Wind farm controller, controlled units and method for transmitting control variables from the wind farm controller to the controlled units

Abstract

Provided is a method for transmitting controlling control variables from a windfarm controller to units including at least one wind power installation or at least one energy store. The method include determining first and second controlling control variable components by the windfarm controller, outputting the first controlling control variable component in a first data packet, outputting the second controlling control variable component in a second data packet, receiving the first and second data packets by a first unit, and determining a controlling control variable from the first and second controlling control variable components. The first data packet has a receiver address which is assigned to the first unit and to at least one further unit, and the second data packet has a receiver address which is assigned to at least the first unit. Provided is a windfarm controller, a wind power installation and a windfarm configured to perform the method.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting control variables from a controller to wind power installations or energy stores, comprising: determining a first control variable component; determining, by the controller, a second control variable component; outputting the first control variable component in a first data packet; outputting the second control variable component in a second data packet; receiving, by at least one wind power installation or energy store, the first data packet including the first control variable component; receiving, by the at least one wind power installation or energy store, the second data packet including the second control variable component; and determining, by the at least one wind power installation or energy store, a control variable from the first control variable component and the second control variable component, wherein the first data packet has a first receiver address that is assigned to the at least one wind power installation or energy store and to at least one further wind power installation or energy store, and the second data packet has a second receiver address that is assigned to the at least one wind power installation or energy store, and wherein first data packets having respective first controlling control variable components are sent more frequently than second data packets having respective second controlling control variable components.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising: storing the first control variable component and the second control variable component in memory of the at least one wind power installation or energy store; receiving a first further data packet with a further first control variable component; after receiving the first further data packet with the further first control variable component, determining the control variable from the further first control variable component and the stored second control variable component; receiving a second further data packet with a further second control variable component; after receiving the second further data packet with the further second control variable component, determining the control variable from the stored first control variable component and the further second control variable component; and storing the further first control variable component or the further second control variable component in the memory.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising: transmitting the first data packet and the second data packet cyclically or in an event-based manner.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first control variable component corresponds to a first absolute or percentage value and the second control variable component corresponds to a second absolute or percentage value and the method comprises: determining the control variable by adding the first control variable component and the second control variable component; or the first control variable component corresponds to an absolute or percentage value and the second control variable component corresponds to a factor and the method comprises: determining the control variable by multiplying the first control variable component by the second control variable component.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control variable has values between a minimum value and a maximum value and the first control variable component has a value between 0 and 100% of a difference between the minimum value and maximum value and the second control variable component has a value between−100% and 100% of the difference between the minimum value and maximum value.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising: determining the first control variable component based on global parameters for a plurality of or all of the wind power installations or energy stores of a windfarm; and determining the second control variable component based on specific parameters to the at least one wind power installation or energy store.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising: determining, by the controller, the first control variable component depending on a reference variable for the controller that is specified by a windfarm operator or network operator.

8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second control variable component is defined for a specific at least one wind power installation or energy store depending on a reference variable which is defined with parameters specific to the specific at least one wind power installation or energy store.

9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control variable is a power control variable including an active power control variable, a reactive power control variable, a voltage control variable or a frequency control variable.

10. A controller for a windfarm, comprising: at least one data output configured to connect, via a data connection, to wind power installations or energy stores, and to transmit a first control variable component in a first data packet and a second control variable component in a second data packet, wherein the controller is configured to: determine the first control variable component and the second control variable component, and wherein the first data packet has a first receiver address that is assigned to at least one wind power installation or energy store and to at least one further wind power installation or energy store, and the second data packet has a second receiver address that is assigned to the at least one wind power installation or energy store, wherein first data packets having respective first controlling control variable components are sent more frequently than second data packets having respective second controlling control variable components.

11. The controller as claimed in claim 10, comprising: at least one data input configured to receive a reference variable from a network operator or a windfarm operator.

12. The controller as claimed in claim 10, comprising: a memory configured to store unit-specific parameters.

13. The controller as claimed in claim 10, comprising: at least one data input configured to connect at least one sensor that is an environmental sensor for determining at least one of wind direction or wind speed.

14. A wind power installation for a windfarm, comprising: at least one data input configured to receive a first data packet including a first control variable component and a second data packet including a second control variable component; and a computer configured to determine a control variable from the first control variable component and the second control variable component, wherein the first data packet has a first receiver address that is assigned to the wind power installation and to at least one further wind power installation, and the second data packet has a second receiver address that is assigned to the wind power installation, wherein first data packets having respective first controlling control variable components are sent more frequently than second data packets having respective second controlling control variable components.

15. The wind power installation as claimed in claim 14, wherein the computer is configured to add or multiply the first control variable component and the second control variable component, and the wind power installation comprises: memory configured to store the first control variable component and the second control variable component.

16. The windfarm as claimed in claim 14, comprising: a windfarm controller; and a plurality of wind power installations including the wind power installation.

17. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller is a windfarm controller.

18. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the global parameters are windfarm-specific parameters.

19. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the parameters specific to the specific at least one wind power installation or energy store include a position of the specific at least one wind power installation or energy store within a windfarm or a length of an electrical line from the specific at least one wind power installation or energy store to a network feed-in node of the windfarm.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Further embodiments of the invention can be found in the example embodiments explained in detail below. In the figures:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a wind power installation,

(3) FIG. 2 shows a windfarm,

(4) FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of a windfarm controller and its connection to wind power installations, and

(5) FIG. 4 shows an example embodiment of the method.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(6) FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a unit 100, i.e., a wind power installation 100, of a windfarm 112. The wind power installation 100 has a tower 102 and a nacelle 104 on the tower 102. An aerodynamic rotor 106 with three rotor blades 108 and a spinner 110 is provided on the nacelle 104. During the operation of the wind power installation, the aerodynamic rotor 106 is set in rotational motion by the wind and therefore also rotates a rotor or winding of a generator which is directly or indirectly coupled to the aerodynamic rotor 106. The electrical generator is disposed in the nacelle 104 and generates electric power. The pitch angles of the rotor blades 108 can be modified by pitch motors on the rotor blade roots of the respective rotor blades 108.

(7) FIG. 2 shows a windfarm 112 with, by way of example, three wind power installations 100, which may be identical or different. The three wind power installations 100 thus represent essentially any number of wind power installations 100 of a windfarm 112. The wind power installations 100 provide their power, i.e., in particular, the generated current, via an electric windfarm grid 114. The currents or powers of the individual wind power installations 100 generated in each case are added together and a transformer 116 is usually provided to step up the voltage in the windfarm 112 and then feed it at the feed-in point 118, which is also generally referred to as the PCC, into the supply grid 120. FIG. 2 is only a simplified representation of a windfarm 112. The windfarm grid 114 can also, for example, be designed differently in that, for example, a transformer 116 is also present at the output of each wind power installation 100, to mention only one other example embodiment.

(8) FIG. 2 furthermore shows a controller 10, in this case a windfarm controller 10, which is connected via a bus system 12 to each individual wind power installation 100. FIG. 2 furthermore shows a control center 14 of an operator, i.e., a network operator or a windfarm operator. The data transmission between the windfarm controllers 10 and the wind power installations 100 is considered in detail in the present example embodiment. In this specific example, the control center 14 is not therefore described as a controller 10. However, the example embodiment could also be extended by considering the data transmission between the operator and the windfarm controller 10, so that the control center could then be considered as a controller and the windfarm controller as a unit. The control center 14 is connected via a connection 16 to a data input 15 of the windfarm controller 10. The connection 16 corresponds, for example, to a TCP/IP connection.

(9) FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of the windfarm controller 10. The windfarm controller 10 comprises a data input 15 via which the windfarm controller 10 is connected to the control center 14 of an operator. The windfarm controller 10 furthermore comprises a data input 17 to which at least one sensor 18 is connected. The sensor 18 is an environment sensor. The sensor 18 serves, for example, to determine the prevailing wind direction and wind speed in the vicinity of the windfarm 112.

(10) The windfarm controller 10 furthermore has a further data input 20 to which a feedback 19 of the control circuit which is controlled with a controller 21 of the windfarm controller 10 is fed. The feedback 19 is connected to a measuring point 22 which is arranged in the vicinity of the feed-in point 118 and measures electrical quantities of the windfarm grid 114. These electrical quantities are, for example, the voltage and/or the frequency of the electrical current or the electrical voltage in the windfarm grid 114. A control deviation 24 is defined in the windfarm controller 10 by feeding the feedback 19 via the data input 20 and a reference variable specified by the operator via the data input 15. The control deviation 24 is fed to the controller 21 which defines a control variable for the units 100 of the windfarm 112.

(11) The control variable is designated as the first controlling control variable component 26. The first controlling control variable component 26 is fed to a communication interface 28 which combines the first controlling control variable component 26 together with a receiver address in a data packet. The data packet is then output via a data output 30 onto the bus system 12, which can also be referred to as a data bus. The receiver address is chosen here by the communication interface 28 in such a way that the data packet is received by all units 100 in the windfarm 112, in each case via their data input 27.

(12) This means that each of the wind power installations 100 extracts the first controlling control variable component 26 from the first data packet and stores it, on the one hand, in the memory 32. On the other hand, the first controlling control variable component 26 is fed to a wind power installation computer unit 34 which defines a controlling control variable 78 for a wind power installation controller 38 from the first controlling control variable component 26. The controlling control variable 78 is therefore a control variable from the perspective of the windfarm controller 10, but at the same time corresponds to a reference variable from the perspective of the wind power installation control.

(13) The first controlling control variable component 26 is additionally fed in the windfarm controller 10 to a determination unit 40 which may also be a further controller to which the feedback 19 is similarly fed. The values from the sensors 18 are furthermore fed to the determination unit 40 and the determination unit 40 can access a memory 42 of the windfarm controller 10. Parameters specific to the location of the individual wind power installations 100, such as, for example, the positions of the wind power installation 100 within the windfarm 112, are stored in the memory 42.

(14) Second controlling control variable components 44 are then defined in the determination unit 40 for each individual of the wind power installations 100 on the basis of the first controlling control variable component 26, the specific data stored in the memory 42 and the sensor data from the sensors 18. These second controlling control variable components 44 are similarly fed to the communication interface 28 which creates second data packets, wherein each of the second data packets contains a second controlling control variable component 44 and the address of the specific wind power installation 100 for which the second controlling control variable component 44 was determined, taking into consideration the specific data of this wind power installation 100 stored in the memory 42. These second data packets are similarly output via the data output 30 onto the bus system 12. Each of the wind power installations 100 then correspondingly receives the data packet addressed to the respective wind power installation 100. The second controlling control variable component 44 is then extracted therefrom and is similarly stored in the memory 32 of the respective wind power installation 100.

(15) It is thus possible to provide a first controlling control variable component 26 and an individual second controlling control variable component 44 for each wind power installation 100 and transmit it individually to each of the wind power installations 100. The individual controlling control variable component 44, i.e., the second controlling control variable component 44, is updated here with a relatively low frequency so that data packets with a first controlling control variable component 26 are output by the communication interface 28 with a relatively higher repetition rate or frequency.

(16) First data packets with the first controlling control variable component 26 are transmitted accordingly, for example always after the expiry of a time period which is, for example, below a time period of 10 seconds, for example a time period of one second. Second data packets with second controlling control variable components 44 are transmitted, for example, only in the case where, for example, a changing wind direction is detected with the sensor 18 and therefore control variables differing from the generally valid control variables are necessary for the respective wind power installation 100 due to the positions of individual wind power installations 100 within the group of the windfarm 112.

(17) FIG. 4 shows a sequence of a method according to one example embodiment. A reference variable 50 is first transmitted from a network operator to a windfarm controller 10 and is received in step 52. In step 54, the received reference variable 50 is compared with an actual value that was measured at the feed-in point 118 and was similarly fed to the windfarm controller 10. The difference 56 is then fed to a controller 21 of the windfarm controller 10 and a first controlling control variable component 26 is determined in the controller 21 in a step 58. The first controlling control variable component 26 is then fed to a communication interface 28 which transmits a first data packet 64 in a transmission step 60. The first data packet 64 is then received in step 62 by a wind power installation 100 and, in a storage step 65, is stored in a memory 32 of the wind power installation 100.

(18) Simultaneously, the first controlling control variable component 26, after having been determined by the controller 21 in step 58, is fed to a determination unit 40 and a second controlling control variable component 44 is determined 66 in the determination unit 40. The second controlling control variable component 44 is then similarly fed to a communication interface 28 and is transmitted in a second data packet 70 in a step 68.

(19) In a step 72, the second data packet 70 is received by a wind power installation 100 and the second controlling control variable component 44 of the second data packet 70 is stored in a memory 42 in a step 74. After the first controlling control variable component 26 and the second controlling control variable component 44 have been stored by the wind power installation 100 in steps 65 and 74, a controlling control variable 78 is then defined in a step 76 by a wind power installation computing unit 34 and is fed to a controller 38 of the wind power installation 100.

REFERENCE NUMBER LIST

(20) 100 Wind power installation/wind power installations/unit

(21) 102 Tower

(22) 104 Nacelle

(23) 106 Aerodynamic rotor

(24) 108 Three rotor blades

(25) 110 Spinner

(26) 112 Windfarm

(27) 114 Windfarm grid

(28) 116 Transformer

(29) 118 Feed-in point

(30) 120 Supply network

(31) 10 Windfarm controller/controller

(32) 12 Bus system

(33) 14 Control center

(34) 15, 20 Data input

(35) 16 Connection

(36) 17 Sensor data input

(37) 18 Sensor/environment sensor

(38) 19 Feedback

(39) 21 Controller

(40) 22 Measuring point

(41) 24 Control deviation

(42) 26 First controlling control variable component

(43) 27 Data input of a unit

(44) 28 Communication interface

(45) 30 Data output

(46) 32 Memory of the unit

(47) 34 Wind power installation computer unit/unit computer unit

(48) 38 Wind power installation controller

(49) 40 Determination unit

(50) 41 Controller computing unit

(51) 42 Memory of a windfarm controller

(52) 44 Second controlling control variable component

(53) 50 Reference variable

(54) 52, 54, 58, 62,

(55) 72, 74, 76 Step

(56) 56 Difference

(57) 60 Transmission step

(58) 64 First data packet

(59) 65 Memory step

(60) 68 Transmitted/transmission

(61) 70 Second data packet

(62) 78 Controlling control variable