Tire and three-wheeled vehicle with the same

Abstract

A tire includes a tread portion provided with a tread profile which is curved in an arcuate shape in a tire meridian section so that the tread portion includes a crown region contacting with the ground during straight running, and a pair of shoulder regions contacting with the ground during cornering by leaning the tire at a certain camber angle. The crown region has a land ratio of not less than 98%, and the shoulder regions have a land ratio of from 85% to 93%. A three-wheeled vehicle has a pair of front wheels and a single rear wheel on which the tire is mounted.

Claims

1. A tire comprising: a tread portion provided with a tread profile which is curved in an arcuate shape in a tire meridian section so that the tread portion comprises a crown region contacting with the ground during straight running, and a pair of shoulder regions contacting with the ground during cornering by leaning the tire at a certain camber angle, wherein the crown region is defined as being centered on a tire equator and ranging 30% of an axial width between tread edges of the tread portion, and the shoulder regions are defined as extending from the respective tread edges to the crown region, the crown region is provided with at least one crown slot disposed on the tire equator and extending straight discontinuously along the tire circumferential direction so that the crown region has a land ratio of not less than 98%, the shoulder regions have a land ratio of from 85% to 93% and an axial width W1 of said at least one crown slot is 2% to 5% of a tread width of the tread portion.

2. The tire according to claim 1, wherein in a tire meridian section, the tread profile has a radius of curvature of from 45% to 65% of the tread width of the tread portion.

3. The tire according to claim 2, wherein a tread rubber disposed in the tread portion to define the ground contacting surface thereof has a loss tangent not less than 0.27 at a temperature of 0 deg. C.

4. A three-wheeled vehicle having a pair of front wheels and a single rear wheel to be leant during cornering, wherein the tire according to claim 2 is mounted on the rear wheel.

5. The tire according to claim 1, wherein each of the shoulder regions is a region contacting with the ground during cornering when the camber angle is 10 degrees or more.

6. The tire according to claim 5, wherein a tread rubber disposed in the tread portion to define the ground contacting surface thereof has a loss tangent not less than 0.27 at a temperature of 0 deg. C.

7. A three-wheeled vehicle having a pair of front wheels and a single rear wheel to be leant during cornering, wherein the tire according to claim 5 is mounted on the rear wheel.

8. The tire according to claim 1, wherein a tread rubber disposed in the tread portion to define the ground contacting surface thereof has a loss tangent not less than 0.27 at a temperature of 0 deg. C.

9. A three-wheeled vehicle having a pair of front wheels and a single rear wheel to be leant during cornering, wherein the tire according to claim 8 is mounted on the rear wheel.

10. The tire according to claim 1, wherein said at least one crown slot is provided therein with a tread wear indicator.

11. A three-wheeled vehicle having a pair of front wheels and a single rear wheel to be leant during cornering, wherein the tire according to claim 1 is mounted on the rear wheel.

12. The tire according to claim 1, wherein the crown region is provided with only said at least one crown slot.

13. The tire according to claim 12, wherein said at least one crown slot is a plurality of the crown slots arranged at intervals in the tire circumferential direction.

14. A three-wheeled vehicle having a pair of front wheels and a single rear wheel to be leant during cornering, wherein the tire according to claim 13 is mounted on the rear wheel.

15. A three-wheeled vehicle having a pair of front wheels and a single rear wheel to be leant during cornering, wherein the tire according to claim 12 is mounted on the rear wheel.

16. The tire according to claim 1, wherein the circumferential length of the crown slot is 4 to 7 times the axial width W1.

17. The tire according to claim 16, wherein the depth in the tire radial direction of the crown slot is 0.3 to 0.9 times the axial width W1.

18. A three-wheeled vehicle having a pair of front wheels and a single rear wheel to be leant during cornering, wherein the tire according to claim 16 is mounted on the rear wheel.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a tire as an embodiment of the present invention.

(2) FIG. 2 is a developed partial plan view of the tire showing the tread portion thereof.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(3) Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail in conjunction with accompanying drawings.

(4) FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a tire 1 as an embodiment of the present invention in a tire meridian section under a normally inflated unloaded condition taken along line A-A in FIG. 2.

(5) FIG. 2 is a developed partial plan view of the tire 1 showing the tread portion 2 thereof.

(6) The normally inflated unloaded condition is such that the tire is mounted on a standard wheel rim and inflate to a standard pressure but loaded with no tire load.

(7) In this application including specification and claims, various dimensions, positions and the like of the tire refer to those under the normally inflated unloaded condition of the tire unless otherwise noted.

(8) The standard wheel rim is a wheel rim officially approved or recommended for the tire by standards organizations, i.e. JATMA (Japan and Asia), T&RA (North America), ETRTO (Europe), TRAA (Australia), STRO (Scandinavia), ALAPA (Latin America), ITTAC (India) and the like which are effective in the area where the tire is manufactured, sold or used.

(9) The standard pressure is the maximum air pressure for the tire specified by the same organization in the Air-pressure/Maximum-load Table or similar list, specifically, the “maximum air pressure” in JATMA, the “Inflation Pressure” in ETRTO, the maximum pressure given in the “Tire Load Limits at Various Cold Inflation Pressures” table in TRA or the like.

(10) The tire 1 according to the present invention is for a three-wheeled vehicle (not shown) with two front wheels and a single rear wheel which is leant during cornering.

(11) In the present embodiment, the tire 1 is designed to be mounted on the rear wheel.

(12) In the present embodiment, the three-wheeled vehicle compresses a steering system for changing the direction of the rear wheel according to the traveling direction of the motorcycle for example during cornering. Such three-wheeled vehicle satisfies both of the stability during cornering and the ability to turn in a small radius in good balance.

(13) AS shown in FIG. 1, the tire 1 comprises

(14) a tread portion 2,

(15) a pair of sidewall portions 3,

(16) a pair of bead portions 4 each with a bead core 5 therein, a carcass 6 extending between the bead portions through the tread portion and the sidewall portions, and a tread reinforcing layer 7 disposed radially outside the carcass 6 in the tread portion 2.

(17) The carcass 6 in this example is composed of a single ply 6A of cords arranged radially at an angle of preferably 75 to 90 degrees, more preferably 80 to 90 degrees with respect to the tire equator C, and extending between the bead portions through the tread portion and the sidewall portions, and further turned up around the bead core 5 in each of the bead portions so as to form a pair of turned up portions 6b and a main portion 6a therebetween. For the carcass cords, for example, organic fiber cords such as nylon, polyester, rayon and the like are suitably used.

(18) Each of the bead portions 4 is preferably provided between the main portion 6a and turned up portion 6b with a bead apex rubber 8 for example made of a hard rubber compound to reinforce the bead portion 4.

(19) The tread reinforcing layer 7 is composed of one or more plies of reinforcing cords inclined at angles of from 5 to 40 degrees with respect to the tire equator C.

(20) In this example, the tread reinforcing layer 7 is composed two plies, preferably two cross plies 7A and 7B.

(21) For the reinforce cords, for example, steel cords, aramid cords, rayon cords and the like can be suitably used.

(22) The tread portion 2 has a tread profile which is curved convexly toward the radially outside in an arc shape so that a sufficient ground contacting area can be obtained during cornering by leaning at large camber angles, and thereby the tread portion 2 can generate the required camber thrust during cornering.

(23) In the present embodiment, the maximum section width of the tire lies between the tread edges Te of the tread portion 2, namely, the maximum section width equals to the tread width TW.

(24) In the tire meridian section, the tread profile preferably has a radius TR of curvature of from 45% to 65%, more preferably 50% to 60% of the tread width TW.

(25) If the radius TR of curvature is less than 45% of the tread width TW, there is a possibility that a large camber thrust is generated during cornering by leaning at small camber angles, and there is a tendency toward understeer increases.

(26) If the radius TR of curvature is more than 65% of the tread width TW, there is a possibility that the camber thrust becomes insufficient during cornering by leaning at large camber angles, and there is a tendency toward oversteer increases.

(27) In the present embodiment, by setting the radius TR of curvature of the tread portion 2 within the above-mentioned range, the tendency toward understeer or oversteer can be controlled within a suitable range, and the stability of behavior of the tire 1 can be improved.

(28) A tread rubber 2G is disposed radially outside the tread reinforcing layer 7 to define the ground contacting surface 25 of the tread portion 2. For the tread rubber 2G, suitably used is a compound which can generate larger grip force in order to obtain a large lateral force during cornering. From this viewpoint, the loss tangent (tan δ) at 0 deg. C. of the tread rubber 2G is preferably not less than 0.27, more preferably not less than 0.29. If less than 0.27, there is a possibility that wet grip performance is deteriorated.

(29) Here, the loss tangent (tan δ) is measured with a viscoelastic spectrometer according to Japanese Industrial standards JIS K6394 under the following conditions:

(30) initial strain: 10%

(31) amplitude: +− %

(32) frequency: 10 Hz

(33) deformation: tensile

(34) measure temperature: 0 deg. C.

(35) As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the tread portion 2 has a crown region Cr contacting with the ground mainly during straight running, and a pair of shoulder regions Sh contacting with the ground mainly during cornering by leaning the tire 1 at relatively large camber angles.

(36) The crown region Cr includes the tire equator C, and contacts with the ground during straight running and during cornering by leaning at small camber angles for example at the time of changing lanes. More specifically, the crown region Cr may be defined as a region contacting with the ground when the camber angle is less than 10 degrees and/or a region centered on the tire equator C and ranging 30% the axial tread width TW.

(37) The crown region Cr has a land ratio of not less than 98%. The land ratio can be 100%, namely, there is not groove in the crown region Cr. Accordingly, the rigidity of the crown region Cr is maintained at its maximum, and the shearing force in the ground contacting surface 2s of the tread portion 2 can be improved. Therefore, the cornering force during cornering by leaning at small camber angles can be improved.

(38) In the present embodiment, as the land ratio of the crown region Cr is limited within the above-mentioned range, the tire 1 becomes hard to be affected by undulation of the road surfaces when the camber angle is small, and thereby, the behavior of the tire 1 is stabilized.

(39) Further, in the three-wheeled vehicle on the single rear wheel of which the tire 1 is mounted, as the behavior of the rear wheel during cornering by leaning at small camber angles is stabilized, the behavior of the vehicle becomes stable.

(40) The crown region Cr is provided with at least one crown slot 10 extending straight in parallel with the tire circumferential direction. In this example, a plurality of crown slots 10 are arranged at intervals in the tire circumferential direction.

(41) It is preferable that each crown slot 10 is disposed on the tire equator C. The crown slot 10 can be used to check the amount of wear of the tread in the crown region Cr where the amount of wear may be largest.

(42) The axial width W1 of the crown slot 10 is preferably 2% to 5% of the tread width TW. If less than 2%, there is a possibility that a necessary space for checking the amount of wear can not be secured. If more than 5%, there is a possibility that the land ratio of the crown region Cr is decreased, and the rigidity of the crown region Cr is decreased.

(43) The circumferential length L1 of the crown slot 10 is preferably 4 to 7 times the axial width W1 as shown in FIG. 2.

(44) As shown in FIG. 1, the depth D1 in the tire radial direction of the crown slot 10 is preferably 0.3 to 0.9 times the axial width W1. Such crown slot 10 can satisfy both of the size required for determining the amount of wear and the rigidity of the crown region Cr.

(45) The cross-sectional shape of the crown slot 10 is almost an arc in the example shown in FIG. 1. However, it may be a rectangle, a trapezoid, a truncated triangular etc. alone or in combination.

(46) It is preferable that at least one, in this example, two wear indicators 10A are, as shown in FIG. 2, disposed in at least one crown slot 10 formed in the crown region Cr which likely wears faster than the shoulder regions Sh.

(47) The shoulder region Sh on each side of the crown region Cr is a region contacting with the ground during cornering by leaning at the camber angle of not less than 10 degrees.

(48) The land ratio of the shoulder region Sh is preferably 85% to 93%, more preferably 89% to 91%. If less than 85%, there is a possibility that the cornering force during cornering is decreased.

(49) If more than 91%, there is a possibility that slide controllability in the event of tire slide during cornering is deteriorated.

(50) In the present embodiment, as the land ratio of the shoulder regions Sh is limited within the above-mentioned range, it is possible to achieve both of the cornering force during cornering and the slide controllability in good balance. Therefore, the behavior of the tire 1 in the present embodiment during cornering becomes stable.

(51) Further, in the three-wheeled vehicle on the single rear wheel of which the tire 1 is mounted, the behavior of the rear wheel during cornering becomes stable, and as a result, the behavior of the vehicle becomes stable.

(52) In the present embodiment, each shoulder region Sh is provided with a plurality of shoulder oblique grooves 11 disposed at intervals in the tire circumferential direction. The shoulder oblique grooves 11 include first shoulder oblique grooves 11A, second shoulder oblique grooves 11B, third shoulder oblique grooves 11C and fourth shoulder oblique grooves 11D. The configurations of the shoulder oblique grooves 11 may be arbitrarily-defined.

(53) While detailed description has been made of an especially preferable embodiment of the present invention, the present invention can be embodied in various forms without being limited to the illustrated embodiment.

(54) Comparison Tests

(55) Based on the tread pattern shown in FIG. 2, test tires having the internal structure shown in FIG. 1 and specifications listed in Table 1 were experimentally manufactured. Each test tire was mounted on the rear wheel of a test vehicle, and performances of the vehicle was tested.

(56) Common specifications are as follows: Test vehicle: rear wheel steering type three-wheeled vehicle

(57) front wheel tire size: 80/90-16

(58) front wheel rim size: 2.15×16

(59) rear wheel tire size: 120/90-10

(60) rear wheel rim size: 3.50×10 Test Tires

(61) tire pressure: 225 kPa

(62) radius TR of curvature: 60% of tread width TW

(63) <Lane Change Performance>

(64) During running straight in a test course whose road surface has a wheel rut (maximum depth 2 cm), the test vehicle changed lanes across the wheel rut, and the test driver evaluated controllability at that time. The results are indicated in Table 1 by an index based on comparative example 1 being 100, wherein the larger value is better.

(65) <Wet Performance>

(66) The test vehicle was run on a wet road surface of a test course, and the test driver comprehensively evaluated wet performance from slide controllability and road grip. The results are indicated in Table 1 by an index based on comparative example 1 being 100, wherein the larger value is better.

(67) <Cornering Performance>

(68) In a test course, the test vehicle was run along a 50 meter radius circle, and the test driver evaluated controllability at that time. The results are indicated in Table 1 by an index based on comparative example 1 being 100, wherein the larger value is better.

(69) <Cornering Wear Performance>

(70) After the test vehicle was run along the 50 meter radius circle 50 laps at a speed of 30 km, the amount of tread wear was measured in the vicinity of the tire equator. The results are indicated in Table 1 by an index based on comparative example 1 being 100, wherein the larger value is better.

(71) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Tire Ref. 1 Ref. 2 Ref. 3 Ref. 4 Ex. 1 Ex. 2 land ratio (%) crown region 92 92 98 98 98 98 shoulder region 90 90 98 80 90 90 tread rubber 0.21 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.21 tan δ at 0 deg. C. lane change 100 87 100 100 100 113 performance wet performance 100 120 84 123 120 100 cornering 100 103 112 93 108 105 performance cornering wear 100 103 108 91 108 105 performance

(72) From the test results, it was confirmed that, according to the present invention, the lane change performance, wet performance, cornering performance and cornering wear performance can be improved in good balance.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

(73) 1 tire 2 tread portion Cr crown region Sh shoulder region