CELLULOSIC FIBER ADDITIVE FORMED FROM KOMBUCHA BIOFILMS
20210301471 · 2021-09-30
Inventors
Cpc classification
D21H11/12
TEXTILES; PAPER
International classification
Abstract
Application of KBC as a unique form of and source of nano-crystalline cellulose having viability for use in place of or in conjunction with alternative fiber additives, such as for paper products and reinforced paper composites.
Claims
1. A fiber product additive comprising cellulose from a microbe grown in a symbiotic colony of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) formed during Kombucha culture and/or fermentation, wherein the fiber product additive reduces a porosity and increases a tensile strength by at least 2% in a product comprising the fiber product additive compared to the product without the fiber product additive.
2. The fiber product additive of claim 1, wherein the fiber product additive is added to a product, and wherein the fiber product additive added to the product imparts two or more deviations from a product's physical properties including water retention, shelf stability, air permeability, insulative strength, pathogen resistance, water vapor permeability, moisture barrier properties, porosity, hydrophobicity, thermal insulative stability, burst strength, compression strength, tensile strength, elongation, tear strength, stiffness, elastic modulus, smoothness, electrostatic stability, radiation absorption, shelf life, and/or stability.
3. The fiber product additive of claim 1, further comprising a blend of one or more additional cellulosic fiber types chosen from one or more of hemp, flax, eucalyptus, sisal, esparto, bamboo, perennial fibers, softwood fibers, hardwood fibers, rag fibers, rice, and/or cotton.
4. The fiber product additive of claim 1, wherein the fiber product additive is incorporated in or added to a production of a paper product.
5. The fiber product additive of claim 4, wherein the paper product is one of cardboard, paperboard, packaging, cigarette paper, specialty papers as used in food wrappers, bible paper, parchment paper, printer paper, and/or writing and notebook paper.
6. The fiber product additive of claim 1, wherein the fiber product additive is incorporated in or added to a production of a bioplastic.
7. The fiber product additive of claim 6, wherein the bioplastic comprises a blend of polymers.
8. The fiber product additive of claim 7, wherein the blend of polymers includes one or more of Polylactic acid (PLA), Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), chitosan, keratin, and/or cornstarch.
9. The fiber product additive of claim 1, wherein the fiber product additive is annexed into, incorporated into, or added to a fiber product chosen from one or more of the following types: a paper or paperboard, a cosmetic skin care product, a food packaging, an edible food casing, an edible consumable filler, an insulation, a biofiltration sponge, a growth medium substrate, a wound dressing, a synthetic leather, a synthetic fabric, a surface coating, a paint, a resin, a gum(s), a gel, and/or an aerosolized spray.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] The accompanying drawings illustrate certain aspects of some of the embodiments of the present invention and should not be used to limit or define the invention. Together with the written description the drawings serve to explain certain principles of the invention.
[0022]
[0023]
[0024]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS EMBODIMENTS
[0025] The present invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments having various features. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the practice of the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. One skilled in the art will recognize that these features may be used singularly or in any combination based on the requirements and specifications of a given application or design. Embodiments comprising various features may also consist of or consist essentially of those various features. Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention. The description of the invention provided is merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the essence of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
[0026] The structural integrity of Kombucha cellulose provides improvements to many existing fiber products by enhancing desirable properties including but not limited to tensile strength, burst strength, air permeability, mold-free shelf life, hydrophobicity and porosity. The present invention relates to the production and use of specialty cellulose and cellulose derivatives using the SCOBY (Symbiotic Colony of Bacteria and Yeast) produced as the side stream of Kombucha fermentation, collectively known as Kombucha-derived Bacterial Cellulose (KBC). After the cultivation of KBC from Kombucha SCOBY, a harvesting, processing, purifying, and packaging process allows for the generation of a new value-added fiber product in the form of a fiber additive.
[0027] Fiber products is a term encapsulating packaging and paper industry products involving cellulose including but not limited to, food additives and/or edible food packaging, such as for sausage casing or edible filler material used in food product manufacturing, fiberboard products, such as cardboard, and cosmetic applications.
[0028] While both Kombucha fermentation and cellulose production have been known for several hundred years, the current innovation described herein is the novel and non-obvious combination of these at least two processes in order to create a specialty cellulose and cellulose derivatives. Additionally, the use of Kombucha SCOBY as a fiber product substrate or as an additive to fiber product substrates presents several unexpected advantages that lead to the development of a superior fiber product, such as the small nanofibers which can intercalate themselves between the larger fibers of traditional plant based cellulose, or other polymers, reducing the porosity, altering the barrier properties, and increasing tensile strength, along with a host of other properties. The ability of Kombucha based Bacterial Cellulose to create these complex web formations with traditional plant based cellulose or other polymers is unexpected because the highly acidic nature of Kombucha is traditionally a force that dissolves and breaks apart formations. Here we see that the fiber bonding and intercalation is extremely prolific when innovative approaches herein allow for the displacement of the acidic environment with a more neutral environment. The acidic environment is a distinct disadvantage that requires innovative approaches to overcome as described herein and are aspects of the current invention. An innovative approach is, in one possible embodiment of the current invention, 1) removing the SCOBY biofilm from the Kombucha culture, 2) processing that SCOBY biofilm into fibers of desired dimensions while retaining their properties, and 3) replacing the solvent to remove acids, organics, heavy metals, and/or other molecules that would interfere with the bonding of the Kombucha fiber, but without disturbing the intrinsic properties of the Kombucha fiber itself. Thus, the present invention demonstrates an innovative synthesis and use of Kombucha SCOBY to enhance the properties of fiber products using a fiber additive made from bacterial cellulose derived from the SCOBY biomass.
[0029] A batch of Kombucha contains, in embodiments: (1) at least one beneficial yeast, (2) Acetobacter (a beneficial bacteria in the SCOBY), (3) gluconic acid (a pH regulator), and (4) acetic acid (an antimicrobial acid, which also stabilizes blood sugar). Most batches of Kombucha will also contain an analgesic (pain reliever), an anti-arthritic compound, an antispasmodic compound, a liver-protective compound, and several antibacterial compounds. The final (resultant) Kombucha SCOBY fiber additive product contains a blend of beneficial bacteria and yeast (probiotics) as well as certain acids, enzymes, vitamins and other nutrients that aid digestion, detoxify the body, and promote an efficacious impact on health.
[0030] Bacterial Cellulose refers to the biofilm created by microbial cultures upon conversion of a nutrient substrate during the fermentation process. While traditional Bacterial Cellulose is grown using very limited substrates, Kombucha is a robust organism and can be trained to grow Kombucha-derived Bacterial Cellulose (KBC) using various substrates, including but not limited to: tea, coffee, red wine, white wine, malts/beers, and residual juices from fruits (e.g., tangerine or lime), vegetables, coconut milk, or other organic matter. In another aspect, the novel fiber product additive further comprises at least one chemical or ingredient selected from: a flavorant, a colorant, a vitamin, or a combination thereof. The flavorant may be selected from: beet juice, lemon juice, mint, or another natural fruit or vegetable flavor, in aspects. In another aspect, the color of the fiber product additive is selected from: tan (e.g., derived from black tea substrate), purple (e.g., derived from red wine substrate), white (e.g., derived from white wine substrate), or a combination thereof. In another aspect, the fiber product additive is flavored by other additives in the Kombucha. For example, Kombucha can be flavored by both natural and synthetic ingredients or components, including but not limited to beet juice, lemon juice, mint, or any other fruit/vegetable, or organic product. In another aspect, the fiber product additive further comprises a vitamin, a mineral, a botanical, or a combination thereof. Examples of vitamins include: B12, A, C, D, and E. Examples of botanicals include: acai, green tea, black tea, and grape seed.
[0031] The fiber additive derived from the Kombucha SCOBY may be produced by growing and harvesting microbial cellulose via the procedures described in the related patent application publication no. 2019/0174815, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. Additionally, to purify this additive and prepare it for varied uses as a versatile fiber additive, additional steps may be taken to assure product quality and regularity. Such additional steps may include the removal of impurities, such as proteins, fats, nucleic acids, and heavy metals, and the balancing of pH. The process influences the properties of the final fiber additive product and is designed to generate resultant properties that are, in aspects, non-volatile, consumer safe, and highly pure, and which retain as many of the positive natural properties of KBC as possible.
Example 1
[0032] When used as a fiberboard additive in a paper product, such as cardboard or construction paper, the product may further comprise 0.1-5% by weight of a paper additive, other than the Kombucha SCOBY fiber, selected from calcium carbonate, formation aid PEO (polyethylene oxide), lime, soda ash, coagulant, kaolin clay, flame retardant, gelatin sizing, sizing, methyl cellulose, or a combination thereof. When adding Kombucha Fiber, the fiber composition may be calculated by considering the weight of wet SCOBY that must be added to a fiber blend, such that 1 kg of SCOBY added to 99 kg of other fiber or polymers constitutes 1% w/w (weight by weight or weight per weight), by example or illustration. Additionally, the fiber composition may be considered as the addition of dry Kombucha fiber that must be added to a fiber blend, such that 1 kg of Kombucha Fiber added to 99 kg of other fiber or polymers constitutes 1% w/w. Additionally, the composition of a paper additive, as described above, may be considered as the weight of the paper additive that is added to a total fiber blend, such that 1 kg of paper additive in 99 kg of total fiber, comprised of Kombucha fiber, SCOBY, other fibers and/or polymers, yields 1% w/w. Similarly, any of the above compositions may be calculated as weight by volume, such that 1 kg SCOBY, Kombucha fiber, or paper additive, when added to 100 L of solution, yields 1% w/v (weight by volume). The solution in question can be water or water that has already been combined with other fiber or polymers, in aspects.
[0033] In another aspect, when used as a fiberboard additive in a cardboard product, the Kombucha fiber additive may increase the proportion of recycled fiber usable and decrease the proportion of virgin fiber needed. In another aspect, when used as a fiberboard additive in a cardboard product, the Kombucha fiber additive may increase the mechanical and barrier properties of the cardboard.
Example 2
[0034] KBC, when used as a fiber additive in a food casing, filler, hard form consumable, soft form consumable, and/or ice nucleation agent, helps in preservation of food. When used as a fiber additive in a food casing, the KBC fiber additive incorporates various biologics to prevent spoilage and/or to maintain improved, ideal or near ideal conditions. In another aspect, when used as a fiber additive in a food casing, the Kombucha fiber additive affects the material properties of the casing by inciting bacterial resistance to pathogens including but not limited to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. When used as a fiber additive in a food casing, the Kombucha fiber additive imparts the following impactful properties: tensile strength, in situ moldability, water holding capacity, biocompatibility and biodegradability, porosity, crystallinity, air permeability, fibre length, and fiber diameter. In another aspect, when used as a fiber additive in a food product or casing for a food product, the Kombucha fiber additive is an edible, non-toxic additive to food or food packaging which provides nutritional value and is food safe. Microcrystalline cellulose has been shown to provide positive effects on gastrointestinal physiology, and hypolipidemic effects, influencing the expression of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, as well as benefits to metabolic pathways based on the dietary fiber content of KBC. Additionally, synthetic sweeteners can be absorbed by the fiber additive which can then be used as a carrier for a wide variety of frozen and other foodstuffs.
Example 3
[0035] In another aspect of the present invention, when used as a fiber additive in a cellulosic fiber based surface coating for packaging, the Kombucha fiber additive enhances barrier properties such as air permeability, water vapor permeability, moisture barrier properties, porosity, hydrophobicity, thermal insulative stability, burst strength, compression strength, tensile strength, elongation, tear strength, stiffness, elastic modulus, smoothness, electrostatic stability, and/or radiation absorption, and improves shelf life and stability.
Example 4
[0036] In another aspect of the present invention, when used as a fiber additive in a hydrocarbon surface coating (synthetic bio-polymer including but not limited to Polylactic acid (PLA), Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), etc., which has been mechanically introduced to the Kombucha fiber additive), the Kombucha fiber additive enhances barrier properties in addition to those cited in
Example 5
[0037] In another aspect of the present invention, when used as a fiber additive in synthetic fabric products, such as for textiles in garments, speaker technology, medical sutures, and industrial cloth or rope made from cellulose, the Kombucha fiber additive as described herein imparts mechanical resistance, dimensional stability, tension resistance, lowered weight, enhanced durability, absorption in a hydrated state, enhanced water retention capacity, selective porosity, enhanced resistance when humid, and enhanced capacity of retention with regards to the surface-volume relation.
Example 6
[0038] In another aspect of the present invention, when used as a fiber additive in synthetic leather products, the unique Kombucha fiber additive imparts insulative capabilities and unique texture. Further, the Kombucha SCOBY can be conditioned to form a leather like material on its own. The steps involved, in aspects, include solvent exchange with the Kombucha SCOBY to remove acids, organics, salts, and/or other impurities. The SCOBY can be simultaneously dehydrated while one or a variety of oils and/or waxes are applied to maintain its malleability. As the SCOBY dries, the material can be mechanically worked (e.g., rigorously mechanically worked) and/or manipulated to impart elasticity, durability, and/or longevity to the material.
Example 7
[0039] In another aspect of the present invention, when used as a fiber additive in medical grade wound dressings and bandages the KBC can enhance tensile properties, water holding capacity, biocompatibility, and porosity and permeability to gases, allowing them to maintain a suitable moist environment, and to absorb wound exudates. Additionally, KBC has a liquid storage capacity impactful for the transference of medically significant liquids (note U.S. Pat. No. 4,588,400, hereby incorporated by reference herein), such as cyclosporin to reduce risk of implant rejection, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antifungal agents for wound dressing, or other pertinent drugs to aid in the effectiveness of a wound dressing. The liquid storage capabilities of the fiber additive can be used for this task as the liquid held within the fiber additive is slowly dispersed throughout the environment by processes requiring no additional mechanization, instigation, bioengineering, or administering of chemicals or additional chemicals.
Example 8
[0040] In another aspect of the present invention, when used as a fiber additive in growth media substrate, a degree of dispersion of submicron hydrophilic cellulose fibers provides a superior growing medium for both plant and animal tissues, partially due to the constant water supply coupled with air permeability that allows root hairs to breath and remain hydrated (not drown) and partially due to structural stability. The same characteristics enable KBC gels to perform as seed coatings which can be engineered to space out seeds within a prefab membrane. In similar agricultural systems, KBC can be injected with fertilizers, pesticides, etc. and slowly disperse them throughout the environment while being resistant to viruses and pathogens.
Example 9
[0041] In another aspect of the present invention, when used as a fiber additive in biofiltration sponges, the surface area of the fiber additive enables increased holding capacity and rate of absorption of the biofilter, particularly in vapor populated environments. Dimensional stability with regards to high or extreme temperatures including hot water are of particular benefit to this particular embodiment of the invention.
Example 10
[0042] In another aspect of the present invention, the invention described herein can be used as a fiber additive in insulation, such as aerosolized spray insulation for construction projects, wherein the additive imparts non-toxicity or less toxicity, a degree of biodegradability, insulative properties, and homogeneity of the insulation product.
Example 11
[0043] In another aspect of the present invention, when used as a fiber additive in cosmetic skin care products such as lotions, moisturizers, and makeup, the Kombucha fiber creates a stable oil-in-water emulsion that does not cause skin irritation, provides a high degree of hydration and can penetrate pores without damaging or poisoning the user. KBC can be beneficial to hair appearance, body, and feel due to submicron association of KBC fibrils in large quantities with hair follicles. Similarly in cosmetic applications, the fiber additive's liquid holding capacity and natural dispersal process allows the fiber additive to carry skin treating compounds, wrinkle treating or removing compounds, other drugs, emoluments, hair treatments, and hormones for the skin.
Example 12
[0044] In another aspect of the present invention, the invention can be used as a fiber additive in resins, gums, and gels, including but not limited to examples such as Xanthan and alginate, which individually have many industrial applications. In these embodiments of the fiber additive, resultant increase in strength properties and flexibility can be achieved.
Example 13
[0045] In another aspect of the present invention, the invention can be used as a fiber additive to create or be added as a component/ingredient of any of the following: Labels, Cards, Paperboard Boxes, Wrapping Paper, Tissue Paper, Receipts, Specialty Paper, Coated Papers, Leather, Waterproofing Papers, Kitchen Paper Products (napkins, paper plates), Cover Paper, Film Sheets, Sketching/Art Paper, Adhesive Stickers, Coffee Filters, Vapor Filters, Wallpaper, Clothing, Raincoat Ponchos, Folders, Office Supplies, School Supplies, Waterproof Leather Sheets, Retail products (barcode labels, price tags), Paper Bags (wine gift bags, grocery bags), Film Paper, Contact Paper, Bottle labels, Poster Boards, Paper Box, Corrugated PaperBoard, Folding Paper Cartons, Sticky Notes, Notepads, Toilet Roll, Paper Roll, Construction materials, Insulation, Tea Bags, Tobacco & Marijuana Industry paper products, Cigarette Papers, Cigarette Rolling Papers, Paper Towels, Paper Packaging, Tissues, Paper Cups, Artisan craft paper, Smoke Filters, Air Filters, Paper Tubes, Specialty Fiber Combinations for Artisan Purposes, Interior Design, Gift Packaging, Ribbons, Twine, String, Thread, Shredded Pet Bedding, Furniture/Bedding Pads, Paper Envelopes, Shipping & Packaging, Newsprint Paper, Paper Window Products/Blinds, Paper Lamp Shades, Plant-based Baskets, Bond Paper/Legal Documents, Letterheads/Business Contract/Resume Paper, Social Correspondence Paper, Wedding Stationery/Invitation Paper, Translucent Tracing Paper, Parchment, Vellum, Backing Paper, Doilies, Patterned Paper, Decoupage Paper, Scrapbooking Paper, Origami Paper, Brown Paper, Curtains, Construction Paper (Sheathing Paper, Roofing, Floor Covering, Sound Proofing, Industrial, Similar Felts, Sheathing Paper, Insulation, Decorative Finishes for Wall), Air Freshener Paper, Perfume Paper/Tester, Scent Paper, Crepe Paper, Art Tissue Paper & Streamers, Containerboard, Clipboard, Cover Paper (Embellished Paper, Heavy Paper, Book Covers, Catalogues, Brochures, Pamphlets), Woven Paper, Paint Canvas, Paint Fabric Swatches, Interleaved/Perforated/Crosshatched/Watermarked Paper, Food Wrappers, Food Box Containers, Bible/Book Papers, Coated Papers, Facial/Cosmetic Papers, Makeup Paper Wipes, Feminine Hygiene Products, Wallboard, Pressure-Sensitive Contact Film Paper, Cloth Bags, Medical Paper Products, Gauze, Bandages, Paper Gowns, Paper Masks, Paper Hair Caps, Paper Tape, Paper Toilet Seat Covers, Medical Paper Pouch/Sachets, Disposable Paper, Medical Crepe Paper, Plotter Paper/Roll Tape Paper, Microfilters, Dental Fiber Rolls, Fiber Balls, PH Indicator Paper Strips, Cupcake Cup Liners, Graph Paper, Architecture Drafting Paper, Calligraphy Paper, Baking Parchment Paper, Food Paper Liners/Container/Tray Liners, Wax Paper Liners, Food/Deli Wrapping Paper, Pet Cardboard Houses, Pet Paper Litter, Sandpaper, Adhesive Lint Roller Paper, Laminated Paper, Paper Dollhouses, Paper Toys, Photo Paper, Paper Placemats, Paper Coasters, Cup Sleeve Holders, Journals, Planners, Art Prints, Stamps, Gift Cards, Maps, Business Cards, and/or Masking/Art/Painting Tape.
Example 14
[0046] In another aspect of the present invention, KBC can be used in whole or as an additive to create or act as a component/ingredient of hydrogels.
[0047]
[0048]
[0049] In aspects, the fiber product additive can comprise from 0.1% to 20% of the cellulose from the microbe grown in the symbiotic colony of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) formed during Kombucha culture and/or fermentation.
[0050] In aspects, a product comprising the fiber product additive can comprise from 0.1% to 20% of the cellulose from the microbe grown in the symbiotic colony of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) formed during Kombucha culture and/or fermentation.
[0051] In aspects, a paper product comprising the fiber product additive can comprise from 0.1% to 20% of the cellulose from the microbe grown in the symbiotic colony of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) formed during Kombucha culture and/or fermentation.
[0052] In aspects, the fiber product additive can comprise from 20% to 100% of the cellulose from the microbe grown in the symbiotic colony of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) formed during Kombucha culture and/or fermentation.
[0053] In aspects, a product comprising the fiber product additive can comprise from 20% to 100% of the cellulose from the microbe grown in the symbiotic colony of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) formed during Kombucha culture and/or fermentation.
[0054] In aspects, a paper product comprising the fiber product additive can comprise from 20% to 100% of the cellulose from the microbe grown in the symbiotic colony of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) formed during Kombucha culture and/or fermentation.
[0055] In aspects, the fiber product additive is incorporated in or added to a production of a bioplastic, wherein the bioplastic comprises a blend of polymers, wherein the blend of polymers includes one or more of Polylactic acid (PLA), Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), chitosan, keratin, and/or cornstarch.
[0056] In aspects, a bioplastic comprising the fiber product additive comprises a blend of polymers, wherein the blend of polymers includes one or more of Polylactic acid (PLA), Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), chitosan, keratin, and/or cornstarch.
[0057] One skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosed features may be used singularly, in any combination, or omitted based on the requirements and specifications of a given application or design. When an embodiment refers to “comprising” certain features, it is to be understood that the embodiments can alternatively “consist of” or “consist essentially of” any one or more of the features. Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention.
[0058] It is noted that where a range of values is provided in this specification, each value between the upper and lower limits of that range is also specifically disclosed. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range as well. The singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary in nature and that variations that do not depart from the essence of the invention fall within the scope of the invention. Further, all the references cited in this disclosure are each individually incorporated by reference herein in their entireties and as such are intended to provide an efficient way of supplementing the enabling disclosure of this invention as well as provide background detailing the level of ordinary skill in the art.
REFERENCES
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