Agricultural formulations, uses thereof and processes for preparation thereof

Abstract

The present invention is generally directed to an agricultural formulation comprising, ethaboxam, metalaxyl and a compound selected from the group consisting of 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide and mandestrobin, a process for preparing the agricultural formulation and methods of use thereof.

Claims

1. A stable agricultural formulation comprising: about 5.3% w/w ethaboxam: about 2.8% w/w metalaxyl; about 3.5% w/w 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide; about 43% w/w propylene glycol; water; from about 1.9% to about 2.5% w/w methyloxirane polymer; about 0.2% w/w of a sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate; from about 0.5% w/w to about 0.7% w/w a mixture of sodium salt of alkyl vinyl ether/maleic acid half-ester copolymer and polyvinyl pyrrolidone; about 0.02% w/w of a silicone emulsion; and from about 0.12% to about 0.24% w/w of a first component comprising about 19.3% w/w of 1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, wherein w/w of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one denotes weight by total weight of the first component, wherein w/w denotes weight by total weight of the composition formulation unless otherwise indicated.

2. The agricultural formulation of claim 1, further comprising clothianidin.

3. An agricultural formulation comprising: about 3.13% w/w mandestrobin; about 2.35% w/w ethaboxam; about 1.25% w/w metalaxyl; about 34.04% w/w propylene glycol; about 7.33% w/w of a colorant dispersant; about 0.065% w/w methyloxirane polymer; about 0.26% or 1.26% w/w of a sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate; about 0.065% w/w of a mixture of sodium salt of alkyl vinyl ether/maleic acid half-ester copolymer and polyvinyl pyrrolidone; about 0.026% w/w of a silicone emulsion; about 0.3% w/w xanthan gum; about 0.24% w/w 1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one prepared at a concentration of 19.3%; about 1.0% or 3.0% w/w polyoxyethylene tristyrylphenol phosphate, potassium salt; about 2.5% w/w carnauba wax; and optionally, about 1.0% w/w alkylphenol ethoxylate free nonionic wetter and dispersant package, wherein w/w denotes weight by total weight of the formulation.

4. A method of protecting plants comprising treating plant propagation material with a fungicidally effective amount of the product of claim 1.

5. A method for controlling or preventing pest damage of plants comprising applying to the plant propagation material an effective amount of the product of claim 1.

6. A process for preparing an agricultural formulation comprising ethaboxam, metalaxyl and a compound selected from the group consisting of 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide and mandestrobin comprising the steps of: bead milling ethaboxam and the compound selected from the group consisting of 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide and mandestrobin to create a mill base; adding metalaxyl to propylene glycol and stirring to create a metalaxyl solution; and adding the metalaxyl solution to the mill base while agitating to create the agricultural mixture, wherein w/w denotes weight by total weight of the formulation.

7. The process of claim 6, wherein mill base comprises from about 1% to about 50% w/w ethaboxam and from about 1% to about 50% w/w of the compound selected from the group consisting of 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide and mandestrobin.

8. The process of claim 6, wherein the mill base further comprises methyloxirane polymer, a sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, a mixture of sodium salt of alkyl vinyl ether/maleic acid half-ester and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, a silicone emulsion, xanthan gum, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one and water.

9. The process of claim 8, wherein methyloxirane polymer is at a concentration from about 0.1% to about 2% w/w, the sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate is at a concentration from about 0.1% to about 2% w/w, the mixture of sodium salt of alkyl vinyl ether/maleic acid half-ester and polyvinyl pyrrolidone is at a concentration from about 0.1% to about 1.1% w/w, the silicone emulsion is at a concentration from about 0.01% to about 1.0% w/w, xanthan gum is at a concentration from about 0.01% to about 1.0% w/w, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one prepared at a concentration of 19.3% is at a concentration from about 0.01% to about 1.0% w/w and water is at a concentration from about 18% to about 98% w/w.

10. The process of claim 6, wherein the metalaxyl solution comprises from about 1% to about 20% w/w metalaxyl.

11. The process of claim 6, wherein the agricultural formulation further comprises additional propylene glycol, a wetting agent selected from the additional methyloxirane polymer, an alkylphenol ethoxylate free nonionic wetter and polyoxyethylene tristyrylphenol phosphate, a colorant dispersion and additional water.

12. The process of claim 11, wherein the agricultural formulation further comprises additional mixture of sodium salt of alkyl vinyl ether/maleic acid half-ester copolymer and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, additional xanthan gum and additional 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one.

13. The process of claim 11, wherein the agricultural formulation further comprises clothianidin.

14. The process of claim 6, wherein the agricultural formulation comprises from about 15% to about 35% w/w of the mill base and from about 10% to about 30% w/w of the metalaxyl solution.

15. The process of claim 6, wherein the agricultural formulation comprises from about 10% to about 20% w/w of the additional propylene glycol.

16. The process of claim 6, wherein the agricultural formulation comprises from about 0.5% to about 5% w/w of a wetting agent selected from the group consisting of additional methyloxirane polymer, alkylphenol ethoxylate free nonionic wetter and polyoxyethylene tristyrylphenol phosphate.

17. An agricultural formulation produced by the process of claim 6.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(1) The Applicant has discovered a stable agricultural formulation comprising ethaboxam, metalaxyl and a compound selected from the group consisting of 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide and mandestrobin can be produced. The Applicant has further discovered a process by which these agricultural formulations can be made. A stable agricultural formulation comprising ethaboxam, metalaxyl and a compound selected from the group consisting of 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide and mandestrobin is unexpected because of the co-melting that occurs between metalaxyl and other low-melting point actives. As previously mentioned, stable formulations containing metalaxyl are difficult to obtain because metalaxyl forms undesirable crystals. Applicants unexpectedly found that processes and formulations of the present invention provide a superior solution to this known problem in the art. Further, the agricultural formulation of the present invention is surprisingly stable when blended with NipsIt INSIDE®.

(2) In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to an agricultural formulation comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide and mandestrobin, preferably at a concentration from about 1% to about 10% w/w, ethaboxam, preferably at a concentration from about 1% to about 10% w/w, metalaxyl, preferably at a concentration from about 1% to about 5% w/w, propylene glycol, preferably at a concentration from about 10% to about 50% w/w, the wetting agent, preferably at a concentration from about 0.05% to about 10% w/w, a sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, preferably at a concentration from about 0.1% to about 2% w/w, a mixture of sodium salt of alkyl vinyl ether/maleic acid half-ester copolymer and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, preferably at a concentration from about 0.01% to about 2% w/w, and a silicone emulsion, preferably at a concentration from about 0.01% to about 1% w/w. and optionally, xanthan gum, preferably at a concentration from about 0.01% to about 1% w/w and 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one prepared at a concentration of 19.3%, preferably at a concentration from about 0.01% to about 1% w/w, and optionally, a colorant, preferably at a concentration from about 1% to 30% w/w.

(3) In another embodiment, the present invention is further directed to a process for preparing an agricultural formulation comprising ethaboxam, metalaxyl and a compound selected from the group consisting of 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide and mandestrobin, comprising the steps of: bead milling ethaboxam and a compound selected from the group consisting of 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide and mandestrobin, to create a mill base; adding metalaxyl to propylene glycol, preferably at a temperature from about 40° C. to about 70° C., more preferably at a temperature of 54° C. and stirring to create a metalaxyl solution; and adding the metalaxyl solution to the mill base while agitating to create the agricultural formulation.

(4) In another embodiment, the present invention is further directed to an agricultural formulation comprising ethaboxam, metalaxyl and a compound selected from the group consisting of 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide and mandestrobin, produced by a process comprising the steps of:

(5) bead milling ethaboxam and a compound selected from the group consisting of 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide and mandestrobin, to create a mill base; adding metalaxyl to propylene glycol preferably at a temperature from about 40° C. to about 70° C., more preferably at a temperature of 54° C. and stirring to create a metalaxyl solution; and adding the metalaxyl solution to the mill base while agitating to create the agricultural formulation.

(6) In a preferred embodiment, the mill base comprises from about 1% to about 50% w/w ethaboxam, preferably about 15% to about 30% w/w and more preferably from about 19% to about 27% w/w and from about 1% to about 50% w/w of a compound selected from the group consisting of 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3 R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide and mandestrobin, preferably about 15% to about 30% w/w and more preferably from about 18% to about 26% w/w.

(7) In another preferred embodiment, the mill base comprises methyloxirane polymer, preferably at a concentration from about 0.1% to about 3% w/w, a sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, preferably at a concentration from about 0.1% to about 2% w/w, a mixture of sodium salt of alkyl vinyl ether/maleic acid half-ester and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, preferably at a concentration from about 0.1% to about 1.1% w/w, a silicone emulsion, preferably at a concentration from about 0.01% to about 1.0% w/w, xanthan gum, preferably at a concentration from about 0.01% to about 1.0% w/w, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one prepared at a concentration of 19.3%, preferably at a concentration from about 0.01% to about 1.0% w/w and water, preferably at a concentration from about 18% to about 98% w/w.

(8) In another preferred embodiment, the metalaxyl solution comprises from about 1% to about 20% w/w metalaxyl and from about 80% to about 99% propylene glycol.

(9) In another preferred embodiment, the agricultural formulation further comprises additional propylene glycol, preferably at a concentration from about 10% to about 20% w/w, a wetting agent selected from the additional methyloxirane polymer, an alkylphenol ethoxylate free nonionic wetter and polyoxyethylene tristyrylphenol phosphate, preferably the wetting agent is at a concentration from about 0.5% to about 5% w/w, a colorant dispersion and water.

(10) In another preferred embodiment, the agricultural formulation further comprises additional mixture of sodium salt of alkyl vinyl ether/maleic acid half-ester copolymer and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, 25% carnauba wax emulsion, additional xanthan gum and additional 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one.

(11) In another preferred embodiment, the agricultural formulation comprises from about 15% to about 35% w/w of the mill base and from about 10% to about 30% w/w of the metalaxyl solution.

(12) In another preferred embodiment, the agricultural formulation further comprises clothianidin.

(13) In another embodiment, the present invention is further directed to an agricultural formulation comprising: about 3.13% w/w mandestrobin; about 2.35% w/w ethaboxam; about 1.25% w/w metalaxyl; about 34.04% w/w propylene glycol; about 7.33% w/w of a colorant dispersant; about 0.065% w/w methyloxirane polymer; about 0.26% or 1.26% w/w of a sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate; about 0.065% w/w of a mixture of sodium salt of alkyl vinyl ether/maleic acid half-ester copolymer and polyvinyl pyrrolidone; about 0.026% w/w of a silicone emulsion; about 0.3% w/w xanthan gum; about 0.24% w/w 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one prepared at a concentration of 19.3%; about 1.0% or 3.0% w/w polyoxyethylene tristyrylphenol phosphate, potassium salt; about 2.5% w/w carnauba wax; and optionally, about 1.0% w/w alkylphenol ethoxylate free nonionic wetter and dispersant package.

(14) In another embodiment, the present invention is further directed to an agricultural formulation comprising: about 4.7% w/w 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide; about 7.1% w/w ethaboxam; about 1.9% w/w metalaxyl; about 32.2% w/w propylene glycol; about 20.5% w/w of a colorant dispersant; about 2.1% w/w methyloxirane polymer; about 0.26% w/w of a sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate; about 0.07% w/w of a mixture of sodium salt of alkyl vinyl ether/maleic acid half-ester copolymer and polyvinyl pyrrolidone; about 0.03% w/w of a silicone emulsion; about 0.15% w/w xanthan gum; and about 0.24% w/w 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one prepared at a concentration of 19.3%.

(15) In another embodiment, the present invention is further directed to an agricultural formulation comprising: about 3.6% w/w 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3 R) -1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide; about 5.3% w/w ethaboxam; about 2.8% w/w metalaxyl; about 43.0% w/w propylene glycol; about 15.5% w/w of a colorant dispersant; about 1.9% w/w methyloxirane polymer; about 0.2% w/w of a sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate; about 0.51% w/w of a mixture of sodium salt of alkyl vinyl ether/maleic acid half-ester copolymer and polyvinyl pyrrolidone; about 0.02% w/w of a silicone emulsion; about 0.12% w/w xanthan gum; and about 0.24% w/w 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one prepared at a concentration of 19.3%.

(16) In another embodiment, the present invention is further directed to a method of protecting plants comprising treating plant propagation material with a fungicidally effective amount of an agricultural formulation of the present invention.

(17) In another embodiment, the present invention is further directed to a method for controlling or preventing pest damage of plants comprising applying to the plant propagation material an effective amount of an agricultural formulation of the present invention onto a plant propagation material.

(18) As used herein, “plant propagation material” refers to seeds, bulbs, rhizomes and tubers.

(19) In a preferred embodiment, the plant propagation material is a seed. In a more preferred embodiment, the formulations of the present invention are applied to the seeds before they are planted.

(20) In another preferred embodiment, the plant that is treated is a crop plant. In a more preferred embodiment, the crop plant is selected from the group consisting of corn, soybeans, beans, peas, lentils, flax, wheat, rice, canola, sorghum, barley, oats, rye, millet and sugar beets.

(21) The phrase “effective amount” of the formulation means a sufficient amount of the formulation to provide the desired effect. In general, the formulation is employed in amounts that do not inhibit germination of the seeds (or cause phytotoxic damage to the seeds) while providing adequate pest control. Pest control can mean reducing pest damage to the plant, reducing the amount of pests on the plant or in its immediate environment, or preventing the pests from reproducing, among other things. The amount of the formulation may vary depending on specific crops and other factors. It is well within the ordinary skill in the art to determine the necessary amount of the formulation.

(22) As used herein, “pest” refers to pathogens and parasites that negatively affect the host plants by colonizing, attacking, irritating, or feeding upon them, or competing for nutrients with the host. A pest may be, for example, an undesirable bacterium, fungus including fungal pathogens, or insect.

(23) Fungal pathogens include but are not limited to Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, Pythium Phytophthora, Phomopsis, and seed decay fungi including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Rhizopus, and Basidiomycete bunt and smut fungi.

(24) As used herein, “plant” and “plants” refer to wild type and genetically modified members of the plant kingdom, including higher (vascular) plants and lower (non-vascular) plants.

(25) As used herein, “crop plants” refers to cereal, legumes, forage crops, stem and leaf crops, tuber, bulb and root crops, fruit and seed vegetables, fruit and nut crops, beverage crops, oil, fat and wax crops, spices, perfumes and flavorings, and ornamentals, forest and fiber crops.

(26) The formulations of the present invention may be applied simultaneous or sequentially to the areas in need of treatment.

(27) The formulations of the present invention can be applied to any environment in need of pest control. The environment in need of pest control may include any area that is desired to have a reduced number of pests or to be free of pests. For example, the pesticide can be applied to areas where crop plants are grown.

(28) As used herein, “controlling or preventing pest damage in a growing plant” refers to maintaining the population of the target pest at a rate per plant such that the plant is viable and produces an agriculturally useful product.

(29) As used herein, all numerical values relating to amounts, weights, and the like, that are defined as “about” each particular value is plus or minus 10%. For example, the phrase “about 10% w/w” is to be understood as “9% w/w to 11% w/w.” Therefore, amounts within 10% of the claimed value are encompassed by the scope of the claims.

(30) As used herein “% w/w” and “percent w/w” refer to the percent weight of the total formulation.

(31) The disclosed embodiments are simply exemplary embodiments of the inventive concepts disclosed herein and should not be considered as limiting, unless the claims expressly state otherwise.

(32) The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention and to teach one of ordinary skill in the art how to use the formulations of the invention. They are not intended to be limiting in any way.

EXAMPLES

Example 1-Preparing a stable 3-(di fluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N- [(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide, ethaboxam, and metalaxyl formulation

(33) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Mill Base % w/w Ethaboxam 27.00 3-(difluoromethyl)-1- 18.00 methyl-N-[(3R)- 1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3- dihydroinden-4- yl]pyrazole-4- carboxamide Methyloxirane 0.25 polymer Sodium salt of 1.00 naphthalene sulfonate condensate Mixture of sodium 0.25 salt of alkyl vinyl ether/maleic acid half-ester copolymer and polyvinyl pyrrolidone Silicone emulsion 0.10 Xanthan gum 0.12 19.3% 1,2- 0.12 benzisothiazolin-3- one Water 53.16

(34) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 % w/w 1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A Mill base 25.818 25.818 25.818 25.818 25.818 25.818 25.818 10% Metalaxyl 20.091 20.091 20.091 20.091 20.091 20.091 20.091 Solution Propylene Glycol 13.636 13.636 13.636 13.636 13.636 13.636 13.636 Alkylphenol  1.818  3.636 — — — — — ethoxylate free nonionic wetter and dispersant package Methyloxirane — —  1.818  3.636  1.000  2.000  3.000 polymer Colorant 20.182 20.182 20.182 20.182 20.182 20.182 20.182 Dispersion Water 18.455 16.637 18.455 16.637 19.273 18.273 17.273

(35) Ethaboxam TG was used as the source of ethaboxam and is available from Sumitomo Chemical.

(36) 3-(Difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide is available from Sumitomo Chemical.

(37) Metalaxyl TG was used as the source for metalaxyl and is available from Nufarm Americas, Inc.

(38) Pluronic® P-104 was used as the source of methyloxirane polymer (Pluronic is a registered trademark of and available from BASF Corporation).

(39) Morwet® D-425 was used as the source of sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate (Morwet is a registered trademark of and available from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC).

(40) Easy-Sperse® P-20 was used as the source of mixture of sodium salt of alkyl vinyl ether/maleic acid half-ester copolymer and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (Easy-Sperse is a registered trademark of ISP Investments, Inc. and is available from Ashland).

(41) Tersperse® 4894 was used as the source of alkylphenol ethoxylate free nonionic wetter and dispersant package (Tersperse is a registered trademark of and available from Huntsman Petrochemical Corporation).

(42) Xiameter® AFE-0010 was used the source of silicone emulsion (Xiameter is a registered trademark of and available from Dow Corning Corporation).

(43) Kelzan® CC was used as the source of xanthan gum (Kelzan is a registered trademark of and available from CP Kelco).

(44) Proxel® GXL was used as the source of 19.3% 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (Proxel is a registered trademark of Arch UK Biocides and is available from Lonza).

(45) Treating Solutions™ Red 1048 was used as the source of colorant dispersion (Treating Solutions is a trademark of and available from Milliken & Company).

(46) Method

(47) Methyloxirane polymer, a sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, a mixture of sodium salt of alkyl vinyl ether/maleic acid half-ester copolymer and polyvinyl pyrrolidone and a silicone emulsion were added to water under mechanical agitation until dissolved to create an excipient solution. 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide and ethaboxam were then dispersed in the excipient solution to create an active dispersion. The active solution was then milled with ceramic beads until the median particle diameter was less than 2.0 μm to achieve a milled suspension. Finally, an aqueous solution of xanthan gum and 19.3% 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one was added to the milled suspension to create a mill base. 20.8 grams of metalaxyl was dissolved in 200 grams of propylene glycol at 54° C. and then stirred to create a metalaxyl/propylene glycol solution. Alkylphenol ethoxylate free nonionic wetter and dispersant package or additional methyloxirane polymer was added to water under mechanical agitation until dissolved to create a surfactant solution. The surfactant solution was then added to the mill base while undergoing agitation. The rest of propylene glycol and the metalaxyl/propylene glycol solution were then added to the above-mentioned formulation followed by a colorant dispersion while undergoing agitation to create the final formulations.

Example 2-Storage Stability of Formulations 1A-7A

(48) Methods

(49) Formulations 1A-7A from Table 2, above, were each separately subjected to 5 cycles of freeze thaw, 2 weeks at 54° C. and optionally, 4 weeks at 50° C. The physical properties of the Formulations 1A-4A are detailed in Table 3, below. Bottom clear time is the time until the formulation flows away from the container bottom when approximately 62.5 milliliters of the formulation is placed in a 125-milliliter plastic jar and placed on its side. Formulations 1A-4A were prepared as a small batch and 20 grams of each were stored in separate 30-milliliter glass vial. Formulations 5A-7A were prepared as a large batch and 70 grams of each were stored in a plastic jar. Chemical properties of Formulations 5A and 7A are detailed in Table 4, below.

(50) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 1A 2A 3A 4A F/T 2 Weeks F/T 2 Weeks F/T 2 Weeks F/T 2 Weeks Initial Cycle 54° C. Initial Cycle 54° C. Initial Cycle 54° C. Initial Cycle 54° C. Syneresis % n/a 0   10    n/a 0   15    n/a 0   4.6  n/a 0   6   Bottom n/a <1′.sup.    >26″    n/a <1″   >8′.sup.    n/a <1″   4′48″ n/a <1″   13″   Clear Time pH 7.36 7.33 7.28 7.35 7.23 7.11 7.60 7.53 7.34 7.55 7.49 7.34 Particle 1.60 1.42 2.11 1.45 1.56 1.62 1.46 1.46 1.46 1.54 1.68 2.70 Size (d.sub.0.5 μm) Viscosity 49.50  68.00  64.80  50.10  55.00  52.60  46.90  56.50  56.80  66.10  78.30  63.80  (50 s.sup.−1 mPa) Sieve n/a  0.014 0.15 n/a  0.007  0.066 n/a  0.015  0.014 n/a  0.065 0.02 Residue (% > 150 μm) 5A 6A 7A F/T 2 Weeks 4 Weeks F/T 2 Weeks 4 Weeks F/T 2 Weeks 4 Weeks Initial Cycle 54° C. 50° C. Initial Cycle 54° C. 50° C. Initial Cycle 54° C. 50° C. Syneresis % n/a 0   9.5  4.2  n/a 0   Trace 7.9  n/a 0   Trace 7.9  Bottom n/a <1″   >30′.sup.    >30′.sup.    n/a <1″   10″   12″   n/a <1″   10″   10″   Clear Time pH 7.53 7.52 7.27 7.26 7.42 7.53 7.28 7.28 7.48 7.62 7.40 7.28 Particle 1.56 1.93 1.98 1.83 1.54 1.70 1.62 1.57 1.52 1.81 1.53 1.49 Size (d.sub.0.5 μm) Viscosity 38.70  70.90  72.50  63.00  42.10  61.90  60.60  60.60  46.60  65.90  61.00  64.10  (50 s.sup.−1 mPa) Sieve n/a  0.002  0.003  0.003 n/a  0.003  0.001  0.004 n/a  0.003  0.001  0.004 Residue (% > 150 μm)

(51) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 5A 7A 2 Weeks 4 Weeks 2 Weeks 4 Weeks % w/w Initial F/T Cycle 54° C. 50° C. Initial F/T Cycle 54° C. 50° C. Ethaboxam 7.03 6.84 6.77 6.73 6.96 6.96 6.87 6.83 3-(difluoromethyl)-1- 4.71 4.60 4.62 4.61 4.69 4.55 4.57 4.60 methyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3- trimethyl-2,3- dihydroinden-4- yl]pyrazole-4- carboxamide Metalaxyl 1.94 1.95 1.95 1.93 1.97 1.95 1.95 1.96
Results

(52) As can be seen in Tables 3 and 4, formulations of the present invention are physically and chemically stable following accelerated storage testing.

Example 3-Stability of a Blend of Formulations 1A-7A with Nipslt INSIDE®

(53) Methods

(54) Formulations 1A-7A from Table 2, above, were each blended with Nipslt INSIDE® (Nipslt INSIDE is a registered trademark of and available from Valent U.S.A. LLC) at approximately 1:1 ratio, and separately subjected to 5 cycles of freeze thaw, 2 weeks at 54° C. and optionally, 4 weeks at 40° C. The physical properties of the final formulations are detailed in Table 5, below.

(55) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 1A + NipsIt INSIDE ® 2A + NipsIt INSIDE ® 2 Weeks 2 Weeks Initial F/T Cycle 54° C. Initial F/T Cycle 54° C. Syneresis % n/a 4.9  7.4  n/a 4.9  7.4  Bottom Clear Time n/a 1′18″ 12″   n/a 11″   12″   pH 7.11 7.09 7.02 7.04 6.89 6.97 Particle Size 1.29 1.66 1.70 1.57 1.92 1.76 (d.sub.0.5 μm) Viscosity 74.10  88.60  78.90  84.50  105.00  85.00  (50 s.sup.−1 mPa) Sieve Residue n/a  0.017  0.021 n/a 0.02  0.023 (% > 150 μm) 3A + NipsIt INSIDE ® 4A + NipsIt INSIDE ® 2 Weeks 2 Weeks Initial F/T Cycle 54° C. Initial F/T Cycle 54° C. Syneresis % n/a 4.9  7.3  n/a 4.9  5   Bottom Clear Time n/a 103″    12″   n/a 15″   12″   pH 7.25 7.06 7.20 7.19 7.01 7.16 Particle Size 1.51 1.98 1.67 1.64 2.02 1.61 (d.sub.0.5 μm) Viscosity 82.40  102.00  83.00  95.70  110.00  95.50  (50 s.sup.−1 mPa) Sieve Residue n/a  0.023  0.033 n/a  0.029  0.045 (% > 150 μm) 5A + NipsIt INSIDE ® 6A + NipsIt INSIDE ® 2 Weeks 4 Weeks 2 Weeks 4 Weeks Initial F/T Cycle 54° C. 40° C. Initial F/T Cycle 54° C. 40° C. Syneresis % n/a 5.7  13    9.9  n/a 7.3  10    9.3  Bottom Clear Time n/a 9″   20″   40″   n/a 9″   20″   1′40″ pH 7.18 7.19 7.21 6.88 7.06 7.08 7.25 6.84 Particle Size 1.58 1.88 1.59 1.72 1.58 1.88 1.67 1.66 (d.sub.0.5 μm) Viscosity 74.60  91.50  77.90  93.50  75.50  95.60  79.90  111.00  (50 s.sup.−1 mPa) Sieve Residue n/a  0.013  0.002  0.003 n/a  0.007  0.003  0.003 (% > 150 μm) 7A + NipsIt INSIDE ® 2 Weeks 4 Weeks Initial F/T Cycle 54° C. 40° C. Syneresis % n/a 8.5  13    14    Bottom Clear Time n/a 9″   20″   3′20″ pH 7.16 7.13 7.27 6.89 Particle Size 1.59 1.89 1.65 1.52 (d.sub.0.5 μm) Viscosity 77.10  97.10  80.90  90.70  (50 s.sup.−1 mPa) Sieve Residue n/a  0.010  0.006  0.005 (% > 150 μm)
Results

(56) As can be seen in Table 5, formulations of the present invention blended with Nipslt INSIDE® are physically stable following accelerated storage testing.

Example 4-Preparing a Stable 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide, ethaboxam, and metalaxyl Formulation

(57) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Mill Base % w/w Ethaboxam 27.00 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3R)- 18.00 1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-4- yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide Methyloxirane polymer 0.25 Sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate 1.00 condensate Mixture of sodium salt of alkyl vinyl 0.25 ether/maleic acid half-ester copolymer and polyvinyl pyrrolidone Silicone emulsion 0.10 Xanthan gum 0.12 19.3% 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.12 Water 53.16

(58) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 % w/w 8A 8B 9A 10A Mill base 19.72 19.72 19.72 19.72 10% Metalaxyl Solution 28.43 28.43 28.43 28.43 Propylene Glycol 17.41 17.41 17.41 17.36 Mixture of sodium salt of alkyl 0.46 0.46 0.65 0.46 vinyl ether/maleic acid half- ester copolymer and polyvinyl pyrrolidone Methyloxirane polymer 1.85 1.85 1.85 2.46 Xanthan gum 0.097 0.097 0.097 0.097 19.3% 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3- 0.097 0.217 0.097 0.097 one Colorant Dispersion 15.46 15.46 15.46 15.46 Water 16.476 16.356 16.286 15.916

(59) Ethaboxam TG was used as the source of ethaboxam and is available from Sumitomo Chemical.

(60) 3-(Difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide is available from Sumitomo Chemical.

(61) Metalaxyl TG was used as the source for metalaxyl and is available from Nufarm Americas, Inc.

(62) Pluronic® P-104 was used as the source of methyloxirane polymer.

(63) Morwet® D-425 was used as the source of sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate.

(64) Easy-Sperse® P-20 was used as the source of mixture of sodium salt of alkyl vinyl ether/maleic acid half-ester copolymer and polyvinyl pyrrolidone.

(65) Xiameter® AFE-0010 was used the source of silicone emulsion.

(66) Kelzan® CC was used as the source of xanthan gum.

(67) Proxel® GXL was used as the source of 19.3% 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one.

(68) Treating Solutions™ Red 1048 was used as the source of colorant dispersion.

(69) Method

(70) Methyloxirane polymer, a sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, a mixture of sodium salt of alkyl vinyl ether/maleic acid half-ester copolymer and polyvinyl pyrrolidone and a silicone emulsion were added to water under mechanical agitation until dissolved to create an excipient solution. 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroinden-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide and ethaboxam were then dispersed in the excipient solution to create an active dispersion. The active dispersion was then milled with ceramic beads until the median particle diameter was less than 2.0 μm to achieve a milled suspension. Finally, an aqueous solution of xanthan gum and 19.3% 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one was added to the milled suspension to create a mill base. 20.8 grams of metalaxyl was dissolved in 179.2 grams of propylene glycol at 54° C. and then stirred to create a metalaxyl/propylene glycol solution. Additional methyloxirane polymer was heated at 54° C. and added to propylene glycol under mechanical agitation until dissolved to create a surfactant solution. Additional aqueous solution of xanthan gum and 19.3% 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, additional amount of a mixture of sodium salt of alkyl vinyl ether/maleic acid half-ester copolymer and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, the surfactant solution, propylene glycol, the metalaxyl solution, and a colorant dispersion were then added to the mill base while undergoing agitation to create the final formulations.

Example 5-Storage Stability of Formulations 8A-10A

(71) Methods

(72) Formulations 8A-10A from Table 7, above, were each separately subjected to 5 cycles of freeze thaw and 4 weeks at 50° C. The physical properties of the Formulations 8A-10A are detailed in Table 8, below. Bottom clear time is the time until the formulation flows away from the container bottom when approximately 62.5 milliliters of the formulation is placed in a 125-milliliter plastic jar and placed on its side. Chemical properties of Formulations 8A-10A are detailed in Table 9, below.

(73) TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 8A 9A 10A 4 Weeks 4 Weeks 4 Weeks Initial F/T Cycle 50° C. Initial F/T Cycle 50° C. Initial F/T Cycle 50° C. Syneresis % n/a 0   trace n/a 0  0   n/a 0   0   Bottom Clear Time n/a 1″   10″   n/a 1″   10″   n/a 1″   8″   pH 7.39 7.43 7.23 7.16 7.20 7.02 7.39 7.41 7.18 Particle 1.61 1.80 1.38 1.52 1.86 1.43 1.55 1.81 1.36 Size (d.sub.0.5 μm) Viscosity 125.9   135.5   174.3   117.7   140.3   177.8   115.1   144.3   156.0   (50 s.sup.−1 mPa) Sieve n/a  0.001  0.001 n/a  0.001  0.002 n/a  0.001  0.002 Residue (% > 150 μm)

(74) TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 8A 9A 10A 4 Weeks 4 Weeks 4 Weeks % w/w Initial F/T Cycle 50° C. Initial F/T Cycle 50° C. Initial F/T Cycle 50° C. Ethaboxam 5.20 5.23 5.18 5.21 5.18 5.14 5.13 5.10 5.08 3-(difluoromethyl)-1- 3.48 3.48 3.46 3.46 3.48 3.46 3.49 3.49 3.45 methyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3- trimethyl-2,3- dihydroinden-4- yl]pyrazole-4- carboxamide Metalaxyl 2.84 2.84 2.83 2.82 2.82 2.81 2.82 2.83 2.83
Results

(75) As can be seen in Tables 8 and 9, formulations of the present invention are physically and chemically stable following accelerated storage testing.

Example 6-Stability of a Blend of Formulations 8A-10A with Nipslt INSIDE®

(76) Methods

(77) Formulations 8A-10A from Table 7, above, were each blended with Nipslt INSIDE® at 57:43 ratio, and separately subjected to 5 cycles of freeze thaw and 4 weeks at 50° C. The physical properties of the final formulations are detailed in Table 10, below.

(78) TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 8A + NipsIt INSIDE ® 9A + NipsIt INSIDE ® 10A + NipsIt INSIDE ® 4 Weeks 4 Weeks 4 Weeks Initial F/T Cycle 50° C. Initial F/T Cycle 50° C. Initial F/T Cycle 50° C. Syneresis % n/a Trace Trace n/a Trace Trace n/a Trace Trace Bottom Clear Time n/a 1″   15″   n/a 1″   12″   n/a 1″   12″   pH 7.29 7.20 6.63 7.09 7.04 6.56 7.24 7.13 6.60 Particle Size 1.68 2.00 2.22 1.69 1.89 2.66 1.70 1.84 2.29 (d.sub.0.5 μm) Viscosity 126.0   156.7   200.4   128.3   155.7   201.9   129.0   154.6   185.1   (50 s.sup.−1 mPa) Sieve Residue n/a  0.032  0.032 n/a  0.027  0.032 n/a  0.031  0.033 (% > 150 μm)
Results

(79) As can be seen in Table 10, formulations of the present invention blended with Nipslt INSIDE® are physically stable following accelerated storage testing.

Example 7-Preparing a Stable Mandestrobin, Ethaboxam, and Metalaxyl Formulation

(80) TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Ingredient 11A 12A 13A 14A 15A Ethaboxam 2.38 2.38 2.35 2.35 2.35 Metalaxyl 1.27 1.27 1.25 1.25 1.25 Mandestrobin 3.17 3.17 3.13 3.13 3.13 Methyloxirane 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.065 polymer Sodium salt of 0.262 0.262 1.262 1.262 0.262 naphthalene sulfonate condensate Mixture of sodium 0.065 1.065 0.065 0.065 0.065 salt of alkyl vinyl ether/maleic acid half-ester copolymer and polyvinyl pyrrolidone Alkylphenol 1.0 — 1.0 — — ethoxylate free nonionic wetter and dispersant package Polyoxyethylene — — 1.0 3.0 3.0 tristyrylphenol phosphate, potassium salt Colorant dispersion — — 7.33 7.33 7.33 19.3% 1,2- 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 benzisothiazolin-3- one Carnauba wax, 25% 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 emulsion Silicone emulsion 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 Xanthan gum 0.3 0.151 0.3 0.3 0.3 Propylene glycol 35.381 35.441 34.041 34.041 34.041 Water Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S.

(81) Stepfac™ TSP PE-K (CAS #163436-84-8) is polyoxyethylene tristyrylphenol phosphate, potassium salt and is available from Stepan Corp.

(82) Michem® Lube 156P (CAS# proprietary) is used as the source of carnauba wax (25% emulsion in water) and is a registered trademark of and available from Michelman Inc.

(83) Agrocer® Red 112 is used as the source of colorant dispersion and is a registered trademark and available from Clariant AG.

(84) Method

(85) Methyloxirane polymer, a sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, a mixture of sodium salt of alkyl vinyl ether/maleic acid half-ester copolymer and polyvinyl pyrrolidone and a silicone emulsion were added to water under mechanical agitation until dissolved to create an excipient solution. Mandestrobin and ethaboxam were then dispersed in the excipient solution to create an active dispersion. The active solution was then milled with ceramic beads until the median particle diameter was less than 2.0 μm to achieve a milled suspension. Finally, an aqueous solution of xanthan gum and 19.3% 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one was added to the milled suspension to create a mill base. 20.8 grams of metalaxyl was dissolved in 179.2 grams of propylene glycol at 54° C. and then stirred to create a metalaxyl/propylene glycol solution. Additional aqueous solution of xanthan gum and 19.3% 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, either alkylphenol ethoxylate free nonionic wetter and dispersant package or additional amount of a mixture of sodium salt of alkyl vinyl ether/maleic acid half-ester copolymer and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, 25% carnauba wax emulsion, the rest of propylene glycol, and the metalaxyl solution were then added to the mill base while undergoing agitation to create the final formulations.

Example 8-Storage Stability of Formulations 11A and 12A

(86) Formulations 11A and 12A from Table 11, above, were each separately subjected to 5 cycles of freeze thaw, 2 weeks at 54° C. and 4 and 8 weeks at 50° C. The physical properties of the Formulations 11A and 12A are detailed in Table 12, below. Bottom clear time is the time until the formulation flows away from the container bottom when approximately 62.5 milliliters of the formulation is placed in a 125-milliliter plastic jar and placed on its side. Formulations 11A and 12A were prepared as a small batch and 20 grams of each were stored in separate 30-milliliter glass vial.

(87) TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 11A 12A 2 4 8 2 4 8 F/T Weeks Weeks Weeks F/T Weeks Weeks Weeks Initial Cycle 54° C. 50° C. 50° C. Initial Cycle 54° C. 50° C. 50° C. Syner- — 0 2.97% 9.43% 30.77% — 7.50% 9.21% 9.30% 13.30% esis % Bottom — 1 s 1 s 1 s 1 s — 1 s 1 s 1 s 1 s Clear Time Spray- 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.006% 0.000% 0.003% 0.000% 0.003% 0.003% ability pH 6.88 6.66 6.37 6.42 5.91 6.08 5.97 5.50 5.54 5.32 Vis- 1860 1985 2047 20.18 2075 1333 1352 1569 1477 1385 cosity (1 s.sup.−1 mPa) Vis- 117.5 126.8 134.3 132.9 135.4 99.09 103.6 125.6 115.8 111.4 cosity (50 s.sup.−1 mPa) G′ 3.985 4.232 4.613 4.517 4.38 2.582 2.711 3.083 2.962 2.666 (t = 0.1 Pa) G″ 2.257 2.405 2.615 2.568 2.607 1.779 1.848 2.114 2.039 1.979 (t = 0.1 Pa) G′/G″ 1.77 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.68 1.45 1.47 1.46 1.45 1.35 ratio

(88) TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 13A 14A 2 Weeks 4 Weeks 8 Weeks 2 Weeks Initial F/T Cycle 54° C. 50° C. 50° C. F/T Cycle 54° C. Syneresis % — 0.00% 0.00% 6.67% 0.15% 0.00% 0.00% Bottom Clear Time — 1 s 2 s 1 s 3 s 1 s 1 s Sprayability 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.003% 0.00% 0.00% pH 6.46 6.47 5.81 — 6.77 7.79 7.45 Viscosity 2183 2234 2616 4410 4389 2353 2650 (1 s.sup.−1 mPa) Viscosity 138.2 146.3 161.3 152 197.5 149.7 163.2 (50 s.sup.−1 mPa) G′ (t = 0.1 5.264 5.551 6.171 15.1 22.05 5.329 5.903 Pa) G″ (t = 0.1 2.835 2.949 3.198 3.466 4.606 2.912 3.163 Pa) G′/G″ ratio 1.86 1.88 1.93 4.36 4.79 1.83 1.87 15A 2 Weeks 4 Weeks 8 Weeks Initial F/T Cycle 54° C. 50° C. 50° C. Syneresis % — 2.70% 5.63% — 0.06% Bottom Clear Time — 1 s 1 s — 8s Sprayability 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.001% 0.004% pH 6.55 6.53 6.16 — 7.46 Viscosity 2332 23.5 2380 3487 3167 (1 s.sup.−1 mPa) Viscosity 142.4 142.3 150.5 140.3 150.2 (50 s.sup.−1 mPa) G′ (t = 0.1 Pa) 5.277 5.202 5.399 8.994 5.552 G″ (t = 0.1 Pa) 2.883 2.854 2.969 2.923 2.967 G′/G″ ratio 1.83 1.82 1.82 3.08 1.87
Results

(89) As can be seen in Tables 12 and 13, formulations of the present invention are physically stable following accelerated storage testing.