EXPANDABLE PIPE SPOOL

Abstract

An expandable pipe spool operable to connect components of a hydrocarbon extraction assembly is provided. The expandable pipe spool includes a female pipe segment having an outer surface and an inner surface having at least one sealing groove; at least one fluid port on the outer surface of the female pipe segment for receiving a hydraulic fluid, the fluid port in fluid communication with the sealing grove; a male pipe segment having an outer surface receivable within the female pipe segment; a sealing member positioned within the sealing groove between the inner surface of the female pipe segment and the outer surface of the male pipe segment; and a fastening arrangement to lock the male pipe segment in a selected longitudinal position with respect to the female pipe segment.

Claims

1. An expandable pipe spool comprising: a female pipe segment having an outer surface and an inner surface having at least one sealing groove; at least one fluid port on the outer surface of the female pipe segment for receiving a hydraulic fluid, the fluid port in fluid communication with the sealing grove; a male pipe segment having an outer surface receivable within the female pipe segment; a sealing member positioned within the sealing groove between the inner surface of the female pipe segment and the outer surface of the male pipe segment; and a fastening arrangement to lock the male pipe segment in a selected longitudinal position with respect to the female pipe segment.

2. The expandable pipe spool of claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the female pipe segment includes a first circumferential inner surface defining a first internal bore and a second circumferential surface defining a second internal bore, the second internal bore having a second diameter smaller than a first diameter of the first internal bore.

3. The expandable pipe spool of claim 1, wherein the at least one sealing groove includes two sealing grooves.

4. The expandable pipe spool of claim 1, wherein the female pipe segment incudes an end provided with fastening holes, the fastening holes being sized to receive fasteners to connect the female pipe segment to a component.

5. The expandable pipe spool of claim 1, wherein the male pipe segment includes a flange portion to engage with the fastening arrangement.

6. The expandable pipe spool of claim 5, wherein the fastening arrangement includes at least one fastening stud extending through the flange portion of the male pipe segment and connected rigidly at an end of the female pipe segment.

7. The expandable pipe spool of claim 6, wherein the fastening arrangement further includes first and second nuts positioned on the fastening stud on respective sides of the flange portion of the male pipe segment.

8. The expandable pipe spool of claim 2, wherein the male pipe segment includes an internal bore having a diameter approximately equal to the second diameter of the second internal bore of the female pipe segment.

9. The expandable pipe spool of claim 1, wherein the male pipe segment is structured to slidingly engage with the female pipe segment.

10. The expandable pipe spool of claim 1, wherein a seal provided by the sealing member is improved when the hydraulic fluid flows under pressure from the fluid port into the sealing groove.

11. The expandable pipe spool of claim 1, wherein the sealing member includes a polymer, a metal, a composite or combinations thereof.

12. The expandable pipe spool of claim 1, further comprising a particulate shield between the inner surface of the female pipe segment and the outer surface of the male pipe segment.

13. The expandable pipe spool of claim 12, wherein the outer surface of the male pipe segment is provided with a particulate groove, the particulate shield positioned within the particulate groove.

14. The expandable pipe spool of claim 1, further comprising at least one drainage port on the outer surface of the female pipe segment for draining the hydraulic fluid, the drainage port in fluid communication with the sealing groove.

15. The expandable pipe spool of claim 1, wherein the sealing member is an annular sealing member.

16. A method of adjusting a length of the expandable pipe spool of claim 1, comprising: inserting the male pipe segment within the female pipe segment; sliding the male pipe segment to the selected longitudinal position with respect to the female pipe segment; employing the fastening arrangement to lock the male pipe segment in the selected longitudinal position with respect to the female pipe segment; and injecting the hydraulic fluid into the sealing port to urge the sealing member against the outer surface of the male pipe segment to improve a seal between the male pipe segment and the female pipe segment.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the expandable pipe spool further includes a particulate shield between the inner surface of the female pipe segment and the outer surface of the male pipe segment.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the outer surface of the male pipe segment includes a particulate groove, the particulate shield being positioned within the particulate groove.

19. The method of claim 16 wherein the sealing member is an annular sealing member.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein the sealing member includes a polymer, a metal, a composite or combinations thereof.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description of the exemplary embodiments of the subject disclosure, will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the present disclosure, there are shown in the figures exemplary embodiments. It should be understood, however, that the subject application is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.

[0026] FIG. 1a is a cross-sectional view of an expandable pipe spool in a fully shortened position, in accordance with one embodiment of the subject disclosure;

[0027] FIG. 1b is a cross-sectional view of the expandable pipe spool of FIG. 1a in a fully expanded position, in accordance with one embodiment of the subject disclosure;

[0028] FIG. 1c is a perspective view of the expandable pipe spool of FIG. 1a, in accordance with one embodiment of the subject disclosure;

[0029] FIG. 1d is a cross-sectional perspective view of the expandable pipe spool of FIG. 1a, in accordance with one embodiment of the subject disclosure;

[0030] FIG. 2a is a cross-sectional view of a female pipe segment, in accordance with one embodiment of the subject disclosure;

[0031] FIG. 2b is a cross-sectional perspective view of the female pipe segment of FIG. 2a, in accordance with one embodiment of the subject disclosure;

[0032] FIG. 3a is a cross-sectional view of a male pipe segment, in accordance with one embodiment of the subject disclosure;

[0033] FIG. 3b is a cross-sectional perspective view of the male pipe segment of FIG. 3a, in accordance with one embodiment of the subject disclosure;

[0034] FIG. 4a is a cross-sectional detail view of the expandable pipe spool of FIG. 1a, in accordance with one embodiment of the subject disclosure; and

[0035] FIG. 4b is a cross-sectional detail view of the expandable pipe spool of FIG. 1a receiving a hydraulic fluid, in accordance with one embodiment of the subject disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0036] Reference will now be made in detail to the various exemplary embodiments of the subject disclosure illustrated in the accompanying figures. Wherever possible, the same or like reference numbers will be used throughout the figures to refer to the same or like features. It should be noted that the figures May not be drawn to precise scale. Certain terminology is used in the following description for convenience only and is not limiting. Directional terms such as top, bottom, left, right, above, below and diagonal, are used with respect to the accompanying figures. The term “distal” shall mean away from the center of a body. The term “proximal” shall mean closer towards the center of a body and/or away from the “distal” end. The words “inwardly” and “outwardly” refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of the identified element and designated parts thereof. Such directional terms used in conjunction with the following description of the figures should not be construed to limit the scope of the subject application in any manner not explicitly set forth. Additionally, the term “a,” as used in the specification, means “at least one.” The terminology includes the words above specifically mentioned, derivatives thereof, and words of similar import.

[0037] “About” as used herein when referring to a measurable value such as an amount, a temporal duration, and the like, is meant to encompass variations of ±20%, ±10%, ±5%, ±1%, or +0.1% from the specified value, as such variations are appropriate.

[0038] “Substantially” as used herein shall mean considerable in extent, largely but not wholly that which is specified, or an appropriate variation therefrom as is acceptable within the field of art.

[0039] Throughout the subject application, various aspects thereof may be presented in a range format. It should be understood that the description in range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the subject disclosure. Accordingly, the description of a range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible subranges as well as individual numerical values within that range. For example, description of a range such as from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed subranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6 etc., as well as individual numbers within that range, for example, 1, 2, 2.7, 3, 4, 5, 5.3, and 6. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range.

[0040] Furthermore, the described features, advantages and characteristics of the exemplary embodiments of the subject disclosure may be combined in any suitable manner into one or more embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, in view of the description herein, that the subject disclosure can be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular exemplary embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0041] Referring now to FIGS. 1a through 1d and FIG. 4a, there is seen an expandable pipe spool 100 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the subject disclosure. Expandable pipe spool 100 includes a female pipe segment 102, a male pipe segment 110 slidingly positioned within female pipe segment 102, annular sealing members 118, 118′ (which may have arch-shaped cross-sections) and particulate shield 126 positioned between female and male pipe segments 102, 110, and a fastening arrangement 116 to lock male pipe segment 110 in a selected longitudinal position relative to female pipe segment 102. Expandable pipe spool 100 may be used in conjunction with other pipe spools and components to form a connection assembly for channeling fracturing fluid from a zipper manifold to a frac stack. To facilitate such a use and other uses, the length of expandable pipe spool 100 may be adjusted in a manner more fully described below.

[0042] Referring now to FIGS. 2a and 2b, there is seen female pipe segment 102 of expandable pipe spool 100 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the subject disclosure. Female pipe segment 102 includes a cylindrical body 205 having a first end 104 and a second end 106 provided with a plurality of fastening holes 220 for coupling female pipe segment 102 via fasteners (not shown) to other pipe spools or components of a connection assembly. Cylindrical body 205 further includes an outer surface 240 and a first circumferential inner surface 210 defining a first internal bore 215 having a diameter d1 and a second circumferential inner surface 225 defining a second internal bore 230 coaxial with first internal bore 215 and having a diameter d2 smaller than diameter d1 of first internal bore 215. Circumferential inner surface 210 is also provided with two annual sealing grooves 120, 120′ for receiving respective sealing members 118, 118′. Cylindrical body 205 is further provided with fluid conduits 245, 245′ extending from fluid ports 255, 255′ on outer surface 240 (for example, one-way check valves, ball valves or the like) to sealing grooves 120, 120′ and drainage conduits 250, 250′ extending from drainage ports 260, 260′ on outer surface 240 to sealing grooves 120, 120′. A test conduit 262 is also provided and extends from a test port 265 on outer surface 240 to circumferential inner surface 210 between sealing grooves 120, 120′.

[0043] Referring now to FIGS. 3a and 3b, there is seen male pipe segment 110 of expandable pipe spool 100 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the subject disclosure. Male pipe segment 110 includes a cylindrical male body 270 having a first end 275 and a second end 114 provided with a plurality of fastening holes 280 for coupling male pipe segment 110 via fasteners (not shown) to other pipe spools or components of a connection assembly. Cylindrical male body 270 further includes an outer surface 285 and a circumferential inner surface 290 defining an internal bore 295 approximately coaxial with second internal bore 230 of female pipe segment 102 and having a diameter d3 approximately equal to diameter d2 of second internal bore 230, though it should be appreciated that diameter d3 need not approximate diameter d2. Outer surface 285 of cylindrical male body 270 also includes an annular particulate groove 124 at first end 275 for receiving particulate shield 126 and a flange portion 320 (which may be annular and/or non-continuous) having a plurality of unthreaded bores 305 for engaging fastening arrangement 116.

[0044] Outer surface 285 of cylindrical male body 270 has a diameter approximately equal to (but slightly less) than diameter d1 of first internal bore 215 of female pipe segment 102. This permits sealing members 118, 118′ to provide a fluid tight seal, while at the same time allowing first internal bore 215 of female pipe segment 102 to slidingly receive male pipe segment 110 so that male pipe segment 110 may be positioned at a selected longitudinal position relative to female pipe segment 102 for changing the length of expandable pipe spool 100 to a desired length.

[0045] Fastening arrangement 116 operates to lock male pipe segment 110 in the selected longitudinal position relative to female pipe segment 102. For this purpose, fastening arrangement 116 includes one or more fastening studs 310 extending respectively through unthreaded bores 305 of flange portion 320 and terminating fixedly within first end 104 of female pipe segment 102. Fastening arrangement 116 further includes first and second nuts 132, 134 threadedly engaged with each fastening stud 310 on respective sides of flange portion 320.

[0046] To increase the length of expandable pipe spool 100, second nuts 134 are loosened on (and possibly removed from) fastening studs 310. Male pipe segment 110 is then slid longitudinally away from female pipe segment 102 to a desired longitudinal position relative to female pipe segment 102. As best seen in FIG. 1b, once in the desired longitudinal position, first and second nuts 132, 134 are re-tightened to engage respective sides of flange portion 320, thereby locking male pipe segment 110 in the desired longitudinal position. To decrease the length of expandable pipe spool 100, first nuts 132 are loosened on fastening studs 310. Male pipe segment 110 is then slid longitudinally toward female pipe segment to a desired longitudinal position relative to female pipe segment 102. As best seen in FIG. 1a, once in the desired longitudinal position, first and second nuts 132, 134 are re-tightened to engage respective sides of flange portion 320, thereby locking male pipe segment 110 in the desired longitudinal position. Although fastening arrangement 116 includes fastening studs 310 and nuts 132, 134, it should be appreciated that fastening arrangement 116 may include or comprise other locking structures (such as a J-lock or other connector), and that various embodiments of the subject disclosure are not intended to be limited to any particular structure or mechanism for locking male pipe segment 110 to female pipe segment 102.

[0047] When expandable pipe spool 100 is used in a connection assembly, internal bore 295 of male pipe segment 110 and second internal bore 230 of female pipe segment 102 form a continuous bore through which a fluid may flow. Depending on the pressure applied, the fluid and any particles therein (such as proppant particles in a fracturing fluid) may disadvantageously escape internal bores 230, 295 and travel along a boundary 315 between outer surface 285 of male pipe segment 110 and first circumferential inner surface 210 of female pipe segment 102. To prevent this, particulate shield 126 and sealing members 118, 118′ are provided. Particulate shield 126 is positioned within particulate groove 124 of male pipe segment 110 to prevent fluid particles (such as proppant particles) from traveling along boundary 315, and sealing members 118, 118′ (which may include, for example, polymers, metals, or combinations thereof) are positioned within annular sealing grooves 120, 120′ of female pipe segment 102 to prevent the fluid itself from escaping to the outside environment along boundary 315. Although expandable pipe spool 100 is illustrated with two sealing members 118, 118′, it should be appreciated that other embodiments may include fewer or more sealing members 118, and that various embodiments of the subject disclosure are not intended to be limited to any particular number of sealing members 118. It should also be appreciated that other embodiments may employ more than one particulate shield 126 or no particulate shield 126 at all.

[0048] When the pressure applied to the fluid is substantially high, such as when the fluid is a high-pressure fracturing fluid used in a fracturing operation, sealing members 118, 118′ may be insufficient alone to prevent the fluid from escaping along boundary 315 to the environment. To address this, in accordance with various embodiments of the subject disclosure, a second pressurized hydraulic fluid (such as an oil-based fluid) is introduced into fluid ports 255, 255′, where it then flows through fluid conduits 245, 245′ and into sealing grooves 120, 120′. As shown best in FIG. 4b, the pressurized hydraulic fluid urges sealing members 118, 118′ against outer surface 285 of male pipe segment 110, thereby improving the seal provided by sealing members 118, 118′. The effectiveness of the improved seal may be tested by checking whether pressurized hydraulic fluid flows disadvantageously from sealing grooves 120, 120′, along boundary 315, through test conduit 262 and out test port 265. Detection of hydraulic fluid at test port 265 may indicate failure of pressurized seals 118, 118′.

[0049] The pressurized hydraulic fluid may be drained from sealing grooves 120, 120′ via drainage conduits 250, 250′ and drainage ports 260, 260′. Drainage of the hydraulic fluid may be required, for example, to service expandable pipe spool 100 or when the seal provided by sealing members 118, 118′ under pressure is too great to permit male pipe segment 110 to be slid to a selected longitudinal position relative to female pipe segment 102 for changing the length of expandable pipe spool 100.

[0050] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes could be made to the exemplary embodiments described above without departing from the broad inventive concept thereof. It is to be understood, therefore, that this disclosure is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but it is intended to cover modifications within the spirit and scope of the subject disclosure as defined by the appended claims.