METHOD FOR PRODUCING AT LEAST ONE DISC-SHAPED OR ANNULAR DISC-SHAPED COMPONENT

Abstract

A method for producing at least one disk-shaped or annular disk-shaped component, in particular a disk-shaped or annular disk-shaped wheel, that includes providing at least one blank which has a central axis and is to be machined mechanically, in particular by cutting; arranging or damping the blank in at least one clamping situation in which the central axis of the blank is at an angle to a vertical axis; mechanically machining the clamped blank, in particular by cutting, to produce the disk-shaped or annular disk-shaped component.

Claims

1. A method for producing at least one disk-shaped or annular disk-shaped component, in particular a disk-shaped or annular disk-shaped wheel, comprising: providing at least one blank which has a central axis and is to be machined mechanically, in particular by cutting; arranging or clamping the blank in at least one clamping situation in which the central axis of the blank is at an angle to a vertical axis; mechanically machining the clamped blank, in particular by cutting, to produce the disk-shaped or annular disk-shaped component.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the blank has a disk-shaped or annular disk-shaped geometry.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the blank is clamped in such a way that the central axis of the blank is oriented at an angle between 1 and 179°, in particular between 15 and 175°, and preferably at an angle between 30 and 150° relative to the vertical axis.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the blank is clamped in such a way that the central axis of the blank is oriented at an angle of 90° relative to the vertical axis.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the blank is clamped in a clamping situation in which a mechanical machining is performed at least in sections, in particular a complete mechanical machining, of a surface of the blank parallel to a central plane of the blank, and a mechanical machining is performed at least in sections, in particular a complete mechanical machining, of the outer circumference of the blank.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the blank is clamped in the clamping situation via clamping elements engaging a portion of the inside diameter of the blank, in particular an axially protruding or recessed portion.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the blank is clamped in a plurality of different clamping situations.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the blank is clamped in a first clamping situation in which a mechanical machining is performed at least in sections, in particular a complete mechanical machining, of a surface of the blank lying parallel to a central plane of the blank.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the blank in the first clamping situation is clamped via clamping elements engaging the outer circumference of the blank.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the blank is clamped in a second clamping situation in which a mechanical machining is performed at least in sections, in particular a complete mechanical machining, of the outer circumference of the blank.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the blank is clamped in the second clamping situation via clamping elements engaging a portion of the inside diameter of the blank, in particular an axially protruding or recessed portion.

12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the blank from a first clamping situation, in which the central axis of the blank is at an angle to the vertical axis, is transferred into at least one further clamping situation, in which the central axis of the blank is at an angle to the vertical axis.

13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of blanks to be mechanically machined, in particular by cutting, are provided which have a central axis, wherein a first blank initially is clamped in a first clamping situation, in which the central axis of the first blank is at an angle to the vertical axis, and in a first mechanical machining step is mechanically machined at least in sections in the first clamping situation and after completion of the first mechanical machining step is transferred into a second clamping situation, in which the central axis of the first blank is at an angle to the vertical axis, is clamped therein and in a second mechanical machining step is mechanically machined at least in sections, and during or after clamping of the first blank in the second clamping situation, a further blank is clamped in the first clamping situation and in a first mechanical machining step is mechanically machined at least in sections in the first clamping situation and after completion of the first mechanical machining step is transferred into the second or a further clamping situation, in which the central axis of the further blank is at an angle to the vertical axis, is clamped therein, and in a second mechanical machining step is mechanically machined at least in sections.

14. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of blanks to be mechanically machined, in particular by cutting, are provided which have a central axis, wherein a first blank initially is clamped in a first clamping situation, in which the central axis of the first blank is at an angle to the vertical axis, and in a first mechanical machining step is mechanically machined at least in sections in the first clamping situation and after completion of the first mechanical machining step is transferred into a second clamping situation, in which the central axis of the first blank is at an angle to the vertical axis, is clamped therein and in a second mechanical machining step is mechanically machined at least in sections, and a further blank is initially clamped in a second clamping situation, in which the central axis of the further blank is at an angle to the vertical axis, and is mechanically machined at least in sections in a first mechanical machining step in the second clamping situation, wherein after completion of the first mechanical machining step of the first blank in the first clamping situation and of the first mechanical machining step of the further blank in the second clamping situation, the first blank is transferred into the second clamping situation, clamped therein and is mechanically machined at least in sections in a second mechanical machining step, and, after completion of the first mechanical machining step of the further blank in the second clamping situation and of the first mechanical machining step of the first blank in the first clamping situation, the further blank is transferred into the first clamping situation, clamped therein and is mechanically machined at least in sections in a second mechanical machining step.

15. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a wheel for a rail vehicle, in particular a train wheel, is produced.

16. A machining center for the mechanical machining, in particular cutting, of a blank to be machined, in particular cut, for the production of a disk-shaped or annular disk-shaped component, in particular according to the method of claim 1, characterized by: at least one clamping device, which is configured to clamp a blank to be mechanically machined in at least one clamping situation, in which the central axis of the blank to be mechanically machined, in particular cut, is at an angle to a vertical axis, at least one mechanical machining device which is configured to mechanically machine at least in sections a blank clamped in the clamping situation.

Description

[0047] The invention is explained in reference to embodiments in the drawings, in which:

[0048] FIG. 1, 2 are each a schematic diagram of a blank clamped in a clamping situation in accordance with the method according to an embodiment; and

[0049] FIG. 3, 4 are each a schematic diagram of a machining center used to carry out the method according to an embodiment.

[0050] FIG. 1, 2 are each a schematic diagram of a blank 1 clamped in a clamping situation AS according to an embodiment. The clamping of the blank 1 in the clamping situations AS shown in FIG. 1, 2 is performed within the framework of implementing a method for producing a component 2 in the form of a disk-shaped or annular disk. The component 2 to be produced according to the method is, in particular, a drive wheel for rail vehicles, i.e. a train wheel, in particular a train wheel for high-speed trains.

[0051] The method described in connection with the embodiments shown in the figures comprises the following steps:

[0052] In a first step of the method, at least one blank 1 to be machined mechanically, i.e. by cutting, is provided. In the embodiments shown in the figures, the blank 1 has a rotationally symmetrical, annular disk-shaped geometry with a middle or central recess 3. The central axis of the blank 1 is labeled “ZA”; it can be seen that the central axis ZA of the blank 1 is identical to the axis of symmetry of the blank 1 labeled “SA.” The disk plane of the blank 1, which is oriented perpendicular to the central axis ZA and thus traversed by the central axis ZA of the blank 1 at a right angle, is denoted by “SE.” The following statements apply analogously to a (purely) disk-shaped blank 1, i.e. a blank 1 which does not have a middle or central recess 3.

[0053] According to the method, a metallic blank 1, i.e., for example, a cast or forged part, is typically provided; accordingly, the component 2 to be produced according to the method is a metallic component.

[0054] The blank 1 is clamped in a second step of the method following the first step in at least one clamping situation AS (see in particular FIG. 1, 2). It can be seen from the figure that the blank 1 is clamped in a clamping situation AS in which the central axis ZA of the blank 1 is at an angle to a vertical axis VA or plane VE (this or they can be defined, for example, by a vertical machine axis of a machining center 4 used to carry out the method) and thus (apart from a possible intersection) is outside a vertical axis VE or plane VE. According to the method, the blank 1 is arranged in the clamping situation AS so that the central axis ZA of the blank 1 is at an angle to the vertical axis VA or plane VE and thus in particular not parallel to the vertical axis VA or plane VE. In the clamping situation AS, the disk plane SE of the blank 1 is inclined at an angle or tilted with respect to a horizontal axis HA or plane HE (this or they can be defined e.g. by a horizontal machine axis of a machining center 4 used to carry out the method).

[0055] As can be seen, the blank 1 in the embodiments shown in the figures is clamped in such a way that the central axis ZA of the blank 1 is at an angle α between 1 and 179°, in particular between 15 and 175°, preferably at an angle α between 30 and 150°, namely specifically oriented at an angle of 90° relative to the vertical axis VA or plane VE. The central axis ZA of the blank 1 is correspondingly oriented horizontally in the clamping situation AS, the disk plane SE of the blank 1 correspondingly vertically. The central axis ZA of the blank 1 in the clamping situation AS is thus typically oriented coaxially or concentrically to a machining axis BA of a machining center 4 used to carry out the method (see FIG. 3, 4).

[0056] The described angularly inclined or tilted arrangement or orientation of the blank 1 relative to the vertical axis VA or plane VE results in a number of advantages for the mechanical machining of the blank 1 and thus for the production of the component 2 to be produced according to the method. These advantages are in particular that it becomes more difficult or not possible at all for machining-related removed materials, i.e. in particular chips, and/or cooling liquid, to accumulate on the blank 1 to be machined. This also results in it being more difficult or not at all possible to (substantially) improve the cooling effect and thus the efficiency of cooling of the blank 1 during its mechanical machining over that of the cooling liquid typically used on the blank 1; i.e. it can in particular collect on a surface of the blank 1 that is parallel to the disk plane SE of the blank 1 and heat up there. The mechanical machining process of the blank 1 can also be better (optically) observed; so that there are also advantages with regard to a process monitoring that is to be implemented or has been implemented.

[0057] The clamping of the blank 1 in the clamping situation AS is performed in the embodiments shown in the figures via at least one clamping device 5 comprising a plurality of clamping elements 6, i.e., for example, clamping jaws, i.e., for example, a chuck of a machining center 4 used to carry out the method. The clamping device 5 is therefore configured to clamp the blank 1 in the described clamping situation AS.

[0058] In a third step of the method following the second step, the mechanical machining of the blank 1 clamped in the clamping situation AS is performed in order to produce the component 2. The mechanical machining of the blank 1 is based, in particular, on data relating to the final geometry of the component 2 to be produced, so that the component 2 is produced close to the final contour or conforming exactly the final contour. The mechanical machining of the blank 1 comprises at least one mechanical machining step involving cutting or chipping. The mechanical machining of the blank 1 can therefore be performed, for example, by drilling and/or turning and/or milling or include drilling and/or turning and/or milling.

[0059] The mechanical machining of the blank 1 is performed via at least one mechanical machining device 8 comprising at least one mechanical machining tool 7, i.e. in particular a drilling and/or turning and/or milling tool, i.e. in particular a drilling and/or turning and/or milling unit of a machining center 4 used to carry out the method (see FIG. 3, 4). A corresponding mechanical machining device 8 can, depending on the specific configuration, be movably mounted in at least a degree of freedom of movement—this can be a translational degree of freedom of movement along at least one translation axis and/or a rotational degree of freedom of movement about at least one axis of rotation—relative to the blank 1 clamped in the clamping situation AS. Corresponding degrees of freedom of movement or translation or rotation axes are indicated in FIG. 3, 4 by the axes x, y and z.

[0060] FIG. 1, 2 show that the or a blank 1 can be clamped in a plurality of different clamping situations AS. Each clamping situation AS is characterized in that at least one clamping element 6 of at least one clamping device 5 engages a section of the blank 1 to form a clamping of the blank 1. The blank 1, as shown in FIG. 1, 2, is clamped in particular clamping situations AS in such a way that the central axis ZA of the blank 1 is at an angle, i.e. is perpendicular in the embodiments shown in the figures, to the vertical axis VA or plane VE. In each clamping situation AS, a specific, in particular exposed and thus mechanically machinable section of the blank 1 is machined. Each clamping situation AS thus typically correlates with a specific machining situation BS of the blank 1.

[0061] FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary clamping situation in which a mechanical machining at least in sections, in particular a complete mechanical machining, of the outer circumference of the blank 1, i.e. a lateral surface of the blank 1 that forms the outer circumference, is performed or can be performed (see the curved brackets indicating the machinable region). Such a mechanical machining can mean a mechanical machining of the blank 1 being performed axially with respect to the annular disk-shaped geometry of the blank 1 in relation to the central axis ZA of the blank 1, so that the blank 1 is provided, for example, with a specific outer circumferential contour, in particular one that forms the running surfaces of a wheel to be manufactured, in particular by turning and/or milling. A machining of the blank 1 clamped in the first clamping situation can therefore be used to machine the outer contour or the lateral surface of the component 2 to be manufactured, i.e. in particular the area of the running surfaces of a wheel to be manufactured.

[0062] FIG. 1 shows that In the first example of a clamping situation, the blank 1 can be clamped via clamping elements 6 engaging, in particular axially, a section 9 of the inner diameter of the blank, in some cases shoulder-like, protruding, or recessed, for example, in the manner of a borehole 9. The blank 1 can be clamped in the first clamping situation via clamping elements 6 that engage a surface of the blank 1 lying parallel to the disk plane SE, i.e., for example, an upper or lower side of the blank 1. Clamping jaws engaging, for example, the inner diameter or a corresponding surface are contemplated as clamping elements 6 used in the first clamping situation to clamp the blank 1. As can be seen, a plurality of clamping jaws can be used that are distributed, preferably evenly, about the circumference and are arranged such that centering of the blank 1 in the first clamping situation is possible.

[0063] In the clamping situation shown in FIG. 1, a mechanical machining at least in sections, in particular a complete mechanical machining, of a surface of the blank 1 lying parallel to the disk plane SE, i.e. for example an upper or lower side of the blank 1, can also be performed. Such a mechanical machining can mean a mechanical machining of the blank 1 performed axially with respect to the (annular) disk-shaped geometry of the blank 1, so that the blank 1 is thereby provided, for example, with axially penetrating through holes or blind holes by drilling. Alternatively or additionally, such mechanical machining can mean mechanical machining of the blank 1 performed radially with respect to the (annular) disk-shaped geometry of the blank 1, so that the blank 1 is provided, for example, with radially extending, in particular annular, recesses. With a corresponding mechanical machining of the inside diameter or in the region of the inside diameter of the blank 1, in some cases a formation of a middle or central recess of the blank 1 can also be understood as being made, for example, by drilling and/or milling, so that a disk-shaped blank 1 is converted into an annular disk-shaped blank 1. A targeted change in the cross-sectional geometry of the blank 1 is possible.

[0064] Furthermore, in the clamping situation shown in FIG. 1 a mechanical machining of the outer circumference of the blank 1, i.e. a lateral surface of the blank 1 that forms the outer circumference, can be performed. Such a machining can mean a machining of the blank 1 being performed axially with respect to the (annular) disk-shaped geometry of the blank 1 (in relation to the central axis ZA of the blank 1), so that a the blank 1 is provided, for example, with a specific outer circumferential contour, in particular one that forms the running surfaces of a wheel to be manufactured, in particular by turning and/or milling. Mechanical machining of the blank 1 clamped in the clamping situation shown in FIG. 1 can therefore (also) be used to machine the outer contour or the lateral surface of the disk-shaped or annular disk-shaped component to be produced, i.e. in particular of the region of the running surfaces of a wheel to be produced. A targeted change in the cross-sectional geometry of the blank 1 is also possible here.

[0065] FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary clamping situation of the blank 1, in which a mechanical machining at least in sections, in particular a complete mechanical machining, of a surface of the blank 1 lying parallel to the disk plane SE, i.e., for example, an upper or lower side of the blank 1, is performed or can be performed (see the curved brackets indicating the machinable area). Such a mechanical machining can mean a mechanical machining of the blank 1 performed axially with respect to the annular disk-shaped geometry of the blank 1, so that the blank 1 is provided, in particular by drilling, with through holes that axially penetrate it or blind holes, for example. Alternatively or additionally, such a mechanical machining can mean a mechanical machining of the blank 1 performed radially with respect to the annular disk-shaped geometry of the blank 1, so that the blank 1 is provided, for example, with radially extending, in particular annular, recesses. With a corresponding mechanical machining of the inside diameter or in the region of the inside diameter of the blank 1, in some cases a formation of a middle or central recess of the blank 1 can also be understood as being made for a disk-shaped blank 1, for example, by drilling and/or milling, so that a disk-shaped blank 1 is converted into an annular disk-shaped blank 1.

[0066] FIG. 2 shows that the blank 1 can be clamped in the second exemplary clamping situation via clamping elements 6 engaging the outer circumference of the blank 1 or a lateral surface of the blank 1 that forms the outer circumference. Clamping jaws engaging, for example, the outer circumference or the lateral surface that forms the outer circumference are contemplated as the clamping elements 6 used to clamp the blank 1 in the second exemplary clamping situation. In particular, a plurality of clamping jaws arranged distributed, preferably evenly, about the outer circumference can be used. The clamping jaws can be arranged in such a way that it is possible to center the blank 1 in the second clamping situation.

[0067] FIG. 1, 2 thus show that a blank 1 can be clamped and mechanically machined in a plurality of different clamping situations AS. Each clamping situation AS is correlated with a specific machining situation. In each clamping or machining situation, the sections of the clamped blank 1 that are exposed therein can be machined.

[0068] FIG. 3 shows a basic illustration of a machining center 4 which can be used or is used for carrying out the method according to an embodiment. The machining center 4 comprises a clamping device 5, which is configured to clamp a mechanically machined blank 1 in a clamping situation AS in which the central axis ZA of the blank is at an angle to a vertical axis VA or plane VE, as well as at least one mechanical machining device 8, which comprises at least one mechanical machining tool 7, i.e., for example, a drilling and/or turning and/or milling tool, i.e., for example, a drilling and/or turning and/or milling device which is configured to mechanically machine a blank 1, at least in sections, that is clamped in the clamping situation AS. Also shown is an optional blank storage 10, via which blanks 1 to be machined mechanically can be made available by means of the machining center 4. The blanks 1 can be drawn from the blank storage 10 via a handling device 11 designed as a single or multi-axis handling robot and fed to a machining room 12 of the machining center 4, clamped there accordingly and mechanically machined.

[0069] It can be seen from FIG. 3 that the vertical axis VA or plane VE with respect to which blanks 1 can be clamped or have been clamped at an angle according to the method is typically oriented perpendicular to a (horizontal) machining or machine axis MA of the machining center 4.

[0070] With reference to FIG. 3, it can also be explained that, in the clamping situation shown there or a corresponding clamping situation, both a mechanical machining of a surface of the blank 1 lying parallel to a central plane, i.e. for an (annular) disk-shaped blank 1 parallel to a disk plane, i.e. an upper or lower side of the blank 1, and a mechanical machining of the outer circumference of the blank 1 can be performed. Sections of the blank 1 that cannot be machined or can be machined in the clamping situation can be machined mechanically in one of the same clamping situation. For this purpose, a rotary or turning movement of the blank 1 mechanically machined in sections is required. The blank 1 mechanically machined in sections can be moved, rotated or turned out of the clamping situation after mechanical machining in the clamping situation—this is in particular a 180° rotation or turn—and moved back into the (same) clamping situation and clamped again in order to then machine the remaining not yet mechanically machined sections. The blank 1 can then be clamped on opposite section of the blank 1; in the renewed clamping of the blank in the clamping situation in comparison to the first or previous clamping, the clamping elements 6 engage opposite section of the blank 1 in the clamping situation.

[0071] For this purpose, a suitable handling of the blank 1 mechanically machined in sections may be required, and this can be implemented, for example, via a handling device 11, i.e. in particular a robot device. The handling device 11 can therefore be configured to remove a blank 1 which has already been mechanically machined in sections from the clamping situation, to rotate or turn it, and to transfer it back into the (same) clamping situation.

[0072] FIG. 4 shows a basic illustration of a machining center 4 which can be used or is used for carrying out the method according to a further embodiment. In contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the machining center 4 shown in FIG. 4 has a plurality of machining spaces 12a, 12b, in each of which a mechanical machining of a blank 1 is possible. It can be seen that each machining space 12a, 12b therefore has its own mechanical machining device 8.

[0073] In reference to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, it can be explained that a blank 1 from a first clamping situation AS or first machining situation, in which the central axis ZA of the blank 1 is at an angle to the vertical axis VA or plane VE, can be transferred into at least one further clamping situation AS2 or further machining situation, in which the central axis ZA of the blank 1 is at an angle to the vertical axis VA or plane VE. This opens up the possibility of providing a plurality of blanks 1 and of machining them at least in part simultaneously.

[0074] In reference to the machining center 4 shown in FIG. 4 comprising two separate machining rooms 12a, 12b, it is possible, for example, that a first blank 1 to be mechanically machined is initially clamped in a first clamping situation AS1 in which the central axis ZA of the first blank 1 is at an angle to the vertical axis VA or plane VE, and is mechanically machined at least in sections in a first mechanical machining step in the first clamping situation AS1 (see. FIG. 4). After completion of the first mechanical machining step, the first blank 1, which has already been machined in sections, can be transferred into a second clamping situation AS2 (different from the first clamping situation AS1) in which the central axis ZA of the first blank 1 is again at an angle to the vertical axis VA or plane V2, clamped therein and in a second mechanical machining step can be transferred mechanically machined at least in sections. A second blank 1 to be mechanically machined in the first clamping situation AS1 can be clamped during or after clamping of the first blank 2 in the second clamping situation AS2 and can be mechanically machined at least in sections in a first mechanical machining step in the first clamping situation. After completion of the first mechanical machining step, the second blank 1, which has already been machined in sections, can be transferred to the second clamping situation AS2, clamped therein and mechanically machined at least in sections in a second mechanical machining step. This typically occurs only when the first blank 1 has left the second clamping situation AS2, i.e. the second mechanical machining step of the first blank 1 in the second clamping situation AS2 has been completed. Mechanical machining of a plurality of blanks 1 can therefore be performed in succession in time in a plurality of clamping situations AS1, AS2, i.e. machining of a plurality of blanks 1 in a plurality of clamping situations AS1, AS2 one after the other. The second mechanical machining step of the first blank 1 can be performed at least in part simultaneously with the first mechanical machining step of the second blank 1 (and vice versa).

[0075] It is also possible that a first blank 1 to be mechanically machined is initially clamped in a first clamping situation AS1, in which the central axis ZA of the first blank 1 is at an angle to the vertical axis VA or plane VE, and is mechanically machined at least in sections in a first mechanical machining step in the first clamping situation AS1. After completion of the first mechanical machining step, the blank 1, which has already been mechanically machined in sections, can be transferred into a second clamping situation AS2, in which the central axis ZA of the first blank 1 is again at an angle to the vertical axis VA or plane VE, clamped therein and in a second mechanical machining step can be mechanically machined at least in sections. A second blank 1 to be mechanically machined can initially be clamped in the second clamping situation AS2 and in a first mechanical machining step be mechanically machined at least in sections in the second clamping situation AS2. After completion of the first mechanical machining step of the first blank 1 in the first clamping situation and after completion of the first mechanical machining step of the second blank 1 in the second clamping situation AS2, the first blank 1 can be transferred to the second clamping situation AS2, clamped therein and be mechanically machined at least in sections in a second mechanical machining step, and after completion of the first mechanical machining step of the second blank 1 in the second clamping situation AS2 and the first mechanical machining step of the first blank 1 in the first clamping situation AS1, the second blank 1 can be transferred to the first clamping situation AS1, clamped therein and be mechanically machined at least in sections in a second mechanical machining step. A simultaneous mechanical machining of the blanks 1 can therefore be performed in respective clamping situations AS1, AS2. The blanks 1 machined at least in sections in the respective first machining steps can then swap their respective first clamping situations AS1, AS2 and, after clamping in respective second clamping situations AS1, AS2, can be subjected to respective second mechanical machining steps. The first mechanical machining step of the first blank 1 can therefore be performed at the same time as the first mechanical machining step of the second blank 1. The second mechanical machining step of the first blank 1 can therefore also be performed at the same time as the second mechanical machining step of the second blank 1.

[0076] From the above it follows that each clamping situation AS1, AS2 is assigned a machining device 8 which is configured to carry out a mechanical machining of a clamped blank 1 to be carried out in the respective clamping situation AS1, AS2 or the machining situation correlated therewith. For this purpose, the machining device 8 assigned to the respective clamping situation AS1, AS2 can be movably supported in at least a degree of freedom of movement relative to the blank 1 clamped in the respective clamping situation AS1, AS2. Alternatively or additionally, however, it is also conceivable in principle that the blank 1 clamped in the respective clamping situation AS1, AS2 in at least a degree of freedom of movement, i.e., for example, a degree of freedom of movement along a translation axis and/or about an axis of rotation, is movably mounted relative to the mechanical machining device 8 associated with the respective clamping situation AS1, AS2.

[0077] The transfer of a blank 1, in some cases already mechanically machined at least in sections, from a first clamping situation AS1 to the second clamping situation AS2 (or vice versa) can be carried out using a handling device 11 that already includes one or more handling elements in connection with the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, i.e. for example a handling robot. The handling device 11 is therefore configured to transfer a blank 1, in some cases already mechanically machined at least in sections, from the first clamping situation AS2 into the second clamping situation AS2 (or vice versa).

[0078] Although not shown in the figures, a clamping of the blank 1 in a tilted or inclined orientation relative to the vertical axis VA or plane VE would also be conceivable; the central axis ZA of the blank 1, which is inclined here with respect to the vertical axis VA or plane VE, would be oriented at an angle α between 1 and 179°, in particular between 15 and 175°, preferably at an angle α between 30 and 150°.