Injectors For Supercritical CO2 Applications

Abstract

An apparatus and method for injectors for use in combustion systems employing multiple non-solid or gas streams such as supercritical CO.sub.2 systems. The apparatus and method allow for reactants to be injected into a combustion chamber in such a way that combustion is locally inhibited. Injectors employing an inner and outer tube are designed to minimize mixing between the non-solid gas streams and allow for swirling and stratification of the non-solid or gas streams.

Claims

1. An injector, comprising: an outer cylindrical tube comprising an inner diameter and a first end and a second end, wherein said first end is connected to a source of a first non-solid and said second end comprises an annular or circular exit; and an inner cylindrical tube positioned within said outer cylindrical tube, wherein said inner cylindrical tube comprises an inner diameter and a first end and a second end wherein said first end is connected to a source of a second non-solid and said second end comprises an annular or circular exit; and wherein said second end of said inner cylindrical tube is positioned relative to said outer cylindrical tube such that said second end of said inner cylindrical tube is located an axial distance away from said second end of said outer cylindrical tube; and wherein said inner diameter of said outer cylindrical tube is configured to swirl said first non-solid and said inner diameter of said second cylindrical tube is configured to swirl said second non-solid such that said first non-solid and said second non-solid remain swirled and stratified into separate layers of flow for each gas as they flow through the exits of the inner and outer tubes.

2. The injector of claim 1, wherein said first non-solid is supercritical CO.sub.2 and said second non-solid is CH.sub.4.

3. The injector of claim 1, wherein the injector tubes are configured to swirl the first and second non-solids by tangential entry of the first and second non-solids into the injector tubes, rifling on the inner surface of the inner and outer injector tubes, or helical ribbon inserts within the inner and outer injector tubes.

4. A method of injecting an inert into a combustion chamber comprising at least one injector comprising an outer tube and an inner tube positioned within said outer tube comprising the steps of: flowing an inert into said outer tube of said at least one injector; swirling the inert as it flows through said outer tube; flowing a non-solid into said inner tube of said at least one injector; swirling the non-solid as it flows through said inner tube; injecting the swirled inert and swirled non-solid from said outer and inner tubes into said combustion chamber such that the swirled inert delays the mixing of swirled non-solid in said combustion chamber thereby preventing reactions for some distance beyond the point of injection of said at least one injector.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein said non-solid comprises fuel.

6. The method of claim 4 wherein said non-solid comprises oxidizer.

7. The method of claim 4 wherein said inert comprises supercritical CO.sub.2 and said non-solid comprises CH.sub.4.

8. A method of injecting a non-solid into a combustion chamber comprising at least one injector comprising an outer tube and an inner tube positioned within said outer tube comprising the steps of: flowing the non-solid into said outer tube of said at least one injector to form an outer stream of the non-solid; flowing the non-solid into said inner tube of said at least one injector to form an inner stream of the non-solid; injecting the non-solid from said outer and inner tubes into said combustion chamber such that the inner and outer streams enter into said combustion chamber with enhanced turbulence caused by the inner and outer streams experiencing high shear forces due to either a difference in axial velocity, a difference in swirl velocity or direction, or a combination of these effects, downstream of said at least one injector.

9. The method of claim 8 further comprising swirling the non-solid as it flows through said outer tube.

10. The method of claim 8 further comprising swirling the non-solid as its flows through said inner tube.

11. The method of claim 9 further comprising swirling the non-solid as it flows through said inner tube.

12. The method of claim 8 wherein said non-solid comprises fuel.

13. The method of claim 8 wherein said non-solid comprises oxidizer.

14. A method of injecting a first non-solid and a second non-solid into a combustion chamber comprising at least one injector comprising an outer tube and an inner tube positioned within said outer tube comprising the steps of: flowing the first non-solid into said outer tube of said at least one injector; flowing the second non-solid into said inner tube of said at least one injector; injecting the first and second non-solids from said outer and inner tubes into said combustion chamber such that the first and second non-solids remain stratified as they enter said combustion chamber thereby delaying mixing of the second non-solid located in the inner tube until downstream of said at least one injector.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein said first non-solid comprises a first fuel and said second non-solid comprises a second fuel different than said first fuel.

16. The method of claim 14 wherein said first non-solid comprises a first oxidizer and said second non-solid comprises a second oxidizer different than said first oxidizer.

17. The method of claim 14 further comprising swirling the first non-solid as it flows through said outer tube.

18. The method of claim 14 further comprising swirling the second non-solid as its flows through said inner tube.

19. The method of claim 18 further comprising swirling the second non-solid as it flows through said inner tube.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein said first non-solid comprises a first fuel and said second non-solid comprises a second fuel different than said first fuel.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] FIG. 1 is a perspective and partial section view of a preferred embodiment of an injector designed in accord with the present invention showing the flow of CO.sub.2 and CH.sub.4 through and after exiting the injector.

[0016] FIG. 2 is a section view of the resulting flow of CO.sub.2 and CH.sub.4 at the nozzle end of the outer tube of an injector designed in accord with the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFFERED EMBODIMENTS

[0017] With reference to FIG. 1, in one preferred embodiment, an injector 1 comprises a cylindrical outer tube 2 comprising an annular exit 3 and a cylindrical inner tube 4 of smaller diameter and length positioned within the outer tube 2. The inner tube 4 comprises an annular exit 5. Although not illustrated, the inner tube is operably connected to a source for a first gas at the end opposite the annular exit 5. The outer tube is operably connected to a separate source for a second gas at the end opposite the annular exit 5. The first and second gases flow from their separate sources into and through the inner and outer tubes and exit the inner and outer tubes into the combustion chamber.

[0018] In preferred embodiments, said first gas may be an oxidizer or a fuel, and said second gas may be inert (non-participating). In the preferred embodiment depicted in FIG. 1, the first gas 9 may be supercritical CO.sub.2 and the second gas 8 may be CH.sub.4.

[0019] In one preferred embodiment, as depicted in FIG. 1, the flow of supercritical CO.sub.2 9 is swirled as it flows through the outer tube 2 of the injector and remains swirled as it exits the injector through the nozzle exit 3 into the combustion chamber (not shown), such that it remains stratified into its own layer 7 in the flow of gases from the exit 3 of the injector 1 with respect to the flow of swirled CH.sub.4 8, which remains stratified into its own layer 6 in the flow of gases as it exits the injector such that mixing of the two gases (not shown) only occurs downstream of the exit 3 of the outer tube 2 of the injector 1. The supercritical CO.sub.2 9 and CH.sub.4 8 can be swirled in the injector by tangential entry of the supercritical CO2 9 and CH4 8 into the injector tubes, rifling on the inner surface of the inner 2 and outer 4 injector tubes, helical ribbon inserts within the inner 4 and outer 2 injector tubes, or a combination of such elements.

[0020] With reference to FIG. 2, in one preferred embodiment, swirled supercritical CO212 exits the injector such that it is stratified into its own layer 13 in the flow of gases from the injector, with respect to the swirled CH.sub.4 10, which remains stratified into its own layer 11 in the flow of gases as they exit the injector such that mixing of the gases only occurs downstream of the exit 3 of the outer tube 2 of the injector 1.

[0021] While the present invention has been described in terms of the above examples and detailed description, those of ordinary skill will understand that alterations may be made within the spirit of the invention. It is to be understood that the invention may assume various alternative variations and step sequences, except where expressly specified to the contrary. It is also to be understood that the specific devices and processes illustrated in the attached drawings and described in the specification are simply exemplary embodiments or aspects of the invention. Although the invention has been described in detail for the purpose of illustration based on what is currently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments or aspects, it is to be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose and that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments or aspects, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover modifications and equivalent arrangements that are within the spirit and scope thereof. For example, it is to be understood that the present invention contemplates that to the extent possible, one or more features of any embodiment or aspect can be combined with one or more features of any other embodiment or aspect.