Forging hammer having an electric linear drive

Abstract

The basic invention relates, in particular, to a forging hammer, comprising an electric linear drive, having a linear rotor and a ram that is coupled to the latter for the purpose of executing forging motions, wherein the linear rotor and the ram are connected to each other through an interposed flexurally elastic decoupling structure that acts between the linear rotor and the ram, and the decoupling structure is realized and arranged to decouple the linear rotor, at least partly, from relative motions of the ram relative to the linear rotor that occur during a forging motion.

Claims

1. A forging hammer, comprising: an electric linear drive, having a linear rotor with an extension, the extension comprising a piston rod; a ram coupled to the linear rotor, wherein the ram is configured to execute forging motions via movement of the linear rotor, wherein execution of the forging motions generates relative motions secondary to the movement of the linear rotor; a fastening structure for fastening the ram to the extension of the linear rotor; and a decoupling structure interposed between the linear rotor and the ram, the decoupling structure comprising a flexurally elastic decoupling element disposed between the extension of the linear rotor and the fastening structure, the decoupling element having a flexural elasticity that is greater than that of the extension and the fastening structure, such that the decoupling element decouples the linear rotor from the relative motions generated by the forging motions of the ram.

2. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of: the relative motions generated by the forging motions of the ram include at least one of vibrations, displacements, deformations or tilting motions of the ram occurring along a longitudinal axis (L) of the linear rotor during a forging motion; the flexurally elastic decoupling element comprises a two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally realized connecting structure having elastomechanical absorber mechanisms that are deformable in a vibrationally or torsionally elastic manner; and/or the flexurally elastic decoupling element comprises an elastomechanical damping structure.

3. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flexurally elastic decoupling element: comprises one or more decoupling regions for decoupling a relative secondary motion between the linear rotor and the ram, the secondary motion including at least one of tilting motions relative to a longitudinal axis (L) of the linear rotor, displacements transverse to the longitudinal axis (L), transverse vibrations with respect to the longitudinal axis (L); comprises a taper in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis (L) of the linear rotor, wherein the taper optionally has a concave curvature realized in a cross section along the longitudinal axis (L) of the linear rotor; comprises a plurality of cross-sectional surfaces transverse to the longitudinal axis (L), the plurality of cross-sectional surfaces having surfaces areas that are selectively varied; and is one of: (i) configured as a single piece with the linear rotor, the piston rod having an end facing the ram, the flexurally elastic decoupling element positioned at the end of the piston rod; or (ii) configured as a separate structural element, and is connected to the linear rotor in at least one of a form-fitting, materially bonded and/or force-fitting manner.

4. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 1, the electric linear drive comprising a stator, and the forging hammer further comprising a first linear guide positioned between the stator of the electric linear drive and the ram, in which the linear rotor is guided in a longitudinal direction (L), wherein at least one of: the first linear guide comprises one of a rolling bearing, a sliding-contact bearing, a sliding bushing, or a guide bushing; the first linear guide is positioned about a supporting structure for the electric linear drive; and a length of the first linear guide, measured parallel to the longitudinal direction (L) of the linear rotor, is at least as great as one times a diameter of the linear rotor.

5. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 4, further comprising: a second linear guide on a side of the electric linear drive that: (i) faces away from the ram, (ii) guides the linear rotor in the longitudinal direction (L), and (iii) is supported transversely to the longitudinal direction (L); wherein at least one of: the second linear guide comprises a bearing or a guide bushing including a bushing or sleeve closed on one side; a length of the second linear guide, measured parallel to the longitudinal direction (L), is at least as great as one times a diameter of the linear rotor; the second linear guide is fastened about one or both of: (i) a housing structure, and (ii) the stator of the electric linear drive; and the second linear guide is positioned about a supporting structure for a linear motor of the electric linear drive.

6. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 5, wherein the linear rotor, the first and the second linear guide are configured such that the linear rotor is always guided and supported, both in the first and in the second linear guide, over an entire linear motion cycle of the linear rotor.

7. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 5, further comprising: a housing base, wherein a first linear guide is positioned about the housing base, and is at least partially fixed in a through-bore of the housing base, wherein the through-bore is in axial alignment with a rotor space of the linear motor, such that the movement of the linear rotor occurs at least partially inside of the through-bore; and wherein a sliding-contact bearing structure of the first linear guide is disposed so as to extend circumferentially along the through-bore, such that the sliding-contact bearing structure provides a passage opening for the linear rotor that is concentric with the through-bore.

8. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the second linear guide is positioned about an end face that faces away from the first linear guide, and at an end face of the stator, or of a housing structure that faces away from the housing base; the second linear guide comprises a guide cylinder provided with an external supporting structure, and wherein the guide cylinder is attached to a guide plate comprising supporting ribs connecting the guide plate and the guide cylinder; supporting walls extend from the housing base and connect to the guide plate, the guide plate running on laterally opposite sides of the stator and parallel to the longitudinal direction (L), and the housing base is connected to a carrying frame of the forging hammer by screwed connections provided at respective corners of the housing base.

9. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: one or both of: (i) at least a region of the linear rotor, and (ii) the decoupling structure have/has a cylinder structure; and a ratio of a diameter of the cylinder structure to one of a diameter, a length, or a width of the ram is in a range of between 1/10 and ¼.

10. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 9, wherein a ratio of a diameter of the cylinder structure to a length of the decoupling structure between the linear rotor and the ram is in the range of between ⅕ and ½.

11. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 1, wherein a ratio of a diameter of the decoupling structure, measured transversely to a longitudinal axis (L) of the linear rotor, to a diameter of the linear rotor, or of the piston rod of the linear rotor, is in the range of between 0.85 and 0.97.

12. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electric linear drive comprises a stator, and wherein an axial length of the linear rotor is greater than an axial length of the stator of the electric linear drive measured along a longitudinal axis (L) of the linear rotor.

13. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the decoupling structure is positioned between the linear rotor, or a spur adjoining the linear rotor, and the fastening structure; and the fastening structure comprises a wedge segment or a conical segment connected in a form-fitting or frictional manner to the ram.

14. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electric linear drive further comprises a permanent-magnet-excited synchronous linear motor.

15. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: a housing structure for an electric linear motor of the electric linear drive, wherein a housing structure: has a housing base on which a stator of the linear motor is fixed and supported; and comprises, on a side that faces toward the ram, one or more stop buffers that are positioned to buffer mechanical loads on the linear motor caused by collisions between the ram and the housing structure during operation of the forging hammer.

16. A forging hammer, comprising: an electric linear drive having a linear rotor, the linear rotor comprising a piston rod; and a ram coupled to the linear rotor; wherein: the linear rotor comprises a magnetic portion, extending in an axial direction (L), the magnetic portion comprising a plurality of permanent magnets disposed in succession in the axial direction; the permanent magnets are comprised of magnetic annular disks; and the permanent magnets are fixed by fastening elements placed on opposing sides of the magnetic portion and attached to the piston rod of the linear rotor that passes through the magnetic annular disks.

17. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 16, wherein: the permanent magnets are magnetized alternately radially and axially in succession in the axial direction (L); laminated shims are disposed between axially succeeding permanent magnets; and the permanent magnets are made from a neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) material.

18. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 16, wherein one of: (i) the electric linear drive is configured as a tubular linear motor; or (ii) a decoupling structure is positioned about a cylindrical spur that adjoins an extension of the magnetic portion of the linear rotor.

19. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 16, wherein: the linear rotor comprises a guide sleeve in a region adjacent to the magnetic portion; the guide sleeve comprises at least one sliding guide ring; and a stop sleeve is positioned at an end of the magnetic portion that is opposite from the guide sleeve.

20. The forging hammer as claimed in claim 19, wherein: an outer surface of the guide sleeve forms a bearing surface, by means of which the linear rotor is movably mounted within a linear guide of the forging hammer, such that the linear rotor is movable in the axial direction (L) in the linear guide, and the guide sleeve is configured to support the linear rotor in a sliding manner with the outer surface of the guide sleeve in cooperation with an inner surface of the linear guide.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in greater detail in the following on the basis of the appended figures. There are shown:

(2) FIG. 1 provides a perspective view of a forging hammer;

(3) FIG. 2 provides a sectional representation of the forging hammer;

(4) FIG. 3 provides a detail of the forging hammer according to FIG. 2;

(5) FIG. 4 provides further detail of the forging hammer according to FIG. 2;

(6) FIG. 5 provides an exemplary development of a portion of a linear rotor;

(7) FIG. 6 provides a perspective view of a further embodiment of a forging hammer; and

(8) FIG. 7 provides a sectional representation of the forging hammer of the further embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(9) FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a forging hammer 1, with a hammer frame 2 having two lateral columns 3 for supporting a crosshead 4.

(10) A forging hammer 1 as shown in FIG. 1 may comprise a lower insert 5 that can be fastened in the hammer frame by means of an insert wedge 6, and have a receiver 7 for a lower hammer die 8, which can be seen in FIG. 2 showing a sectional representation of the forging hammer 1.

(11) The forging hammer 1 furthermore comprises a tubular solenoid linear motor 9, in particular a solenoid-permanently-excited synchronous linear motor, that is fastened to and supported on the upper crosshead 4.

(12) The solenoid linear motor 9, realized as an electric linear drive, comprises a stator 10 and a linear rotor 11 guided therein in the longitudinal direction (see FIG. 2).

(13) The linear rotor 11 is coupled to a ram 12, which in turn is guided in two ram guides 13 realized on the columns 3, such that the ram 12 can be moved up and down by the electric linear motor 9.

(14) The solenoid linear motor 9 is accommodated in a housing 32. The housing 32 is of a modular structure and, in the example shown in the figures, comprises a housing base 33, having a cylindrical first housing casing 34 that is fastened and fixed hereto. The first housing casing 34 is connected, for example in a materially bonded manner, to the housing base 33, and mechanically reinforced with respect to the housing base 33 by means of first supporting ribs 35, or supporting angles.

(15) The housing 32 furthermore comprises a cylindrical second housing casing 36, which is connected to the first housing casing 34, in the present example in a force-fitting manner, via a separable flanged connection 37.

(16) A linear bearing arrangement 38, described in greater detail further below, which comprises a bottom plate 39 and a cylindrical guide bushing 15 fastened to the bottom plate 39, in particular in a materially bonded manner, is fastened to the side of the second housing casing that faces away from the first housing casing 34. The guide bushing 15 and bottom plate 39 are mechanically reinforced against each other by means of second supporting ribs 40, or supporting angles, attached thereto.

(17) Since the housing 32 is of a structure that is mechanically comparatively stable, on the one hand electronic components of the solenoid linear motor 9 can be protected against mechanical effects. On the other hand, owing to the modular structure, components accommodated in the housing are rendered comparatively easily accessible, for example in the case of any necessary servicing works.

(18) The solenoid linear motor 9 is connected to the underframe of the forging hammer 1, i.e. to the columns 3, by means of the housing base 33 of the housing 32. Specifically, the housing base 33 is screw-connected to T-shaped column heads of the columns 3. There may be positioning elements and/or dampers or absorber elements between the housing base 33 and the column heads. The dampers or absorber elements may be designed at least to damp a transmission of mechanical impacts or vibrations from the underframe to the housing 32.

(19) As shown in FIG. 2, the ram 12 carries, fixed thereto, an upper hammer die 14 that corresponds to the lower hammer die 8.

(20) When the forging hammer 1 is in operation, the ram 12 is moved up and down by corresponding driving of the linear rotor 11 by the solenoid linear motor 9, with respective forging operations being able to be performed on a workpiece (not shown) at lower bottom points of the ram 12.

(21) As can be seen in particular from FIG. 2, the linear rotor 11 is realized in the manner of a piston rod, and is of a length, measured parallel to the longitudinal axis L, that is greater than the length of the stator 10 measured parallel to the longitudinal axis.

(22) As already described, at an upper end, i.e. at an end that faces way from the ram 12, the solenoid linear motor 9 has the guide bushing 15, which is shown in greater detail in the detailed representation of FIG. 3.

(23) The guide bushing 15 is disposed in alignment and in the prolongation of the running axis, or guide axis L, of the solenoid linear motor 9, and is realized such that the linear rotor 11 is guided in the longitudinal direction and supported transversely to the longitudinal direction.

(24) At a lower end of the solenoid linear motor 9 that faces away from the upper end there is a supporting bearing 16 that can be seen in greater detail in the representation of FIG. 3, which shows an enlarged detail of FIG. 2.

(25) The supporting bearing 16 is disposed in alignment with the longitudinal axis L and in alignment in relation to the upper guide bushing 15, and is realized and arranged in such a manner that the linear rotor 11 is guided therein in the longitudinal direction, and supported transversely to the longitudinal direction.

(26) At the end that faces toward the ram 12, the linear rotor 11 has a piston-rod extension 17, which, in the retracted position of the direction of motion, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, extends between the supporting bearing 16 and the ram 12.

(27) This piston-rod extension 17 comprises a piston portion 18, a fastening structure 19 provided at the distal end, and a decoupling structure 20 located between the piston portion 18 and the fastening structure.

(28) The fastening structure 19 is realized in the form of a wedge or conically tapered portion, and is connected to the ram 12 in a form-fitting, in particular frictional, manner by means of a retaining bushing 21 in a corresponding recess, or a through-hole or blind hole of the ram 12.

(29) The decoupling structure 20 comprises a flexurally elastic decoupling portion 22 disposed between the piston extension and the fastening structure 19. The decoupling portion 22 has a flexural elasticity that is greater than that of the adjacent components and materials.

(30) The increased flexural elasticity, or reduced flexural stiffness, as compared with the adjacent or directly adjoining components or materials may be effected, for example, by one or more tapers realized in the region of the decoupling structure, for example having a concave structure with respect to the longitudinal axis L, by the use or provision of a correspondingly flexurally elastic material, by indentations, recesses, openings, etc.

(31) In particular, a ratio between the diameter of the linear rotor 11, or a piston of the linear rotor, and the diameter of the decoupling structure 20, in each case measured transversely to the direction of motion of the linear rotor 11, may be in the range of approximately 0.95. Also possible, in particular, are ratios in the range of from 0.80 to 0.97, or alternatively 0.85 to 0.95, with which comparatively advantageous elasticity properties can be achieved for forging operations.

(32) When the forging hammer 1 is in operation, during forging operations in which the ram 12 is moved up and down for the purpose of performing work on a workpiece, and in which, at a lower reversal point, forming of the workpiece is or can be effected, the guide bushing 15, the supporting bearing 16 and the decoupling structure 20 act in combination in such a manner that the linear rotor 11 and the ram 12 are decoupled with respect to relative motions of the ram 12 in relation to the linear rotor 11, and the linear rotor 11 is guided properly in the stator 10. In other words, through combined action of the guide bushing 15, supporting bearing 16 and decoupling structure 20, in particular of the decoupling portion 22, and dampers and/or absorber elements that may be present between the hammer frame 2 and the housing 32, secondary motions of the ram 12 are compensated or absorbed, in order thus to prevent, at least to a large extent, transmission to the linear rotor 11.

(33) More precisely, the decoupling structure 20, in particular the decoupling portion 22 and/or the decoupling portion 22 and the piston portion 18, has the effect that secondary motions of the ram 12 that occur during a forging operation, for example in the form of tilting motions with respect to the longitudinal axis, displacements or vibrations transversely to the longitudinal axis, or the like, are not transmitted, or are not transmitted to their full extent, to the linear rotor 11.

(34) The supporting bearing 16 and the guide bushing 15 act in respect of the position and the running of the linear rotor 11 in the stator 10, and to stabilize an air gap realized between the linear rotor 11 and the stator 10, inside the linear motor 9, and in particular are instrumental in avoiding a transmission of secondary motions of the ram 12 to the linear rotor 11.

(35) The proposed measures, i.e. in particular the provision of the decoupling structure 20, the lower supporting bearing 16 and the upper guide bushing 15 enable the linear rotor 11 to be guided in an optimum manner in the stator 10. In particular, owing to the stabilization of the linear rotor 11 and its mechanical decoupling from the ram 12, it is possible to avoid the geometry of the air gap, realized between the linear rotor 11 and the stator 10 inside the solenoid linear motor 9, being influenced, in particular varied, by forging motions. Changes in the air gap during operation of the linear motor have a disadvantageous effect on the operation of the solenoid linear motor 9, which in turn can result in impairments in the forging result and/or in reduced energy efficiency. In other words, in particular owing to the decoupling structure 20, and owing to the combined action and the interaction with the linear guides realized as a guide bushing 15 and supporting bearing 16, it can be achieved that the position of the linear rotor 11 is stabilized during the forging operation, and is at least largely independent of secondary motions of the ram 12.

(36) FIG. 5 shows a development of a portion of the linear rotor 11. The linear rotor 11 according to FIG. 5 comprises a magnetic portion 23, located approximately centrally and extending in the axial direction.

(37) The magnetic portion 23 comprises a multiplicity of first permanent magnets 24 and second permanent magnets 25. The first permanent magnets 24 are permanent magnets magnetized in the axial direction, while the second permanent magnets 25 are radially magnetized permanent magnets. The first permanent magnets 24, measured in the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis L, are narrower than the second permanent magnets 25.

(38) Disposed respectively between two adjacent permanent magnets there are shims (not shown), which are designed, in particular, to compensate production tolerances of the permanent magnets with respect to the surfaces oriented in the longitudinal direction L.

(39) The permanent magnets 24, 25 are realized as annular disks, having a central through-hole. The linear rotor 11 has a piston rod 26, which goes through the through-holes of the permanent magnets 24, 25 and forms a central seating for the permanent magnets 24, 25.

(40) Directly adjoining the magnetic portion 23, the linear rotor 11 has a guide sleeve 27 having a plurality of sliding guide rings. The guide sleeve 27, in particular the sliding guide rings, forms/form a part of a sliding bearing, by means of which the linear rotor 11 is mounted, or can be mounted, in the guide bushing 15 (see FIG. 3). An inner surface of the guide bushing 15 may accordingly be realized as a counter-bearing surface for the sliding guide rings.

(41) The permanent magnets 24, 25, the shims and the guide sleeve 27 are fastened by means of clamping nuts 28 that are fastened or fixed to the piston rod 26 at both ends, and that each stop against a stop nut 29. The clamping nuts 28 and stop nuts 29, and corresponding fastening points, in particular screw thread, of the piston rod 26, and the piston rod 26 as such, are realized in such a manner that, by proper application of the stop nuts 29 and clamping nuts 28, the permanent magnets 24, 25 and the piston rod 26 are clamped to each other. In particular, in this way an improved mechanical stability, in particular of the magnetic portion 23, can be achieved.

(42) In the assembled state, as shown in the development according to FIG. 4, the piston portion 18, the fastening structure 19 and the decoupling structure 20 may be attached to the end of the linear rotor 11 that faces away from the guide sleeve 27.

(43) The magnetic portion 23 may have a protective coating, which may, for example, consist of an epoxy resin or comprise an epoxy resin. In particular, by means of a corresponding coating, the permanent magnets 24, 25, of the magnetic portion 23 can be protected against external influences.

(44) Corresponding to the magnetic portions 24, 25, the stator 10 of the tubular solenoid linear motor 9, realized with the geometry of a hollow cylinder, may have ring coils 30 (see FIG. 2) that are disposed along the longitudinal direction L and spaced apart from each other. By means of an appropriate closed-loop control (not shown), the ring coils 30 can be controlled in such a manner that the magnetic portion is moved up and down in the stator, with corresponding forging motions of the ram 12 being executed.

(45) As shown, for example, in the development according to FIG. 2, the stator 10, with the ring coils 30, can be accommodated in the modular-structure housing 32, in particular fastened therein. Owing to the approximately centrally located flanged connection 37 of the housing halves, it can be achieved that the components located inside the housing 32 can be accessed comparatively easily, for example for servicing purposes and the like.

(46) An interface of the stator 10, or of the housing 32, by means of which the solenoid linear motor 9 is fastened to the hammer frame 2, may be realized in such a manner that the linear drive, realized as described herein, can be mounted, i.e. retrofitted, even in the case of already existing forging hammers.

(47) In order to avoid, or at least largely prevent, any damage to the linear drive, in particular to the permanent magnets 24, 25, stop buffers 31 (see FIG. 2) may be provided on an underside of the housing base.

(48) For the purpose of compensating pressure fluctuations that may occur inside the housing during operation of the forging hammer as a result of the motion of the linear rotor 11, the housing 32, in particular the housing wall, and/or the linear bearing arrangement 38, may have appropriate air inlet and air outlet elements.

(49) Overall, the housing 32 may be realized in such a manner that the stator 10 and the linear rotor 11 are substantially encapsulated, in particular mechanically encapsulated, and largely protected against external influences. In particular in the case of a partial, or even complete, encapsulation, it may be necessary to provide the aforementioned pressure compensating elements.

(50) FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a further development of a further forging hammer 1.1. The further forging hammer 1a is of a structure similar to that of the forging hammer 1 according to FIG. 1 and, unless otherwise described, elements and components denoted by the same references have equivalent and/or corresponding functions and/or properties.

(51) Unlike the forging hammer 1 according to FIG. 1, the further forging hammer 1.1 comprises a shorter linear motor, measured in the longitudinal direction L, that is likewise realized as a solenoid linear motor, and reference is made to what in the following is referred to as a further linear motor 9.1.

(52) The further linear motor 9.1, which is represented in section in FIG. 7, comprises a stator, which is shorted in comparison with the development according to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. The stator of the further linear motor 9.1, measured in the longitudinal direction, may be realized, for example, so as to be half as along as that of the linear motor according to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. In the case of the further linear motor 9.1, the linear rotor 11 may also be realized in a correspondingly shortened manner, and the magnetic portion and the portions of the linear rotor 11 adjoining the latter may be developed according to the example shown in FIG. 5.

(53) Owing to the shortened form of the further linear motor 9.1, which is realized as a tubular linear motor, the housing 32 comprises only one housing casing 34. The one housing casing 34 is attached, in particular welded, to a housing base 33, in a manner similar to that of the development according to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. For the purpose of reinforcement, the housing casing 34 and the housing base 33 are supported against each other via first supporting ribs 35, the first supporting ribs 35 and the housing base 33 being able to be welded to each other.

(54) A linear bearing arrangement 38, realized as in the case of the development of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, is attached, in particular screw-connected, to the side of the housing casing 34 that faces away from the housing base 33. The linear bearing arrangement 38 is realized in a manner corresponding to the development according to FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, and reference is made to corresponding embodiments.

(55) In a manner similar to the development according to FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, the further linear motor 9.1, accommodated in the housing 32, is connected to the hammer frame 2 via the housing base 33.

(56) As can be seen by jointly viewing FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the housing base 33 is connected in a force-fitting manner to the hammer frame 2, screwed connections 41, provided at respective corners of the housing base 33, being used in the present example. A corresponding screwed connection 41 may comprise, for example, a metal-rubber bearing 43 between a screw head 42.1 and a screw nut 42.2. In addition, the housing base 33 may be mounted and fastened on carrying heads 45 of the hammer frame 2 by means of interposed damping or absorber strips 44. This structure and this manner of fastening correspond substantially to those of the forging hammer 1 according to FIG. 1 to FIG. 4.

(57) The metal-rubber bearing 43 and/or damping or absorber strips 44 are instrumental, in particular, in the decoupling of the linear motor 9, 9.1 from the hammer frame, such that mechanical impacts, vibrations and the like that occur during forging operations can at least be weakened, such that a direct application of occurring mechanical forces to the linear motor 9, 9.1 can at least be reduced.

(58) Yet another advantage is obtained for the further linear motor 9.1 shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, since, owing to the modular design of the housing 32, the linear rotor 11, comprising, for example, a plurality of annular permanent magnets connected in succession, and also the stator 10, which, depending on the requirement, may comprise a plurality of winding bodies 46 having corresponding coil windings, in particular the structural length of the linear motor can be varied, at least with certain limits, and to that extent adapted in a comparatively flexible manner to respective requirements.

(59) Also, not least, owing to the fact that the interface for fastening the ram, and the interface for fastening to the hammer frame can be realized so as to correspond to the conventional, hydraulically operated forging hammers, it is possible, according to the solutions proposed herein, for conventional, hydraulically operated forging hammers to be equipped, or retrofitted, with electric linear motors without the need for substantial structural design alterations, for instance to the hammer frame 2.

(60) Overall, it is found that, by means of the solution proposed herein, in particular the use of an electric linear drive, for example a linear motor in combination with a decoupling structure, and in particular first and second linear guides, a new type of forging hammer can be provided. In particular, with the structural design proposed herein, it is possible to realize a forging hammer having a permanent-magnet-excited linear motor, provided for driving the ram, with which adequate impact forces and accelerations for the ram can be achieved, a comparatively precise position control of the ram being possible at the same time.

LIST OF REFERENCES

(61) 1 forging hammer 1.1 further forging hammer 2 hammer frame 3 column 4 crosshead 5 insert 6 insert wedge 7 receiver 8 lower hammer die 9 solenoid linear motor 9.1 further linear motor 10 stator 11 linear rotor 12 ram 13 ram guide 14 upper hammer die 15 guide bushing 16 supporting bearing 17 piston-rod extension 18 piston portion 19 fastening structure 20 decoupling structure 21 retaining bushing 22 decoupling portion 23 magnetic portion 24 first permanent magnet 25 second permanent magnet 26 piston rod 27 guide sleeve 28 clamping nut 29 stop nut 30 ring coil 31 stop buffer 32 housing 33 housing base 34 first housing casing 35 first supporting rib 36 second housing casing 37 flanged connection 28 linear bearing arrangement 39 bottom plate 40 second supporting rib 41 screwed connection 42.1 screw head 42.2 screw nut 43 metal-rubber bearing 44 damping or absorber strips 45 carrying head 46 winding body L longitudinal axis