Medical treatment system and method of use

Abstract

A medical treatment system including a treatment chamber, a source of an aqueous mist containing a medication, a source of an oxygen-enriched gas, and a control system adapted to alternately surround a human body part with a mist containing a medication and the oxygen enriched gas, which can be used to treat various skin disorders including infected lesions, bacterial infections such as acne (i.e. Proplanibacterium acnes), fungal infections such as Athelete's foot (i.e. fungal genus Trichophyton), conditions associated with hair loss including alopecia as well as ulcerations and frostbite resulting form poor circulation. A method of treating skin disorders is also disclosed, that includes providing a mist containing a medication and enriched oxygen gas to the site being treated its well as providing oxygen to the patient during treatment.

Claims

1. A variable hyperoxia treatment apparatus, comprising: a humidifier in fluid communication with a fluid source configured to contain a fluid and a medication reservoir configured to contain a medication, the humidifier configured to generate a mist from the fluid and the medication, and the humidifier positioned within a portable housing and in fluid communication with a mist dispensing port; an oxygen concentrator positioned within the portable housing and comprising an oxygen receiving port for receiving oxygen from an oxygen source and an oxygen dispensing port; a treatment chamber remotely located from the portable housing, the treatment chamber comprising a substantially gas impermeable liner configured to receive a human body part and form a treatment zone around the human body part; and tubing connecting the treatment chamber to the mist dispensing port and the oxygen dispensing port.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the human body part comprises a foot, and the treatment chamber comprises a bag configured to surround the foot.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the treatment chamber comprises an opening configured to sealingly engage with the body part.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a controller in communication with the humidifier and the oxygen concentrator, the controller configured to: in a first step, introduce the mist into the treatment chamber to surround the body part with the mist; and in a second step, introduce oxygen into the treatment chamber to surround the body part with oxygen.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the controller is configured to alternately repeat the first step and the second step.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the medication is an antibiotic.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the antibiotic comprises ionic silver.

8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the antibiotic is selected from the group consisting of betadine, isopropyl alcohol, bacitracin, hydrogen peroxide, and combinations thereof.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fluid comprises water.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the treatment chamber further comprises ultraviolet (UV) and/or infrared (IR) light sources configured to illuminate the body part with UV and/or IR light.

11. A method for treating a wound, comprising: enclosing a human limb having a wound into a treatment chamber, the treatment chamber comprising a substantially gas impermeable liner configured to receive the human limb body part and form a treatment zone around the wound; connecting the treatment chamber to a portable housing with tubing, the portable housing comprising: a humidifier in fluid communication with a fluid source configured to contain a fluid and a medication reservoir configured to contain a medication, the humidifier configured to generate a mist from the fluid and the medication, and an oxygen concentrator comprising an oxygen receiving port for receiving oxygen from an oxygen source and an oxygen dispensing port; surrounding the wound in the treatment chamber with the mist from the humidifier; and surrounding the wound in the treatment chamber with oxygen from the oxygen concentrator.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein surrounding the limb in the treatment chamber with oxygen from the oxygen concentrator comprises surrounding the limb in the treatment chamber with oxygen from the oxygen concentrator without increasing the pressure around the limb to 22 mm Hg.

13. The method of claim 11, further comprising illuminating the wound with ultraviolet (UV) and/or infrared (IR) light sources positioned in the treatment chamber.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising connecting electrical wiring that extends along the tubing power the ultraviolet (UV) and/or infrared (IR) light sources.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein the human limb comprises a foot, and the treatment chamber comprises a bag configured to surround the foot.

16. The method of claim 11, further comprising sealing an opening of the treatment chamber with the human limb.

17. The method of claim 11, further comprising alternatingly repeating the surrounding the wound in the treatment chamber with the mist from the humidifier and the surrounding the wound in the treatment chamber with oxygen from the oxygen concentrator.

18. The method of claim 11, wherein the medication is an antibiotic.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the antibiotic comprises ionic silver.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein the antibiotic is selected from the group consisting of betadine, isopropyl alcohol, bacitracin, hydrogen peroxide, and combinations thereof.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) These and other features and advantages will be apparent from the following more particular description thereof, presented in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional view of a wound treatment system.

(3) FIG. 2 is a is an illustration of a control panel of a wound treatment system.

(4) FIG. 3A is another three-dimensional view of the wound treatment system depicted in FIG. 1.

(5) FIG. 3B is a three dimensional view of the wound treatment system depicted in FIG. 1 with patient being treated.

(6) FIG. 4A is a three dimensional view of a lid assembly of a wound treatment system.

(7) FIG. 4B is a three dimensional view of a treatment vessel of a wound treatment system.

(8) FIG. 5 is a side exploded view of a treatment vessel of a wound treatment system.

(9) FIG. 6A is a front transparency view of the treatment vessel depicted in FIG. 5.

(10) FIG. 6B is a top view of the wound treatment tank depicted in FIG. 5.

(11) FIG. 7A is a front transparency view of a wound treatment chamber.

(12) FIG. 7B is a bottom view of the wound treatment chamber depicted in FIG. 7B.

(13) FIG. 8A is a rear view of a wound treatment system with a rear panel removed.

(14) FIG. 8B is another rear view of the wound treatment system depicted in FIG. 8B further depicting a humidifier.

(15) FIG. 9A is a front transparency view of a water reservoir used in a wound treatment system.

(16) FIG. 9B is a side transparency view of the water reservoir depicted in FIG. 9A.

(17) FIG. 10 is a side transparency view of one aspect of the variable hyperoxia therapy treatment system showing separation of the electrical components from the components that receive and dispense oxygen, an oxygen concentrator for collecting and administering oxygen to the liner and/or patient during treatment and the liner with separate openings and one-way valves for receiving mist from the humidifier and oxygen from the oxygen concentrator.

(18) FIG. 11 shows optional adapters that may be connected to the variable hyperoxia therapy treatment system in FIG. 10 to treat areas of the body that cannot be inserted into the central chamber of the device such as the back and scalp.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(19) The apparatus, systems, and methods described therein provide hyperbaric oxygen to open, chronic wounds as an adjunct therapy in wound management and treatment. In addition, per determination by the healthcare providers that use the described apparatus, systems, and methods, they can also provide mild heat, gentle massage, infrared and ultraviolet light therapy, moisture therapy, and application of antibacterial agents. These features are intended to promote the rate of healing and suppression of bacterial growth.

(20) Turning to FIG. 1, a wound treatment system 10 is shown, which generally includes a topical oxygen chamber for limbs and is intended to surround a patient's limb and apply humidified water, antibacterial agent, and oxygen topically at a pressure slightly greater than atmospheric pressure. The wound treatment system 10 includes a rectangular, rigid plastic carriage 15 having a treatment vessel 800 forming a chamber 810 (shown in FIG. 5) that is sized to accommodate a patient's limb, particularly a patient's foot and a portion of the leg up to the knee. A padded leg rest 18 supports the patient's leg during treatment sessions. The system also includes a control panel 30, a cart 40 housing a first reservoir 600 for water, an adiabatic humidifier 400 that holds a solution of water and antibacterial agent, a water pump 500 (all shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B), and a control box (beneath the control panel) that houses the circuit boards that control the system 10. A mist control valve unit 50) is attached to a back panel of the cart 40. A hose 70 connects the mist control valve unit 50 to the vessel 20, and one or more hoses 71 connect the humidifier 400 to the mist control valve unit 50.

(21) Covering the vessel 800 is a lid assembly 60 (shown in FIGS. 1 and 4A) that includes a first lower lid 61 that is hinged to the vessel 800 at the proximal end 64 of the vessel 800 opposite the end abutting the back panel of the cart 40. The lower lid 61 includes a circular opening 161 that provides access to a chamber 810 formed inside the vessel.

(22) The lid assembly 60, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4A, also includes a second upper lid that is formed by two opposing covers 62 and 63. Cover 62 covers the distal side 6 of the vessel 800 and cover 63 covers the proximal side 65 of the vessel 800. The covers 62 and 63 are completely removable from the top of the vessel 800. The distal side of cover 63 forms a half circular indentation that is matched by a half circular indentation in the proximal side of cover 62 so that when the distal side of cover 63 and the proximal side of cover 62 join, a round opening 169 is formed when the covers 62 and 63 are secured over lid 61. Each cover 62 and 63 has a raised half circular wall 67 and 68 projecting vertically from its top surface around its corresponding half circular indentation. When the covers are joined as shown in FIG. 1, the walls 67 and 68 join to form a cylinder 69. The round opening 169 formed when the half circular indentations are joined is concentric with the circular opening 161 of the lower lid 61 so that a patient's limb can project down through the cylinder 69, through opening 169 formed by the covers 62 and 63, through opening 161 of the lower lid 61, and into the chamber 830 of the vessel 20.

(23) An oxygen inlet port 77 on the cover 62 (or alternatively cover 63) receives a hose 78 connected to an oxygen source, such as an oxygen tank or a central oxygen source in a hospital. The inlet port 77 can include a fitting (not shown) to sealingly secure the hose 78 to the cover 62. The cover 62 includes a vapor inlet port 72 that receives the hose 70. The vapor inlet port 72 can include a fitting 73 to sealingly secure the hose 70 to the vapor inlet port 72. Either of the covers 62 or 63 can also include a temperature sensor 92, a humidity sensor 94, and a pressure sensor 96, each of which are in fluid communication with a treatment zone formed by a treatment bag 100 sealed to the lid 61 of the vessel (FIG. 4B). The cart 40 includes wheels 41 at each corner to mobilize the system 10.

(24) As shown in FIG. 2, the control panel 30 includes a display with various knobs and switches that controls the operation of the wound treatment system 10. The panel includes controls 130 that control the humidifier, controls 140 that control an array of ultraviolet light emitting diodes (LEDs) 310 (see FIGS. 4A and 4B) controls 150 that control an array or board of infrared light 880 (see FIGS. 4B, 6A, and 7A) and an audio transducer or speaker 870 (see FIGS. 5, 6A. 7A, and 7B), controls 160 that control a water pump 500) (see FIG. 8A), and controls 170 that control the master power for the system 10.

(25) The humidifier functions of the system are controlled by controls 130, which include at least some of the following: an on/off switch 131 that turns on the humidifier function; a button 132 that can be used to manually activate or open the mist control valve unit 50 and that illuminates when the mist control valve unit 50 is open and allowing the flow of therapeutic mist into the chamber 830; a button 133 that opens an electronic oxygen flow valve in the tubing 78 connected to the oxygen source and illuminates when the oxygen flow valve is open and allowing oxygen flow into the chamber 810; an auto/manual switch 134 that sets the humidifier function to either manual operation or auto operation; a mist timer knob 135 that is used to set the amount of time for mist flow into the chamber 810; and an oxygen timer knob 136 that sets the amount of time for oxygen flow into the chamber 810.

(26) The UV functions of the system is controlled by controls 140, which include at least some of the following: an on/off switch 141 that turns on the UV function; a foot in button 142 that illuminates when the patient inserts his foot through the opening 169—the collar 300 can have a sensor 360 that senses the foot and sends a signal back to the control box to activate the UV LEDS; a UV on button 143 that can be depressed to manually activate the UV LEDS 310 and that illuminates when the UV LEDS 310 are activated; an auto/manual switch 144 that sets the UV function to either manual operation or auto operation; and an UV timer knob 145 that sets the amount of time that the UV LEDS will remain on once they are activated.

(27) The IR/Audio functions of the system is controlled by controls 150, which include at least some of the following: an on/off switch 151 that turns on the IR/Audio function; an IR button 152 that can be used to manually activate the IR LEDS and that illuminates when the IR LEDS and speaker are operating; an Audio, button 153 that can be used to manually activate the speaker or audio transducer and that illuminates when the speaker is operating; an auto/manual switch 154 that sets the IR/Audio function to either manual operation or auto operation; and a timer knob 155 that sets the amount of time that the IR LEDS and speaker will remain on once they are activated.

(28) The pump control functions of the system is controlled by controls 160, which include at least some of the following: an an/off switch 161 that turns on the pump control function; a drain button 162 that can be used to manually operate the timing of drainage of the chamber 810 and that illuminates when the chamber 810 is draining; a fill button 163 that can be used to manually operate the timing of filling the chamber 810 with warm water and that illuminates when the chamber is filling with water; and an auto/manual switch 164 that sets the pump control function to either manual operation or auto operation.

(29) The master control buttons 170 include at least some of the following: a master control switch 171 that turns the system on and off; a start button 171 that is used to start the operation of the system and that illuminates when the system is operating; and a stop button 172 that can be depressed to prematurely stop the operation of the system.

(30) In one embodiment, the control panel 30 also includes a thermostat (not shown) that is electrically coupled to a submergible water heater 680 (see FIG. 9A) that is located in the water reservoir tank 600. The thermostat can be used to control the temperature of the water that is pumped from the water reservoir tank 600 into the chamber 810.

(31) In operation, the system 10 works by switching the master power switch 170 to the on position, which turns the system on and puts the system in ready mode. The healthcare provider then decides which of the functions will be used in the specific regimen for the particular patient. Depending on the patient and the ailment, the regimen may provide for operation of all of the functions, or just some of the functions. For example, a regimen may call for warming the limb with injection of warm water into the chamber and then treating the wound with the antibiotic mist, but may not require infrared treatment and low frequency sound vibrations. Thus, all of the on/off switches would be switched to the one position except for the IR/Audio control switch 151, which would remain in the off position. When operating under normal conditions, all of the functions can be turned on by switching all of the on/off switches to the on position. This sets all of the functions to ready mode. The mist timer knob 135 and oxygen timer knob 136 can then be set to operate for the appropriate amount of time. According to one embodiment, the mist can be set at about fifteen minutes, while the oxygen is set at about five minutes. The UV timer knob 145 is set to operate for an appropriate amount of time. According to one embodiment, the UV timer is set to operate for less than 5 seconds, less than 4 seconds, less than 3 seconds, less than 2 seconds, or less than 1 second. The IR/Audio timer can be set to operate for a period of time coinciding with the warm water bath of the limb, which is when the chamber is filled with warm water, which warms the limb. This period can last from about one minute to about ten minutes or more. All of the auto/manual switches can be set to auto for a predetermined and default regimen. Next the healthcare provider depresses the start button 171, which begins the regimen.

(32) According to one embodiment, when all of the functions are in operation and auto nodes, and the start button 171 is depressed, the system operates as follows. First the system waits for the sensor 360 to detect the insertion of a limb of a patient P, as shown in FIG. 3B into the chamber 810. After the wound in the limb is cleaned, the limb is inserted through the opening 169 of the covers 62 and 63 and the opening 161 of the lid 61. The sensor 360 detects the limb as it passes through the opening 161 and activates the UV function, which activates the ring of UV LEDs 310 located concentrically around the opening 161. The UV LEDS 310 briefly stimulate the limb (about one to five seconds) as it passes though the opening of the chamber 810 and then the UV LEDs 310 deactivate. The UV on button 143 illuminates while the UV LEDs are on.

(33) Next, a cuff 90 is placed around the limb and the lids 62 and 63 closed around the cuff 90 so that the half circular walls 67 and 68 form a substantial seal around the cuff. The cuff will be discussed in more detail later. The limb is placed in a bag or liner 100 that is substantially impermeable to gas. The top opening of the bag 100 is sealed to the bottom surface of the lid 61 and forms an airtight seal with the bottom surface of the lid 61. Thus, when the limb is surrounded by the cuff 90, which is surrounded by the half circular walls 67 and 68, the portion of the limb distal the cuff is inside the bag in a substantially scaled treatment zone.

(34) Once the limb is secured as described, the pump 500 is activated and pumps warm water from the water reservoir 600 to the chamber 810 of the vessel 800 through a hose 510 that is connected to an outlet port 660 in the reservoir 600 on one end and the pump 500 on the other end. Another hose 520 carries the water from the pump 500 to a water pipe protruding from the vessel 20 that is connected to an opening in the chamber 810. The water pump 500 shuts off automatically after a predetermined amount of water is drained from the reservoir 600. The warm water entering the chamber 810 cases the bag 100 to collapse around the limb and creates a warm southing sensation on the limb. The warm water bath remains in the chamber 810 for a predetermined amount of time, generally between about one minute and ten minutes or more. The array of IR LEDs 880 in the chamber 810 is activated and transmits a pulsed (or steady) IR light during the warm water bath. The IR LEDS further warm the limb increasing circulation.

(35) Also contemporaneous with the activation with the IR LEDs 880, the audio transducer or speaker 870 is activated and generates a low frequency sound wave that surrounds the limb. This creates a massaging effect, stimulates the skin and further enhances circulation. The water pump 500 is then activated in reverse and the warm water is pumped out of the chamber 810 and back into the reservoir 600. The IR LEDs 880 and the audio transducer 870 are turned off.

(36) An adiabatically-humidified, temperature-controlled vapor of water and a topical antibacterial, antiseptic or antibiotic agent is released from the humidifier 400 by mist control valve unit 50. The vapor travels through the tube 70 and, enters the treatment zone through a part 72 in the lid 62, which is substantially sealed to the tube 70. The vapor hydrates the wound and provides antibacterial effects. This vapor treatment can last between about two minutes and about thirty minutes, depending on the timer 135 set by the healthcare provider. In one embodiment, vapor treatment lasts about fifteen minutes. Then the mist control valve unit 50 is activated to close the valve between the humidifier 400 and the tube 70.

(37) At this time, the oxygen release valve is opened and oxygen flows from the oxygen source, which can either be an oxygen tank as shown or a wall mounted oxygen unit connected to a central oxygen source, such as in a hospital setting (not shown). The oxygen flows through the tube 78 into an oxygen inlet port 77 on the surface of the lid 62. The oxygen displaces the vapor and oxygenates the wound. Oxygenation can last between about one minute and about fifteen minutes. In one embodiment, oxygenation lasts about five minutes. The process between vapor treatment and oxygenation can be repeated several times. In one embodiment, vapor treatment and oxygenation are repeated three times for a total of four rounds of treatment lasting approximately eighty minutes. The patient's oxygen level can be monitored during treatment using an oximeter connected to the patients finger or other body part. The oximeter can be electrically connected to the control circuits in the control box of the system 10, and a display can warn the user to stop treatment or introduction of oxygen if the patient's blood oxygen level is too low or too high according to a predetermined level, such as below 80% saturation for an extended period of tin. An extended period of time can be two or more minutes.

(38) FIG. 3A shows the wound treatment system 10 with the control panel 30 lid removed and the lid 61 opened. Underneath the lid of the control panel reside the various electronics and circuitry of the system 10. A 12V power supply 220 can be used to power the system. A sweep function generator 210 is used to generate a low frequency waveform for the audio function. The sweep function generator 210 can generate an adjustable frequency of between about 1 Hz and about 1000 Hz. It can generate various types of waveforms, such as sweeping waveforms and ramping waveforms within that range of frequencies. The sweep function generator 210 produces a sin wave signal that is transmitted to the audio amplifier 230, which can be a 12V amplifier. The amplifier 230 amplifies, the signal to about 50 W and transmits the amplified signal to the speaker or audio transducer 870 connected to the vessel 800. The sweep function generator 220 can be preset to a default frequency and waveform. In one embodiment, it can be preset to generate a 60 Hz signal, which can be manually altered to produce a signal at other frequencies between the range of about 1 Hz and about 1000 Hz. An assembly control cable 240 connects the control box (not shown) with the electronic components of the system. The control box (not shown), which is housed underneath the control panel lid 30, houses all of the circuit boards required to operate the system 10.

(39) In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 4B, on the bottom surface 61B of the lid 61 is a circular collar 300 that forms a perimeter around the opening 161 on the bottom surface 61B of the lid 61. An array of UV LEDs 310 is mounted on the inner surface of the collar forming a ring. The UV LEDs 310 each point toward the center of the opening 161. There can be as few as four LEDS and as many as one hundred twenty or more LEDs in the array of UV LEDs 310. The array of UV LEDs 310 can deliver 330 W of UVA at about 320 nm to about 400 nm. Alternatively, or in addition to, the array of UV LEDs 310 can deliver 330 W of at UVB about 290 nm to about 320 nm. Alternatively, or in addition to, the array of UV LEDs 310 can deliver 330 W of UVC at about 100 nm to about 200 nm. In one embodiment, there are ninety UV LEDs delivering 330 W of UVA at about 374 nm to about 392 nm, delivering a total of about 324 mW or 324 W. The collar 300 also includes a motion sensor 360 to detect when a limb has been inserted through the collar and the ring of UV LEDs 310. The motion sensor is connected to the control box through a wire 312 that is threaded through a hole in the collar and then a hole in the bottom of the carriage 15 and up through the bottom of the cart 40. The wire 312 is eventually bundled in the cable 240 and carries an electrical signal to the circuitry in the control box. The array of UV LEDs 310 receives its electrical signals from the control box through a wire 311 that is also threaded through the hole in the collar and then a hole in the bottom of the carriage 15 and up through the bottom of the cart 40 and eventually bundled in the cable 240.

(40) The lid 61 is raised by lifting the distal side of the lid while the proximal side pivots along its hinges. Chains or wires 85 are connected at one of their ends to the bottom surface 61 of the lid 61 and at their other ends to the back panel of the cart with hooks or other securement means. The lid 61 falls back and is supported by the chains 85. The bottom surface 61B of the lid 61 includes a gasket 184 around its square or rectangular perimeter that seals the bottom surface 618 of the lid 61 to the vessel 800 when the lid 61 is closed.

(41) As shown in FIG. 4A, the lid 61 can have a substantially circular crown 350 projecting vertically from its upper surface 340. This crown is in lieu of the collar 300 shown in FIGS. 3A and 4B. The array of UV LEDs 310 is coupled to the inside surface of the crown 350, as is the motion detector 360. The upper lid is formed by covers 62 and 63. Each of the covers 62 and 63 can form a corresponding half washer shaped raised portion 62 and 63. Projecting vertically from the center of each raised portion 62 and 63 is a half circular wall 67 and 68. When the covers 62 and 63 are placed over the lid, the washer shaped raised portions 62 and 63 join to form a raised washer shaped portion that fits over the circular crown 350 to form a substantial seal between the outer wall of the crown 350 and the inner wall of the washer shaped raised portion. The outer wall of the crown 350 can include a gasket (nut shown) to reinforce the seal. The half circular walls 67 and 68 also join to form a cylinder with an opening 169 in the center that is concentric with and open to the opening 161 of the lid 61.

(42) An oxygen inlet port 77 on the washer shaped raised portion 62 (or alternatively on washer shaped raised portion 63) receives a hose (not shown) connected to an oxygen source, such as an oxygen tank or a central oxygen source in a hospital. The oxygen inlet port 77 can include a fitting (not shown) to sealingly secure the hose to the cover raised portion 62. The raised portion 62 includes a vapor inlet port 72 that receives the hose 70 (shown in FIG. 1). The vapor inlet port 72 can include a fitting 73 (shown in FIG. 1) to sealingly secure the hose 70 to the vapor inlet port 72.

(43) There are only two components of the wound treatment system 10 that make physical contact with the patient's skin: a liner or bag 100 (as shown in FIGS. 3A and 4B) into which the patient's limb is placed; and a foam cuff 90 (as shown in FIGS. 3B and 4A), which is placed around the patient's limb.

(44) The liner 100 forms a treatment zone around the wound and makes contact with the open wound. Therefore, it is preferable that the liner 100 be biocompatible and sterile, the liner 100 can be discarded or sterilized after each use and/or replaced with a new or sterilized liner 100.

(45) The material from which the liner 100 is made can be any strong substantially gas impermeable material. Extruded flexible plastic film material, such as polyethylene (hdpe, ldpe, lldpe, polyproylene, etc.), polyurethane ether or ester open cell foam (e.g., United States Plastics Corp. Stock No. 47154), polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, or ethylene/polyvinyl copolynmer sheet stock, and vapor proof treated fabric, such as nylon are suitable. The material can be puncture resistant and transparent. The flexible sheet material can have a variety of shapes. It can be a single layer, such as a bag to surround a limb, or have multiple layers. The bag or liner 100 may also be co or tri axially oriented.

(46) The term “substantially gas impermeable”, as used herein with respect to the sheet material, means gas impermeable to the extent needed to prevent excessive gas escape from the treatment zone thorough the sheet material. Total gas impermeability seldom is needed, particularly for continuous flow treatment devices. However, generally high impermeability is desirable for static treatment devices.

(47) The perimeter of the opening of the liner 100 can have an adhesive strip with a removable backing. The backing can be removed and the perimeter of the lining can be substantially sealed against the crown 350 (or the collar 300), thus forming a sealed connection between the perimeter of the opening of the liner 100 and the lid 61. Alternatively, the liner 100 can be taped to the crown 350 (or the collar 300) to form a substantial seal between the lid 61 and the liner 100).

(48) In one embodiment, the liner 100 includes a pressure release valve 105 built into it. The design of the pressure release valve 105 is not critical. Many different types are suitable. For example, the valve 105 can be a ball valve or a baffle valve such as a flap or butterfly baffle valve. Other valves are equally suitable, so long as they are capable of accurately setting the maximum release pressure and are inexpensive and so discardable. If desired the adjustable valve 105 can be calibrated to show the pressure setting. In one embodiment, the maximum release pressure can be set at 22 mm of mercury so that the pressure inside the liner 100 never surpasses that amount of pressure. The valve body can be made of any rigid plastic, although metals such as stainless steel can be used also. The spring can be steel or plastic. Very inexpensive completely plastic valves can be used as well.

(49) The pressure release valves 105 integrated with the liner 100 are inexpensive yet reliably accurate, within the preferred accuracy ranges. If desired, they can be removed from a used liner 100 and reused on new liners. Using a valve that is in communication with the treatment zone and not with the gas supply eliminates the need for a separate pressure control mechanism between the chamber 810 and the oxygen source. The chamber 810 can be connected directly to a gas or oxygen tank or a hospital gas supply line.

(50) With any of the embodiments described herein, a foam cuff 90, as shown in FIG. 3B, is placed around the patient's limb and inserted concentrically with the cylinder formed by the half circular walls 67 and 68. The foam cuff 90 can be disjoined so that it can be opened and placed around a limb. The foam cuff 90 can be made of a biocompatible open cell material that is compressible and resilient and forms a substantial seal or baffle between the patient's limb and the cylinder formed by the walls 67 and 68. The open cell configuration prevents rapid fluid leakage through the cuff, but does allow for some fluid leakage at pressures approaching 22 mm of mercury, thus acting as a baffle. The pressure inside the treatment zone should not reach 22 mm of mercury, and the fluid leakage through the foam cuff 90 as the pressure inside the treatment zone increases will prevent pressures from building up beyond that level. Thus, with the use of an open cell material in the foam cuff 90, a pressure release valve 105 in the liner 100 may not be necessary. The foam cuff 90 can also include a backing cm its cuter non-skin contacting surface that can be peeled away, exposing a sticky surface that sticks to the cylinder. The foam cuff 90 can be made of a polyurethane ester or a natural material.

(51) FIGS. 5-7 show the vessel 800 in which the patient's wound is treated. The vessel 800 sits inside of the rigid plastic carriage 15 shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6A, the vessel 800 is formed by inserting chamber 810 into tank 830. The outer dimensions of the chamber 810 are slightly smaller than the inner dimensions of the tank 830 so that the chamber 810 is nested securely within the tank 830. The only dimension of the tank 830 that is substantially different from the chamber 810 is that the tank 830 is several inches deeper than the chamber 810. This provides for extra room at the bottom of the tank 830 for the audio transducer or speaker 870 connected to the bottom of the chamber 810, so that when the chamber 810 is placed in the tank 830, the top edges 812 and 832 of the chamber 810 and tank 830 are substantially coplanar as shown in FIG. 6A.

(52) The tank 830 is made of a molded plastic or metal that is rigid and durable. As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the tank 830 has a foam platform 835 forming an inner bottom surface of the tank 830. The foam platform 835 has a circular pipe hole 836 cut into it that receives the audio transducer or speaker 870. The foam platform 835 has a second pipe hole 837 cut into it that is matched up with a hole 838 cut in the bottom of the tank 830 to form an outlet port for the water pipe 818 projecting vertically downward from the bottom surface of the chamber 810. Bolts 833 projecting vertically downward from the bottom of the tank 830 are used to guide and connect the tank 830 to the carriage 15.

(53) Turning to FIGS. 7A and 7B, chamber 810 is shown in more detail. The chamber 810 includes a sealing member 813 that surrounds the chamber just beneath its edge 812. The sealing member 813 forms a substantially fluid-tight seal between the chamber 810 and the tank 830. Inside the chamber 810 is an IR board 880 with an array of IR LEDs. The board 880 has bolts 881 on its corners that are used to bolt the board 880 to the bottom of the chamber 810. PCB wiring 881 is coupled to the IR board 880 and exits from the chamber 810 through hole 882 drilled into the bottom of the chamber 810. The hole 882 can be drilled at a location beneath the IR board 880 and can be about ¼ inch. Silicone, hot glue, and/or other sealing materials can be used to form a fluid tight seal between the wiring 881 and the hole 882 to seal the chamber 810, hardware, and wires from leaks. The wiring 881 is lead through the pipe hole 837 in the tank 830 and connects with a connection to the control box.

(54) The IR board 880 includes IR LEDs arranged in a pattern on a square or rectangular board. The IR LEDs can emit energy at infrared frequencies of between about 700) nm and 50,000 nm. The IR board 880 can be controlled by the control panel to adjust the frequency. In one embodiment, the IR LEDs deliver about 2000 mW of infrared light at about 810 nm. In one embodiment, the IR board 880 can also generate about 1.2 W of Red light at about 660 nm for a combined total light output of 1911 mW. For example, the IR board 880 can be a Thor DDII IR Lamp System.

(55) Turning to FIG. 7A, a hole is drilled through the bottom of the chamber 810, and the water pipe 818 is inserted through the hole, projecting vertically downward through the hole and out the bottom of the chamber 810. A tub seal pipe coupling 819 is used to form a fluid tight seal between the pipe 818 and the hole through which it is inserted through the chamber 810. The water pipe 818 is open at both ends to allow water to flow in and out of the chamber 810 when the chamber 810 is connected to the reservoir 600 through a water hose.

(56) As shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, coupled to the outside of the chamber at the bottom of the chamber 810 is an audio transducer or speaker 870. The speaker 870 is bolted to the bottom of the chamber 810. Transducer wires 876 are connected to the speaker 870 and, like the IR wiring, are threaded through the pipe hole 837 in the tank 830 to form a connection with the control box. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6A, a rigid plastic or metal collar 890 with a hole 892 is placed around the speaker 870 to protect the speaker 870. The speaker 870 emits energy at a low frequency sound wave, of between about 1 Hz and about 100 Hz. In the embodiment, the speaker emits energy at about 60 Hz. This causes a therapeutic vibration on the chamber 830 and a massaging effect on the patient's limb.

(57) In one embodiment the foam platform 835 is a premolded piece that is inserted into the bottom of the tank 810, and the chamber 810 is placed on top of the foam 835. In another embodiment, a hardening foam gel is poured into the bottom of the tank 810 to a predetermined depth, and the chamber 810 with speaker 870 and collar 890 are quickly placed into the tank 810. The foam gel hardens around the pipe 838 and wires 881 and 876, the collar 890, and the bottom of the chamber 810. The tank 830 is ultimately bolted to the rigid plastic carriage 15.

(58) Now turning to FIGS. 8A and 8B, the components of the wound treatment system 10 that are housed in the cart 40 are shown. Both FIGS. 8A and 8B are front views of the cart 40 looking at the cart 40 from the direction of viewing the control panel 30. FIG. 8A shows the components with the humidifier 400 removed so that the water pump 500 is visible. FIG. 8B shows the components with the humidifier 400 in its normal position blocking a view of the pump 500, which sits behind the humidifier 400.

(59) As shown in FIG. 8A, a warm water reservoir 600 rests on a shelf 43 at the bottom of the cart 40. A first hose 510 is connected to the water pump 500 through fitting 512. The other end of the hose 510 is secured to a hose fitting 630 (shown in FIG. 9B) laterally projecting from the reservoir 600 so that the hose is in fluid communication with the inside of the reservoir 600. A second hose 520 is connected to the water pump 500 through fitting 522. The other end of hose 520 is connected to the water pipe 818 projecting vertically from the bottom of the vessel 800 so that the hose 520 is in fluid communication with the inside of the chamber 810. Cables 510 electrically couple the water pump to the control box. The reservoir 600 has a rigid lid 610 that can, be removed to expose the inside of the reservoir and fill it with water.

(60) Turning to FIGS. 9A and 9B, the reservoir 600 is shown in more detail. The reservoir 600 includes two float switches 640 and 650. An upper float switch 640 is used to determine when the reservoir 600 is full and a lower float switch 650 is used to determine when the reservoir 600 is empty. Switch 640 has a lead 642 that is electrically connected to terminal block 660 with wire 645. Switch 650 has a lead 652 that is electrically connected to terminal block 660 with wire 655. Terminal block 660 is electrically connected to the pump with wires 670. The spacing between the switches 640 and 650 determines the amount of water that will be pumped into the chamber 830 when the system 10 is activated and the pump function is operating. The switches 640 and 650 are arranged so that the optimal amount of water is pumped into the chamber 830. If too much water is pumped into the chamber, the lid 61 can dislodge causing the chamber 830 to leak. If there isn't enough water, the patient's limb will not be warmed enough. In one embodiment, about five gallons of water is pumped from the reservoir 600 to the chamber 830. When the pump function is activated, the pump begins to pump water 500 out of the reservoir 600 through fitting 660. When the water level reaches the lower switch 650 and the floating arm 653 of the switch 650 begins to dip fall, an electrical signal is transmitted to the pump 500 through wires 670, and the pump 500 automatically shuts off. When the drain function is activated, the pump 500 begins to pump in reverse, draining the water from the chamber 830 and back into the reservoir 600. When the water in the reservoir reaches the upper switch 650 and the floating arm 643 of the switch 640 begins to rise, an electrical signal is transmitted to the pump 500) through wires 670, and the pump automatically turns off.

(61) In one embodiment, the water is kept at an optimal temperature with a portable heating unit 680 that is adjustable between a range of about 70-degree. F. and about 90.degree. F. In another embodiment, a more sophisticated heating unit is used (not shown) that is electrically coupled to the control box and can be controlled with a thermostat in the control panel 30.

(62) Turning back to FIG. 88, the humidifier unit 400 sits atop the lid 610 of the reservoir 600. The humidifier has a removable lid 410 that can be removed to fill the reservoir of the humidifier 400 with water and an antibacterial agent, such as ionic silver, hydrogen peroxide, bacitracin, betadine, or isopropyl alcohol. In one embodiment, adiabatically humidified 1% hydrogen peroxide/silver solution is used, but other FDA approved topical antibacterial, antibiotic, antiseptics and antimicrobial solutions and agents, such as those described above, may also be used.

(63) The humidifier 400 has a misting unit that constantly produces mist as long as the humidifier function on the control panel 30 is activated. The misting unit can be an adiabatic temperature controlled humidifier or ultrasonic nebulizer. The humidifier 400 can generate room temperature mist or heated mist. It can include a built-in heater (not shown) with an on/off switch and an indicator light that shows that the heater is on and at operating temperature. Warm mist temperature in the bag 100 can reach between about 77.degree. F. and about 82.degree. F, as measured with a temperature gauge in the lid assembly. The humidity in the bag 100 can reach about 89% to about 91% as measured by a humidity gauge. The humidifier has a transducer that generates ultrasonic energy at about 40 kHz to create an adiabatic/humid mist that creates a cloud. Ultrasonic energy from the misting unit is not transmitted to the limb, which is about two feet away from the misting unit. When the valve control unit 50 is opened, the mist travels from the humidifier 400 into the exit tube 410 and out through the exit port 420 where it enters the valve control unit 50. From there the mist travels through the tube 70 and into the treatment zone formed by the bag 100 surrounding the patient's limb.

(64) In another aspect of the present invention, the variable hyperoxia treatment apparatus as shown in FIG. 10, provides at least one treatment chamber for receiving a body part that separates the electronic components of the apparatus from the oxygen supply and concentrator. Many of the component parts of this apparatus are similar or identical to those discussed in previous embodiments and aspects. A majority of the electrical components of the apparatus are isolated from the oxygen source and the components that deliver oxygen to the treatment chamber and the patient. In particular, the water fill port 975, the medicine fill port 970, the adiabatic humidifier 980, the ultrasound device 982 the humidifier control valve 984, the control panel 962, the temperature sensor 952, the pressure sensor 950, the humidity sensor 986, the lid sensor 928, the electrical connections to the UV/IR LED arrays 924 are preferably on one side of the treatment chamber while the oxygen intake port 946, oxygen control valve 940, oxygen concentrator 942 and oxygen delivery ports 948 are on the other side of the treatment chamber. Alternatively, the oxygen intake port 946, oxygen control valve 940, oxygen concentrator 942 and oxygen delivery ports 948 may be securely housed in a separate chamber isolated from electronic components of the apparatus but not separated by the treatment chamber.

(65) Multiple arrays of UV and IR LEDs 942 that irradiate the surface of the body part are mounted to the chamber. There may be as few as five LEDS one mounted to illuminate the front, one for the back, one for the left side, one for the right side and one for the base of the body part. Alternatively, there may be arrays 942 of ten to several hundred positioned similarly to irradiate the entire body part in the treatment chamber. The array of UV LEDs 942 can deliver 330 W of UVA at about 320 nm to about 400 nm. Alternatively, or in addition to, the array of UV LEDs 942 can deliver 330 W of UVB at about 290 nm to about 320 nm. Alternatively, or in addition to, the array of UV LEDs 942 can deliver 330 W of UVC at about 100 nm to about 200 nm. In one embodiment, there are ninety UV LEDs delivering 330 W of UVA at about 374 nm to about 392 nm, delivering a total of about 324 mW or 324 W.

(66) The IR board includes IR LEDs 942 arranged in a pattern about the chamber. The IR LEDs 942 can emit energy at infrared frequencies of between about 700 nm and 50,000 nm. The IR LEDs 942 can be controlled by the control panel 962 to adjust the frequency. In one embodiment, the IR LEDs 942 delivers about 2000 mW of infrared light at about 810 nm. In one embodiment the IR LEDs 942 can also generate about 1.2 W of red light at about 660 nm for a combined total light output of 1911 mW. For example, the IR LEDs 942 can be a Thor DDII IR Lamp System. The programmed treatment also sends electrical signals from the control box to the arrays of UV/IR LEDs 942 through a wire that is also threaded through the device and eventually bundled in the cable leading to the control panel 962.

(67) The lid is provided as a two-piece circular collar 926 that forms a perimeter around the opening of the treatment chamber. Sliding apart the two pieces of the circular collar 926 opens the lid. The lid also includes a sensor 928 to detect the diameter of the body pan that has been inserted through the collar 926. The sensor 928 wire is threaded through the device and eventually bundled in the cable leading to the control panel 962. The diameter of the body part is relayed to a processor in the control panel 962 that establishes the amount of humidified mist and oxygen that will be applied to the body part for each step of the programmed treatment.

(68) An oxygen inlet port 946 receives a hose (not shown) connected to an oxygen sour e, such as an oxygen tank or a central oxygen source in a hospital. The oxygen inlet port 946 allows oxygen to flow from the source to an oxygen flow meter 944 in communication with the oxygen concentrator 942. The oxygen concentrator 942 and/or oxygen flow meter 944 is in communication with the liner 900 through a one-way valve 940 allowing control of oxygen to the treatment zone. The oxygen concentrator 942 and/or oxygen flow meter is also in communication with a cannula or facemask that may be worn by the patient during treatment. The oxygen supply line hose may be sealingly affixed to an inlet port 946 on the side of the apparatus (not shown) which is directly connected to the oxygen flow meter 944 and/or oxygen concentrator 942.

(69) The liner 900 forms a treatment zone around the wound and makes contact with the open wound. Therefore, it is preferable that the liner 900 be biocompatible and sterile. The liner 900 can be discarded or sterilized after each use and/or replaced with a new or sterilized liner 900. The material from which the liner 900 is made can be any strong substantially gas impermeable material. Extruded flexible plastic film material, such as polyethylene (hdpe, ldpe, lldpe, polyproylene, etc), polyurethane ether or ester open cell foam (e.g., United States Plastics Corp. Stock No. 47154), polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, or ethylene/polyvinyl copolymer sheet stock, and vapor proof treated fabric, such as nylon, are suitable. The material can be puncture resistant and transparent. The liner 900 also has at least two one-way inlet valves 940 at or about its base for receiving mist/medicated mist from the humidifier 980 and oxygen from the oxygen flow meter 944 and/or oxygen concentrator 942. The design of the one-way valves 940 is not critical. A variety of different types may be utilized. The liner 900 may also have an outlet port (not shown) that may be utilized for allowing replacement of agents in the treatment zone with fresh or other agents during the programmed treatment.

(70) The perimeter of the opening of the liner 900 can have an adhesive strip with a removable backing. The backing is removed and the perimeter of the lining substantially is sealed against the two-pieces of the collar 926 thus forming a sealed connection between the perimeter of the opening of the liner 901) and the lid. Alternatively, the liner 900 may have a foam rim or cuff 916 about the opening with a drawstring. The foam rim 916 provides a comfortable seal around the body part being treated when the drawstring is tightened.

(71) The liner 900 may also have a pressure release valve 914. The design of the pressure release valve 914 is not critical. Many different types are suitable. For example, the valve 914 can be a ball valve or a baffle valve such as a flap or butterfly baffle valve. Other valves are equally suitable, so long as they are capable of accurately setting the maximum release pressure. If desired the adjustable valve can be calibrated to show the pressure setting. In one embodiment, the maximum release pressure can be set at 22 mm Hg so that the pressure inside the liner 900 never surpasses that amount of pressure. The valve body is preferably made of any in expensive rigid plastic.

(72) Coupled to the bottom of the chamber on its outside surface is an audio transducer or speaker 960. Transducer wires are connected to the speaker and threaded through the apparatus to form a connection with the control panel 962. A rigid plastic or metal collar with a hole is placed around the speaker 960 to protect the speaker 960 during use. The speaker 960 emits energy at a low frequency sound wave, of between about 1 Hz and about 1000 Ht. In one embodiment, the speaker 960 emits energy at about 60 Hz. This causes a therapeutic vibration on the chamber and a massaging effect on the patient's body part.

(73) The components of the variable hyperoxia treatment apparatus are housed in a cart. A warm water reservoir 995 is contained at the bottom of the cart. A first hose is connected to the water pump 990 and the other end of the hose is secured and in fluid communication with the inside of the one or more chambers. A second hose (not shown) is connected to the water pump 990 and the other end of hose can be connected to a waste container or drain. Cables electrically couple the water pump to the control box. The reservoir 995 provides an opening that allows the reservoir to be filled with water.

(74) The water may be kept at an optimal temperature with a portable heating unit (not shown) that is adjustable between a range of about 70° F. to about 90° F. Alternatively a heating unit within the apparatus may be used (not shown) that is electrically coupled to the control panel 962 and can be controlled with a thermostat in the control panel 962.

(75) The humidifier 980 is positioned above the warm water reservoir 995. The humidifier 980 is in fluid communication with a water reservoir 975 that has a removable lid to enable filling with fluid and/or medication. A medication reservoir 970 for receiving medications and/or medication dosage is in fluid communication with the humidifier 980 so that it may be mixed with fluid to create an adiabatic vapor or mist for treatment.

(76) The humidifier 981 produces mist when the humidifier function on the control panel 962 is activated. The misting unit can be an adiabatic temperature controlled humidifier 980 or ultrasonic nebulizer 982. The humidifier 980 can generate room temperature mist or heated mist. The humidifier may further comprise a temperature controller 954 with an on/off switch and an indicator light that shows when the temperature controller 954 is on and at operating temperature. When the humidifier control valve 984 to the humidifier 980 is opened, the mist travels from the humidifier 980 into the treatment zone through a one-way valve in the liner 900. Warm mist temperature in the liner 900 can reach between about 77′F to about 82° F. as measured by a temperature sensor. The humidity in the liner 900 can reach about 89% to about 91% as measured by a humidity sensor 986. The humidifier 980 has a transducer that generates ultrasonic energy in the ultrasonic nebulizer 982 at about 40 kHz to create an adiabatic/humid mist. Ultrasonic energy from the misting unit is not transmitted to the limb.

(77) In another embodiment, the oxygen flow meter 944 and concentrator 942 and humidifier 980 are also in fluid communication with an outlet port that is in fluid communication 916 with a treatment chamber remote to the can. The treatment chamber 910/914 (FIG. 11) comprises a pre-molded form adapted to encompass a non-limb body part such as a scalp, a thigh or the back. The chamber 910/914 is composed of a semi-rigid polymer having a cushioned perimeter edge for sealingly engaging the body part. Its configuration will depend on the area being treated. For example, a half domed shape may be desired for treating a particular location on the back while a helmet shaped chamber would be desirable for treating the scalp. The chamber may have at least two inlet ports, one for the humidified mist from the humidifier 980 and one for oxygen from the oxygen flow meter 944 and/or oxygen concentrator 942. There may be an additional outlet port (not shown) to allow for replacing the existing agents in the chamber with new or other agents. The treatment chamber 910/914 may further comprise UV/IR LEDs for illuminating the treatment area. The UV/IR LEDs are in electrical communication with the control panel 962. This electrical communication line may be affixed to or integrated within tubing 912 and has a connector near adapters 916 for connecting to the control panel 962. A disposable or autoclavable liner 900 having at least two one-way ports at 940 and 984 for receiving humidified mist and oxygen lines the chamber. The liner 900 may also have a pressure release valve 914. The perimeter edge of the liner 900 may have adhesive for affixing the liner 900) to the rim of the chamber before use.

(78) The disclosure set forth above is provided to give those of ordinary skill in the art a complete disclosure and description of how to make and use embodiments of the compositions and methods of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of what the inventors regard as their invention. Modifications of the above-described modes (for carrying out the invention that are obvious to persons of skill in the art) are intended to be within the scope of the following claims. All publications, patents, and patent applications cited in this specification are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety as if each such publication, patent or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference.