Abstract
The present invention relates to one or more rust-proof springs for use in a firearm assembly. The rust-proof springs involve a variety of metals combined to create an alloy that does not react with moisture to form rust. The alloy is formed into one or more mechanical coil springs, and the mechanical coil springs are heat treated to improve the structural strength of the springs. The advantage of the rust proof springs for use in the firearm assembly is that the firearms can be exposed to moisture, such as moisture from rain, and the firearm user would not have to worry about rust on the firearm springs later causing issues with the firearm working as intended. Additionally, the one or more springs have high heat resistance properties.
Claims
1. In a rifle having at least one metal coil spring in the rifle firing mechanism, the improvement comprises: Said at least one spring comprising corrosion resistant metal of at least about 70% nickel, between about 14% to about 17% chromium, between about 5% to about 9% iron, between about 2% to about 3% titanium, between about 0.25% to about 1% aluminum, between about 0.5% to about 1.5% niobium, up to about 0.08% carbon, up to about 1% manganese, up to about 0.02% sulfur, up to about 0.6% silicon, up to about 0.6% copper, and up to about 1.1% cobalt; and wherein the at least one spring is heat treated at a temperature from 1000-1500° F. for 3-5 hours prior to being included in the rifle firing mechanism, to improve durability and strength of the spring.
2. The improvement of claim 1, wherein the at least one spring is heat treated at about 1200° F. for 4 hours prior to being included in the rifle firing mechanism to improve durability and strength of the spring.
3. The improvement of claim 1, wherein the rifle is selected from the group consisting of an AR-15, an AR-10, and an M-16.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) Other features and advantages disclosed herein will become more apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments when read in conjunction with the attached drawings, wherein:
(2) FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a plurality of springs from an exemplary AR-15/AR-10 spring kit;
(3) FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustration of an AR-15 rifle mid-section comprising an AR-15 magazine and trigger group assembly having a hammer pivotably linked to a bolt-carrier group;
(4) FIG. 3A is a side view illustration of an AR-15 trigger group assembly;
(5) FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional top perspective view illustration of a rear portion of an AR-15 trigger;
(6) FIG. 4A is a rear-view illustration of an exemplary trigger spring of the FIG. 1 embodiment;
(7) FIG. 4B is a side view illustration of an exemplary trigger spring of the FIG. 1 embodiment;
(8) FIG. 5A is a top perspective view illustration of an exemplary hammer spring of the FIG. 1 embodiment;
(9) FIG. 5B is a top view illustration of an exemplary hammer spring of the FIG. 1 embodiment;
(10) FIG. 5C is a perspective view of an exemplary hammer spring of the FIG. 1 embodiment;
(11) FIG. 6 is a side view illustration of an exemplary extractor spring of the FIG. 1 embodiment;
(12) FIG. 7A is a front view illustration of an exemplary disconnector spring of the FIG. 1 embodiment;
(13) FIG. 7B is a side view illustration of an exemplary disconnector spring of the FIG. 1 embodiment;
(14) FIG. 8A is a perspective view of an exemplary magazine catch spring of the FIG. 1 embodiment;
(15) FIG. 8B is a side view of an exemplary magazine catch spring of the FIG. 1 embodiment;
(16) FIG. 8C is a perspective view illustration of an AR-15 magazine catch and exemplary magazine catch spring;
(17) FIG. 9A is a perspective view of an exemplary forward assist spring of the FIG. 1 embodiment;
(18) FIG. 9B is a side view of an exemplary forward assist spring of the FIG. 1 embodiment; and
(19) FIG. 10 is a side view illustration of a system and method for heat treating the exemplary springs of the present invention before introducing the springs into a firearm assembly.
(20) All drawings are schematic and not necessarily to scale. Parts given a reference numerical designation in one figure may be considered to be the same parts where they appear in other figures without a numerical designation for brevity unless specifically labeled with a different part number and/or described herein. Parts described herein with respect to certain figures may also appear in other figures. Furthermore, a general reference to a whole figure number which may include multiple subparts shall be construed as a reference to all of the subparts unless specifically noted otherwise.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
(21) In the description of embodiments disclosed herein, any reference to direction or orientation is merely intended for convenience of description and is not intended in any way to limit the scope of the present invention.
(22) Referring now to FIG. 1, a plurality of mechanical coil springs from an exemplary AR-15/AR-10 spring kit 10 of the present invention are shown. Included in the exemplary AR-15/AR-10 spring kit 10 are a trigger spring 11, a hammer spring 12, an extractor spring 13, a forward assist spring 14, a disconnector spring 16, and a magazine catch spring 18. The functions of each spring from the AR-15/AR-10 spring kit 10 are indicated below. In certain preferred embodiments, at least some of the springs comprise a plurality of coils made from a first exemplary alloy (hereinafter “first exemplary alloy”), the first exemplary alloy comprising a combination of at least 72% nickel, 14-17% chromium, 6-10% iron, and no more than 0.15% carbon, 1% manganese, 0.015% sulfur, 0.5% silicon, and 0.5% copper. In a preferred exemplary embodiment, the inventive springs comprising the first exemplary alloy are made entirely of the first exemplary alloy. In some embodiments, the first exemplary alloy comprises an INCONEL® alloy 600. The exemplary springs are heat treated in preferred exemplary embodiments for structural strengthening according to a heat treatment process described in more detail below. Some exemplary embodiments may comprise a spring comprising, or made entirely from, the first exemplary alloy wherein said spring is not part of a kit 10.
(23) In a second exemplary embodiment of a spring kit 10 of the present invention, at least some of the springs comprise a second exemplary alloy (hereinafter “second exemplary alloy”) that comprises a combination of at least 70% nickel, 14-17% chromium, 5-9% iron, 2.25-2.75% titanium, 0.40-1.00% aluminum, 0.70-1.20% Niobium, and no more than 1% manganese, 0.50% silicon, 0.01% sulfur, 0.50% copper, 0.08% carbon, and 1% cobalt. In some embodiments, the second exemplary alloy comprises an INCONEL® alloy X-750. The exemplary springs are heat treated in preferred exemplary embodiments for structural strengthening according to a heat treatment process described in more detail below. Some exemplary embodiments may comprise a spring comprising, or made entirely from, the second exemplary alloy wherein said spring is not part of a kit 10. In some exemplary embodiments of a kit 10, some of the springs of the kit may comprise the first exemplary allow while the remainder of the springs comprise the second exemplary alloy. In some exemplary embodiments, kit 10 comprises all of the springs needed to make a firearm.
(24) Some exemplary embodiments comprise at least one spring, or a kit 10 comprising a plurality of springs, wherein at least one spring comprises, or is made entirely from, an alloy comprising at least 70% nickel, 14-17% Chromium, and at least 5% iron (hereinafter the “third exemplary alloy”). In preferred exemplary embodiments, the third exemplary alloy comprises less than 1% carbon and preferably less than 0.5% carbon.
(25) The first exemplary alloy, second exemplary alloy, and third exemplary alloy do not chemically react with O.sub.2 or H.sub.2O, thus rust formation or corrosion resulting from oxidation of ferrous iron is not an issue with the exemplary alloys. The coil diameters and spring lengths are sized according to the requirements of the AR-15/AR-10 assembly. In some embodiments the desired spring dimensions may be obtained and/or “set” into place by running the springs through a conveyor oven at 900° F. Moreover, the first exemplary alloy and second exemplary alloy are generally resistant to relatively high temperatures as provided by the exemplary operating temperature ranges below:
(26) TABLE-US-00002 Material Operating Temperature Range (° F.) First Exemplary Alloy −238 to 2000 and up Second Exemplary Alloy 0 to 1300
A useful strength for at least some of the preferred exemplary firearm springs made using the second exemplary alloy is 1200° F. Operating Temperature Ranges for the first exemplary alloy and second exemplary alloy may be increased by heat treating the materials. For example, a firearm spring made from the second exemplary alloy that has been heat treated as discussed herein may be capable of operating without degradation under ambient temperatures as high as 1800° F. in some exemplary embodiments. The third exemplary alloy similarly has high operating temperature ranges in exemplary embodiments.
(27) Referring now to FIG. 2, an illustration of an AR-15 rifle mid-section 200 comprising an AR-15 magazine 220 and trigger group assembly 210 having a hammer 212 pivotably linked to a firing pin 222 positioned at the rear of a bolt-carrier group 224 is shown, where the bolt-carrier group 224 extends towards a receiver 226, and is linked to a barrel 228 of the AR-15. Ammunition stored in the magazine 220 is fed into a chamber 234 positioned behind the barrel 228 by a magazine catch spring (not shown), the magazine catch spring being positioned behind a magazine release button 218. A forward assist spring (not shown) is located at a lower portion 232 of the receiver 226. The trigger group assembly 210 controls when ammunition in the chamber 234 is discharged. The trigger group assembly 210 includes a trigger having a trigger knob 202 and a trigger rear portion 204 with a top end 206, a trigger spring 11, a disconnector 208, a hammer 212, and a hammer spring 12. The disconnector 208 is linked to the trigger rear portion 204 by a disconnector spring (not shown). When the trigger knob 202 is pulled towards the trigger rear portion 204 by a user, force is directed to the hammer spring 12, and the hammer 212 is thrust forward by the hammer spring 12 to engage a firing pin 222, which strikes a cartridge primer 230, which initiates the discharge. The disconnector 208 maintains the hammer 212 behind the firing pin 222 after the trigger knob 202 is released by the user. The trigger knob 202 is returned to its original position by the trigger spring 11.
(28) In one preferred embodiment, at least some of the springs shown in FIG. 2 comprise, and are preferably made entirely from, the first exemplary alloy. In another preferred embodiment, at least some of the springs shown in FIG. 2 comprise, and are preferably made entirely from, the second exemplary alloy. These exemplary embodiments may be heat treated prior to use as discussed below.
(29) FIG. 3A illustrates a side view of the trigger group assembly 210 of the FIG. 2 embodiment. The trigger group assembly 210 includes the hammer 212 engaged by the hammer spring 12 at a bottom portion 30 of the hammer 212. The disconnector 208 is shown positioned above the trigger rear portion 204, which is positioned above the trigger knob 202. The trigger knob 202 is pivotably controlled by the trigger spring 11. The trigger spring 11 is secured to the trigger group assembly 210 by a trigger spring mount 32, and the hammer spring 12 is secured to the trigger group assembly 210 by a hammer spring mount 34.
(30) FIG. 3B illustrates the interior 31 of the trigger rear portion 204 of the FIG. 3A embodiment. Shown between the top ends 206 of the trigger rear portion 204 is the disconnector spring 16. Referring now to FIGS. 3A-B, the disconnector spring 16 functions to cause the disconnector 208 to hold back the hammer 212 after the trigger knob 202 is released, thus preventing the weapon from firing when the trigger knob 202 is not being pulled back towards the trigger rear portion 204. Based on the aforementioned figures and descriptions, it should be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that various firearm springs are critical to ensuring that a weapon is discharged when the trigger knob 202 is engaged, and at no other times. FIGS. 4A-9B illustrate various exemplary springs of the FIG. 1 embodiment.
(31) Referring now to FIGS. 4A-B, an exemplary trigger spring 11 of the FIG. 1 embodiment is shown. In certain preferred embodiments, the trigger spring 11 comprises a plurality of main coils 412 having a diameter 409, legs 404, a wrap coil 406, and notches 411, where the aforementioned spring parts comprise at least one material selected from the group consisting of the first exemplary alloy, the second exemplary alloy, and a mixture comprising the first exemplary alloy and second exemplary alloy. In some preferred embodiments of trigger spring 11, the coil diameter 409 is 0.36 inches, a coil thickness 402 is 0.036 inches, the wrap coil 406 length 408 is 0.31 inches, the leg 404 length 407 is 0.95 inches, the notch 411 has a length 401 of 0.06 inches, the leg 404 and notch 411 have a combined length 405 of 1.02 inches, and the legs 404 are spaced apart 400 approximately 0.45 inches.
(32) Referring back to FIGS. 2 and 3A, the function of the trigger spring 11 is to engage the trigger knob 202 with torque from the trigger spring 11, repositioning the trigger knob 202 in its original position away from the trigger rear portion 204 after the weapon has been fired. A spring rust issue or issue caused by high heat may compromise the mobility of the trigger spring 11, or may cause the trigger spring 11 to snap or break, which may lead to a loss of user control of the trigger, preventing the weapon from firing and/or causing the weapon to fire when the user does not intend for the weapon to fire. The first exemplary alloy and second exemplary alloy do not chemically react with O.sub.2 or H.sub.2O, thus rust formation or corrosion of the trigger spring 11 resulting from oxidation of ferrous iron is not an issue. Thus, issues with rust from moisture exposure on the trigger spring 11 causing a loss of user control of the trigger knob 202 are avoided by the present invention. Moreover, the first exemplary alloy and second exemplary alloy have a high maximum operating temperature (“high heat resistance”) compared to prior art materials used in the fabrication of firearm springs.
(33) Referring to FIGS. 5A-C, an exemplary hammer spring 12 of the FIG. 1 embodiment is shown. In certain preferred embodiments, the hammer spring 12 comprises a plurality of main coils 54 having an inner diameter 51 and outer diameter 58, legs 50, and a wrap coil 52, where the aforementioned spring parts comprise at least one material selected from the group consisting of the first exemplary alloy, the second exemplary alloy, and a mixture comprising the first exemplary alloy and the second exemplary alloy. In some preferred embodiments, the inner coil diameter 51 is approximately 0.345 inches, the outer coil diameter 58 is approximately 0.497 inches, a coil thickness 57 is approximately 0.043 inches, the wrap coil 52 length 59 is approximately 0.345 inches, the leg 50 length is approximately 1.32 inches, and the legs 50 are spaced apart 0.67 inches.
(34) Referring back to FIGS. 2 and 3A in addition to FIGS. 5A-C, the function of the hammer spring 12 is to cause the hammer 212 to rotate towards a firing pin 222 and strike the firing pin 222, causing the firing pin 222 to strike a cartridge primer 230, causing a round to be discharged from the barrel 228 of the weapon. The hammer spring 12 causes said rotation of the hammer 212 by tension in the legs 50 of the hammer spring 12 forcing the wrap coil 52 to apply torque to the bottom portion 30 of the hammer 212. Said tension in the legs 50 of the hammer spring 12 is the product of a user engaging the trigger knob 202 by pulling the trigger knob 202 back towards the trigger rear portion 204. A spring rust issue may compromise the mobility of the hammer spring 12, or may cause the hammer spring 12 to snap or break, which may lead to a firing issue resulting from a failure to strike the firing pin 222. The first exemplary alloy and the second exemplary alloy do not chemically react with O.sub.2 or H.sub.2O, thus rust formation or corrosion of the hammer spring 12 resulting from oxidation of ferrous iron is not an issue. Thus, firing issues related to rust from moisture exposure on the hammer spring 12 preventing proper movement of the hammer 212 are avoided. Moreover, the first exemplary alloy and second exemplary alloy have high heat resistance compared to prior art materials used in the fabrication of firearm springs.
(35) FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary extractor spring 13 of the FIG. 1 embodiment. In certain preferred embodiments, the extractor spring 13 comprises a plurality of coils 60 comprising at least one material selected from the group consisting of the first exemplary alloy, the second exemplary alloy, and a mixture comprising the first exemplary alloy and the second exemplary alloy. In some preferred embodiments, the diameter of the coils 60 is 0.151 inches, and the length of the extractor spring 13 is 0.167 inches. Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 6, the function of the extractor spring 13 is to remove casings of previously fired cartridges from the chamber 234 so that new rounds of ammunition can be loaded from the magazine 220 to the chamber 234 for firing. A spring rust issue may compromise the mobility of the extractor spring 13, or may cause the extractor spring 13 to snap or break, which may cause the weapon to become jammed, meaning new rounds cannot be loaded into the chamber 234. The first exemplary alloy and second exemplary alloy do not chemically react with O.sub.2 or H.sub.2O, thus rust formation or corrosion of the extractor spring 13 resulting from oxidation of ferrous iron is avoided. Thus, firing issues related to rust from moisture exposure on the extractor spring 13 are avoided. Moreover, the first exemplary alloy and second exemplary alloy have high heat resistance compared to prior art materials used in the fabrication of firearm springs.
(36) Referring now to FIGS. 7A-B, an exemplary disconnector spring 16 of the FIG. 1 embodiment is shown. In certain preferred embodiments, the disconnector spring 16 has a length 76 and comprises a series of coils 74 having a first diameter 70 on one end, and a second diameter 72 on another end. The disconnector spring 16 comprising at least one material selected from the group consisting of the first exemplary alloy, the second exemplary alloy, and a mixture comprising the first exemplary alloy and second exemplary alloy. In some preferred embodiments, the length 76 of the disconnector spring is 0.366 inches, the first diameter 70 is approximately 0.18 inches, and the second diameter 72 is approximately 0.148 inches. Referring back to FIGS. 2 and 3A-B, the function of the disconnector spring 16 is to isolate the hammer 212 from the firing pin 222 when the trigger knob 202 is not being engaged by the user so as to prevent the weapon from firing when the user does not intend it to fire. The disconnector 208 forces the hammer 212 away from the firing pin 222 through tension applied by the disconnector spring 16. A spring rust issue may compromise the mobility of the disconnector spring 16, or may cause the disconnector spring 16 to snap or break, which may lead to a lack of user ability to control when the weapon is discharged. The first exemplary alloy and second exemplary alloy do not chemically react with O.sub.2 or H.sub.2O, thus rust formation or corrosion of the disconnector spring 16 resulting from oxidation of ferrous iron is not an issue. Thus, firing issues related to rust from moisture exposure on the disconnector spring 16 causing a failure to control the hammer 212 are avoided.
(37) Referring to FIGS. 8A-C, an exemplary magazine catch spring 18 of the FIG. 1 embodiment is shown. In certain preferred embodiments, the magazine catch spring 18 comprises a series of coils 80, each coil 80 comprising at least one of the exemplary alloys of the FIG. 1 embodiment. In some preferred embodiments, the length of the magazine catch spring 18 is 0.270 inches. Referring back to FIG. 2 in addition to FIG. 8C, the function of the magazine catch spring 18 is to feed ammunition from the magazine 220 into the chamber 234 of the weapon. The spring repositions ammunition from the magazine 220 to the chamber 234 from a magazine catch 84 having a magazine catch spring rod 82. A spring rust issue may compromise the mobility of the magazine catch spring 18, or may cause the magazine catch spring 18 to snap or break, which may lead to a firing issue caused by a lack of ability to reload the weapon. The exemplary alloys of the FIG. 1 embodiment do not chemically react with O.sub.2 or H.sub.2O, thus rust formation or corrosion of the magazine catch spring 18 resulting from oxidation of ferrous iron is not a concern with the present invention. Thus, firing issues related to rust from moisture exposure on the magazine catch spring 18 causing lack of ability to reload the weapon are avoided. Moreover, the first exemplary alloy and second exemplary alloy have high heat resistance compared to prior art materials used in the fabrication of firearm springs.
(38) FIGS. 9A-B illustrate an exemplary forward assist spring 14 of the FIG. 1 embodiment. In certain preferred embodiments, the forward assist spring 14 comprises a series of coils 90, each coil 90 comprising at least one material selected from the group consisting of the first exemplary alloy, the second exemplary alloy, and a mixture comprising the first exemplary alloy and the second exemplary alloy. Referring back to FIG. 2 in addition to FIGS. 9A-B, the function of the forward assist spring 14 is to direct motion of the bolt carrier group 224. A spring rust issue may compromise the mobility of the forward assist spring 14, or may cause the forward assist spring 14 to snap or break, which may lead to a firing issue caused by a faulty bolt carrier group 224. The exemplary alloys of the FIG. 1 embodiment do not chemically react with O.sub.2 or H.sub.2O, thus rust formation or corrosion of the forward assist spring 14 resulting from oxidation of ferrous iron is not an issue. Thus, firing issues related to rust from moisture exposure on the forward assist spring 18 causing a faulty bolt carrier group 224 are avoided. Moreover, the first exemplary alloy and second exemplary alloy have high heat resistance compared to prior art materials used in the fabrication of firearm springs.
(39) FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary system and method for heat treating 100 the exemplary springs 102 of the present invention before introducing the springs 102 into a firearm assembly. The exemplary springs 102 comprising an exemplary nickel and chromium alloy are heat treated to improve the structural stability of the springs 102, further preventing the springs 102 from having mobility issues, or snapping or breaking. The exemplary alloy is heated in a forge/oven 104 to achieve a desired linear expansion, and cooled thereafter to achieve a desired increase in maximum stress characteristics. In certain preferred embodiments in which at least one spring comprises the first exemplary alloy, the at least one spring is heated at 800° F. for one hour. In certain preferred embodiments in which at least one spring comprises the second exemplary alloy, the at least one spring is heated for four hours at 1200° F. to achieve a desired linear expansion of 8-9 in./in./° F.*10.sup.−6 from room temperature (70° F.) to 1200° F., and cooled thereafter to achieve a maximum stress level of at least 100 ksi. In some exemplary embodiments, at least one spring is processed through a conveyor oven at 900° F. prior to subjecting the at least one spring to one of the foregoing heat treatments.
(40) A preferred exemplary embodiment of the present invention comprises a kit 10 of springs wherein some of the springs of the kit 10 are made entirely from the first exemplary alloy and the remainder of the springs of the kit 10 are made entirely from the second exemplary alloy. In preferred versions of these embodiments, the majority of the springs in the kit 10 are made entirely from the first exemplary alloy while the remainder of the springs in the kit 10 are made entirely from the second exemplary alloy.
(41) Some exemplary embodiments of the present invention comprise a kit 10 of springs wherein each of the springs in the kit 10 is made entirely from a material selected from the group consisting of the first exemplary alloy and the second exemplary alloy.
(42) Some exemplary embodiments of the present invention comprise at least one firearm spring, or a kit of springs 10, wherein the at least one spring is made entirely from at least one material selected from the group consisting of the first exemplary alloy and the second exemplary alloy.
(43) Some exemplary embodiments of the present invention comprise at least one firearm spring, or a kit of springs 10, wherein the at least one spring comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of the first exemplary alloy, the second exemplary alloy, the third exemplary alloy, and a mixture comprising at least two materials selected from the group consisting of the first exemplary alloy, the second exemplary alloy, and the third exemplary alloy.
(44) Some exemplary embodiments of the present invention comprise at least one firearm spring, or a kit of springs 10, wherein the at least one spring is made entirely from at least one material selected from the group consisting of the first exemplary alloy, the second exemplary alloy, the third exemplary alloy, and a mixture of at least two materials selected from the group consisting of the first exemplary alloy, the second exemplary alloy, and the third exemplary alloy.
(45) It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. One or more rust-proof firearm springs as described may also be set up with other firearms, for example, an M16. It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the embodiments of various rust-proof firearm springs described herein are meant to be illustrative, and do not represent an exclusive list of firearm springs benefiting from the exemplary alloys disclosed herein. The presently disclosed embodiments are therefore considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restricted. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description and all the changes that come within the meaning and range and equivalence thereof are intended to be embraced therein.
