Device for charging an electric vehicle and a method for verifying the contact between a device for charging an electric vehicle and the electric vehicle

Abstract

A device is disclosed for charging an electric vehicle. The device includes a plurality of electrical contacts, at least two of them coupled to a power supply, and each electrical contact of the plurality of electrical contacts is arranged for contacting a different contact surface of the electric vehicle. The device also includes a secondary contact forming a contact arrangement with one of the electrical contacts of the plurality of electrical contacts. The electrical contact and the secondary contact of the contact arrangement are arranged to contact the same contact surface of the vehicle.

Claims

1. A device for charging an electric vehicle, comprising: a plurality of electrical contacts, at least two of them coupled to a stationary power supply, and each electrical contact of the plurality of electrical contacts is arranged for contacting a different contact surface of the electrical vehicle to be charged by the device; and a secondary contact forming a contact arrangement with one of the electrical contacts of the plurality of electrical contacts, wherein said electrical contact and the secondary contact of the contact arrangement are arranged to contact the same contact surface of the vehicle, and the contact arrangement formed by the electrical contact and the respective secondary contact is a first contact arrangement and a second contact arrangement is formed by one of the electrical contacts of the plurality of electrical contacts which is not part of the first contact arrangement and a respective secondary contact of the second contact arrangement wherein the electrical contact of the second contact arrangement and the secondary contact of the second contact arrangement are arranged to contact the same contact surface of the vehicle, and wherein the device is configured for measuring an electric impedance between the secondary contact of the first contact arrangement and the secondary contact of the second contact arrangement.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is further configured for enabling and/or maintaining the supply of power to the vehicle via the at least two electrical contacts coupled to the power supply only when the measured electric impedance is below a predetermined threshold.

3. The device according to claim 1, comprising a fixed support frame and a movable contact frame to which the plurality of electrical contacts are attached, and an actuator attached to the fixed support frame for moving the movable contact frame to engage the plurality of electrical contacts with the respective contact surface of the electrical vehicle.

4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of electrical contacts comprise at least one electrical contact of the following list: a negative direct current contact, a positive direct current contact, a control contact and a protective earth contact.

5. The device according to claim 4, wherein the device comprises the negative direct current contact, the positive direct current contact, the control contact and the protective earth contact.

6. A method for verifying the contact between a device for charging an electric vehicle and an electric vehicle, the device comprising a plurality of electrical contacts, at least two of them coupled to a power supply, and each of the electrical contacts is arranged for contacting a different contact surface of the electrical vehicle; and a secondary contact, forming a contact arrangement with one of the electrical contacts, wherein the electrical contact of the contact arrangement and the secondary contact of the contact arrangement are arranged to contact the same contact surface of the vehicle; wherein the contact arrangement formed by the electrical contact and the respective secondary contact is a first contact arrangement and a second contact arrangement is formed by one of the electrical contacts of the plurality of electrical contacts which is not part of the first contact arrangement and a respective secondary contact of the second contact arrangement wherein the electrical contact of the second contact arrangement and the secondary contact of the second contact arrangement are arranged to contact the same contact surface of the vehicle, and wherein the method comprises: arranging the contact arrangement to contact the same contact surface of the vehicle; and measuring an electric impedance between the secondary contact of the first contact arrangement and the secondary contact of the second contact arrangement.

7. The method according to claim 6, comprising applying a current of at least 10 amperes during measuring the electric impedance.

8. The method according to claim 6, comprising applying a switched or pulsed current during measuring the electric impedance.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter.

(2) In the purely schematic drawings:

(3) FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a charging station and an electric vehicle to be charged by the charging station;

(4) FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a movable contact frame according to a first embodiment comprising a plurality of electrical contacts and contact surfaces on the electric vehicle to be contacted by the plurality of electrical contacts;

(5) FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a contact arrangement according to a first embodiment comprising one of the electrical contacts and a secondary contact;

(6) FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of a movable contact frame according to a second embodiment comprising a plurality of electrical contacts and contact surfaces on the electric vehicle to be contacted by the plurality of electrical contacts; and

(7) FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of a contact arrangement according to a second embodiment comprising one of the electrical contacts and a secondary contact.

(8) FIG. 6 shows a schematic arrangement of a contact arrangement according to another embodiment comprising one of a first contact arrangement and a second contact arrangement.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(9) FIG. 1 shows a device 10 for charging an electric vehicle 12. The device might be a normal battery charger for an electric car or an electric bus or any other vehicle like an electric motorcycle, an electric bike and the like. In FIG. 1 a bus is exemplarily shown. The device 10 might also be a so-called fast charging station for fast charging such an electric vehicle 12. The device 10 can be operated with alternating current as well as with direct current. Today, for fast charging, direct current is typically used.

(10) The electric power for charging the electric vehicle 12 is provided by a stationary power supply 14 which is typically connected to the electric grid or any other suitable power source. The stationary power supply 14 is in particular not placed within the electric vehicle 12 to be charged. In order to connect the device 10 for charging an electric vehicle 12—which is in the following shortly referred to as the charging station 10′—, the charging station 10′ comprises a movable contact frame 16, which might be actuated by an actuator 17. The contact frame 16 has a plurality of electrical contacts 20, at least two of them are coupled to the power supply 14. Further, the plurality of electrical contacts 20 are each arranged for contacting a different contact surface 30 of the vehicle 12. Further, the charging station 10′ might comprise a fixed support frame 18 to which the actuator 17 is connected to. Instead of fixing the actuator to a dedicated fixed support frame of the charging station, it might also be fixed to any other support structure which might already be present such as a projecting roof or the like.

(11) FIG. 2 shows the contact frame 16 with the plurality of electrical contacts 20 in more details. For example, the plurality of electrical contacts 20 has four electrical contacts 22, 23, 24, 25. However, depending on the requirements of the charging station and the charging procedure, also more or less electrical contacts might be used. For the example of direct current charging, the plurality of electrical contacts 20 might comprise a negative electric contact 22 connected to a negative potential of the power supply 14, a positive electrical contact 23 connected to a positive potential of the power supply 14, a protective earth contact 24 which is connected to earth, which is also called ground, and a control contact 25 which is used for communication between the charging station 10′ and the electric vehicle 12.

(12) Further, FIG. 2 also shows the electric contact surfaces 30 of the electric vehicle 12. Each electric contact 22, 23, 24, 25 of the plurality of electrical contacts 20 of the charging station 10′ has a corresponding contact surface 32, 33, 34, 35 on the electric vehicle 12. For the above given example for direct current charging, the contact surface 32 corresponding to electric contact 22, which is the negative electric contact, is electrically connected to the energy store of the electric vehicle and the contact surface 33 corresponding to electric contact 23, which is the positive electric contact, is also electrically connected to the energy store of the electric vehicle for charging the energy store.

(13) According to the invention, a secondary contact 28 is proved forming a contact arrangement 29 with one of the electrical contacts 20. For example, FIG. 2 shows that the secondary contact 28 is provided next to the protective earth contact 24. However, the secondary contact 28 might also be provided next to any other electrical contact 22, 23, 25 of the plurality of contacts 20. The electrical contact 24, which is in this case the protective earth contact 24, of the contact arrangement 29 and the secondary contact 28 of the contact arrangement 29 are arranged to contact the same contact surface 34 of the electric vehicle 12.

(14) In the example shown in FIG. 3, the charging station 10′ is further configured for measuring the electric impedance between the electrical contact 24 of the contact arrangement 29 and the secondary contact 28 of the contact arrangement 29 when said same contact surface 34 of the electric vehicle 12 is contacted by the electrical contact 24 of the contact arrangement 29 and the secondary contact 28 of the contact arrangement 29.

(15) The method and arrangement for measuring the electric impedance between the electrical contact 24 of the contact arrangement 29 and the secondary contact 28 of the contact arrangement 29 is explained with reference to FIG. 3. FIG. 3 shows one of the electric contact surfaces 30, the contact surface 34, contacted by the electrical contact 24 and the secondary contact 28. In the example of FIG. 3, the electrical contact 24 is the protective earth contact 24 described above, which is electrically connected to earth. Further, an electrical current or voltage source 40, which is more generally called an electrical source 40, is provided, which is connected by a first pole of the source 40 to the electrical contact 24 and by a second pole of the source to the secondary contact 28. As both, the electrical contact 24 and the secondary contact 28, contact the same contact surface 34 of the electric vehicle 12, a closed electrical circuit 42 is formed by the electrical source 40 connected to the electrical contact 24 contacting the contact surface 34 of the electric vehicle 12. The contact surface 34 is contacted by the secondary contact 28 which is also connected to the electrical source 40. In order to determine the impedance the voltage between the electrical contact 24 and the secondary contact 28 is measures by a voltage measurement device 44.

(16) Based on the measured impedance, the charging station 10′ enables the supply of power to the vehicle 12 via the at least two electrical contacts 22, 23 coupled to the power supply 14 only when the measured electric impedance between the electrical contact 24 of the contact arrangement 29 and the secondary contact 28 of the contact arrangement 29 is below a predetermined threshold.

(17) As shown in FIG. 2, in case the negative electric contact 22, the positive electrical contact 23 and the protective earth contact 24 is present, the negative electric contact 22 and the positive electrical contact 23 are connected to the power supply 14, and the impedance of the protective earth contact 24 is determined. It is in particular preferable, that the impedance of the protective earth connection between the charging station 10′ and the electric vehicle 12 does not exceed a certain, predetermined threshold, as this connection provides security, for example against electric shock. In case the impedance in the protective earth connection is too high, it might be dangerous to provide electric power from the charging station to the electric vehicle. Thus power is only provided if the impedance in below a predetermined threshold.

(18) The measurement of the electric impedance between the electrical contact 24 of the contact arrangement 29 and the secondary contact 28 of the contact arrangement 29 might be done, as already described above, by determining the voltage by the voltage measurement device 44 between the electrical contact 24 and the secondary contact 28 of the contact arrangement 29 when a predetermined current is sent through the electrical contact 24 and the secondary contact 28 as depicted in FIG. 3 by the dotted line 42.

(19) Other methods for measuring the impedance might also be used. For example the charging station 10′ is configured for measuring the electric impedance between the electrical contact 24 of the contact arrangement 29 and the secondary contact 28 of the contact arrangement 29 by determining the current flowing in the closed current loop 42 when a predetermined voltage is applied between said electrical contact 24 and said secondary contact 28.

(20) In both of the described methods for measuring the impedance, the applied current is preferably of at least 10 amperes, more preferably of at least 25 amperes and most preferably of at least 50 ampere during the measurement.

(21) For example, the charging station, in particular the source 40 applies a switched or pulsed current during measuring the electric impedance between the electrical contact 24 of the contact arrangement 29 and the secondary contact 28 of the contact arrangement 29. By using a switched or pulsed current during the measuring, a more complex sensing of the contact impedance can be carried out. In case a less complex sensing is used, for example in case only a steady state DC current is applied, the measurement might only determine the ohmic contact resistance.

(22) In a further embodiment, also a further electrical contact of the plurality of electrical contacts 20 might be equipped with a respective secondary contact to form a respective contact arrangement as well as with a further voltage or current source and a voltage measurement device as shown in FIG. 3 so that an electric contact impedance can be determined between the electrical contact of the respective contact arrangement and the secondary contact of the same contact arrangement when the same contact surface of the vehicle is contacted by the electrical contact of the respective contact arrangement and the secondary contact of the same contact arrangement. Further, the charging station might also be equipped for several or for each electrical contact with such a contact arrangement.

(23) In a further example, which is essentially equal to the one described above with respect to FIG. 3, the electrical contact 20 of the contact arrangement might be, instead of the protective earth contact 24, the negative electric contact 22 or the positive electric contact 23. In this case the measuring of the impedance might also be done during charging for monitoring the impedance during charging. Further, the current used for determining the impedance in the closed electrical circuit 42 might be running in the opposite direction to the charging current in order to not overload the electrical contact 20 and the respective contact surface 30 on the electric vehicle.

(24) In the following, the method for verifying the contact between the charging station 10′ and the electric vehicle 12 will be explained. It might be applied to any of the above described embodiments of the charging station 10′. The method for verifying the contact might comprise: arranging the contact arrangement 29 to contact the same contact surface 34 of the electric vehicle 12; and measuring the electric impedance between the electrical contact 24 of the contact arrangement 29 and the secondary contact 28 of the contact arrangement 29.

(25) Further, the method might comprise measuring the electric impedance by determining the current when a predetermined voltage is applied between the electrical contact 24 of the contact arrangement 29 and the secondary contact 28 of the contact arrangement 29. Alternatively, the method might also comprise determining the voltage between the electrical contact 24 of the contact arrangement 29 and the secondary contact 28 of the contact arrangement 29 when a predetermined current is sent through the electrical contact 24 of the contact arrangement 29 and the secondary contact 28 of the contact arrangement 29.

(26) In a further embodiment, the electrical connection between the charging station and the electrical vehicle is established by an electrical cable comprising a plug for establishing the electrical connection to a corresponding plug of the electric vehicle. For example, such charging stations are well known for charging electric cars. Instead of attaching the electrical contacts and the secondary contact to the above described movable contact frame, the electrical contacts as well as the secondary contact are hold within the plug. The plug is typically handled by a person. Alternatively, the plug might also be handled by a robot.

(27) Further, as can be seen in FIG. 2, the plurality of electrical contacts 20, 22, 23, 24, 25 can be bar-shaped. Also the contact surfaces on electric vehicle might be embodied by bar-shaped contacts, which are arranged essentially perpendicular to the electrical contacts 20, 22, 23, 24, 25 of the charging station. Other arrangement are also possible. Further, the plurality of electrical contacts are preferably pressed to the corresponding contact surfaces on the electric vehicle by a suitable means so that under normal conditions a good electrical contact is established. For this purpose, each electrical contact of the plurality of electrical contacts might be spring-loaded. The same applies to the secondary contact or, if a plurality of secondary contacts is used, to each of the secondary contacts.

(28) In FIG. 4 an example is shown having three contact arrangements. The first contact arrangement 29 is formed as in FIG. 2 by the electric contact 24, which is the protective earth contact, and the respective secondary contact 28 of the contact arrangement 29. The second contact arrangement 129 is formed by the electric contact 22, which is the negative electric contact, and the respective secondary contact 128 of the contact arrangement 129. The third contact arrangement 229 is formed by the electric contact 23, which is the negative electric contact, and the respective secondary contact 228 of the contact arrangement 229. It should be noted that also all electrical contacts could be part of a respective contact arrangement.

(29) The method and arrangement for measuring the electric impedance between the negative electric contact 22 of the contact arrangement 129 and the respective secondary contact 128 of the second contact arrangement 129 might be equivalent as for the contact arrangement 29 comprising the protective earth contact 24 and which has been described above with respect to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. However, also an alternative possibility might be used which is described next with respect to FIG. 5. The same applies to the method and the arrangement for measuring the electric impedance between the positive electric contact 23 of the third contact arrangement 229 and the respective secondary contact 228 of the third contact arrangement 229.

(30) FIG. 5 shows one of the electric contact surfaces 30 through which during charging a current I is flowing. In the example shown in FIG. 5 the contact surface 32 contacted by the negative electric contact 22 is shown. Further, the contact surface 32 is also contacted by the secondary contact 128 of the contact arrangement 129. Further, currents are shown by dotted lines. As shown, a first current path goes from the negative electric contact 22 directly to the contact surface 32. A second current path goes from the negative electric contact 22 to the secondary contact 128 through the voltage measurement device 44 and further to the contact surface 32. In order to determine the impedance, the voltage between the electrical contact 22 and the secondary contact 128 is measures by the voltage measurement device 44.

(31) FIG. 6 shows another embodiment according to the invention. In this embodiment a first contact arrangement and a second contact arrangement are used to measure the contact impedance of the electrical contacts. In the example shown in FIG. 6, the first contact arrangement 129 is the one with the negative electric contact 22 and the respective secondary contact 128. The second contact arrangement 229 is the one with the positive electric contact 23 and the respective secondary contact 228. For charging the battery or any other suitable energy storage 50 of the electric vehicle 12, the energy storage 50 is electrically connected to the contact surface 32 corresponding to the electric contact 22 as well as to the contact surface 33 corresponding to the electric contact 23. Further, the power supply 14 is electrically connected to the negative electric contact 22 and to the positive electric contact 23. In order to measure the contact impedance of the electrical contact 22 of the first contact arrangement 129 to the respective contact surface 32 and of the electrical contact 23 of the second contact arrangement 229, the secondary contact 28 of the first contact arrangement 129 and the secondary contact 28 of the second contact arrangement 229 are electrically connected to the voltage measurement device 44. By measuring the voltage with the voltage measurement device 44 at a given current provided by the power supply 14, the impedance can be determined.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

(32) 10 device for charging an electric vehicle 10′ charging station 12 electric vehicle 14 power supply 16 movable contact frame 17 actuator 18 fixed support frame 20 plurality of electrical contacts 22 electrical contact, e.g. negative electric contact 23 electrical contact, e.g. positive electric contact 24 electrical contact e.g. protective earth contact 25 electrical contact, e.g. control contact 28 secondary contact 29 contact arrangement 30 contact surfaces on electric vehicle 32 contact surface corresponding to electric contact 22 33 contact surface corresponding to electric contact 23 34 contact surface corresponding to electric contact 24 35 contact surface corresponding to electric contact 25 40 voltage source or current source 42 closed electrical circuit 44 voltage measurement device 50 energy store