ANTIVIRAL VINYL-CHLORIDE RESIN COMPOSITION, ANTIVIRAL SHEET OF VINYL-CHLORIDE RESIN, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, INTERIOR DECORATIVE SHEET, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING INTERIOR DECORATIVE SHEET, INTERIOR DECORATIVE SHEET OF POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE) RESIN, ANTIVIRAL WALLPAPER, AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ANTIVIRAL WALLPAPER

Abstract

There is provided an antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin composition including: 100 parts by weight of a poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin obtained by mixing 10-90 parts by weight of a vinyl-chloride-based resin for paste with 90-10 parts by weight of a suspension vinyl-chloride-based resin; and 0.5-10.0 parts by weight of a sulfonic-acid-based surfactant.

Claims

1. An antiviral interior decorative sheet including a poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin, the interior decorative sheet comprising: a base layer; and an antiviral poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin layer formed by applying to the base layer an antiviral poly(vinyl chloride)-based sol composition containing 100 parts by weight of a poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin for paste, 0.1-7.5 parts by weight of a sulfonic-acid-based surfactant and 10-100 parts by weight of a plasticizer, wherein the sulfonic-acid-based surfactant is added during production of the poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin for paste.

2. The antiviral interior decorative sheet including a poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin according to claim 1, wherein the plasticizer is contained in an amount of 20-70 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin for paste.

3. The antiviral interior decorative sheet including a poly(vinyl chloride) based resin according to claim 1, wherein the antiviral poly(vinyl chloride)-based sol composition contains a foaming agent in an amount of 0.01-5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the antiviral poly(vinyl chloride)-based sol composition.

4. The antiviral interior decorative sheet including a poly(vinyl chloride) based resin according to claim 1, wherein the antiviral poly(vinyl chloride)-based sol composition contains substantially no foaming agent.

5. The antiviral interior decorative sheet including a poly(vinyl chloride) based resin according to claim 1, wherein the sulfonic-acid-based surfactant is an alkylbenzenesulfonic-acid-based compound.

6. The antiviral interior decorative sheet including a poly(vinyl chloride) based resin according to claim 1, further comprising a topcoat layer on a surface of the antiviral poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin layer.

7. The antiviral interior decorative sheet including a poly(vinyl chloride) based resin according to claim 1, wherein the base layer is a sheet of a synthetic resin, paper, a woven fabric, a non-woven fabric or a combination of a synthetic resin and paper, a woven fabric or a non-woven fabric.

8. An antiviral wallpaper comprising: a resin layer containing a resinous ingredient containing a vinyl chloride resin for paste into which a sulfonic-acid-based surfactant is incorporated beforehand in an amount of 2.0% by weight or larger based on the resinous ingredient; a base layer on a surface of the resin layer; and a topcoat layer on another surface of the resin layer, the another surface of the resin layer being on an opposite side of the resin layer from the surface of the resin layer, wherein the antiviral wallpaper is in a fourth or higher grade of a test according to a regulation for performance of surface-reinforced wallpapers.

9. The antiviral wallpaper according to claim 8, where the antiviral wallpaper exhibits a coefficient of dynamic friction according to ASTM D 1894 that is 0.5 or less.

10. The antiviral wallpaper according to claim 8, wherein the resinous ingredient contains the vinyl chloride resin for paste and another vinyl chloride resin.

11. The antiviral wallpaper according to claim 8, wherein the resin layer contains a foaming agent in an amount of 0.01-5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the resinous ingredient.

12. The antiviral wallpaper according to claim 8, wherein the resin layer contains substantially no foaming agent.

13. The antiviral wallpaper according to claim 8, wherein the sulfonic-acid-based surfactant is an alkylbenzenesulfonic-acid-based compound.

14. The antiviral wallpaper according to claim 8, wherein the base layer is plain pulp paper, flameproof pulp paper, calcium carbonate paper, aluminum hydroxide paper, or fleece paper.

15. The antiviral wallpaper according to claim 8, wherein the topcoat is an acrylic resin, a urethane resin or a fluoro-resin.

16. The antiviral wallpaper according to claim 8, wherein the topcoat has fine interstices therein.

17. The antiviral interior decorative sheet of claim 1, further comprising a topcoat of an acrylic resin, a urethane resin or a fluoro-resin.

18. The antiviral interior decorative sheet of claim 1, further comprising a topcoat that has fine interstices therein.

Description

EXAMPLES

[0220] The present invention will be explained below in detail by reference to

[0221] Examples, but the invention should not be construed as being limited to the following Examples.

[First Aspect]

[0222] The compounding agents used in the Examples and the Comparative Examples are the following substances.

[0223] Vinyl-chloride-based resin 10A-1: suspension vinyl-chloride-based resin; average degree of polymerization, 1,000

[0224] Vinyl-chloride-based resin 10A-2: suspension vinyl-chloride-based resin; average degree of polymerization, 700

[0225] Vinyl-chloride-based resin 10B-1: vinyl-chloride-based resin for paste;

[0226] average degree of polymerization, 850 (content of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 5.0 wt %)

[0227] Vinyl-chloride-based resin 10B-2: vinyl-chloride-based resin for paste; average degree of polymerization, 850 (content of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 7.5 wt %)

[0228] Vinyl-chloride-based resin 10B-3: vinyl-chloride-based resin for paste; average degree of polymerization, 850 (containing no sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate)

[0229] Plasticizer 10C-1: di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate

[0230] Stabilizer 10D-1: metal soap

[0231] Additive 10E-1: sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate

<Formation Conditions 101>

[0232] Each of the mixtures of Examples and Comparative Examples shown in Tables 101 and 103 was kneaded for 3 minutes with a batch mixer set at 150° C. Thereafter, the kneaded mixture was formed into a sheet having a thickness of 50 μm by means of a two-roll mill set at 190° C., thereby producing a vinyl-chloride-based resin sheet. The vinyl-chloride-based resin sheets were evaluated for antiviral property and processability.

<Formation Conditions 102>

[0233] Each of the mixtures of Examples and Comparative Examples shown in Tables 102 and 104 was kneaded for 3 minutes with a batch mixer set at 150° C. Thereafter, the kneaded mixture was formed into a sheet having a thickness of 200 μm by means of a two-roll mill set at 180° C., thereby producing a vinyl-chloride-based resin sheet. The vinyl-chloride-based resin sheets were evaluated for antiviral property and processability.

[0234] <Antiviral Property>

[0235] As a test virus, use was made of avian influenza virus A/whistling swan/Shimane/499/83 (H5N3) strain (hereinafter referred to as H5N3 strain).

[0236] The virus was multiplied in the chorioallantoic cavity of an embryonic egg and diluted with a sterilized phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH, 7.2) so as to result in a concentration of 1.0×10.sup.6 EID.sub.50/0.1 mL. Thus, a virus-containing test liquid was prepared.

[0237] Each of the vinyl-chloride-based resin sheets having a size of 5 cm×5 cm and produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples shown in Tables 101 to 104 was placed on a petri dish. A 0.22-mL portion of the virus-containing test liquid was placed on the surface of the vinyl-chloride-based resin sheet, and this sheet was covered with a polyethylene film of 4 cm×4 cm. This petri dish was lidded and allowed to stand still for 1 hour in an incubator set at 20° C. After the 1 hour, the virus-containing liquid on the surface of each vinyl-chloride-based resin sheet was collected and diluted tenfold in stages. The diluted virus-containing liquid was inoculated in an amount of 0.1 mL with a syringe into the chorioallantoic cavity of an embryonic egg aged 10 days.

[0238] After the inoculation, the embryonic egg was incubated at 37° C. for 2 days, and whether or not the virus had multiplied within the chorioallantoic cavity was determined by a hemagglutination test. The virus titer (log.sub.10EID.sub.50/0.1 mL) was calculated by the Reed & Muench method.

[0239] As a blank, the virus-containing test liquid before the test (i.e., the virus-containing test liquid which had not been brought into contact with the vinyl-chloride-based resin sheet) was examined to calculate the virus titer (log.sub.10EID.sub.50/0.1 mL) in the procedure described above. The antiviral properties of each vinyl-chloride-based resin sheet was evaluated in terms of the difference obtained by subtracting the virus titer of the virus-containing liquid which had undergone 1-hour contact with the vinyl-chloride-based resin sheet from the virus titer of the virus-containing liquid before the test. The larger the difference is, the higher the antiviral properties of the vinyl-chloride-based resin sheet is.

[0240] A: the difference between the virus titer (before test) and the virus titer (after 1 hour) is 4 or larger

[0241] B: the difference between the virus titer (before test) and the virus titer (after 1 hour) is 3 or larger but less than 4

[0242] C: the difference between the virus titer (before test) and the virus titer (after 1 hour) is 2 or larger but less than 3

[0243] D: the difference between the virus titer (before test) and the virus titer (after 1 hour) is less than 2

<Processability/Sheet Formation>

[0244] Each composition was evaluated for roll processability during the formation of a vinyl-chloride-based resin sheet with the two-roll mill.

[0245] A: satisfactory

[0246] B: processable without arousing problem

[0247] C: processable although the processability is slightly poor

[0248] D: unable to be processed

<Processability/Plate-Out>

[0249] Each composition was evaluated for plate-out on the roll surfaces during the formation of a vinyl-chloride-based resin sheet with the two-roll mill.

[0250] A: no plate-out

[0251] B: plate-out occurred slightly

[0252] C: plate-out occurred

[0253] D: plate-out occurred on the whole roll surfaces

<Processability/Initial Discoloration>

[0254] Each vinyl-chloride-based resin sheet formed with the two-roll mill was evaluated for initial discoloration in terms of yellowness.

[0255] Using “SM Color Computer”, manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co.,

[0256] Ltd., the yellowness of the vinyl-chloride-based resin sheet was determined in accordance with JIS K 7373 (2006). The yellowness of the reference sample, in which (suspension vinyl-chloride-based resin):(vinyl-chloride-based resin for paste)=100:0 and which contained no sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, was used as a reference to evaluate the difference between the reference yellowness and the yellowness of the vinyl-chloride-based resin sheet in accordance with the following criteria.

[0257] Difference in yellowness=(yellowness of vinyl-chloride-based resin sheet)-(yellowness of reference sample)

[0258] A: the difference in yellowness is less than +1.0

[0259] B: the difference in yellowness is +1.0 or larger but less than +2.0

[0260] C: the difference in yellowness is +2.0 or larger but less than +3.0

[0261] D: the difference in yellowness is +3.0 or larger

<Processability, Overall Evaluation>

[0262] The processability of each composition during the sheet formation therefrom with the two-roll mill was evaluated while taking account of all of the sheet formation, plate-out, and initial discoloration.

[0263] A: satisfactory

[0264] B: processable without arousing problem

[0265] C: processable although the processability is slightly poor

[0266] D: unable to be processed

Examples 101 to 107

[0267] Mixtures obtained by mixing a suspension vinyl-chloride-based resin with a vinyl-chloride-based resin for paste which contained 5.0% by weight sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, as shown in Table 101, were formed by the method described under <Formation Conditions 101> above, thereby producing antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin sheets for interior decoration in which the contents of the sulfonic-acid-based surfactant were 0.5-4.2 parts by weight. The antiviral properties and the processability were evaluated.

Examples 108 and 109

[0268] Mixtures obtained by mixing a suspension vinyl-chloride-based resin with a vinyl-chloride-based resin for paste which contained no sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and adding thereto sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate so as to result in a content of the sulfonic-acid-based surfactant of 2.0 parts by weight were formed by the method described under <Formation Conditions 101> above, thereby producing antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin sheets for interior decoration. The antiviral sheets were evaluated. Incidentally, the Examples shown in Table 101 are rigid antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin sheets to which no plasticizer has been added.

10 Examples 110 to 114, 117, and 118

[0269] Mixtures obtained by mixing a suspension vinyl-chloride-based resin with a vinyl-chloride-based resin for paste which contained 5.0% by weight sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, as shown in Table 102, were formed by the method described under <Formation Conditions 102> above, thereby producing antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin sheets for interior decoration in which the contents of the sulfonic-acid-based surfactant were 1.0-4.2 parts by weight. The antiviral sheets were evaluated.

Examples 115 and 116

[0270] Mixtures obtained by mixing a suspension vinyl-chloride-based resin with a vinyl-chloride-based resin for paste which contained 7.5% by weight sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, as shown in Table 102, were formed by the method described under <Formation Conditions 102> above, thereby producing antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin sheets for interior decoration in which the contents of the sulfonic-acid-based surfactant were 1.0-2.1 parts by weight. The antiviral sheets were evaluated. Incidentally, the Examples shown in Table 102 are flexible antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin sheets to which a plasticizer has been added.

Comparative Examples 101 to 104

[0271] Antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin sheets for interior decoration in which the contents of a sulfonic-acid-based surfactant were 0-0.25 parts by weight and 5.0-5.3 parts by weight, as shown in Table 103, were produced by the method described under <Formation Conditions 101> above. The antiviral properties and the processability were evaluated. Incidentally, the Comparative Examples shown in Table 103 are rigid antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin sheets to which no plasticizer has been added.

Comparative Examples 105 to 108

[0272] Antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin sheets for interior decoration in which the contents of a sulfonic-acid-based surfactant were 0-0.25 parts by weight and 5.0-5.3 parts by weight, as shown in Table 104, were produced by the method described under <Formation Conditions 102> above. The antiviral sheets were evaluated. Incidentally, the Comparative Examples shown in Table 104 are flexible antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin sheets to which a plasticizer has been added.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 101 Example Unit 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 Recipe Poly(vinyl 10A-1 parts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 chloride) 10A-2 parts 90 80 70 60 50 40 20 60 50 Poly(vinyl 10B-1 parts 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 0 0 chloride) 10B-2 parts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10B-3 parts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 50 Plasticizer 10C-1 parts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Stabilizer 10D-1 parts 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Additive 10E-1 parts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 Compo- Suspension poly(vinyl parts 90 81 71 61 51 41 21 60 50 sition chloride)-based resin Poly(vinyl chloride)- parts 10 19 29 39 49 59 79 40 50 based resin for paste Content of sulfonic- parts 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.6 3.1 4.2 2.0 2.0 acid-based surfactant Content of plasticizer parts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Test Antiviral property C C B B A A A B B results Process- Sheet formation A A A B B C C C C ability Plate-out A A B B C C C C C Initial discoloration A A B B B C C B C Overall evaluation A A A B B C C C C of processability

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 102 Example Unit 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 Recipe Poly(vinyl 10A-1 parts 80 70 60 40 20 87 73 60 40 chloride) 10A-2 parts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Poly(vinyl 10B-1 parts 20 30 40 60 80 0 0 40 60 chloride) 10B-2 parts 0 0 0 0 0 13 27 0 0 10B-3 parts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Plasticizer 10C-1 parts 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 25 25 Stabilizer 10D-1 parts 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Additive 10E-1 parts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Compo- Suspension poly(vinyl parts 81 71 61 41 21 88 75 61 41 sition chloride)-based resin Poly(vinyl chloride)- parts 19 29 39 59 79 12 25 39 59 based resin for paste Content of sulfonic- parts 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.1 4.2 1.0 2.1 2.0 3.1 acid-based surfactant Content of plasticizer parts 30 30 31 31 31 30 31 26 26 Test Antiviral property C B A A A C A A A results Process- Sheet formation A B B C C B B B C ability Plate-out A B C C C B C C C Initial discoloration A A B B C A B B C Overall evaluation A B B C C B B B C of processability

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 103 Comparative Example Unit 101 102 103 104 Recipe Poly(vinyl 10A-1 parts 0 0 0 0 chloride) 10A-2 parts 100 95 5 0 Poly(vinyl 10B-1 parts 0 5 95 100 chloride) 10B-2 parts 0 0 0 0 10B-3 parts 0 0 0 0 Plasticizer 10C-1 parts 0 0 0 0 Stabilizer 10D-1 parts 3 3 3 3 Additive 10E-1 parts 0 0 0 0 Compo- Suspension poly(vinyl parts 100 95 5 0 sition chloride)-based resin Poly(vinyl chloride)- parts 0 5 95 100 based resin for paste Content of sulfonic- parts 0 0.25 5.0 5.3 acid-based surfactant Content of plasticizer parts 0 0 0 0 Test Antiviral property D D N.D. N.D. results Process- Sheet formation A A D D ability Plate-out A A D D Initial discoloration A A D N.D. Overall evaluation A A D D of processability

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 104 Comparative Example Unit 105 106 107 108 Recipe Poly(vinyl 10A-1 parts 100 95 5 0 chloride) 10A-2 parts 0 0 0 0 Poly(vinyl 10B-1 parts 0 5 95 100 chloride) 10B-2 parts 0 0 0 0 10B-3 parts 0 0 0 0 Plasticizer 10C-1 parts 30 30 30 30 Stabilizer 10D-1 parts 3 3 3 3 Additive 10E-1 parts 0 0 0 0 Makeup Suspension poly(vinyl parts 100 95 5 0 chloride)-based resin Poly(vinyl chloride)- parts 0 5 95 100 based resin for paste Content of sulfonic- parts 0 0.25 5.0 5.3 acid-based surfactant Content of plasticizer parts 30 30 31 32 Test Antiviral property D D A N.D. results Process- Sheet formation A A C D ability Plate-out A A D D Initial discoloration A A C N.D. Overall evaluation A A D D of processability

[0273] In the rigid antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin sheets shown in Table 101, effective antiviral properties are obtained when the content of the sulfonic-acid-based surfactant is 0.5 parts by weight or higher (Example 101 and Comparative Example 102). More desirable antiviral properties are obtained when the content thereof is 1.5 parts by weight or higher, and even more desirable antiviral properties are obtained when the content thereof is 2.5 parts by weight or higher (Examples 103 and 105).

[0274] Meanwhile, the composition in which the proportion of the vinyl-chloride-based resin for paste exceeds 90 parts by weight and the proportion of the suspension vinyl-chloride-based resin is less than 10 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin, cannot be formed into a sheet (Comparative Example 103).

[0275] In the flexible antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin sheets shown in Table 102, there is a tendency similar to that of the rigid antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin sheets. Namely, high antiviral properties are obtained when the content of the sulfonic-acid-based surfactant is 2.0 parts by weight or higher (Example 112). Furthermore, as in the case of the rigid antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin sheets, the composition in which the proportion of the vinyl-chloride-based resin for paste exceeds 90 parts by weight and the proportion of the suspension vinyl-chloride-based resin is less than 10 parts by weight cannot be formed into a sheet (Comparative Example 107).

[0276] A comparison in antiviral property between rigid antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin sheets (Table 101) and flexible antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin sheets (Table 102) shows that when the content of the sulfonic-acid-based surfactant is 2.0 parts by weight, the flexible antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin sheet (Example 112) has higher antiviral properties than the rigid antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin sheet (Example 104). Consequently, flexible antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin sheets are more apt to produce an antiviral effect.

[0277] In Table 101, compositions which are equal in the content of a sulfonic-acid-based surfactant are compared. Specifically, a comparison between Example 104, in which a PVC (poly(vinyl chloride)) resin into which a sulfonic-acid-based surfactant had been incorporated beforehand was used, and Example 108, in which a sulfonic-acid-based surfactant was added during sheet formation, shows that the two sheets are equal in antiviral property. However, the Example in which a sulfonic-acid-based surfactant had been incorporated beforehand into the vinyl-chloride-based resin for paste was superior in the evaluation of sheet formation and plate-out. Consequently, use of a vinyl-chloride-based resin for paste into which a sulfonic-acid-based surfactant has been incorporated beforehand brings about better processability. As described above, use of a vinyl-chloride-based resin for paste to which a sulfonic-acid-based surfactant was added during production of the vinyl-chloride-based resin for paste brings about excellent processability and excellent antiviral properties.

[0278] Examples 108 and 109 are Examples in which a vinyl-chloride-based resin for paste to which no sulfonic-acid-based surfactant had been added during production thereof was mixed with a suspension vinyl-chloride-based resin in different ratios. In these Examples, a sulfonic-acid-based surfactant was added during sheet formation. A comparison between Examples 108 and 109 shows that the antiviral properties do not depend on the proportion of the suspension vinyl-chloride-based resin. However, the comparison shows that the Example in which the proportion of the suspension vinyl-chloride-based resin is higher has a smaller difference in yellowness and hence better unsusceptibility to initial discoloration.

[Second Aspect]

[0279] The compounding agents used in the Examples and the Comparative Examples are the following substances.

[0280] Poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin 20A-1: suspension poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin; average degree of polymerization, 1,000

[0281] Poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin 20B-1: poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin for paste; average degree of polymerization, 850 (content of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 5.0 wt %)

[0282] Poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin 20B-2: poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin for paste; average degree of polymerization, 850 (content of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 10.0 wt %)

[0283] Sulfonic-acid-based surfactant 20C-1: sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate; purity, 90%

[0284] (trade name, NANSA (registered trademark) HS90/S, manufactured by Huntsman Japan K.K.)

[0285] Plasticizer 20D-1: di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate

[0286] Stabilizer 20E-1: Ba—Zn-based metal soap

[0287] Stabilizer 20E-2: Ba—Zn-based metal soap

[0288] Stabilizer 20E-3: epoxidized soybean oil

[0289] Viscosity-lowering agent 20E-1: fatty-acid-ester-based surfactant

[0290] Filler 20G-1: lightweight calcium carbonate (treated with fatty acid); specific-surface-area diameter, 1.5 p.m (calculated from BET specific surface area)

<Formation Conditions 201>

[0291] Each of the mixtures of the Examples shown in Table 201 and the Comparative Examples shown in Table 202 was kneaded for 3 minutes with a batch mixer set at 150° C. Thereafter, the kneaded mixture was formed into a sheet having a thickness of 350 μm by means of a two-roll mill set to a temperature of 180° C., thereby producing an interior decorative sheet.

<Formation Conditions 202>

[0292] The mixture of Comparative Example 206 shown in Table 202 was mixed and defoamed under vacuum to produce a vinyl-chloride-based sol composition. This vinyl-chloride-based sol composition was applied with a bar coater to a fabric-backed flexible PVC (poly(vinyl chloride)) sheet as a base to thereby form a resin layer on the base. Next, the sol composition applied was dried in a 205° C. oven for 5 minutes to solidify the resin layer, thereby producing an interior decorative sheet.

<Antiviral Property>

[0293] A virus-containing test liquid was prepared in the same manner as in [First Aspect], and the virus titer was calculated. The antiviral properties were evaluated in accordance with the following.

[0294] A: the difference between the virus titer (before test) and the virus titer (after 1 hour) is 4 or larger

[0295] B: the difference between the virus titer (before test) and the virus titer (after 1 hour) is 2 or larger but less than 4

[0296] C: the difference between the virus titer (before test) and the virus titer (after 25 1 hour) is less than 2

<Handleability>

[0297] The mixtures of Examples and Comparative Examples shown in Table 201 and Table 202 each were evaluated for handleability during the mixing thereof

[0298] (Evaluation Criteria)

[0299] A: no particular problem.

[0300] B: the mixture becomes sol with the lapse of time but arouses no problem concerning handling.

[0301] C: the mixture is prone to become sol and has poor handleability.

<Processability>

[0302] Each mixture was evaluated for roll processability during the formation of an interior decorative sheet therefrom with the two-roll mill.

[0303] (Evaluation Criteria)

[0304] A: the mixture can be processed without arousing problem.

[0305] B: the mixture becomes prone to stick to the rolls, but the processing is possible.

[0306] C: the mixture sticks to the rolls and the processing is impossible.

<Coloring Due to Processing>

[0307] Coloring due to processing was evaluated by visually examining the yellowness of each of the interior decorative poly(vinyl chloride) resin sheets produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples shown in Table 201 and Table 202.

[0308] (Evaluation Criteria)

[0309] A: no yellowness.

[0310] B: slight yellowness is seen but is not problematic in practical use.

[0311] C: yellowness is noticeable to considerably affect the appearance.

<Water Blushing>

[0312] Each of the interior decorative sheets having a size of 10 cm×10 cm and produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples shown in Table 201 and Table 202 was placed on a petri dish. A sponge having a size of 3 cm×3 cm×3 cm and impregnated with distilled water was placed on the surface of the interior decorative poly(vinyl chloride) resin sheet. This petri dish was lidded and allowed to stand still in an environment of 20° C. and 65% RH for 24 hours. Thereafter, the sponge and the water were removed, and the interior decorative sheet was allowed to stand still for 24 hours and then visually evaluated for blushing.

[0313] (Evaluation Criteria)

[0314] A: the sheet has not blushed or has blushed to an unnoticeable degree.

[0315] B: the sheet has blushed slightly but the blushing is not problematic in practical use.

[0316] C: blushing is noticeable to considerably affect the appearance.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 201 Example Unit 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 Recipe Suspension 20A-1 parts 60 60 10 85 60 40 60 poly(vinyl chloride) Poly(vinyl 20B-1 parts 42.1 42.1 15.8 63.2 42.1 chloride) 20B-2 parts 100 44.4 for paste Sulfonic- 20C-1 parts acid-based surfactant Plasticizer 20D-1 parts 35 50 10 90 32 70 50 Stabilizer 20E-1 parts 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 20E-2 parts 20E-3 parts 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Viscosity- 20F-1 parts lowering agent Filler 20G-1 parts 30 Makeup Suspension poly(vinyl parts 60 60 10 85 60 40 60 chloride)-based resin Poly(vinyl chloride)- parts 40 40 90 15 40 60 40 based resin for paste Poly(vinyl chloride)- parts 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 based resin Sulfuric-acid-based parts 2.1 2.1 10.0 0.8 4.4 3.2 2.1 surfactant Plasticizer parts 35 50 10 90 32 70 50 Test Antiviral property B A A B A A A results Handleability A B A B A B A Roll processability A A B B A A A Coloring due to processing A A B A A B A Blushing A A B A A B A Formation method roll- roll- roll- roll- roll- roll- roll- ing ing ing ing ing ing ing

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 202 Comparative Example Unit 201 202 203 204 205 206 Recipe Suspension 20A-1 parts 100 100 60 60 poly(vinyl chloride) Poly(vinyl 20B-1 parts 105.3 42.1 42.1 105.3 chloride) 20B-2 parts for paste Sulfonic- 20C-1 parts 2.2 acid-based surfactant Plasticizer 20D-1 parts 35 35 35 5 120 35 Stabilizer 20E-1 parts 3 3 3 3 3 20E-2 parts 3 20E-3 parts 4 4 4 4 4 Viscosity- 20F-1 parts 7 lowering agent Filler 20G-1 parts Compo- Suspension poly(vinyl parts 100 0 100 60 60 0 sition chloride)-based resin Poly(vinyl chloride)- parts 0 100 0 40 40 100 based resin for paste Poly(vinyl chloride)- parts 100 100 100 100 100 100 based resin Sulfuric-acid-based parts 0 5.3 2.0 2.1 2.1 5.3 surfactant Plasticizer parts 35 35 35 5 120 35 Test Antiviral property C A B B A A results Handleability A C A A C — Roll processability A A A C C — Coloring due to processing A B C C A A Blushing A B A A B C Formation method roll- roll- roll- roll- roll- paste ing ing ing ing ing applica- tion

[0317] It can be seen from a comparison between Examples 201 to 206, which are shown in Table 201, and Comparative Example 201, which is shown in Table 202, that the inclusion of a sulfonic-acid-based surfactant has imparted antiviral properties. From a comparison between Example 201 and Example 202, it can be seen that in cases when the addition amount of the sulfonic-acid-based surfactant is the same, the antiviral properties are enhanced by increasing the addition amount of the plasticizer.

[0318] A comparison between Example 201 and Comparative Example 202 shows that by blending a poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin for paste with a suspension poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin in a proportion within the range according to the invention, excellent handleability is obtained in cases when the addition amount of the plasticizer is the same.

[0319] It can be seen from a comparison between Example 201 and Comparative Example 203 that excellent unsusceptibility to coloring due to processing is obtained by using a poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin for paste to which a sulfonic-acid-based surfactant has been added beforehand, without using a method in which the sulfonic-acid-based surfactant is directly added.

[0320] A comparison between Example 201 and Comparative Examples 204 and 205 shows that the composition is rendered excellent in terms of handleability, roll processability, and unsusceptibility to coloring due to processing, by regulating the addition amount of the plasticizer so as to be in the range according to the invention.

[0321] It can be seen from a comparison between Example 201 and Comparative Example 206 that excellent resistance to water blushing is obtained by performing not paste application but roll processing which is a melt forming technique.

[0322] It can be seen from Example 202 and Comparative Example 207 that handleability is improved by adding a filler.

[0323] Meanwhile, interior decorative sheets to each of which a back layer had been laminated were produced, although not shown in the tables. The back layer was obtained in the following manner

[0324] A hundred parts by weight of suspension poly(vinyl chloride) resin 20A-1 was kneaded together with 55 parts by weight of plasticizer 20D-1, 200 parts by weight of filler 20G-1, 3 parts by weight of stabilizer 20E-1, and 4 parts by weight of stabilizer 20E-3 for 3 minutes by means of a batch mixer set at 150° C. Thereafter, the kneaded mixture was formed into a sheet having a thickness of about 1.65 mm by means of a two-roll mill set at 180° C. The back layer thus obtained was thermally laminated to each of the surface layers of Examples 201 to 207, thereby obtaining interior decorative sheets for flooring material, each of which was composed of the surface layer and the back layer laminated thereto. These interior decorative sheets for flooring material each had a thickness of about 2 mm. These interior decorative sheets for flooring material were tested, and gave results which were similar to those shown in Table 201.

[Third Aspect]

[0325] The compounding agents used in the Examples and the Comparative Examples are the following substances.

[0326] Poly(vinyl chloride) 30A-1: poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin for paste; average degree of polymerization, 4,500 (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 10.0 wt %)

[0327] Poly(vinyl chloride) 30A-2: poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin for paste; average degree of polymerization, 4,500 (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 1.0 wt %)

[0328] Poly(vinyl chloride) 30A-3: poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin for paste; average degree of polymerization, 850 (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 5.0 wt %)

[0329] Poly(vinyl chloride) 30a-1: poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin for paste; average degree of polymerization, 4,500

[0330] Sulfonic-acid-based surfactant 30B-1: sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate; purity, 90%; (trade name, NANSA (registered trademark) HS90/S, manufactured by Huntsman Japan K.K.)

[0331] Plasticizer 30C-1: di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate

[0332] Stabilizer 30D-1: Ba—Zn-based metal soap

[0333] Stabilizer 30D-2: epoxidized soybean oil

[0334] Viscosity-lowering agent 30E-1: fatty-acid-ester-based surfactant

[0335] Each of the mixtures of Examples and Comparative Examples shown in Table 301 was mixed and defoamed under vacuum to produce a poly(vinyl chloride)-based sol composition. This poly(vinyl chloride)-based sol composition was applied with a bar coater to a fabric-backed flexible PVC (poly(vinyl chloride)) sheet as a base to thereby form a poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin layer on the base. Next, the sol composition applied was dried in a 205° C. oven for 5 minutes to solidify the poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin layer, thereby obtaining an interior decorative poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin sheet.

<Defoamability>

[0336] A 40-g portion of each of the poly(vinyl chloride)-based sol compositions obtained through mixing in the Examples and Comparative Examples shown in Table 301 was placed in a 1-L cup and defoamed under vacuum. In this operation, the foam height which was the maximum height of the elevated sol surface level and the foam breaking period which was the period required for the sol to come to generate no foam were measured, and the defoamability was evaluated in terms of the foam height and the foam breaking period. For the evaluation, Comparative Example 301 was used as a reference.

[0337] A: both the foam height and the foam breaking period are substantially the same as in Comparative Example 301.

[0338] B: the foam height is slightly larger and the foam breaking period is somewhat longer than in Comparative Example 301.

[0339] C: the foam height is far larger and the foam breaking period is longer than in Comparative Example 301.

<Applicability>

[0340] The poly(vinyl chloride)-based sol compositions produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples shown in Table 301 were each applied to a base with a bar coater, and the applicability thereof during this application was evaluated.

[0341] A: the sol composition can be applied without arousing any problem.

[0342] B: slight unevenness in application is seen but is not problematic in practical use.

[0343] C: the sol composition is difficult to apply with bar coater.

<Appearance>

[0344] The appearance of each of the interior decorative poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin sheets produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples shown in Table 301 was evaluated.

[0345] A: the appearance is satisfactory.

[0346] B: slight unevenness in application is seen but is not problematic in practical use.

[0347] C: there are considerable unevenness in application and many residual cells, resulting in poor appearance.

<Antiviral Property>

[0348] A virus-containing test liquid was prepared in the same manner as in [First Aspect], and the virus titer was calculated. The antiviral properties were evaluated in accordance with the following.

[0349] A: the difference between the virus titer (before test) and the virus titer (after 1 hour) is 4 or larger

[0350] B: the difference between the virus titer (before test) and the virus titer (after 1 hour) is 2 or larger but less than 4

[0351] C: the difference between the virus titer (before test) and the virus titer (after 1 hour) is less than 2

<Antifouling Property>

[0352] Six standard rubber blocks were introduced into a Snell capsule tester described in JIS K 3920 (2009), and each sheet was set therein so that the surface layer came into contact with the rubber blocks. This tester was subjected to 5 cycles of rotation, each cycle being composed of 5-minute normal rotation and 5-minute reverse rotation each at a rotation speed of 50 rpm. Thereafter, the sheet was taken out and the degree of adhesion of a heel mark was examined to evaluate the fouling. Furthermore, the fouled surface was wiped with a dry cloth, and the cleanability was evaluated in terms of the degree of the residual adhesion of the heel mark. The antifouling properties were evaluated in terms of both the fouling and the cleanability.

[0353] Fouling

[0354] A: substantially no adhesion (only slight adhesion is observed)

[0355] B: adhesion occurred

[0356] C: considerable adhesion occurred

[0357] Cleanability

[0358] A: fouling substances are removable (after cleaning, the fouling is not noticeable)

[0359] B: fouling substances are partly difficult to remove (after cleaning, noticeable fouling remains)

[0360] C: fouling substances are mostly difficult to remove

<Blushing>

[0361] Each of the interior decorative poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin sheets having a size of 10 cm×10 cm and produced in the Examples and Comparative Examples shown in Table 301 was placed on a petri dish. A sponge having a size of 3 cm×3 cm×3 cm and impregnated with distilled water was placed on the surface of the interior decorative poly(vinyl chloride)-based sheet. This petri dish was lidded and allowed to stand still in an environment of 20° C. and 65% RH for 24 hours. Thereafter, the sponge and the water were removed, and the interior decorative sheet was allowed to stand still for 24 hours and then examined for ΔE* using “SM Color Computer”, manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. The larger the value of AE* is, the severer the blushing is.

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 301 Example Unit 301 302 303 304 305 306 Recipe Poly(vinyl 30A-1 parts 5 20 65 30 chloride) 30A-2 parts 100 30A-3 parts 100 30a-1 parts 95 80 35 70 Sulfonic- 30B-1 parts acid-based surfactant Plasticizer 30C-1 parts 36 30 20 12 65 80 Stabilizer 30D-1 parts 3 3 3 3 3 3 30D-2 parts 3 3 3 3 3 3 Viscosity- 30E-1 parts 7 10 15 20 5 3 lowering agent Compo- Poly(vinyl chloride)- parts 100 100 100 100 100 100 sition based resin for paste Sulfonic-acid-based parts 0.5 2.0 1.0 5.3 7.0 3.1 surfactant Plasticizer parts 36 31 20 13 70 82 Test Defoamability A A A B B A results Applicability A A A B A A Appearance A A A B B B Antiviral property B A A A A A Antifouling Fouling A A A A B B property Cleanability A A A A B B ΔE* (blushing) 1.6 3 1.7 5.5 3.5 Comparative Example Unit 301 302 303 304 305 Recipe Poly(vinyl 30A-1 parts 100 20 chloride) 30A-2 parts 30A-3 parts 100 30a-1 parts 100 80 100 Sulfonic- 30B-1 parts 2 acid-based surfactant Plasticizer 30C-1 parts 36 32 8 120 36 Stabilizer 30D-1 parts 3 3 3 3 3 30D-2 parts 3 3 3 3 3 Viscosity- 30E-1 parts 7 10 20 5 7 lowering agent Compo- Poly(vinyl chloride)- parts 100 100 100 100 100 sition based resin for paste Sulfonic-acid-based parts 0.0 11.1 5.3 2.0 1.8 surfactant Plasticizer parts 36 36 8 122 36 Test Defoamability A C B B A results Applicability A B C B C Appearance A C C C C Antiviral property C A A A B Antifouling Fouling A C A C A property Cleanability A C A C B ΔE* (blushing) 1.2 5.6 3

[0362] It can be seen from a comparison between Examples 301 to 305 and Comparative Example 301 that the inclusion of a sulfonic-acid-based surfactant has imparted antiviral properties.

[0363] From a comparison between Example 302 and Comparative Example 302, it can be seen that excellent properties in terms of defoamability, appearance, and antifouling property are obtained by regulating the content of the sulfonic-acid-based surfactant so as to be within the range according to the invention.

[0364] A comparison between Examples 304 to 306 and Comparative Examples 303 and 304 shows that excellent paste applicability and an excellent appearance are obtained by regulating the addition amount of the plasticizer so as to be within the range according to the invention.

[0365] It can be seen from a comparison between Example 303 and Comparative Example 305 that excellent properties in terms of applicability, appearance, and antiviral property are obtained by using a poly(vinyl chloride)-based resin for paste into which a sulfonic-acid-based surfactant has been incorporated beforehand.

[0366] Furthermore, it can be seen that the lower the content of the sulfonic-acid-based surfactant, the less the blushing.

[Fourth Aspect]

[0367] The compounding agents used in the Examples and the Comparative Examples are the following substances.

[0368] Vinyl-chloride-based resin 40A-1: suspension vinyl-chloride-based resin; average degree of polymerization, 1,000

[0369] Vinyl-chloride-based resin 40A-2: suspension vinyl-chloride-based resin; average degree of polymerization, 1,300

[0370] Vinyl-chloride-based resin 40A-3: vinyl-chloride-based resin for paste; average degree of polymerization, 850 (content of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 3.0 wt %)

[0371] Vinyl-chloride-based resin 40A-4: vinyl-chloride-based resin for paste; average degree of polymerization, 850 (content of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 5.0 wt %)

[0372] Vinyl-chloride-based resin 40A-5: vinyl-chloride-based resin for paste; average degree of polymerization, 850 (content of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 7.5 wt %)

[0373] Sulfonic-acid-based surfactant 40B-1: sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate; purity, 90%

[0374] Plasticizer 40C-1: di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate

[0375] Silicone-based copolymer 40D-1: silicone/acrylic graft copolymer (acrylic resin chains have been disposed as side chains of silicone) silicone content, 70%

[0376] Silicone-based copolymer 40D-2: graft copolymer based on silicone/acrylic composite rubber

[0377] Filler 40E-1: lightweight calcium carbonate (treated with fatty acid); specific-surface-area diameter, 1.5 p.m (calculated from BET specific surface area)

[0378] Processing aid 40E-1: acrylic polymeric processing aid

[0379] Stabilizer 40G-1: Ba—Zn-based metal soap

[0380] Coloring inhibitor 40H-1: sodium perchlorate

[0381] Each of the mixtures of Examples and Comparative Examples shown in Tables 401 to 404 was kneaded for 5 minutes with a batch mixer set at 150° C. Thereafter, the kneaded mixture was formed into a sheet having a thickness of 0.35 mm by means of a two-roll mill set at 180° C. and subsequently laminated to a back layer constituted of a flexible vinyl-chloride-based sheet having a thickness of 1.7 mm, thereby producing an interior decorative sheet. The interior decorative sheets were each evaluated for antiviral property, antifouling property, and processability. Furthermore, the yellowness of the surface layer was measured.

[0382] In each of the Examples shown in Table 405, the mixture of Example 405 was kneaded for 5 minutes with a batch mixer set at 150° C., thereafter formed into a sheet having a thickness of 0.35 mm by means of a two-roll mill set at 180° C., and then laminated to a back layer constituted of a flexible vinyl-chloride-based sheet having a thickness of 1.7 mm, thereby producing an interior decorative sheet. Finally, the interior decorative sheet was embossed with a press forming machine to form fine recesses and protrusions in the surface. The surface roughness of the surface layer in which the fine recesses and protrusions had been formed was determined by the method described above. These interior decorative sheets were evaluated for antiviral property and antifouling property.

<Antiviral Property>

[0383] A virus-containing test liquid was prepared in the same manner as in [First Aspect], and the virus titer was calculated. The antiviral properties were evaluated in accordance with the following.

[0384] A: the difference between the virus titer (before test) and the virus titer (after 1 hour) is 4 or larger

[0385] B: the difference between the virus titer (before test) and the virus titer (after 1 hour) is 3 or larger but less than 4

[0386] C: the difference between the virus titer (before test) and the virus titer (after 1 hour) is 2 or larger but less than 3

[0387] D: the difference between the virus titer (before test) and the virus titer (after 1 hour) is less than 2

<Antifouling Property>

[0388] Six standard rubber blocks were introduced into a Snell capsule tester described in JIS K 3920 (2009), and each sheet was set therein so that the surface layer came into contact with the rubber blocks. This tester was subjected to 5 cycles of rotation, each cycle being composed of 5-minute normal rotation and 5-minute reverse rotation each at a rotation speed of 50 rpm. Thereafter, the sheet was taken out and the degree of adhesion of a heel mark was examined to evaluate the fouling. Furthermore, the fouled surface was wiped with a dry cloth, and the cleanability was evaluated in terms of the degree of the residual adhesion of the heel mark. The antifouling properties were evaluated in terms of both the fouling and the cleanability.

[0389] Fouling

[0390] A: substantially no adhesion (only slight adhesion is observed)

[0391] B: adhesion occurred

[0392] C: considerable adhesion occurred

[0393] Cleanability

[0394] A: fouling substances are removable (after cleaning, the fouling is not noticeable)

[0395] B: fouling substances are partly difficult to remove (after cleaning, noticeable fouling remains)

[0396] C: fouling substances are mostly difficult to remove

<Processability>

[0397] Each composition was evaluated for roll processability during the sheet formation therefrom with the two-roll mill at 180° C.

[0398] A: satisfactory

[0399] B: processable without arousing problem

[0400] C: processable although the processability is slightly poor

[0401] D: unable to be processed

<Yellowness>

[0402] The yellowness was determined using “SM Color Computer”, manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd., in accordance with JIS K 7373 (2006).

<Surface Roughness of Surface Layer>

[0403] The surface roughness of the surface layer was determined using “Surface Roughness/Shape Analyzer” manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd., in accordance with JIS B 0601 (2001).

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 401 Example Unit 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 Recipe Vinyl- 40A-1 parts 100 100 100 100 100 66 34 chloride- 40A-2 parts based resin 40A-3 parts 34 66 100 40A-4 parts 40A-5 parts Sulfonic- 40B-1 parts 2.3 3.5 3.5 3.5 5.9 acid-based surfactant Plasticizer 40C-1 parts 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 Silicone-based 40D-1 parts 3 5 10 10 10 10 10 copolymer 40D-2 parts 10 Filler 40E-1 parts 10 30 Processing aid 40F-1 parts 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Stabilizer 40G-1 parts 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Coloring 40H-1 parts inhibitor Compo- Suspension poly(vinyl parts 100 100 100 100 100 67 35 0 sition chloride)-based resin Poly(vinyl chloride)- parts 0 0 0 0 0 33 65 100 based resin for paste Content of sulfonic- parts 2.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 5.3 1.0 2.0 3.1 acid-based surfactant Content of plasticizer parts 32 32 32 32 32 32 33 33 Content of silicone- parts 3 5 10 10 10 10 10 10 based copolymer Test Antiviral property C B B B A C B A results Antifouling Fouling B B A B B A A A property Cleanability A A A A B A A A Processability B C C B C B C C Yellowness 10 27 27 27 54 3 4 10

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 402 Example Unit 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 Recipe Vinyl- 40A-1 parts 80 60 40 60 60 60 60 60 chloride- 40A-2 parts based resin 40A-3 parts 40A-4 parts 20 40 60 40 40 40 40 40 40A-5 parts Sulfonic- 40B-1 parts acid-based surfactant Plasticizer 40C-1 parts 32 32 32 32 32 14 40 32 Silicone-based 40D-1 parts 5 5 5 5 10 5 5 10 copolymer 40D-2 parts Filler 40E-1 parts 10 Processing aid 40F-1 parts 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 Stabilizer 40G-1 parts 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Coloring 40H-1 parts inhibitor Compo- Suspension poly(vinyl parts 81 61 41 61 61 61 61 61 sition chloride)-based resin Poly(vinyl chloride)- parts 19 39 59 39 39 39 39 39 based resin for paste Content of sulfonic- parts 1.0 2.0 3.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 acid-based surfactant Content of plasticizer parts 32 33 33 33 33 14 41 33 Content of silicone- parts 5 5 5 5 10 5 5 10 based copolymer Test Antiviral property C B A B B C B B results Antifouling Fouling A A B A A A B A property Cleanability A A A A A A B A Processability A A C C C C A A Yellowness 3 4 6 4 5 9 3 4

TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 403 Example Unit 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 Recipe Vinyl- 40A-1 parts 73 60 73 50 chloride- 40A-2 parts 50 50 50 based resin 40A-3 parts 40A-4 parts 50 50 50 50 40A-5 parts 27 40 27 100 Sulfonic- 40B-1 parts acid-based surfactant Plasticizer 40C-1 parts 29 29 40 30 32 32 32 32 Silicone-based 40D-1 parts 5 5 10 20 10 10 10 10 copolymer 40D-2 parts Filler 40E-1 parts 30 5 10 10 20 20 Processing aid 40F-1 parts 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Stabilizer 40G-1 parts 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Coloring 40H-1 parts 0.2 inhibitor Compo- Suspension poly(vinyl parts 75 62 75 0 51 51 51 51 sition chloride)-based resin Poly(vinyl chloride)- parts 25 38 25 100 49 49 49 49 based resin for paste Content of sulfonic- parts 2.1 3.1 2.1 8.1 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 acid-based surfactant Content of plasticizer parts 30 30 41 32 33 33 33 33 Content of silicone- parts 5 5 10 22 10 10 10 10 based copolymer Test Antiviral property B A A A A A A A results Antifouling Fouling A B B B A A A B property Cleanability A A B A B A A B Processability B B B C C C B B Yellowness 5 7 6 13 6 6 5 4

TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 404 Comparative Example Unit 401 402 403 404 405 406 Recipe Vinyl- 40A-1 parts 100 60 60 60 60 100 chloride- 40A-2 parts based resin 40A-3 parts 40 40 40 40 40A-4 parts 40A-5 parts Sulfonic- 40B-1 parts 12 acid-based surfactant Plasticizer 40C-1 parts 32 4 54 54 34 40 Silicone-based 40D-1 parts 3 10 20 5 5 copolymer 40D-2 parts Filler 40E-1 parts 100 Processing aid 40F-1 parts 3 4 5 5 3 Stabilizer 40G-1 parts 3 3 3 3 3 3 Coloring 40H-1 parts inhibitor Compo- Suspension poly(vinyl parts 100 61 61 61 61 100 sition chloride)-based resin Poly(vinyl chloride)- parts 0 39 39 39 39 0 based resin for paste Content of sulfonic- parts 0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 10.8 acid-based surfactant Content of plasticizer parts 32 4 55 55 34 40 Content of silicone- parts 3 10 0 20 5 5 based copolymer Test Antiviral property D — B B B — results Antifouling Fouling B — C B C — property Cleanability A — C C C — Processability B D C C C D Yellowness 2 5 4 4

TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 405 Example 425 426 427 428 Shape of grain flat sharp broad broad Arithmetic average roughness 0.3 1.5 5.5 12.5 of surface layer Ra (μm) Antiviral property B B A A Antifouling Fouling A B B A property Cleanability A B B A

[0404] As apparent from Tables 401 to 404, it can be seen that the addition of a sulfonic-acid-based surfactant has imparted antiviral properties and the addition of a silicone-based copolymer has improved the antifouling properties. Furthermore, from a comparison between Example 421 and Example 422, it can be seen that Example 422, in which the suspension vinyl-chloride-based resin has a higher degree of polymerization, is more effective in diminishing the decrease in antifouling property due to the increase in the content of the sulfonic-acid-based surfactant. A comparison between Example 402 and Example 411 shows that the sheet produced using a vinyl-chloride-based resin for paste which contained a sulfonic-acid-based surfactant not only has a lower yellowness, i.e., has undergone less coloring, but also exhibits higher antiviral properties. A comparison between Example 413 and Example 416 shows that the addition of a filler has enhanced processability.

[0405] Table 405 shows that an improvement in antiviral property was attained by changing the shape of the surface.

[Fifth Aspect]

[0406] The following materials were used in the Examples and the Comparative Examples.

[0407] Vinyl chloride resin .alpha. for paste (containing 5.0 wt % DBS)

[0408] Vinyl chloride resin .beta. for paste (containing 2.5 wt % DBS)

[0409] Vinyl chloride resin .gamma. for paste (containing 1.0 wt % DBS)

[0410] Vinyl chloride resin .delta. for paste (containing 10 wt % DBS)

[0411] DOP (plasticizer)

[0412] Ba—Zn-based stabilizer

[0413] ADCA (foaming agent)

[0414] Calcium carbonate (filler)

[0415] DBS (undiluted powder form)

[0416] In Example 501, vinyl chloride resin a for paste, into which 5.0% by weight sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) had been incorporated beforehand as a sulfonic-acid-based surfactant, was mixed with vinyl chloride resin .gamma. for paste, into which 1.0% by weight DBS had been incorporated beforehand, a plasticizer (DOP), a stabilizer, a foaming agent (ADCA), a filler (calcium carbonate), a diluent, and a pigment in the respective amounts shown in Table 501, thereby producing a paste sol. This paste sol was applied to backing paper as a base layer with a paste coater to thereby form a resin layer on the base layer. Thus, a wallpaper base was obtained. Thereafter, this wallpaper base was subjected to mechanical embossing while being foamed at 210° C. Thus, a specimen was obtained.

[0417] Details of Examples 502 to 509 and Comparative Examples 501 and 502 are as shown in Table 501. These specimens were produced in accordance with the method used in Example 501. In Examples 505 and 506, a topcoat layer was formed with a gravure printing machine after gelation, and this sheet was subjected to drying at 120° C. and then to mechanical embossing.

[Evaluation of Wallpaper Appearance]

[0418] The appearance of each wallpaper obtained was visually evaluated.

[0419] A: the surface has no surface defects and retains beautiful appearance.

[0420] B: there is surface ruggedness, although it is on a permissible level.

[0421] C: there are noticeable surface defects, e.g., streaks.

[Evaluation of Antiviral Property]

[0422] A virus-containing test liquid was prepared in the same manner as in [First Aspect], and the virus titer was calculated.

[0423] The difference between “virus titer (after 1 hour)” and “virus titer (before test)” indicates the degree of antiviral properties. The larger the difference, the higher the antiviral properties.

[Evaluation of Surface Strength]

[0424] The surface strength was evaluated through a test according to a regulation for the performance of surface-reinforced wallpapers (prescribed in the year 2004; revised in the year 2009; edition 3-2) prescribed by Japan Wallcoverings Association. Three test pieces having a size of 30 mm×250 mm were cut out of each specimen and used. As the main body of a testing device was used a rubbing tester type II provided for in JIS L0849. As a rubber was used a claw and holder prescribed for in the regulation for the performance of surface-reinforced wallpapers. The load on the rubber was 1.96 N, and the material of the claw used was SUS402-J2. The tip of the claw had dimensions of 4.0 mm (width)×2.0 mm (thickness), and the edges of the tip had R dimensions of 0.10 mm for the start side and 0.15 mm for the return side. Each test piece was fixed to the test piece table of the tester so that the test piece was parallel with the reciprocating direction of the rubber. The rubber was placed on the test piece and reciprocated five times over a traveling distance of 120 mm at a frequency of 30 reciprocations per minute. Thereafter, the test piece was detached from the test piece table and visually examined for the degree of surface scratches. The results were compared with the following criteria. Specimens in the fourth or higher grade are deemed to have surface strength.

[0425] Fifth grade: at a glance, especially no change is observed.

[0426] Fourth grade: surface scratches are slightly observed, but no relatively large break or the like was observed in the surface layer.

[0427] Third grade: a break in the surface layer is clearly observed.

[0428] Second grade: a break in the surface occurred and the backing material, e.g., paper, is clearly seen therethrough (length, less than 1 cm).

[0429] First grade: a break in the surface occurred and the backing material, e.g., paper, is clearly seen therethrough (length, 1 cm or larger).

TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 501 Comparative Example Example 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 501 502 Vinyl chloride α for paste 5 25 25 25 50 25 100 (DBS, 5.0 wt %) Vinyl chloride β for paste 100 (DBS, 2.5 wt %) Vinyl chloride γ for paste 95 75 75 75 50 75 100 100 (DBS, 1.0 wt %) Vinyl chloride δ for paste 100 (DBS, 10 wt %) DOP (plasticizer) 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 Ba—Zn-based stabilizer 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 ADCA (foaming agent) 2.5 2.5 2.5 5 2.5 2.5 0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Calcium carbonate (filler) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Diluent 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Pigment 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 DBS (undiluted) 1.5 Topcoat — — — — present present — — — — — Content of DBS based on 1.2 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 5.0 10.0 1.0 2.5 vinyl chloride resin. wt % Wallpaper appearance A A A B A A A A A A C Index to before 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 antiviral virus test property after 1-hour 2.3 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 1.8 <0.8 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 3.8 <0.5 (virus titer: contact log.sub.10EID.sub.50/0.1 mL) with virus Surface strength third third third first fourth fourth third third third third first grade grade grade grade grade grade grade grade grade grade grade

[0430] [Evaluation Results]

[0431] Examples 501 to 506 reduced the virus titer form the value for “before contact with virus” to the value for “after 1-hour contact with virus” by at least 4.0 (i.e., to about 10.sup.−40=1/10,000). These Examples have high antiviral properties while retaining a beautiful appearance.

[0432] Furthermore, Examples 505 and 506 showed that the disposition of a topcoat layer has enhanced the surface strength to the fourth or higher grade.

[0433] In contrast, Comparative Example 501 gave test results in which the virus titer had decreased from the value for “before contact with virus” to the value for “after 1-hour contact with virus” by as small as 2.5 (i.e., to 10.sup.−2.5=about 1/310) since the content of the sulfonic-acid-based surfactant was as low as 1.0% by weight based on the vinyl chloride resin. Namely, Comparative Example 501 had lower antiviral properties than the Examples. Furthermore, in Comparative Example 2, in which an undiluted powder of DBS had been added as a sulfonic-acid-based surfactant during paste production, had a poor wallpaper appearance although having improved antiviral properties.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0434] According to the first aspect of the invention, since the antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin sheet has high antiviral properties, the antiviral sheet can be used as sheets for interior decorative materials, including wallpapers, flooring materials, ceiling materials, and curtains, for dwelling houses, facilities, or the like, such as hospitals, care homes, protective institutions, schools, kindergartens, community centers, gymnasiums, railway stations, dwelling houses, and apartment buildings. The antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin sheet can be used also as sheets for furniture including chairs, sofas, and the like. Furthermore, the antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin sheet can be processed into the shapes of, for example, protective clothing, protective wears, protective aprons, hats or caps, gloves, fool covers, or raincoats by subjecting the sheet to secondary processing such as cutting, thermal fusion, or solvent melt bonding.

[0435] Moreover, in preparation for the occurrence of a pandemic, the antiviral vinyl-chloride-based resin sheet can be used not only as protective clothing or protective wears for storing but also as interior decorative sheets for, for example, tents for fever outpatient services, infectious diseases, or droplet infection.

[0436] According to the second aspect of the invention, it is possible to provide an interior decorative sheet which has an excellent appearance and which rapidly reduces the virus titer that have come into contact therewith and inactivates the viruses.

[0437] According to the third aspect of the invention, it is possible to provide an interior decorative sheet which retains antiviral properties and has an advantage in that fouling substances are less apt to adhere thereto and the fouling substances, if having adhered thereto, can be removed by simple cleaning. This interior decorative sheet can hence retain a beautiful appearance over a long period without requiring periodic maintenance, e.g., an antifouling treatment.

[0438] According to the fourth aspect of the invention, it is possible to provide an interior decorative sheet which has an excellent appearance and which rapidly reduces the virus titer of and inactivates viruses that have come into contact therewith.

[0439] This interior decorative sheet of the invention is hence suitable for various buildings, vehicles, etc. In particular, the interior decorative sheet is suitable for places where a large number of people gather at a time and the risk of catching a viral infection is high, such as public facilities, e.g., hospitals, offices, health centers for the elderly, and schools, and buses and trains.

[0440] According to the fifth aspect of the invention, it is possible to provide an antiviral wallpaper which has an excellent appearance and which rapidly reduces the virus titer of and inactivates viruses that have come into contact therewith.

[0441] While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.

[0442] This application is based on a Japanese patent application filed on Jul. 12, 2013 (Application No. 2013-147100), a Japanese patent application filed on Jul. 12, 2013 (Application No. 2013-147101), a Japanese patent application filed on Jul. 12, 2013 (Application No. 2013-147102), a Japanese patent application filed on Oct. 18, 2013 (Application No. 2013-217171), and a Japanese patent application filed on Oct. 18, 2013 (Application No. 2013-217421), the contents thereof being incorporated herein by reference.