Fruit collector featuring scales with limited displacement and scale intended for such a collector

Abstract

A scale and a fruit collector with connected rows of scales is provided. The rows of scales extending between an intake and an outlet of the collector parallel to a median axis of the collector, scales including respectively a succession of scales with overlap, mounted as pivots on a support with a return to a resting position, each scale presenting a longitudinal median scale axis extending from the proximal to distal end of the scale and forming, in the resting position, an acute angle of aperture with the median axis, relative to the collector intake, and in which each scale presents a capability to pivot relative to the support, between the resting position and at least one bent-back position towards the outlet of the collector, reducing the angle of aperture. At least one hindrance limits an amplitude of divergent displacement, respectively between two successive scales of a row of scales.

Claims

1. A fruit collector apparatus comprising: an intake; an outlet; a plurality of rows of connected scales extending respectively between said intake and said outlet parallel to a median axis of the fruit collector, said plurality of rows of connected scales each having a succession of overlapped scales pivotally mounted on a support, each scale of the succession of overlapped scales having a proximal end turned toward the support and a free distal end opposite the proximal end, each scale of the succession of overlapped scales having a front edge turned toward said intake and a rear edge turned toward said outlet, the front edge and the rear edge extending respectively between the proximal end and the distal end, each scales of the succession of overlapped scales having a longitudinal median axis extending from the proximal end to the distal end and forming an acute angle of aperture with the median axis of the fruit collector relative to said intake while in a resting position, each scale of the succession of overlapped scales being pivotable relative to the support between the resting position and at least one bent-back position toward said outlet so as to reduce the angle of aperture; and at least one hinderance respectively cooperative with pairs of successive scales of the succession of overlapped scales so as to limit an amplitude of divergent displacement of a pivoting movement between the bent-back position and the resting position, wherein said at least one hinderance has a pair of conjugated stops that are complementally shaped, one of the pair of conjugated stops being attached to one scale of the pair of successive scales, another of the pair of conjugated stops attached to another scale of the pair of successive scales.

2. The fruit collector of claim 1, each scale of the succession of overlapped scales having a first stop on an upper fruit-collecting face and a second stop on a lower face opposite to the upper fruit-collecting face.

3. The fruit collector of claim 2, wherein the first stop has a catch protruding on the upper fruit-collecting face and the second stop has a depressed rim opening onto the lower face.

4. The fruit collector of claim 2, wherein each of the first stop and the second stop has a catch positioned at an equal distance from a rotational axis of the scale.

5. The fruit collector of claim 2, wherein the first stop and the second stop are positioned at an area of the scale extending between a scale fastening tab and a line perpendicular to a median axis of the scale and located in a plane of the scale halfway between the proximal end and the distal end of the scale.

6. The fruit collector of claim 2, wherein the first stop and the second stop are positioned at opposite sides of a plane perpendicular to the upper fruit-collecting face of the scale and passing through the median axis of the scale.

7. The fruit collector of claim 6, wherein the first stop is adjacent to the front edge of the scale and the second stop is adjacent to the rear edge of the scale.

8. The fruit collector of claim 1, wherein the amplitude of divergent displacement is no more than 30 degrees.

9. The fruit collector of claim 1, wherein an overlap occurs between, the front edge of one scale and the rear edge of a following scale in a direction toward said outlet, the front edge of the one scale being below the rear edge of the following scale.

10. The fruit collector of claim 1, wherein at least one of the front edges of the succession of overlapped scales and an edge of the distal end has a fruit-retaining relief.

11. The fruit collector of claim 1, wherein the free distal ends of the succession of overlapped scales overlap.

12. A harvesting machine having a fruit collector of claim 1 and further comprising: a shaking device positioned above the fruit collector.

13. A scale for a fruit collector comprising: an upper fruit-collecting face; a lower face opposite said upper fruit-collecting face; a proximal end; a distal end; a front edge linking said proximal end to said distal end; a rear edge opposite said front edge, said rear edge linking said proximal end to said distal end; a first stop positioned on said upper fruit-collecting face adjacent to said front edge; and a second stop positioned at said lower face adjacent said rear edge, said first stop protruding outwardly of said upper fruit-collecting face, said second stop protruding outwardly of said lower face.

14. The scale of claim 13, wherein either said front edge or an edge of said distal end has fruit-retaining relief distinct from said first stop.

15. The scale of claim 13, further comprising: a fastening tab securing the scale to a support, said fastening tab being of an elastic material.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a simplified representation of a collector according to the invention.

(2) FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a scale according to the invention, intended for the collector and shows an upper face of the scale seen from its distal end.

(3) FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a scale according to the invention, intended for the collector and shows a lower face of the scale.

(4) FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a scale and illustrates a detail of its fastening on a support of the collector.

(5) FIGS. 5A to 10A are top views of a part of a row of scales of a collector according to the invention and illustrate their operation.

(6) FIGS. 5B to 10B are top views of a part of a row of scales of a collector representing the state of the art and which does not show any hindrances in accordance with the invention and illustrate their operation. They are positioned opposite the FIGS. 5A to 10A so as to compare the behavior of the scales as a trunk passes through.

(7) The figures are shown in free scale.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(8) In the following description identical, similar or equivalent parts of the different figures are designated with the same reference marks so they can be referred to from one figure to another.

(9) FIG. 1 shows a collector 10 according to the invention. It essentially features two rows of scales 12a, 12b extending from an intake 14 of the collector to an outlet 16 of the collector parallel to a median axis 18 of the collector.

(10) Each row of scales 12a, 12b comprises a succession of scales 20 between the intake 14 and the outlet 16 of the collector.

(11) The scales 20 are of the overlapping type, i.e. with partial covering.

(12) It can be seen that a front edge 22 of each scale 20 is covered by a rear edge 24 of the immediately preceding scale 24 in the corresponding row of scales 12a, 12b in the direction of the outlet 16 of the collector 10.

(13) Overlapping exists also between the edges of the free distal ends 26 of the scales 20 of the two rows of scales 12a, 12b.

(14) It can be seen that the edges of the free distal ends 26 of the scales 20 of one of the row of scales 12b all pass above the edges of the free distal ends of the adjacent scales of the other row of scales 12a.

(15) FIG. 1 shows the scales 20 of the collector in a resting position. The scales 20 each present a median scale axis 30 which forms with the median collector axis 18 an acute angle of aperture S/viewed from the collector intake.

(16) The angle of aperture formed at rest is essentially the same for each scale 20.

(17) The acute angle translates the fact that the scales occupy a resting position in which their free distal end 26 is turned in the direction of the outlet 16 of the collector 10.

(18) The fruit collector 10 is moved through a row of plantings by aligning as much as possible the median axis of the collector with this row. Thus the trunks T of the plantings pass through the collector 10 along its median axis 18 while successively forcing back the scales by contact with their frontal edge from the intake 14 of the collector to its outlet 16.

(19) Under the effect of a trunk T the scales pivot by being further deflected to the rear. This temporarily reduces the acute angle each scale forms with the median axis while the trunk passes through.

(20) FIG. 2 shows an individual scale 20 of the collector. The scale, and especially its upper face as visible in FIG. 2, extends essentially along a plane, called “the scale plane”. The scale is produced by injection of a plastic material such as a food grade thermoplastic elastomer.

(21) A median axis 30 of the scale extends, in the scale plane, between a proximal end 28 and a distal end 26.

(22) On both sides of the median axis can be seen a front edge 22 of the scale 20 meant to be turned towards the intake of the collector, and a rear edge 24 meant to be turned towards the outlet of the collector.

(23) The front edge 22 is provided on an upper face 34 of the scale with a fruit-retaining relief. This is a raised rim 32 which protrudes on the essentially plane upper face 34.

(24) One edge of the distal end 26 of the scale which forms an angle with the front edge 22 includes also a rim 36 in the part which is not susceptible of being overlapped by another scale in a bank of scales. The rim 36 of the distal end is even higher than the rim 32 of the front edge. It also constitutes a fruit-retaining relief. The rim 36 of the distal end 26 presents a fold-back 36a towards the median axis 30 of the scale at a right angle to a slight depression 38 of the upper face 34. This depression is susceptible of collecting juice or a heap of fruits harvested in an area not swept by an overlap of the scales and which would be susceptible of crossing a gap between two scales during a rapid return of the scale towards its resting position.

(25) On the upper face 34 in proximity of the front edge 22 a first stop 40 can be seen. The stop 40 presents itself in the form of a catch 42 which protrudes on the upper face 34 of the scale and which exceeds the height of the rim 32 of the front edge 22.

(26) The first stop 40 is part of a limiting hindrance of deflection amplitude between scales when the scale is mounted on a collector.

(27) In the vicinity of the first stop 40, and on a lower face 44 of the scale, there is a fastening tab 46 of the scale which is of one piece with the scale.

(28) The lower face 44 of the scale is better visible on FIG. 3. It presents a depression 48 with a flat bottom delimited by a peripheral rim 49. In the particular example of FIG. 3 the peripheral rim 49 is provided with a catch 52 protruding on the rim in the direction of the median axis 30 of the scale. The catch 52 constitutes a second stop 50 which is also part of a hindrance of limiting deflection between scales.

(29) In the absence of the catch 52 the edge 49 could also constitute a stop.

(30) The fastening tab 46 of the scale is also better visible on FIG. 3. The fastening tab 46 presents itself in the form of a flexible arm 47 with one end being of one piece with the scale and a free end provided with fastening holes.

(31) FIG. 4 shows the assembly of a scale 20 on the scale support 60 of which only a part is visible.

(32) The scale support 60 presents itself in the form of a sectional rail with perforations 62 on a main face 64 for the purpose of fastening scales. The rail extends parallel to the median axis 18 of the collector. It can be seen that the median scale axis 30 forms with the scale support an angle Ω viewed from the outlet 16 of the collector, identical to the angle Ω it forms with the median collector axis 18, viewed from the intake 14 of the collector.

(33) The free end of the fastening tab is placed against the main face 64 of the scale support by means of a fixing plate 66.

(34) The fixing plate 66 presents drillings 68 fitted to the fastening holes of the fastening tab 46 of the scale and to the perforations 62 of the scale support 60 for fastening bolts 70 to pass through.

(35) The figures described below illustrate the movement of the scales as a trunk T of a planting passes through. For the sake of simplification and for better readability of the figures only 5 successive scales of a single row of scales are shown. Incidentally, the FIGS. 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A, 9A and 10A illustrate the operation of scales according to the invention, whereas the FIGS. 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B, 9B, 10B illustrate an operation of the scales in the classic manner as per the state of the art without the characteristics of the invention. One should however keep in mind that the collector has two connected rows of scales, shown in FIG. 1. The following figures also do not feature all the hidden parts for reasons of simplification and visibility.

(36) FIG. 5A shows the intake 14 of a collector 10 according to the invention at the approach of the trunk T of a planting essentially aligned on the median axis 18 of the collector. The collector is moved essentially along the median axis in the direction of the trunk and the frontal edge 22 of the first scale has not yet reached the trunk T. The direction of travel of the collector relative to the trunk is indicated by an arrow on FIG. 5A and the following corresponding figures.

(37) All the scales 20 are in their resting position, slightly deflected towards the outlet 16 of the collector 10.

(38) In the description that follows the terms ‘first scale’, ‘second scale’, ‘following scale’ and ‘preceding scale’ are understood to mean from the intake 14 of the collector towards the outlet 16 to the collector.

(39) With the exception of the first scale, the first stops 40 of each scale extend in the depression of the lower face of the preceding scale. It can also be seen that the first stop 40 of each scale, with the exception of the first scale at the intake 14 of the collector is in abutment with the second stop 50 of the preceding scale in the direction of the intake 14 of the collector. The stops 40 and 50 and more precisely the catches which constitute them are represented in broken lines because they are concealed by the upper faces 34 of the scales.

(40) The first stop 40 of a scale and the second stop 50 of the preceding scale constitute a hindrance to a divergent displacement of these two scales, as it appears on the following figures.

(41) The fastening tabs are not shown here.

(42) FIG. 5B shows a deck of scales similar to the one of FIG. 5A, but without stops. The scales occupy a comparable resting position in which the flexible are 47 of their fastening tab 46 does not exert any return force in a plane parallel to that of the main faces of the scales.

(43) FIG. 6A shows a beginning of deflection of the first scale of the collector towards the outlet 16 of the collector. The deflection occurs essentially in the gathering plane defined by all the scales. It results from the displacement of the collector relative to the trunk T.

(44) The deflection occurs because of an interaction between the front edge 22 of the first scale with the trunk T.

(45) The second scale is still in its resting position. It can be seen that the second stop 50 of the first scale, i.e. the stop on the lower face of the first scale, gets separated from the first stop 40 of the second scale, i.e. the stop on the upper face of the second scale. In this movement, the first and second scales do converge. The stops do not have any hindering effect in this movement.

(46) The stops of the following scales remain in abutment.

(47) It can also be seen that the pivot of the first scale is accompanied by an elastic deformation of the arm 47 of the fastening tab 46. The fastening tabs are not shown on the following scales, in resting position, but their respective fastening tabs are similar to those shown in FIG. 6B.

(48) By comparison it is possible to see on this FIG. 6B that the movement would be the same for scales without stops.

(49) FIG. 7A illustrates the continuation of the forward movement of the collector 10 in relation to the trunk T. From this point on, the first two scales 20 are bent backwards, i.e. towards the outlet 16 of the collector 10. The first scale being more deflected than the second one.

(50) The second stop 50 of the first and of the second scale are respectively detached from the first stops 40 of the second and of the third scale. The following stops are always in contact.

(51) One can note on the first scale a stronger elastic deformation of the arm 47 of the fastening tab 46, thereby storing an energy that becomes more and more significant and which will be consumed at the return of the scale.

(52) The movement of the scales of the collector of FIG. 7B that have no stops remains the same as that of FIG. 7A.

(53) FIG. 8A shows the collector in a position relative to the trunk in which the second and the third scale are deflected towards the outlet 16 of the collector. The first scale is no longer in contact with the trunk T. The return force exerted by the elastic energy stored during the deformation of the arm 47 of the fastening tab 46 of the first scale makes it pivot towards its resting position as shown in FIG. 5A. One notices however that the rim 36 of the distal end 26 just barely begins to reach the median axis 18 of the collector and thus that the scale is an in intermediary position towards its resting position.

(54) In the pivoting movement the second stop 50 of the first scale comes into contact with the first stop 40 of the second scale and prevents a complete return towards the resting scale of the first scale as long as the second scale is kept in contact against the trunk T. The stops play in this case a role of hindrance limiting the divergent displacement between the first and the second scale during a return of the first scale to its resting position. As it is being retained by the stops, the return of the first scale to its resting position progresses as the edge of the free distal end 26 of the second scale slides over the trunk T. The overlap of the two scales lasts through the entire phase of return to the resting position.

(55) In contrast, it can be observed on FIG. 8B which corresponds to the collector without hindrance, that the energy stored in the fastening tab 46 during the contact of the scale with the trunk T brings it abruptly and instantly back into its resting position. During this movement the scale passes however temporarily through a position beyond its resting position such as shown in FIG. 5B, thereby creating a gap L. The gap L, temporary until the return of the scale to its resting position, finds itself on the side of the trunk T turned towards the intake 14 of the collector. It constitutes a significant opening of the gathering deck between the front edge 22 of the second scale and the rear edge 24 of the first scale. The overlap of the two scales is at this moment almost inexistent. The opening of the gathering deck is susceptible of causing a loss of fruit through this gap, and especially of fruits lying initially on the upper face 34 of the scale and unable to follow the sudden movement of the scale as it loses contact with the trunk.

(56) FIG. 9A shows a later stage of advancement of the collector 10 relative to the trunk in which the first scale has almost returned to its resting position but without having reached it completely and in which the second, the third and the fourth scale are interacting with the trunk. It can be observed that the deflection of the scales towards the outlet 16 of the collector is progressive. The return of the scales to their resting position is also progressive on account of the hindrance formed by the stops which prohibits an excessive divergent displacement at the return of the scales to the resting position. There is thus no gap created between a rear edge of a scale and the front edge of the following scale and the gathering deck remains very close to the trunk T.

(57) FIG. 9B shows the collector without stops. The first scale has returned to the resting position and the gap of FIG. 8B is virtually resorbed.

(58) FIG. 10A illustrates the progressive return of the second scale towards its resting position. The second scale is retained by the first stop 40 of the third scale which abuts the second stop 50 of the second scale. The edge of the free distal end 26 of the third scale slides on the trunk and slows down the return of the second scale towards its resting position.

(59) The first scale is in its resting position. Virtually no gap of the collecting space is formed around the trunk.

(60) FIG. 10B of the device without hindrance illustrates the abrupt release of the second scale. It overshoots its resting position because of the inertia of its movement during the rapid return from the position deflected by the trunk towards the resting position.

(61) A gap L forms at this moment between the rear edge 24 of the second scale and the front edge 22 of the third scale on the side of the trunk turned towards the intake 14 of the collector. Here again, there is a virtual absence of temporary overlap between these two scales.

(62) Such a design of a deck of scales without hindrances generates successively significant temporary gaps L between each scale and the following scale, the gaps being susceptible of causing significant risks of loss of fruits during their harvest.