Crusher

Abstract

The invention relates to a crusher (10), in particular a rock crusher, having a crusher unit (40), to which a band conveyor unit (60) having an endlessly circulating band conveyor is indirectly or directly assigned, wherein a magnetic separator (70) having a magnet (79) is held in the area of the band conveyor unit (60) above the band conveyor in the direction opposite from the direction of gravity,

and wherein an adjustment unit (80) is provided, which can be used to change the height of the magnet (79) above the band conveyor. To enable the reliable operation of such a crusher, it is provided according to the invention that the magnetic separator (70) is suspended from at least two limp ties (81, 82, 84, 85), and that the limp ties (81, 82, 84, 85) can be adjusted by means of at least one actuator unit (90) to change the height of the magnet (79).

Claims

1-14. (canceled)

15. A rock crusher, comprising: a crusher unit; a band conveyor unit arranged to convey crushed rock directly or indirectly from the crusher unit, the band conveyor unit including an endlessly circulating band conveyor; a magnetic separator held above the band conveyor in a direction opposite from a direction of gravity, the magnetic separator including a magnet; and an adjustment unit including: at least two flexible ties suspending the magnetic separator above the band conveyor; and at least one actuator configured to adjust the flexible ties to change a height of the magnetic separator above the band conveyor.

16. The rock crusher of claim 15, wherein: the at least two flexible ties are coupled together for synchronized motion when the at least two flexible ties are adjusted by the at least one actuator.

17. The rock crusher of claim 16, wherein: the adjustment unit includes at least two rotatably mounted deflectors about which the at least two flexible ties are routed to synchronize the motion of the two flexible ties when the at least two flexible ties are adjusted by the at least one actuator.

18. The rock crusher of claim 15, wherein: the magnetic separator includes first and second spaced suspension connectors; and the adjustment unit includes: first and second rotatable deflectors coupled to each other for synchronized rotation; wherein: the at least two flexible ties includes first and second flexible ties; the first flexible tie includes a first tension strand connected to the first suspension connector using a first coupling element, the first flexible tie being routed around the first deflector, and the first tension strand merging into a first retaining segment of the first flexible tie beyond the first deflector; the second flexible tie includes a second tension strand connected to the second suspension connector using a second coupling element, the second flexible tie being routed around the second deflector, and the second tension strand merging into a second retaining segment of the second flexible tie beyond the second deflector; and at least one of the first and second retaining segments is connected to the at least one actuator.

19. The rock crusher of claim 18, wherein: the adjustment unit includes a shaft, and the first and second rotatable deflectors are attached to the shaft for synchronized rotation with the shaft.

20. The rock crusher of claim 18, wherein: the adjustment unit includes a strand segment of one of the flexible ties, the strand segment running between the first and second rotatable deflectors to synchronize the rotation of the rotatable deflectors.

21. The rock crusher of claim 15, wherein: the magnetic separator includes at least two suspension connectors spaced from each other transversely to a conveying direction of the band conveyor, each of the suspension connectors being connected to one of the flexible ties.

22. The rock crusher of claim 21, wherein: the magnetic separator includes at least two suspension connectors spaced from each other in the conveying direction of the band conveyor, each of the suspension connectors being connected to one of the flexible ties.

23. The rock crusher of claim 15, wherein: the magnetic separator includes at least two suspension connectors spaced from each other in a conveying direction of the band conveyor, each of the suspension connectors being connected to one of the flexible ties.

24. The rock crusher of claim 15, wherein: at least two of the at least two flexible ties are connected by a common connector to the at least one actuator.

25. The rock crusher of claim 15, wherein: the at least one actuator is a hydraulic actuator including a cylinder, a piston guided in the cylinder, and a piston rod connected to the piston; and the piston rod or the cylinder is connected to the at least two flexible ties.

26. The rock crusher of claim 15, wherein: the at least one actuator is a hydraulic rotary actuator.

27. The rock crusher of claim 15, wherein: the at least one actuator is an electric rotary drive actuator or an electric linear drive actuator.

28. The rock crusher of claim 15, wherein: the at least one two flexible ties includes four flexible ties; and the at least one actuator includes two actuators, each actuator being coupled to a different pair of the flexible ties.

29. The rock crusher of claim 28, wherein: the two actuators are synchronized with each other.

30. The rock crusher of claim 15, wherein: the adjustment unit includes at least two rotatably mounted deflectors about which the at least two flexible ties are routed to synchronize the motion of the two flexible ties when the at least two flexible ties are adjusted by the at least one actuator; and wherein the at least two flexible ties are formed by roller chains or round link chains; and wherein the at least two rotatably mounted deflectors are sprockets.

31. The rock crusher of claim 15, wherein the magnetic separator comprises: two supports arranged at a distance from each other in a conveying direction of the band conveyor; at least two rollers mounted on the supports; an endlessly circulating belt conveyor mounted on the rollers such that a transport direction of the belt conveyor extends transversely to the conveying direction of the band conveyor, the belt conveyor forming two strands; and wherein the magnet is arranged between the two strands of the belt conveyor.

32. The rock crusher of claim 15, further comprising: a machine frame; and a locating element in the form of a chain attached to the magnetic separator and adjustably attached to the machine frame.

33. The rock crusher of claim 15, wherein: the actuator includes at least one shaft or roller on which the at least two flexible ties can be wound.

34. The rock crusher of claim 33, wherein: the actuator includes two shafts or rollers on each of which one of the flexible ties can be wound.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The invention is explained in greater detail below based on an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawings. In the Figures:

[0033] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a crusher,

[0034] FIG. 2 shows a side view of a detail of the crusher taken from FIG. 1,

[0035] FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a magnetic separator,

[0036] FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a deflector of the magnetic separator of FIG. 3,

[0037] FIG. 5 shows an enlarged detailed perspective view of the crusher of FIG. 1,

[0038] FIG. 6 shows a detailed perspective view of the magnetic separator of the crusher from below and

[0039] FIG. 7 shows a side view of a magnetic separator as a schematic functional diagram.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] FIG. 1 shows a crusher 10 for crushing mineral material. The crusher 10 has a machine frame 12, which is supported by two undercarriages 11, in particular two crawler tracks. The machine frame 11 has a working area 13, which can be accessed via a ladder 14. An operator can perform maintenance and repair work in the work area. Furthermore, access to the crushing chamber, to a pre-screen or to a feed chute of the crusher is also provided to remove material jams if necessary or to make mechanical adjustments.

[0041] In the front area, the crusher 10 has a motor unit 15. The motor unit 15 comprises an internal combustion engine that supplies power to individual units of the crusher 10. Furthermore, the machine frame 12 has an extension arm 16 at the front end, from which a band conveyor unit 60 is suspended. In the rear end area, the crusher 10 has a feed unit 20 comprising a feed hopper. A conveying device 21, preferably a vibratory conveyor, is also arranged in the area of the feed hopper.

[0042] An excavator or any other loading device can be used to feed the material to be shredded into the feed hopper of the feed unit 20. The conveying device 21 transports the rock material to a screening device 30. There, the rock material is subjected to a screening process. The screened fine rock material is of a size that does not require further crushing in the downstream crusher unit 40. This screened fine rock material is typically bypassed past the crusher unit 40 and fed directly to the band conveyor unit 60. The coarse rock fraction that has not been screened out is fed to the crusher unit 40.

[0043] In this exemplary embodiment, the crusher unit 40 is designed as a jaw crusher. The coarse rock fraction is broken and crushed in the crusher unit 40. The crushed material falls below the crusher unit 40 onto a crusher discharge conveyor 50. The crusher discharge belt, which is preferably formed by a circulating belt conveyor, conveys the crushed rock material towards the band conveyor unit 60.

[0044] The band conveyor unit 60 comprises a band conveyor. This band conveyor is formed by an endless circulating means of conveyance. The band conveyor has a feed end 61 in the area of the crusher discharge belt. The crusher discharge conveyor 50 transfers the rock material to the band conveyor of the band conveyor unit 60 in the area of the feed end. The conveyor then transports the rock material towards a discharge end 62. Here the rock material leaves the band conveyor unit to be heaped onto a pile.

[0045] In this exemplary embodiment, an option is shown, in which a cover 63 is used to cover the top of the band conveyor of the band conveyor unit 60 to prevent rock material from accidentally falling off the band conveyor. The cover 63 forms a discharge opening 64 in the area of the discharge end 62.

[0046] As FIG. 1 further shows, a magnetic separator 70 is arranged in the area of the feed end 61 of the band conveyor unit 60.

[0047] The basic structure of the magnetic separator 70 can be seen in FIG. 7. As this embodiment shows, the magnetic separator 70 has two deflector elements 74, 75, which are spaced apart from each other and have the form of rollers. The axes of rotation of these two rollers are aligned in parallel to each other. The belt conveyor 76 of a conveying device 73 is routed around the deflector elements 74, 75. The belt conveyor 76 has an endless circumferential design. The belt conveyor 76 forms two strands 76.1, 76.2 that are arranged in parallel to each other. A magnet 79 is held between the two strands 76.1, 76.2.

[0048] To assist in the conveying action of the belt conveyor 76, ribs 76.3 projecting radially outwardly from the belt conveyor 76 are provided.

[0049] FIG. 3 shows the design of the magnetic separator 70 in more detail. As this Figure shows, the magnetic separator 70 has two supports 71, 72 spaced apart from each other. The deflector elements 74, 75 are rotatably mounted on these supports 71, 72. A motor 78, which may for instance be designed as a hydraulic motor, drives one of the deflector elements 74, 75. A drive shaft 78.1 extends from the motor 78, which is routed to the deflector element 74.

[0050] Protection plates 71.1 are provided below the supports 71, 72 to provide lateral protection for the belt conveyor 76. To improve the protective effect of the belt conveyor 76 or the deflector elements 74, 75, the protection plates 71.1 may also have folded edges 71.2.

[0051] FIG. 3 further shows that the supports 71, 72 each have two suspensions 77.1, 77.2. The suspensions 77.1, 77.2 may also be referred to as suspension connectors.

[0052] FIG. 2 shows the installation position of the magnetic separator 70. As this embodiment shows, the magnetic separator 70 is arranged above the band conveyor in a direction opposite to the direction of gravity.

[0053] An adjustment unit 80, which is shown in detail in FIG. 3, is used to secure the position of the magnetic separator 70. The adjustment unit 80 has four ties 81, 82, 84 and 85. The ties 81, 82, 84, 85 are formed by limp elements, in this exemplary embodiment by round-link chains. The two ties 81 and 84 are attached to the rear support 72, in the conveying direction of the band conveyor, at the rear suspensions 77.2. Coupling elements 81.2, 84.2 are used for this purpose. The coupling elements 81.2, 84.2 can be designed as shackles. The ties 81, 82, 84 and 85 may also be referred to as flexible ties.

[0054] The two further ties 82 and 85 are attached to the front support 71, in the conveying direction of the band conveyor, at the front suspensions 77.1. Again, corresponding coupling elements 82.3, 85.3 are used.

[0055] The two ties 82 and 85, which are spaced apart transversely to the conveying direction of the band conveyor, are each routed to a deflector 93, starting from the front suspensions 77.1, forming one tension strand each 82.1, 85.1.

[0056] The deflectors 93 are formed by gears, which may be sprockets for link-chains as in this case. The design of the sprockets for link-chains is illustrated by way of example in FIG. 4. As FIG. 4 shows, the deflector 93 has a hub 93.1. The hub 93.1 is penetrated by a bore 93.2. A notch 93.3 is provided in the area of the bore 93.2, into which notch a feather key fits. Two gear segments 93.4 are formed on the hub 93.1. The gear segments 93.4 are spaced apart from each other in the direction of the central longitudinal axis of the bore 93.2. Grooves 93.5 are formed between the teeth 93.4. The grooves 93.5 are shaped and dimensioned to hold a chain link of the assigned tie 81, 82, 84, 85 such that this chain link is positively locked in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the ties 81, 82, 84, 85.

[0057] A synchronization means 94 of an actuator unit 90 is arranged above the support 71. The synchronizing means 94 comprises a shaft 94.1. This shaft 94.1 is rotatably mounted at its two longitudinal ends by means of one bearing part 94.2 each. The bearing components 94.2 may be attached to the boom 16 of the crusher 10.

[0058] Two of the deflectors 93 are installed at each of the two longitudinal ends of the shaft 94.1. To this end, the shaft 94.1 is inserted through the bores 93.2. The deflectors 93 are secured for co-rotation by means of a feather key which is effective between the notch 93.3 of the deflectors 93 and the shaft 94.1. A suitable stop connection, for instance a stop shoulder, is used to secure the deflectors 93 to the shaft 94. It is also conceivable to weld or clamp the deflectors 93 to the shaft 94. Then a feather key and stop shoulder are not required.

[0059] Then the two ties 82 and 85 are routed to the two tension strands 82.1 and 85.1 each via a deflector 93. Beyond the deflectors 93, the ties 82, 85 have retaining segments 82.2, 85.2. The end of this retaining segment 82.2, 85.2 is connected to a connector 83, 86. The connector 83, 86 may again be formed by a shackle. The connectors 83, 86 provides a connection to a mounts 91.4, 92.4 of actuators 91, 92 of the actuator unit 90.

[0060] In the context of the invention, the actuators 91, 92 may be formed by hydraulic cylinders. For instance, the actuators 91, 92 may also be of identical design, reducing the number of parts required.

[0061] For instance, the actuators 91, 92 may comprise cylinders 91.2, 92.2. Pistons are adjustably guided in the cylinders 91.2, 92.2. Piston rods 91.3, 92.3 are connected to the pistons. The mounts 91.4, 92.4 are arranged at the free ends of the piston rods 91.3, 92.3. The cylinder 91.2, 92.2 has a holder 91.1, 92.1 facing away from the piston rods 91.3, 92.3. This holder 91.1, 92.1 can be used to secure the cylinder 91.2, 92.2 to the machine frame 12.

[0062] FIG. 3 further shows that the two ties 81 and 84 are attached to the rear support 72 in the transport direction of the band conveyor (rear suspensions 77.2). The tension strands 81.1 and 84.1 of the two ties 81 and 84 extend upwards from the support 72. The tension strands 81.1 and 84.1 are again routed to the deflectors 93, the shape of which can also be seen in FIG. 4.

[0063] The deflectors 93 are again part of a synchronization means 95. According to the above embodiments, the deflectors 93 are coupled to a shaft 95.1 of the synchronization means 95 for co-rotation. The design of the synchronizing means 95 is largely similar to the design of the synchronizing means 94 described above, i.e., reference can be made to the above explanations to avoid repetition. Again, bearing parts 95.2 are provided for the shaft 95.1, which bearing parts can be bolted to the boom 16.

[0064] The tension strands 81.1 and 84.1 are routed around the deflectors 93 and, beyond the deflectors 93, the ties 81 and 84 form synchronization means 81.3 and 84.3. I.e., these synchronization means 81.3, 84.3 are formed by segments of the ties 81 and 84 used as chains.

[0065] The synchronization means 81.3 and 84.3 transition into the retaining segments 81.4 and 84.4, respectively. At their longitudinal ends, the retaining segments 84.4 and 81.4 are each connected to mounts 92.4, 91.4 of actuators 92, 91. Preferably, the same connector 83, 86, which is used for coupling the ties 82 and 85, is also used for securing. Then, the traction means 82 and 81 are secured to the connector 83 and the ties 84 and 85 are secured to the connector 86.

[0066] To reduce the number of parts required, it may be provided in particular in the context of the invention that all the ties 81, 82, 84, 85 are formed by chains of identical design.

[0067] FIG. 3 shows the magnetic separator 70 in its lowermost position. Accordingly, the bottom strand 76.2 of the belt conveyor 76 is closely assigned to the band conveyor of the band conveyor unit 60. If the magnetic separator 70 is now to be spaced further apart from the band conveyor, the actuators 91 and 92 will be activated, for instance by pressurizing a hydraulic fluid. Then the pistons in the cylinders 91.2, 92.2 travel such that the piston rods 91.3, 92.3 move continuously into the cylinders 91.2, 92.2. As a result of this motion, tension is applied to the connectors 83, 86 of the four ties 81, 82, 84, 85. In this case, the motions of the ties 82 and 85 are positively synchronized with each other via the deflectors 93 and the shaft 94.1 of the synchronization means 94.

[0068] The associated deflector elements 93 of the front synchronization means 94 and the synchronization means 81.3 of the tie 81 are used to motion-synchronize the motion of the first tension strand 81.1 of the tie 81 with the motion of the first tension strand 82.1 of the tie 82. In this case, the two deflector elements 93 may in particular be formed by two sprockets for link-chains, which are interconnected for co-rotation and which are preferably arranged directly adjacent to each other.

[0069] The associated deflector elements 93 of the front synchronization means 94 and the synchronization means 84.3 of the tie 84 are used to motion-synchronize the motion of the first tension strand 84.1 of the tie 81 with the motion of the first tension strand 85.1 of the tie 85. In this case, the two deflector elements 93 may in particular be formed by two sprockets for link-chains, which are interconnected for co-rotation and which are preferably arranged directly adjacent to each other.

[0070] According to the present embodiment of the invention, moreover, the two ties 81 and 84 are synchronized in motion via the rear synchronization means 95 by means of the deflectors 93 and the shaft 95.1.

[0071] Obviously, this synchronization using the synchronization means is not essential, because the motion of the two traction means 81, 84 has been synchronized with the motion of the traction means 82 and 85 via the front synchronization means 94. However, in the variant shown in FIG. 3, improved guidance can be achieved, resulting in a reliable operation.

[0072] In summary, the ties 81, 82, 84, 85 are motion-synchronized with each other. Accordingly, the suspensions 77.1, 77.2 can be interadjusted in a synchronized manner, in particular they can be raised or lowered.

[0073] During operation, the crushed rock material passes onto the band conveyor of the band conveyor unit 60. The band conveyor, driven by the conveyor motor 66 via a drive shaft 66.1, then continuously conveys the rock material towards the discharge end 62. The rock material is transported past the magnetic separator 70 on its way from the feed end 61 to the discharge end 62.

[0074] If then ferromagnetic material is present in the extracted rock material, for instance steel reinforcement, it will be attracted to the magnet 79 of the magnetic separator 70. This ferrous material then adheres to the belt conveyor 76 in the area of the bottom strand 76.2. The belt conveyor 76, due to its circulating motion, conveys this ferrous material to the deflector element 74, 75 against which the bottom strand runs. As soon as this ferrous material then enters the area of the deflector element 74 or 75, the distance between the ferrous material and the magnet 76 increases. This terminates the magnetic connection and the removed ferrous material passes onto a guide element 65 (see FIGS. 1 and 2). The ferrous material then slides along this guide element 65 and falls alongside the crusher 10.

[0075] If a jam now occurs at the magnetic separator 70, for instance if a lot of ferrous material has to be separated at the same time, then the magnetic separator 70 can compensate for the force effects occurring due to the jam in an oscillating manner because of the limp ties 81, 82, 84, 85 in the area of the tension strands 81.1, 84.1,2 and 80.1, 85.1. Reliable operation is maintained in this way.

[0076] As can be seen in FIG. 5, the adjustment position of the magnetic separator 70, which is adjusted by the actuator unit 90 and synchronized using the adjustment unit 80, can be located. For this purpose, a locating element 100, for instance in the form of a chain, is used.

[0077] FIG. 6 shows that the locating means 100 can be coupled, for instance, using its one end 102, to the connector 83. The other end of the locating element 100 may be fitted to a locking element 101. The locking element 101 is secured to the machine frame 12. The locating element 100 can be used not only to additionally secure the positions of the magnetic separator 70, but also to unload the actuators 91, 92 of the actuator unit 90.

[0078] The above explanations illustrate that according to the invention, the crusher 10 is equipped with a crusher unit 40, wherein a band conveyor unit 60 having an endlessly circulating band conveyor is assigned to the crusher unit. The magnetic separator 70 and its magnet 79 are held in the area of the band conveyor unit 60 above the band conveyor in the direction opposite from the direction of gravity. The adjustment unit 80 permits a change of height of the magnet 79 above the band conveyor.

[0079] The magnetic separator 70 is suspended from at least two limp ties 81, 82, 84, 85 and these limp ties 81, 82, 84, 85 can be adjusted by means of at least one actuator unit 90 to change the height of the magnet 79.

LIST OF THE REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0080] 10 Crusher

[0081] 11 Chassis

[0082] 12 Machine frame

[0083] 13 Drivers cab

[0084] 14 Ladder

[0085] 15 Motor unit

[0086] 16 Boom

[0087] 20 Feed unit

[0088] 21 Conveying device

[0089] 30 Screen device

[0090] 40 Crusher unit

[0091] 50 Crusher discharge conveyor

[0092] 60 Band conveyor unit

[0093] 61 Feed end

[0094] 62 Discharge end

[0095] 63 Cover

[0096] 64 Discharge opening

[0097] 65 Guide element

[0098] 66 Conveyor motor

[0099] 66.1 Drive shaft

[0100] 70 Magnetic separator

[0101] 71 Support

[0102] 71.1 Protection plate

[0103] 71.2 Folded edges

[0104] 72 Support

[0105] 73 Conveyor

[0106] 74 Deflection element

[0107] 75 Deflection element

[0108] 76 Belt conveyor

[0109] 76.1 Strand

[0110] 76.2 Strand

[0111] 76.3 Rib

[0112] 77.1 Suspension or suspension connector

[0113] 77.2 Suspension or suspension connector

[0114] 78 Motor

[0115] 78.1 Shaft

[0116] 79 Magnet

[0117] 80 Adjustment unit

[0118] 81 Tie

[0119] 81.1 1. Tension strand

[0120] 81.2 Coupling element

[0121] 81.3 Synchronization means

[0122] 81.4 Retaining segment

[0123] 82 Tie

[0124] 82.1 Tension strand

[0125] 82.2 Retaining segment

[0126] 82.3 Coupling element

[0127] 83 Connector

[0128] 84 Tie

[0129] 84.1 Tension strand

[0130] 84.2 Coupling element

[0131] 84.3 Synchronization means

[0132] 84.4 Retaining segment

[0133] 85 Tie

[0134] 85.1. Tension strand

[0135] 85.2 Retaining segment

[0136] 85.3 Coupling element

[0137] 86 Connector

[0138] 90 Actuator unit

[0139] 91 Actuator

[0140] 91.1 Holder

[0141] 91.2 Cylinder

[0142] 91.3 Piston rod

[0143] 91.4 Mount

[0144] 92 Actuator

[0145] 92.1 Holder

[0146] 92.2 Cylinder

[0147] 92.3 Piston rod

[0148] 92.4 Mount

[0149] 93 Deflector

[0150] 93.1 Hub

[0151] 93.2 Bore

[0152] 93.3 Notch

[0153] 93.4 Sprocket segment

[0154] 93.5 Groove

[0155] 94 Synchronization means

[0156] 94.1 Shaft

[0157] 94.2 Bearing part

[0158] 95 Synchronization means

[0159] 95.1 Shaft

[0160] 95.2 Bearing part

[0161] 100 Locating element

[0162] 101 Locking element

[0163] 102 End