Heat exchanger with sets of channels forming checkered pattern

Abstract

A heat exchanger includes a central body with a first set of channels and a second set of channels extending along a main direction through the central body, wherein, in the central body, in any cross-section across the main direction, the channels of the first and second sets form a checkered pattern in said cross-sections, wherein the heat exchanger further includes two inner transition portions, wherein, in respective inner transition portion, among the rows extending along a first direction, are every second, counted along a second direction, row provided with channels being along the main direction increasingly shifted in position in a first direction relative to the other channels such that the checkered pattern of channels is transformed into a line pattern.

Claims

1. Heat exchanger comprising a central body with a first set of channels forming part of a first set of fluid pathways through the heat exchanger, and a second set of channels forming part of a second set of fluid pathways through the heat exchanger, the channels of the first and second sets extending from a first end of the central body, along a main direction through the central body, to a second end of the central body, wherein, in the central body, in a cross-section across the main direction, the channels of the first and second sets form a checkered pattern by being arranged alternatingly in a plurality of rows along a first direction extending along a first portion of a perimeter of the pattern and alternatingly in a plurality of rows along a second direction extending transverse to the first direction and along a second portion of the perimeter of the pattern, the heat exchanger further comprising two inner transition portions of which one extends from the first end of the central body and one extends from the second end of the central body, the channels of the first and second sets extending from the ends of the central body, in the checkered pattern and into each of the inner transition portions at an inner end of respective inner transition portion, through the respective inner transition portion and to an outer end of the respective inner transition portion, wherein, in the respective inner transition portion, every second row along the first direction is increasingly shifted in the first direction and relative every other second row of the rows, until the checkered pattern of the first and the second sets of channels at the inner end of the respective inner transition portion is transformed into a line pattern at the outer end of the respective inner transition portion, the channels of the respective set of channels thereby, at each outer end of the respective inner transition portion, being arranged alongside each other in rows that extend along the second direction, with the rows of the first set of channels and the rows of the second set of channels being arranged alternatingly along the first direction.

2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein, in the respective inner transition portion, among the rows extending along the first direction, are every other second, counted along the second direction, row provided with channels being, in a plurality of cross-sections, across the main direction, sequentially following each other along the main direction, increasingly shifted in position in a direction opposite the first direction.

3. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the inner transition portions are integrally formed with the central body.

4. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, further comprising two outer transition portions, one extending from either outer end of the respective inner transition portion, wherein each outer transition portion comprises a first set of channels forming part of the first set of fluid pathways and a second set of channels forming part of the second set of fluid pathways, wherein the channels of the first and second sets extend from an inner end of the outer transition portion, facing the inner transition portion, through the outer transition portion and out of the outer transition portion, wherein, in the outer transition portions, the first set of channels and/or the second set of channels are diverted to extend along a third direction respectively a fourth direction extending in parallel with a diversion plane defined by the main direction and the second direction and being transverse to said shift direction of the respective inner transition portion, wherein the third and fourth directions are different from each other such that the first set of channels extend out of the outer transition portion at a first end portion and the second set of channels extend out of the outer transition portion at a second end portion, the second end portion being separated from the first end portion.

5. Heat exchanger according to claim 4, wherein the respective inner transition portion is integrally formed with the associated outer transition portion.

6. Heat exchanger according to claim 4, wherein the central body, the inner transition portions and the outer transition portions are integrally formed into a single body.

7. Heat exchanger according to claim 4, wherein the heat exchanger further comprising four tubular connection portions, each having a tubular wall portion integrally formed with and extending from an outer envelope surface of respective one of the first and second end portions of respective outer transition portions.

8. Heat exchanger according to claim 4, wherein each channel in the central body continuing through the inner transition portion and continuing into the outer transition portion continue through the outer transition portion as a separate channel to the respective first or second end portion.

9. Heat exchanger according to claim 4, wherein, in the outer transition portion, the channels of the first set of channels and/or the second set of channels being diverted to extend along a third direction respectively a fourth direction are curved from the direction from which they exit the respective inner portion to the third respectively the fourth direction.

10. Heat exchanger according to claim 4, wherein the central body, the inner transition portions and the outer transition portions are formed by additive depositing of a material forming the central body, the inner transition portions and the outer transition portions.

11. Heat exchanger according to claim 4, wherein the central body, the inner transition portions and the outer transition portions are integrally formed by additive depositing of a material forming the central body, the inner transition portions and the outer transition portions.

12. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the inner transition portion have a length in the main direction being at least 3 times a maximum width of any channel of the checkered pattern in the central body.

13. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein each channel in the central body has a maximum width of less than 3 mm.

14. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the central body and the inner transition portions are formed by additive depositing of a material forming the central body and the inner transition portions.

15. Heat exchanger according to claim 14, wherein the material is a metallic material.

16. Heat exchanger according to claim 15, wherein the material is laser or electron sintered during the additive depositing of the metallic material, or sintered in an oven after the additive depositing.

17. Heat exchanger according to claim 14, wherein the material is a metallic material chosen from the group consisting of titanium or titanium based alloys, tantalum or tantalum based alloys, steel or steel based alloys, stainless steel or stainless steel based alloys.

18. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein each of the channels of the first set of channels has a first cross-sectional area and each of the channels of the second set of channels has a second cross-sectional area, wherein the first cross-sectional area is between 1.1-1.5 times the second cross-sectional area.

19. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein each channel in the central body has a maximum width of less than 2 mm.

20. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the central body and the inner transition portions are integrally formed by additive depositing of a material forming the central body and the inner transition portions.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention will by way of example be described in more detail with reference to the appended schematic drawings, which shows a presently preferred embodiment of the invention.

(2) FIG. 1 is a first plan projection of a heat exchanger.

(3) FIG. 2 is a second plan projection of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1.

(4) FIG. 3a is a schematic drawing corresponding to a cross-sectional view along line III-III in FIG. 2.

(5) FIG. 3b is a schematic drawing corresponding to a cross-sectional view along line III-III in FIG. 2 in which the channels associated with one of the fluids is marked with dark solid marking.

(6) FIG. 4 is a schematic drawing corresponding to a cross-sectional view along line IV-IV in FIG. 2 in which the channels associated with one of the fluids is marked with dark solid marking as in FIG. 3b.

(7) FIG. 5 is a schematic drawing corresponding to a cross-sectional view along line V-V in FIG. 2 in which the channels associated with one of the fluids is marked with dark solid marking as in FIG. 3b and FIG. 4.

(8) FIG. 6 is a schematic drawing, corresponding to FIG. 1, showing in dashed lines schematically the interior structure of the heat exchanger.

(9) FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view along line VII-VII in FIG. 6.

(10) FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view along line VIII-VIII in FIG. 6 of the portion between lines marked with VIII′ and with the cross-section positioned as further indicated in FIG. 5.

(11) FIG. 9a is a schematic drawing corresponding to a cross-sectional view along line III-III in FIG. 2 of another embodiment.

(12) FIG. 9b corresponds to FIG. 9a in which the channels associated with one of the fluids is marked in dark solid marking.

(13) FIGS. 10 and 11 are plan projections of alternative embodiments of a heat exchanger where the channels associated with different fluids extend in different directions at end portions of an outer transition portion.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(14) As shown in FIG. 1, the heat exchanger 1 comprises an integrally formed part comprising a central body 10, two inner transition portions 20, two outer transition portions 30, and four tubular connection portions 40.

(15) As shown in FIG. 3a and FIG. 3b the central body 10 comprises a first set of a plurality of channels A.sub.ij. These channels A.sub.ij form part of a first set of fluid pathways P.sub.1a, P.sub.1b (as indicated in FIG. 6 and collectively referred to as P.sub.1) through the heat exchanger 10.

(16) The central body 10 further comprises a second set of a plurality of channels B.sub.ij. These channels B.sub.ij form part of a second set of fluid pathways P.sub.2a, P.sub.2b (as indicated in FIG. 6 and collectively referred to as P.sub.2) through the heat exchanger 10.

(17) The channels A.sub.ij, B.sub.ij of the first and second sets of a plurality of channels extend from a first end 10a of the central body 10, along a main direction L through the central body 10, to a second end 10b of the central body 10.

(18) As shown in FIG. 3b in any cross-section across the main direction L, the channels A.sub.ij, B.sub.ij of the first and second sets form a checkered pattern in said cross-sections. The checkered pattern is formed by the channels A.sub.ij, B.sub.ij of the different sets being arranged alternatingly in a plurality of rows X.sub.1X, X.sub.2X, X.sub.3X, X.sub.4X, X.sub.5X, X.sub.6X, X.sub.7X, X.sub.8X along a first direction T.sub.1 extending along a first portion 10c of the pattern and alternatingly in a plurality of rows Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2, Y.sub.3, Y.sub.4, Y.sub.5, Y.sub.6, Y.sub.7, Y.sub.8 along a second direction T.sub.2 extending along a second portion 10d of the pattern. The second direction T.sub.2 is transverse to the first direction T.sub.1.

(19) The first row along the first direction T.sub.1 comprises the channels A.sub.11, B.sub.12, A.sub.13, B.sub.14, A.sub.15, B.sub.16, A.sub.17, B.sub.18. The second row along the first direction T.sub.1 comprises the channels B.sub.21, A.sub.22, B.sub.23, A.sub.24, B.sub.25, A.sub.26, B.sub.27, A.sub.28. The first row along the second direction comprises the channels A.sub.11, B.sub.21, A.sub.31, B.sub.41, A.sub.51, B.sub.61, A.sub.71, B.sub.81.

(20) It should in this context be noted that the number of channels is in practice often significantly greater than the number of channels indicated in FIGS. 3-9. In FIG. 2, there is indicated a greater number of channels. The sizes and numbers of channels will be discussed in detail later in the description.

(21) The heat exchanger 1 further comprises two inner transition portions 20, one extending from the first end 10a of the central body 10 and the other extending from the second end 10b of the central body 10.

(22) Each inner transition portion comprises a first set A.sub.ij of a plurality of channels forming part of the first set of fluid pathways P.sub.1 and a second set of a plurality of channels B.sub.ij forming part of the second set of fluid pathways P.sub.2. The channels A.sub.ij, B.sub.ij of the first and second sets extend from an inner end 20a of respective inner transition portion 20, through respective inner transition portion 20, to an outer end 20b of respective inner transition portion 20.

(23) The channels A.sub.ij, B.sub.ij extend essentially in parallel with and at least with a major component along the main direction L in the respective inner transition portion 20. The inner transition portion 20 is oriented such that the inner end 20a is facing the central body 10.

(24) In respective inner transition portion 20, among the rows extending along the first direction T.sub.1, are every second, counted along a second direction T.sub.2 shifted in position in the first direction T.sub.1. This shifting of every second row is provided by every channel in the shifted rows are curved along their extension along the main direction L. It is sufficient that every channel of every second channel are shifted. This would e.g. be that the channels in rows 2, 4, 6, and 8 would be shifted along the first direction T.sub.1. Row 1 is the one with A.sub.11, B.sub.12, etc and row 2 is the one with B.sub.21, A.sub.22, etc. Thus, in one example, the channels X.sub.2X, X.sub.4X, X.sub.6X, X.sub.8X are shifted along the first direction T.sub.1.

(25) In the preferred embodiment are every channel X.sub.2X, X.sub.4X, X.sub.6X, X.sub.8X of every second row along the second direction T.sub.2 curved along the first direction and every channel X.sub.1X, X.sub.3X, X.sub.6X, X.sub.7X of the other every second row curved along a direction T.sub.1′ opposite the first direction T.sub.1.

(26) The reference numeral X denotes both A and B. The sub-script x denotes all the sub-scripts 1-8. That is X.sub.2X refers to B.sub.21, A.sub.22, B.sub.23, A.sub.24, B.sub.25, A.sub.26, B.sub.27, A.sub.28.

(27) The channels X.sub.2X, X.sub.4X, X.sub.6X, X.sub.8X of every second row counted along the second direction T.sub.2 are curved such that they are, in a plurality of cross-sections (see e.g. the sequence of FIG. 3b, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5), across the main direction L, sequentially following each other along the main direction L, increasingly shifted in position in a first direction T.sub.1, a shift direction, relative to the other channels X.sub.1X, X.sub.3X, X.sub.6X, X.sub.7X of respective inner transition portion 20. In FIG. 8 there is shown a cross-section showing how the channels X.sub.1X, X.sub.3X, X.sub.6X, X.sub.7X extend straight through the central body 10 and are curved to provide a shift in a direction T.sub.1′ opposite the first direction T.sub.1. The in cross-section of FIG. 8, the channels of the fifth row counted along the second direction T.sub.2 are shifted in the direction T.sub.1′ being opposite to the first direction T.sub.1. At the top and bottom the sidewall behind which the channel A.sub.68 extends appears as the channels X.sub.6X approaches the outer end 20b of the respective inner transition portion 20.

(28) The shape of the channels A.sub.ij, B.sub.ij is such that the checkered pattern of channels at the inner end 20a (FIG. 3b) of respective inner transition portion 20 is transformed into a line pattern (FIG. 5) at the outer end 20b with the channels of respective set (A.sub.ij respectively B.sub.ij) arranged alongside each other in rows A1-5, B1-4 extending along the second direction T.sub.2 and with rows of first set channels and rows of second set channels being arranged alternatingly along the first direction T.sub.1 of respective inner transition portion 20. It may be noted that the number of rows counted along the first direction T.sub.1 have increased by one. Counted along the second direction T.sub.2 is the number of rows the same as in the central body 10.

(29) As mentioned above, the heat exchanger 1 further comprises two outer transition portions 30, one extending from either outer end 20b of respective inner transition portion 20.

(30) Each outer transition portion comprises a first set of a plurality of channels A.sub.ij forming part of the first set of fluid pathways P.sub.1 and a second set of a plurality of channels B.sub.ij forming part of the second set of fluid pathways P.sub.2.

(31) The channels A.sub.ij, B.sub.ij of the first and second set extend from an inner end 30a of the outer transition portion 30, facing the inner transition portion 20, through the outer transition portion 30 and out of the outer transition portion 30.

(32) In the outer transition portions 30, the first set of channels A1-5 and/or the second set of channels B1-4 are diverted to extend along a third direction T.sub.3 respectively a fourth direction T.sub.4 extending in parallel with a diversion plane DP defined by the main direction L and the second direction T.sub.2 and being transverse to said shift direction of respective inner transition portion 20. The diversion plane DP is shown in FIG. 2 and is parallel with the plane of the paper of FIG. 1, FIG. 6 and FIGS. 10-11. The shift direction of respective inner transition portion 20 extends along the normal of the diversion plane DP of respective outer transition portion 30. In the embodiment in FIGS. 1 and 6, in the outer transition portions 30, the first set of channels A.sub.ij is diverted to extend along a third direction T.sub.3 and the second set of channels B.sub.ij is diverted to extend along a fourth direction T.sub.4. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, in the outer transition portions 30, the first set of channels A.sub.ij is diverted to extend along a third direction T.sub.3, while the second set of channels B.sub.ij is undiverted. In the embodiments of FIGS. 10 and 11 the second set of channels B.sub.ij extend out of the second end portion 30c of the outer transition portion 30 along a fourth direction T.sub.4 that is parallel to the main direction L.

(33) As shown in FIGS. 1, 6 and 10-11, the third and fourth directions T.sub.3, T.sub.4 are different from each other such that the first set of channels A.sub.ij extend out of the outer transition portion 30 at a first end portion 30b and the second set of channels B.sub.ij extend out of the outer transition portion 30 at a second end portion 30c. The second end portion 30c is separated from the first end portion 30b. In the embodiment in FIGS. 1 and 6 both the third direction T.sub.3 and the fourth direction T.sub.4 are different from the direction from which the channels exit the respective inner transition portion 20, i.e. both the third direction T.sub.3 and the fourth direction T.sub.4 are different from the main direction L. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, both the third direction T.sub.3 and the fourth direction T.sub.4 form an angle in relation to the main direction L of about 45°, such that the third direction T.sub.3 and the fourth direction T.sub.4 are perpendicular to each other, i.e. form an angle of about 90° between themselves. In the embodiments of FIGS. 10 and 11, the third direction T.sub.3 is different from the direction from which the channels exit the inner transition portion 20, while the fourth direction T.sub.4 is the same direction from which the channels exit the inner transition portion 20, i.e. the third direction T.sub.3 is different from the main direction L, while the fourth direction T.sub.4 is the same direction as the main direction L. In FIG. 10, the third direction T.sub.3 form an angle in relation to the main direction L of about 90°, such that the third direction T.sub.3 and the fourth direction T.sub.4 are perpendicular to each other, i.e. form an angle of about 90° between themselves. In FIG. 11, the third direction T.sub.3 form an angle in relation to the main direction L of about 70°, such that the third direction T.sub.3 and the fourth direction T.sub.4 form an angle of about 70° between themselves. The angle between the third direction T.sub.3 and the fourth direction T.sub.4 is preferably be at least 30° to achieve a separation of the third and fourth directions T.sub.3, T.sub.4 during a reasonable long transition path, i.e. to keep the dimensions of the outer transition portion down. Preferably the angle between the third direction T.sub.3 and the fourth direction T.sub.4 is at least 45°, such as at least 60°, such as at least 70°, such as about 90°, to further reduce the size of the outer transition portion.

(34) As shown in FIG. 7, respective end portion 30b, 30c presents a plurality of openings into the channels of one of the first respectively the second set of channels A.sub.ij, B.sub.ij arranged in the line configuration achieved at the outer end 20b of the inner transition portion 20 and closed wall portions where the other set are diverted towards the other end portion 30c, 30b.

(35) As mentioned above, the heat exchanger 1 further comprises four tubular connection portions 40. Each connection portion 40 have a tubular wall portion integrally formed with and extending from an outer envelope surface of respective one of the first and second end portions 30b, 30c of respective outer transition portions 30.

(36) As shown in FIG. 2, the tubular connection portions 40 are circular. The integrally formed part of the connection portions 40 are adapted to receive or to be received into a separately manufactured circular cylindrical secondary connection portion. The secondary connection portion is provided with threads on its outer surface allowing a connecting pipe to be threaded onto or to be held tight against the tubular connection portion using the threads. Alternatively, the connection portions 40 integrally formed with the other parts 10, 20, 30 are provided with threads.

(37) The inner transition portion 20 have a length in the main direction L being at least 3 times a maximum width W of any channel A.sub.ij, B.sub.ij of the checkered pattern in the central body 10. It is considered appropriate if the inner transition portion 20 have a length less than 10 times the maximum width W. It is considered appropriate if each channel in the central body have a maximum width of less than 3 mm, preferably less than 2 mm. It is considered appropriate that the channels have a minimum width of at least 0.1 mm.

(38) In the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the channels have a square cross-section with the sides of 0.5 mm to 2 mm. There are y channels along the first direction T.sub.1 and along the second direction T.sub.2. The wall thickness between the channels may be about 0.05 mm to 0.4 mm. The wall thickness between the outermost channels and the outer surface of the central body may be the same as for the wall thickness but is preferably thicker, such as about 0.5 mm to 2 mm. The inner transition portion have a length of b mm.

(39) As indicated in FIG. 6, each channel A.sub.ij, B.sub.ij in the central body 10 continuing through the inner transition portion 20 and continuing into the outer transition portion 30 continue through the outer transition portion 30 as a separate channel to respective first or second end portion 30b, 30c (in a checkered configuration in the central body 10, in a shifting configuration in the inner transition portion 20 and in a line configuration in the outer transition portion 30).

(40) In FIG. 6, it is also indicated that in the outer transition portion 30, the channels of the first set of channels A.sub.ij and the second set of channels B.sub.ij being diverted to extend along a third direction T.sub.3 respectively a fourth direction T.sub.4 are curved from the direction (typically at least essentially parallel with the main direction and preferably parallel with the main direction) from which they exit the respective inner transition portion 20 to the third respectively the fourth directions T.sub.3, T.sub.4. In the embodiment in FIGS. 10 and 11, in the outer transition portion 30, the channels of the first set of channels A.sub.ij being diverted to extend along a third direction T.sub.3 are curved from the direction (typically at least essentially parallel with the main direction and preferably parallel with the main direction) from which they exit the respective inner transition portion 20 to the third direction T.sub.3. In the embodiment in FIGS. 10 and 11, in the outer transition portion 30, the channels of the second set of channels B.sub.ij are arranged in the same direction (typically at least essentially parallel with the main direction and preferably parallel with the main direction) as they exit the respective inner transition portion 20 to extend out of the outer transition portion along the fourth direction T.sub.4. In other words, the direction of the channels of the second set of channels B.sub.ij is unaffected through the outer transition portion 30. Thus, in the embodiments of FIGS. 10 and 11, the channels of the second set of channels B.sub.ij are straight through the outer transition portion 30.

(41) The central body 10 and the inner transition portion 20, and preferably also the outer transition portion 30 and more preferably also the connection portions 40 are formed by, preferably integrally formed by, additive depositing of a material.

(42) The material is a metallic material, preferably chosen from the group consisting of titanium or titanium based alloys, tantalum or tantalum based alloys, steel or steel based alloys, stainless steel or stainless steel based alloys.

(43) The material is laser or electron sintered during the additive depositing of the metallic material, or sintered in an oven after the additive depositing.

(44) In FIG. 9a and FIG. 9b, there is shown an alternative shape of the channels A.sub.ij, B.sub.ij. In this alternative configuration one set of the channels A.sub.ij; is designed having circular cross-sections and being arranged in a checkered pattern with channels formed in the interspaces between neighbouring circular channels. In this configuration the circular channels have a greater cross-sectional area than the other channels.

(45) Each of the channels of the first set of channels has a first cross-sectional area and each of the channels of the second set of channels has a second cross-sectional area, wherein the first cross-sectional area may be between 1.1-1.5 times, preferably between 1.1-1.25 times, the second cross-sectional area. This way it is possible to accommodate different flows of the different fluids through the heat exchanger.

(46) It is contemplated that there are numerous modifications of the embodiments described herein, which are still within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

(47) It may e.g. be noted that in accordance with one embodiment, the central body is manufactured separately as one entity and the inner and outer transition portions are manufactured as an integrally formed body being adapted to be attached to the central body. In this embodiment it is also preferred that the connection portions are integrally formed with the body comprising the inner and outer transition portions. The central body may e.g. be manufactured separately by an extrusion process.

(48) It may be noted that the central body may be divided into a plurality of separate bodies arranged one after another along the main direction and/or arranged side by side along the first and/or the second transverse direction.

(49) It may also be noted that the central body and/or the inner transition portions and/or the outer transition portions may be manufactured of a polymer based material.

(50) It may also be noted that the central body and/or the inner transition portions and/or the outer transition portions may be manufactured of different materials.