Injection device with dose indicator mechanism

Abstract

An injection device comprises a housing (12) having a longitudinal axis. The injection device further comprises a dose selector (16) capable of setting a dose to be ejected from the injection device and a dose indicator comprising a units wheel (18) operatively connectable to the dose selector so that rotation of the dose selector about the longitudinal axis also rotates the units wheel, and a tens wheel (19) selectively engageable with the units wheel so that rotation of the units wheel also rotates the tens wheel. A biasing means biases the dose indicator axially-rearwardly in the housing. An internal surface of the housing is provided with a tens housing feature selectively engageable with the tens wheel to prevent rotation thereof. An internal surface of the housing is provided with a units housing feature capable of moving the units wheel axially-forward against said biasing means such that the units wheel engages and moves the tens wheel axially-forward and free of said tens housing feature so as to allow rotation thereof.

Claims

1. An injection device comprising: a. a housing having a longitudinal axis; b. a dose selector capable of setting a dose to be ejected from the injection device; c. a dose indicator comprising a units wheel operatively connectable to the dose selector so that rotation of the dose selector about the longitudinal axis also rotates the units wheel, and a tens wheel selectively engageable with the units wheel so that rotation of the units wheel also rotates the tens wheel; and d. a biasing means for biasing the dose indicator axially-rearwardly in the housing, wherein an internal surface of the housing is provided with a tens housing feature comprising one or more formations selectively engageable with corresponding features on the tens wheel to prevent rotation thereof, and wherein the internal surface of the housing is provided with a units housing feature capable of moving the units wheel axially-forward against said biasing means such that the units wheel engages and moves the tens wheel axially-forward and free of said tens housing feature so as to allow rotation thereof.

2. The injection device of claim 1 wherein the biasing means is a spring.

3. The injection device of claim 1 wherein the units housing feature comprises a cam surface.

4. The injection device of claim 3 wherein the units wheel comprises an axially-rearwardly-extending formation for engaging said cam surface on the housing.

5. The injection device of claim 1 wherein said units wheel is selectively engageable with said tens wheel by means of one or more teeth on the units wheel engageable with corresponding teeth on said tens wheel.

6. The injection device of claim 5 wherein said formations and/or teeth are regularly spaced.

7. The injection device of claim 5 wherein said formations and/or teeth on the tens wheel are located at a rear end of said tens wheel.

8. The injection device of claim 5 wherein said tens wheel teeth for engaging the units wheel are located radially inwardly of the tens wheel formations for engaging the tens housing feature.

9. The injection device of claim 1 wherein the dose indicator is arranged concentrically about said longitudinal axis.

10. The injection device of claim 1 further comprising a medicament container.

11. The injection device of claim 10 wherein the medicament container comprises a pre-filled syringe or cartridge.

12. The injection device of claim 10 further comprising a medicament contained in the medicament container.

13. The injection device of claim 12 wherein the medicament is selected from the group comprising: antipsychotic substances including risperidone, hormones, antitoxins, substances for the control of pain, immunosuppressives, substances for the control of thrombosis, substances for the control or elimination of infection, peptides, proteins, human insulin or a human insulin analogue or derivative, polysaccharide, DNA, RNA, enzymes, antibodies, oligonucleotide, antiallergics, antihistamines, anti-inflammatories, corticosteroids, disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, erythropoietin, or vaccines, for use in the treatment or prevention of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, ulcerative colitis, hormone deficiency, toxicity, pain, thrombosis, infection, diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, acute coronary syndrome, angina, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, cancer, macular degeneration, allergy, hay fever, inflammation, anaemia, or myelodysplasia, or in the expression of protective immunity.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Embodiments of the invention are further described hereinafter, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 shows an injection device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

(3) FIG. 2 is an exploded view of selected components of the injection device of FIG. 1 along the longitudinal axis L;

(4) FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of selected components of the injection device of FIG. 1;

(5) FIG. 4 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the injection device;

(6) FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the injection device of FIG. 4;

(7) FIG. 5A is a perspective view showing further detail of the dose limit nut;

(8) FIG. 5B is a perspective view showing further detail of part of the plunger rack;

(9) FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the injection device of FIG. 4;

(10) FIGS. 7 and 7A-7C illustrate incrementing the dose;

(11) FIGS. 8, 8A and 8B illustrate decrementing the dose;

(12) FIGS. 9, and 9A-9D illustrate maximum/minimum dose limiting;

(13) FIGS. 10 and 10A illustrate over-torque protection;

(14) FIGS. 11,11A-110, 12 and 12A-12B illustrate dose delivery;

(15) FIGS. 13, 13A and 13B illustrate a haptic feedback feature;

(16) FIGS. 14 and 14A-14E illustrate last dose protection;

(17) FIG. 15 is a diagrammatic summary of the key engagement points of the components of the injection device of FIG. 4, at four stages of dose delivery;

(18) FIG. 16 summarises schematically the mechanical motion of the drive shaft 140, dose limit nut 141, worm gear 142 and plunger rack 145 during dose setting (incrementing the dose);

(19) FIG. 17 summarises schematically the mechanical motion of the drive shaft 140, dose limit nut 141, worm gear 142 and plunger rack 145 during dose delivery;

(20) FIGS. 18, 18A and 18B show how the units wheel is incremented; and

(21) FIGS. 19, 19A and 19B show how the tens wheel is incremented.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(22) In the present disclosure, the following terms may be understood in view of the below explanations:

(23) The term “injection device” may refer to a device intended for the injection of a medicament to the body and includes devices configured for various delivery methods, such as intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraosseous, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, epidural, intracardiac, intraarticular, intracavernous, and intravitreal, which may include via a cannula, catheter or similar device. Injection device includes syringes of all types, devices that contain said syringes such as auto-injectors, pen-injectors, patch injectors and other similar devices.

(24) The term “pen-injector” may include any device configured to deliver a dose of a medicament from a cartridge.

(25) The term “user” may refer to a medical practitioner, end user or other user associated therewith.

(26) The term “coupling” may refer to a connection between components (not necessarily a direct connection; there may be intermediate components therebetween) that enables a force to be transmitted between the components.

(27) The term “a rotational coupling” may refer to a coupling which enables a rotational force to be transmitted between the components.

(28) The term “operatively connectable” may refer to at least two individual components which are releasably connectable together in such a way that the individual components can work together, for example wherein rotation of one of the individual components effects rotation of all of the operatively connected components.

(29) The term “dose selector” may refer to a component or components which, when actuated by a user, enable a dose of medicament to be selected.

(30) The term “dose indicator” may refer to a component or components which provide a display or indication to the user of the selected dose of medicament.

(31) The term “splines” may refer to one or more ridges, ribs or other protrusions on one component which engage in corresponding grooves or the like on a second component to connect the two components together.

(32) The term “a splined connection” may refer to a connection effected by one or more splines.

(33) The term “forward” or “forwards” may refer to a direction towards the end of the injection device from which medicament is expelled.

(34) The term “backward”, “backwards”, “rearward” or “rearwardly” may refer to a direction away from the end of the injection device from which medicament is expelled.

(35) The term “drive assembly” may refer to an assembly of components capable of using a driving force from, for example, a spring, to eject medicament from an injection device.

(36) The term “backlash” may refer to a clearance caused by a gap between mechanical components.

(37) The term “medicament” may include a substance in liquid or gas form. The medicament may be selected from the group comprising of: antipsychotic substances including risperidone, hormones, antitoxins, substances for the control of pain, immunosuppressives, substances for the control of thrombosis, substances for the control or elimination of infection, peptides, proteins, human insulin or a human insulin analogue or derivative, polysaccharide, DNA, RNA, enzymes, antibodies, oligonucleotide, antiallergics, antihistamines, anti-inflammatories, corticosteroids, disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, erythropoietin, or vaccines, for use in the treatment or prevention of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, ulcerative colitis, hormone deficiency, toxicity, pain, thrombosis, infection, diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, acute coronary syndrome, angina, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, cancer, macular degeneration, allergy, hay fever, inflammation, anaemia, or myelodysplasia, or in the expression of protective immunity.

(38) When referring to the injection device, the term “containing the medicament” may refer to the medicament being contained within a suitable medicament container, such as a pre-filled syringe or cartridge, within the injection device.

(39) The term “a force path” may refer to a path between two or more coupled components via which a force can be transmitted between the components. A force path may be “interrupted” if there is a gap between the two or more components, i.e. if they are no longer coupled. Transmission of force between coupled components may be “held back” for example by a ratchet arrangement, but in such a case the force path is not “interrupted”.

(40) The term “a clutch” may refer to a component or feature suitable for operatively connecting two component parts either by a positive fit e.g. with teeth, splines, grooves or the like suitable for engaging and disengaging each other, or by a non-positive (e.g. frictional) connection or a combination thereof. Disengaging the clutch may interrupt a force path between two or more coupled components.

(41) Description of a First Example Embodiment

(42) An injection device 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1. The injection device 10 is configured to deliver a dose of medicament and extends along a longitudinal axis L between a front end 10a and a rear end 10b of the injection device 10. The injection device 10 has a housing 12 and a needle 14 projecting from the housing 12 at the front end 10a. A dose selector 16 is provided at the rear end 10b and is arranged to permit the selection of a desired dose of medicament for delivery through the needle 14 into an injection site. The housing 12 includes an aperture 12a through which a dose indicator is visible.

(43) The dose indicator is disposed within the housing 12 and displays reference indicia, such as numbers or symbols, to indicate the level of dose selected by the dose selector 16. The dose indicator may be an odometer which may include a plurality of parts for indicating individual orders of magnitude of the selected dose. For example, the odometer may comprise a units wheel 18 for displaying units and a tens wheel 19 for displaying tens. The units wheel may be selectively engageable with the tens wheel to increment the tens wheel each time the units wheel moves through units 0 to 9.

(44) In the preferable but non-limiting embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the aperture 12a is provided towards the rear end 10b of the injection device 10 so that the dose indicator remains visible when the injection device 10 is handled by a user. The aperture 12a (and underlying dose indicator) may be provided elsewhere on the injection device 10 in alternative embodiments. Similarly, the dose selector 16 is shown in FIG. 1 disposed at the rear end 10b of the injection device 10 and this may be advantageous insofar as being clear of the region of the housing 12 that is likely to be gripped by a user during use of the injection device 10. In other embodiments, the dose selector 16 may be provided elsewhere.

(45) FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of the dose indicator comprising a units wheel 18 and tens wheel 19 arranged along the longitudinal axis L. A biasing means in the form of a dose indicator spring 17 is provided for biasing the dose indicator axially-rearwardly in the housing 12 (not shown in FIG. 2). The units wheel 18 and tens wheel 19 are rotatable about the longitudinal axis L and are selectively engageable together by means of teeth 18a, 19a respectively. Engagement between the first plurality of teeth 18a and second plurality of teeth 19a forms a rotational coupling to operatively connect the units wheel 18 to the tens wheel 19 such that torque may be transferred therebetween.

(46) FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of selected components of the injection device 10 arranged around the longitudinal axis L. The dose selector 16 is operatively connected to the units wheel 18 such that rotation of the dose selector 16 about the longitudinal axis L also rotates the units wheel 18.

(47) The tens wheel 19 is selectively engageable with the units wheel 18 via teeth 18a, 19a, as described above. When the units wheel 18 and tens wheel 19 are engaged, rotation of the units wheel 18 also rotates the tens wheel 19.

(48) An internal surface of the housing 12 is provided with a units housing feature 7 wherein, when the units wheel 18 is rotated into contact with the units housing feature 7, the units housing feature 7 causes (for example by the action of a cam surface) forward axial movement of the units wheel 18, in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 3.

(49) An internal surface of the housing 12 is provided with a tens housing feature 8 which is normally engaged with the tens wheel 19 to prevent rotation thereof. When the units wheel 18 moves axially forwards as indicated in FIG. 3, it engages with the tens wheel 19 via the teeth 18a, 19a. Continued forward axial movement of the units wheel 18 causes corresponding forward axial movement of the tens wheel 19, as indicated by the arrow in FIG. 3. Sufficient forward axial movement of the tens wheel 19 causes the tens wheel 19 to disengage from the tens housing feature 8. Once free of the tens housing feature 8, the tens wheel 19 is free to rotate in order to increment the tens indicated by the dose indicator.

(50) When the units wheel 18 has been rotated past the units housing feature 7, the units wheel 18 is no longer urged axially forward. Both the units wheel 18 and the tens wheel 19 return to their initial positions because of the bias of the dose indicator spring 17. Back in its initial position, the tens wheel 19 re-engages the tens housing feature 8 so that it is rotationally locked with respect to the housing 12.

(51) Description of Second Example Embodiment

(52) A further, non-limiting, embodiment of an injection device according to the present invention is illustrated in FIGS. 4-19B.

(53) Referring to FIGS. 4-6, the injection device 100 includes a housing 112, a dose selector 116, a dose button 130 and dose button spring 131, a units wheel 118, a tens wheel 119, a dose indicator spring 117, a drive shaft 140, a drive spring 120, a dose limit nut 141, a worm gear 142, a worm gear support 143 and a worm gear rotational lock 144, all located concentrically about a common longitudinal axis L. The axis L extends between a front end 100a and a rear end 100b of the injection device 100.

(54) The injection device 100 has a medicament cartridge 124 supported in a cartridge holder 125 at the front end 100a of the injection device 100. The cartridge 124 is sealed by an axially-moveable cartridge stopper 126 at its rear end. The cartridge and cartridge holder are located concentrically about a second longitudinal axis Lc, such that the cartridge is offset from the main housing 112, with L and Lc offset from one another as shown in FIG. 6.

(55) The dose button 130 is biased rearwardly by the dose button spring 131. The dose selector 116 is provided at the rear end 100b of the injection device 100 and is arranged to permit the selection of a desired dose of medicament for delivery from the medicament cartridge 124 into an injection site. The dose selector 116 is axially constrained with respect to the housing 112 but is rotatable with respect thereto, about axis L. The dose selector 116 is rotationally coupled to the drive shaft 140 via pawl features 115, visible in FIG. 7A, which engage splines 149 on the drive shaft 140. The housing 112 is provided with teeth 113 (visible in FIG. 7B) on an inside surface thereof for engaging ratchet arms 146 on the drive shaft 140. Tabs 114 on the dose selector 116 are capable of depressing the drive shaft ratchet arms 146 when required, as shown in FIG. 8B. The housing 112 is also provided with ramp features 111 (visible in FIG. 12A) which facilitate disengagement of the ratchet arms 146 from the inside surface of the housing 112 when required.

(56) A dose indicator is disposed within the housing 112 and displays reference indicia, such as numbers or symbols, to indicate the level of dose selected by the dose selector 116. The housing 112 includes an aperture 112a through which the dose indicator is visible. The dose indicator comprises the units wheel 118 for displaying units and the tens wheel 119 for displaying tens. The units wheel 118 is selectively engageable with the tens wheel to increment the tens wheel each time the units wheel moves through units 0 to 9. The units wheel 118 is rotationally coupled to the drive shaft 140.

(57) As with the first embodiment, described with reference to FIGS. 1-3, biasing means in the form of dose indicator spring 117 biases the units wheel 118 and tens wheel 119 axially rearwardly in the housing.

(58) The housing 112 has features on an inside surface thereof for engaging with the units wheel 118 and the tens wheel 119.

(59) An internal surface of the housing 112 is provided with a tens housing feature 108 selectively engageable with the tens wheel 119 to prevent rotation thereof. The tens housing feature comprises one or more axially forwardly extending formations 108 which may be equally spaced around the internal circumference of the housing 112. The formations 108 engage with corresponding axially rearwardly extending formations 119b at the rear of the tens wheel 119. The tens housing feature formations 108 and the tens wheel formations 119b may be teeth, notches, castellations or any other shaped formations that, when engaged together, prevent relative rotation between the tens wheel 119 and the housing 112.

(60) An internal surface of the housing 112 is provided with a units housing feature 107 capable of moving the units wheel axially-forward against said biasing means 117. The units housing feature is an axially forwardly extending formation 107 having a cam surface which can engage with an axially rearwardly extending formation 118b on the units wheel 118 in order to push the units wheel 118 axially forwards.

(61) Teeth 118a on the front end of the units wheel 118 are engageable with correspondingly shaped teeth 119a at the rear end of the tens wheel 119. On the tens wheel 119, the teeth 119a (for engaging the units wheel) and the tens wheel formations 119b (for engaging the housing) may be concentrically arranged around the longitudinal axis of the injection device, with the teeth 119a radially inward of the formations 119b.

(62) The drive spring 120 is a torsion spring which is fixed at one end with respect to the housing 112 and rotationally coupled at its other end to the drive shaft 140 via the units wheel 118.

(63) A worm gear arrangement is provided which comprises a worm gear 142 meshed with a toothed plunger rack 145 located within the housing 112. During dose delivery, the worm gear 142 drives the plunger rack 145 forward which, in turn, pushes against the cartridge stopper 126 to deliver a dose of medicament. A splined clutch 150 at the forward end of the drive shaft 140 enables the worm gear 142 and drive shaft 140 to be splined together during dose delivery but not during dose setting and this will be described in more detail later. In FIG. 6, the worm gear rotational lock 144 is engaged in the forward end of the worm gear 142, preventing rotation thereof. The worm gear rotational lock 144 is capable of being pushed axially forward by the drive shaft 140 in order to disengage the lock from the worm gear 142.

(64) The dose limit nut 141 is keyed to the drive shaft 140 so that they are rotationally coupled but not axially coupled. The dose limit nut 141 is engaged with the teeth of the plunger rack 145 and can travel axially forward and backward along the plunger rack 145 as the dose is incremented or decremented respectively. The axial range within which the dose limit nut 141 can travel along the plunger rack 145 is determined by dose limit nut endstop features 141a, 141b which can engage features 147, 148 on the plunger rack thread to serve as endstops for the travel of the dose limit nut 141. FIG. 5A shows the maximum dose limit nut endstop feature 141a and the minimum dose limit nut endstop feature 141b in more detail. Endstops 141a, 141b are able to engage features 147, 148 respectively on the plunger rack 145 (FIG. 5B). These features 147, 148 are preferably changes in the depth of or formations on the plunger rack thread, past which the dose limit nut 141 cannot travel. During dose delivery, the dose limit nut 141 rotates about axis L with the drive shaft 140 to which it is keyed, but it does not move axially with respect to the plunger rack 145 with which it is engaged, thus always keeping the dose limit nut 141 within the range defined by the max/min dose endstops 141a, 141b.

(65) The operation of the respective features of the injection device 100 will now be described in more detail below.

(66) Dose Setting—Incrementing the Dose

(67) With the injection device 100 in the configuration shown in FIG. 7, the user grips the dose selector 116 and rotates it clockwise about axis L, with respect to the housing 112, in order to increment the dose and charge the drive spring 120. As the dose selector 116 is turned clockwise, the pawl features 115 engaging the splines 149 on the drive shaft 140 cause the drive shaft 140 to also be driven clockwise, as shown in FIG. 7A.

(68) While the dose is being incremented, the ratchet arms 146 on the drive shaft 140 engage with the teeth 113 on the inside surface of the housing 112 to prevent un-winding by the drive spring 120, as shown in FIG. 7B.

(69) As shown in FIG. 7C, the drive shaft 140 is splined to the units wheel 118 which charges or torques up the drive spring 120. In other words, torque is transferred from the dose selector 116 to the drive spring 120 directly through the dose indicator, i.e. the units wheel 118.

(70) Dose Setting—Decrementing the Dose

(71) When it is desired to decrement the selected dose, the dose selector 116 is turned anti-clockwise. As shown in FIG. 8A, as the dose selector 116 is turned anti-clockwise, there is a small amount of backlash at point A such that the dose selector 116 can rotate slightly with respect to the drive shaft 140. This small relative movement is sufficient to allow the tabs 114 on the dose selector 116 to depress the drive shaft ratchet arms 146 so that they can click past the housing teeth 113, allowing the drive spring to unwind slightly before the ratchet arms 146 catch again on the next housing tooth 113. This is represented in FIG. 8B. Each decrement preferably equates to 11U (“international unit”) of medicament.

(72) Dose Setting—Maximum/Minimum Dose

(73) As the drive shaft 140 is rotated during dose setting, the dose limit nut 141, which is keyed to the drive shaft 140, is also rotated (FIG. 9A). The dose limit nut 141 travels forwards when incrementing the dose and rearwards when decrementing the dose (FIG. 9B). The dose limit nut 141 is engaged in the thread of the plunger rack 145. Endstop features 147, 148 are located on the plunger rack 145, past which the dose limit nut 141 cannot travel (FIG. 9C). These endstop features 147, 148 may be changes in the depth of the thread. As shown in FIG. 9D, when the dose limit nut 141 rotates into a position wherein the dose limit nut endstop feature 141a engages feature 147 on the plunger rack 145, further rotation of the dose limit nut 141 is prevented so that a dose of medicament greater than the desired maximum dose of medicament cannot be set. Limiting the travel of the dose limit nut 141 sets the maximum and minimum doses of medicament that can be set during dose setting, preferably 100 IU and 0 IU respectively.

(74) Dose Setting—Over Torque

(75) As shown in FIG. 10A, in the event the user applies too much force (over torque) to the dose selector 116 in either rotational direction, the dose selector pawl features 115 will flex radially outwardly to allow them to skip past splines 149 on the drive shaft 140. Preferably the interfacing surface areas of the pawl features 115 and/or splines 149 act as a cam lever, preferably having a matching angle and/or a defined static and dynamic surface friction at the interface surface. The over-torque for flexing out the dose pawl features 115 to skip past spline 149 is preferably at least 10% higher than the torque required for dialling up (incrementing) or dialling down (decrementing) the dose indicator 18, 118. The dialling up torque can be 30 to 80 Nmm, preferably less than 60 Nmm, more preferably 30 to 50 Nmm. The dialling down torque can be 20 to 60 Nmm, preferably less than 50 Nmm, more preferably 30 to 40 Nmm. The over-torque in the dialling up direction may be different to the over-torque in dialling down direction. The outward flexing force and/or strength of one flexible pawl arm 115 could be lower compared to a second flexible pawl arm.

(76) FIG. 16 summarises schematically the mechanical motion of the drive shaft 140, dose limit nut 141, worm gear 142 and plunger rack 145 during dose setting (incrementing the dose). The drive shaft 140 rotates clockwise. The dose limit nut 141 rotates clockwise and advances forwards with respect to the plunger rack 145.

(77) Dose Delivery

(78) To initiate dose delivery, the user presses the dose button 130 against the bias of the dose button spring 131 as shown in FIG. 11A. This pushes the drive shaft 140 axially forwards. Although the drive shaft 140 is splined to the units wheel 118, it is free to slide axially with respect thereto (FIG. 11B).

(79) As the drive shaft 140 advances, at its forward end, the splined clutch 150 between the drive shaft and the worm gear 142 engages (FIG. 110, FIG. 15—Worm Gear Clutch 150). Preferably the drive element, in particular the worm gear 142 and the drive shaft 140 engage after 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm advancement of the dose button 130, more preferably after 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm advancement of the dose button 130. Once the clutch 150 has started to engage, the ratchet arms 146 on the drive shaft 140 begin to disengage from the inside surface of the housing 112 aided by ramp features 111 (FIG. 12A, FIG. 15—Hold Ratchet). Preferably the hold ratchet, in particular the ratchet arms 146 on the drive shaft 140 start to disengage from the structured, in particular toothed surface of the housing 112 after 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm advancement of the dose button 130, more preferably after 1.6 mm to 1.9 mm advancement of the dose button 130. Also, as the drive shaft 140 moves forward, the splines 149 coupling the drive shaft 140 to the dose selector 116 disengage (FIG. 12B, FIG. 15—Over torque ratchet). Preferably the over torque ratchet, in particular the drive shaft splines 149 on the drive shaft 140 start to disengage from the dose selector pawls 115 after 1.5 mm to 3.5 mm of advancement of the dose button 130, more preferably after 2 mm to 3 mm advancement of the dose button 130. The dose indicator and drive shaft 140 are now free to rotate about longitudinal axis L.

(80) The drive spring 120 drives the units wheel 118 to rotate about longitudinal axis L. The units wheel 118 drives the drive shaft 140 which drives the worm gear 142.

(81) FIG. 17 summarises schematically the mechanical motion of the drive shaft 140, dose limit nut 141, worm gear 142 and plunger rack 145 during dose delivery. The drive shaft 140, dose limit nut 141 and worm gear 142 all rotate anti-clockwise. Only the plunger rack 145 advances forwards. During dose delivery, the dose limit nut 141 rotates with the drive shaft 140 but does not move axially with the plunger rack 145. The dose limit nut 141 and the drive worm gear 142 preferably have the same thread pitch.

(82) The worm gear 142 actuates the plunger rack 145 to move axially forwards causing the cartridge stopper 126 to be driven into the cartridge in order to expel medicament thus delivering the selected dose.

(83) When the dose button 130 is released, the dose button spring 131 returns the dose button 130 and drive shaft 140 to their original starting positions. This axially rearward movement disengages the worm gear clutch 150 and re-engages the drive shaft ratchet arms 146 with the housing 112 thereby stopping dose delivery.

(84) Dose Delivery—Haptic Feedback

(85) During dose delivery, the drive shaft ratchet arms 146 run (rotationally) on a relatively smooth track 110 on the inside surface of the housing 112 (FIG. 13A). Optionally, this track could be modified to include ridges 109 which would provide audible/haptic feedback to the user during dose delivery (FIG. 13B). The ridges 109 are conveniently placed relatively close to the user's fingers.

(86) Last Dose Protection

(87) When the medicament cartridge 124 is relatively empty, after several doses have already been delivered therefrom, it is undesirable for the user to be able to select a dose that is larger than the available quantity of medicament remaining. Last dose protection is provided to deal with this situation. Conveniently, the last dose protection is provided by the same feature as the max/min dose limiting i.e. the dose limit nut 141.

(88) As shown in FIG. 14, after several doses have been delivered, the plunger rack 145 and dose limit nut 141 have advanced axially forwards such that the dose limit nut 141 is approaching the worm gear 142. When there is less than a predetermined amount (e.g. 100 IU) of medicament available, the worm gear 142 serves as an endstop, stopping the dose limit nut 141 from moving further forwards and before the maximum dose limit feature 147 on the plunger rack 145 is reached (FIG. 14A). Preferably, it is the dose limit nut endstop feature for maximum dose limiting 141a which engages the worm gear 142. If the user tries to increment the dose further, torque is transmitted through the dose limit nut 141 into the worm gear 142, the torque being reacted to by the worm gear rotational lock 144 (FIG. 14B). As such, the worm gear 142 is unable to rotate due to rotational engagement with the rotational lock 144.

(89) During dose delivery, when the drive shaft 140 is moved axially forwards, the worm gear clutch 150 is engaged before the worm gear rotational lock 144 is disengaged (FIG. 14C). The axially-forward movement of the drive shaft 140 causes its forward end to push the worm gear rotational lock 144 out of the front of the worm gear 142. With the worm gear rotational lock 144 disengaged, the worm gear 142 is free to rotate, driven by the drive shaft 140 (FIG. 14D). Once dose delivery is finished, the drive shaft 140 moves rearwardly. The worm gear rotational lock 144 re-engages, before the worm gear clutch 150 is disengaged (FIG. 14E).

(90) FIG. 15 is a diagrammatic summary of the key engagement points of the injection device components, at four stages of dose delivery.

(91) Dose Display

(92) As already described above, during dose selection the user rotates the dose selector 116 which also drives the drive shaft 140 around. Ratchet arms 146 interact with teeth 113 in the housing 112 to prevent unwinding (FIG. 18A). The drive shaft 140 is splined to the units wheel 118 which, as it turns, increments the displayed unit (FIG. 18B).

(93) The units wheel 118 and tens wheel 119 are biased rearwardly by dose indicator spring 117. Twice per revolution of the units wheel 118, the units wheel 118 is moved axially forwards by the cam surface of the units housing feature 107 engaging with the formation 118b on the units wheel 118. This axially forward movement causes the teeth 118a of the units wheel 118 to engage with the teeth 119a of the tens wheel 119 (FIG. 19A). Continued forward axial movement of the units wheel 118 pushes the formations 119b of the tens wheel 119 away from the tens housing feature 108, so that the tens wheel 119 is free to rotate with respect to the housing 112, allowing the tens wheel 119 to be driven around by the units wheel 118 by one increment (FIG. 19B).

(94) As with the first embodiment, described with reference to FIGS. 1-3, biasing means in the form of dose indicator spring 117 biases the units wheel 118 and tens wheel 119 axially rearwardly in the housing.

(95) An internal surface of the housing 112 is provided with a tens housing feature 108 selectively engageable with the tens wheel 119 to prevent rotation thereof.

(96) An internal surface of the housing 112 is provided with a units housing feature 107 capable of moving the units wheel axially-forward against said biasing means 117 such that the units wheel 118 engages and moves the tens wheel 119 axially-forward and free of said tens housing feature 108 so as to allow rotation thereof.

(97) Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the words “comprise” and “contain” and variations of them mean “including but not limited to”, and they are not intended to (and do not) exclude other moieties, additives, components, integers or steps. Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the singular encompasses the plural unless the context otherwise requires. In particular, where the indefinite article is used, the specification is to be understood as contemplating plurality as well as singularity, unless the context requires otherwise.

(98) Features, integers, characteristics, compounds, chemical moieties or groups described in conjunction with a particular aspect, embodiment or example of the invention are to be understood to be applicable to any other aspect, embodiment or example described herein unless incompatible therewith. All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive. The invention is not restricted to the details of any foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.

(99) The reader's attention is directed to all papers and documents which are filed concurrently with or previous to this specification in connection with this application and which are open to public inspection with this specification, and the contents of all such papers and documents are incorporated herein by reference.

REFERENCE NUMERALS

(100) 7 units housing feature 8 tens housing feature 10 injection device L longitudinal axis 10a front end of the device 10b rear end of the device 12 housing 12a aperture in the housing 14 needle 16 dose selector 17 dose indicator spring 18 units wheel of dose indicator 18a teeth on units wheel 19a teeth on tens wheel 19 tens wheel of dose indicator 100 injection device L longitudinal axis (housing) Lc second longitudinal axis (cartridge) 100a front end of the device 100b rear end of the device 107 units housing feature 108 tens housing feature 109 housing ridge features 110 housing smooth inside surface track 111 housing ramps for drive shaft ratchet arms 112 housing 112a aperture in the housing 113 housing teeth 114 tabs 115 dose selector pawl 116 dose selector 117 dose indicator spring 118 units wheel 118a teeth on units wheel (for engaging tens wheel) 118b formation on units wheel (for engaging units housing feature) 119 tens wheel 119a teeth on tens wheel (for engaging units wheel) 119b formations on tens wheel (for engaging tens housing feature) 120 drive spring 124 medicament cartridge 125 cartridge holder 126 cartridge stopper 130 dose button 131 dose button spring 140 drive shaft 141 dose limit nut 141a dose limit nut endstop feature for max dose limiting and last dose limiting 141b dose limit nut endstop feature for min dose limiting 142 worm gear 143 worm gear support 144 worm gear rotational lock 145 plunger rack 146 drive shaft ratchet arms 147 max dose endstop on plunger rack for dose limit nut 148 min dose endstop on plunger rack for dose limit nut 149 drive shaft splines 150 worm gear clutch A backlash point for over-torque protection