AIR TREATMENT UNIT AND METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF AIR
20210199318 · 2021-07-01
Assignee
Inventors
Cpc classification
Y02B30/56
GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
F24F12/006
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
B01D53/864
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
F24F2203/10
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
B01D2259/4508
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B01D53/8643
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B01D53/8668
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B01D53/865
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
F24F2203/1028
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F24F2203/104
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F24F8/167
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
B01D2257/708
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
International classification
F24F3/16
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F24F12/00
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
Abstract
An air treatment unit (100) arranged for an intake of a first flow (110) of air into a space (120) in communication with the air treatment unit, and arranged for a discharge of a second flow (130) of air from the space. The air treatment unit comprises a heat-exchanging unit (140) arranged for thermal exchange between the second flow of air and the first flow of air, and a catalyst (150) configured to capture at least one impurity of the first flow of air. The catalyst is provided on at least a portion (160) of the heat-exchanging unit arranged to come into contact with the first flow of air during operation of the air treatment unit.
Claims
1.-16. (canceled)
17. An air treatment unit arranged for an intake of a first flow of air into a space in communication with the air treatment unit, and arranged for a discharge of a second flow of air from the space, the air treatment unit comprising: a heat-exchanging unit arranged for thermal exchange between the second flow of air and the first flow of air, and a catalyst configured to capture at least one impurity of at least one of the first flow of air and the second flow of air, wherein the catalyst is provided on at least a portion of the heat-exchanging unit arranged to come into contact with at least one of the first flow and the second flow of air during operation of the air treatment unit, wherein the catalyst comprises from 1-50 weight-%, based on the total weight of the catalyst, of a noble metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, gold, silver, and rhodium, which has been dispersed on from 50-99 weight-%, based on the total weight of the catalyst, of a metal oxide which possesses more than one stable oxidation state including at least tin oxide, and wherein the first flow of air is ambient outdoor air.
18. The air treatment unit of claim 17, wherein the catalyst comprises a coating provided on the at least a portion of the heat-exchanging unit.
19. The air treatment unit of claim 17, wherein the catalyst comprises an immersion coating arranged for coating the at least a portion of the heat-exchanging unit by immersion of the at least a portion of the heat-exchanging unit into the immersion coating.
20. The air treatment unit of claim 17, wherein the catalyst comprises a spray provided on the at least a portion of the heat-exchanging unit.
21. The air treatment unit of claim 17, wherein the heat-exchanging unit comprises an element which upon rotation is arranged to come into contact with the second flow of air and the first flow of air for thermal exchange between the second flow of air and the first flow of air, and wherein the catalyst is provided on at least a portion of the element.
22. The air treatment unit of claim 21, wherein the element is shaped as a disc, and wherein the catalyst is provided on at least a portion of at least one of the sides of the disc.
23. The air treatment unit of claim 21, wherein the element is shaped as a disc of concentrically arranged layers, and wherein the catalyst is provided on at least a portion of an edge of at least one of the layers of the element.
24. The air treatment unit of claim 17, wherein the heat-exchanging unit comprises at least one tube for guiding at least one of the first flow of air and the second flow of air, wherein the catalyst is provided on at least a portion of the inside of the at least one tube.
25. The air treatment unit of claim 17, wherein the heat-exchanging unit comprises at least one first passage for guiding the first flow, at least one second passage for guiding the second flow, and at least one plate arranged to separate the at least one first passage and the at least one second passage and arranged for thermal exchange between the second flow of air and the first flow of air, wherein the catalyst is provided on at least a portion of the at least one plate.
26. The air treatment unit of claim 17, wherein the heat-exchanging unit comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, and zinc.
27. An air handling system comprising: an air treatment unit arranged for an intake of a first flow of air into a space in communication with the air treatment unit, and arranged for a discharge of a second flow of air from the space, the air treatment unit comprising: a heat-exchanging unit arranged for thermal exchange between the second flow of air and the first flow of air, and a catalyst configured to capture at least one impurity of at least one of the first flow of air and the second flow of air, wherein the catalyst is provided on at least a portion of the heat-exchanging unit arranged to come into contact with at least one of the first flow and the second flow of air during operation of the air treatment unit, wherein the catalyst comprises from 1-50 weight-%, based on the total weight of the catalyst, of a noble metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, gold, silver, and rhodium, which has been dispersed on from 50-99 weight-%, based on the total weight of the catalyst, of a metal oxide which possesses more than one stable oxidation state including at least tin oxide, and wherein the first flow of air is ambient outdoor air, p1 an inlet arranged for an intake of a first flow of air into a space of the air handling system, wherein the inlet is in communication with the space via the air treatment unit, and an outlet arranged for a discharge of a second flow of air from the space, wherein the space is in communication with the outlet via the air treatment unit.
28. The air handling system of claim 27, wherein the air handling system further comprises at least one filter arranged for filtering at least one of the first flow of air and the second flow of air, wherein the catalyst is provided on at least a portion of the at least one filter.
29. The air handling system of claim 27, wherein the air handling arrangement further comprises at least one fan arranged for generating at least one of the first flow of air and the second flow of air, wherein the catalyst is provided on at least a portion of the at least one fan.
30. A method for treatment of air by an air treatment unit arranged for an intake of a first flow of air into a space in communication with the air treatment unit, and arranged for a discharge of a second flow of air from the space, wherein the air treatment unit comprises a heat-exchanging unit arranged for thermal exchange between the second flow of air and the first flow of air, the method comprising the steps of: providing a thermal exchange between the second flow of air and the first flow of air by the heat-exchanging unit, providing a catalyst on at least a portion of the heat-exchanging unit, wherein the catalyst is configured to capture at least one impurity of at least one of the first flow of air and the second flow of air, and wherein the catalyst comprises from 1-50 weight-%, based on the total weight of the catalyst, of a noble metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, gold, silver, and rhodium, which has been dispersed on from 50-99 weight-%, based on the total weight of the catalyst, of a metal oxide which possesses more than one stable oxidation state including at least tin oxide, and guiding at least one of the first flow of air and the second flow of air to come into contact with the at least one portion of the heat-exchanging unit, wherein the first flow of air is ambient outdoor air.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein the step of providing the catalyst comprises coating the at least one portion of the heat-exchanging unit with the catalyst.
32. The method of claim 30, wherein the step of providing the catalyst comprises spraying the at least one portion of the heat-exchanging unit with the catalyst.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0044] This and other aspects of the present invention will now be described in more detail, with reference to the appended drawings showing embodiment(s) of the invention.
[0045]
[0046]
[0047]
[0048]
[0049]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0050]
[0051]
[0052] The air treatment unit 100 further comprises a catalyst 150 which is configured to capture, adsorb and/or absorb, and to convert, at least one impurity of the first flow 110 of air and/or the second flow 130 of air. More specifically, the catalyst 150 may capture, adsorb and/or adsorb the impurity/impurities of the first flow 110 of air and/or the second flow 130 of air, enable a reaction between the impurity/impurities and an oxidizing agent, and desorb the oxidation products, thereby freeing sites for subsequent absorptions and reactions. Hence, the catalyst 150 may capture one or more impurities such as benzene, nitrogen oxide (NO.sub.x), sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, benzo(a)pyrene, radon, ozone, etc., and convert (oxidize) one or more of these impurities into non-toxic components such as CO.sub.2, H.sub.2O, etc. The catalyst 150 may be particularly suitable, configured and/or adapted for capturing or absorbing volatile organic compounds (VOC) e.g. including hydrocarbons (HC), formaldehyde, alcohols, etc., and convert (oxidize) one or more of these impurities.
[0053] The catalyst 150 of the air treatment unit 100 may comprise or constitute (platinum coated) tin dioxide (SaO.sub.2). For example, the weight percent of the platinum in platinum coated tin dioxide may be in the range of 3-20%. Particles of platinum-coated SnO.sub.2 may be fabricated in a size-range that is comparable to the pigments of paint products that can be brushed or sprayed onto portion(s) of the heat-exchanging unit 140. For example, the particles may have diameters in the order of 10 μm or less.
[0054] Alternatively, the catalyst 150 of the air treatment unit 100 may comprise at least two precious metals with at least two different metal-oxides (for example, tin oxide plus one or more promoters) in a layered matrix. Precious metals can together comprise about 0.1-15 weight-% of the catalyst 150. The at least one promoter metal oxide may be chosen from metal oxide species from the transition series of the periodic table which are known to adsorb NO.sub.x species, namely, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, NiO, Co.sub.2O.sub.3 and WO.sub.3. The composition of the promoter oxide(s) can vary from about 1-15 weight-% of the total catalyst 150 material. Specifically, about 10 weight-% of the catalyst may be Fe.sub.2O, NiO, Co—O, combined with about 1.25 weight-% of the catalyst 150 being platinum and ruthenium, with the balance being tin oxide. For example, the catalyst 150 may comprise 70-99 weight-% of a metal oxide possessing more than one oxidation state (e.g. tin oxide), 0.1-15 weight-% of at least two precious metals of which one is Ru and the other is chosen from the group consisting of platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), rhodium (Rh) and silver (Ag). The catalyst 150 may further comprise 1-15 weight-% of at least one promoter selected from the group consisting of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, NiO, Co.sub.2O.sub.3 and WO.sub.3. It will be appreciated that the catalyst 150 as exemplified is associated with numerous advantages. For example, the relatively low light-off temperatures for CO and HC may enable an even more efficient catalytic conversion to CO.sub.2 at a lower cost. The precious metal coatings may be applied to the top surface of the catalyst 150 and are enabled to be more efficiently used. Consequently, less precious metals may be required resulting in lower costs. Moreover, the mixed precious metals may result in a more efficient oxidation/reduction catalyst 150 and may be applied in one step.
[0055] As yet another alternative, the catalyst 150 of the air treatment unit 100 may comprise 1-50 weight-% of a noble metal selected from the group consisiting of platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), rhodium (Rh) and silver (Ag). The noble metal may have been dispersed on from about 50-99 weight-% of a metal oxide which possesses more than one stable oxidation state including at least tin oxide. The preparation of such a platinum-tin oxide-based catalyst 150 may be accomplished by successive layering of the desired components, as follows: (1) a clean, dry substrate may be deaerated in a solution containing tin (H) 2-ethylhexanoate (SnEH, hereafter). The substrate is removed from the solution, and excess solution is removed from the substrate. Residual solution components are evaporated leaving an SnEH layer on the substrate which is thermally decomposed in air to tin oxide at 300° C. Several layers may be applied in the same manner to achieve the desired loading of tin oxide. (2) If desired, a promoter is added to the catalyst matrix in a similar fashion. For example, an iron oxide promoter may be added to an existing tin oxide-coated substrate by dearating in an iron nitrate solution, removing excess solution, evaporating the solvent, and finally thermally decomposing the nitrate to oxide, (3) Platinum may be added to the coated, substrate as above using an aqueous solution of tetraamine platinum (II) dihydroxide or other platinum salt, with chloride-fee salts being preferred, and then thermally decomposing the salt. Instead of the thermal decomposition, a reductive decomposition can be used. For example, the catalyst coated substrate is heated in an atmosphere containing a reducing gas such as carbon monoxide or hydrogen to induce reduction of the platinum salt to platinum.
[0056] The active temperature of the catalyst 150 of the air handling unit 100 may be −10° C.-500° C. For example, for conversion of formaldehyde (CH.sub.2O), the temperature of the catalyst 150 may be 0° C.-25° C., or even somewhat lower. For hydrocarbons (HC), desorption may take place from an initial temperature of the catalyst 150 of about 35° C., and oxidation may be performed at an active temperature of the catalyst 150 at 80° C.-120° C. The light-off temperature may be about 150° C. for hexane (C.sub.6H.sub.14) and about 220° C. for methane (CHS). A complete oxidation may occur at an active temperature of the catalyst 150 well below the autoignition temperature of each hydrocarbon, e.g. 309° C. for pentane (C.sub.5H.sub.12) and 537° C. for methane. As yet another example, the temperature of the catalyst 150 for oxidation of ethanol (C.sub.2H.sub.5OH) may be about 30° C., and complete oxidization may be achieved at 125° C. Analogously, for propanol (C.sub.3H.sub.7OH), the respective temperatures of the catalyst may be 50° C. and 120° C. For the oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) and the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x), the active temperature of the catalyst 150 may be 200° C. -500° C. The catalyst 150 is provided on at least a portion 160 of the heat-exchanging unit 140, which portion(s) 160 is (are) arranged to come into contact with the first flow 110 of air and/or the second flow 130 of air during operation of the air treatment unit 100. It will be appreciated that the arrangement of the catalyst portion 150 on the portion(s) 160 of the heat-exchanging unit 140, as well as the portion(s) 160 itself, are schematically indicated for an increased understanding of the concept of the present invention. In other words, the portion 160 of the heat-exchanging unit 140 of the air treatment unit 100 is schematically shown for illustrative purposes only, and it should be noted that the portion(s) 160 may take on substantially any form on and/or of the heat-exchanging unit 140 of the air treatment unit 100.
[0057]
[0058] It should be noted that a combination of the examples of
[0059]
[0060]
[0061]
[0062] The air handling system 1000 in
[0063] The air handling system 1000 further comprises a first fan 1210a arranged for generating the first flow 110 of air towards the space 120 of the air handling system 1000, The first fan 1210a is arranged in the inlet 105 and downstream of the air treatment unit 100 in the direction of the first flow 110 of air. Analogously, the air handling system 1000 further comprises a second fan 1210b arranged for generating the second flow 130 of air from the space 120 of the air handling system 1000. The second fan 1210b is arranged in the outlet 105 and downstream of the air treatment unit 100 in the direction of the second flow 110 of air, The catalyst 150 of the air treatment unit 100 of the air handling system 1000 may be provided on at least a portion of the first fan 1210a and/or the second fan 1210b for capturing impurities of the first flow 110 of air and/or the second flow 130 of air arranged to pass the first fan 1210a and/or the second fan 1210b.
[0064]
[0065]
[0066] The person skilled in the art realizes that the present invention by no means is limited to the preferred embodiments described above. On the contrary, many modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the appended claims. For example, it will be appreciated that the figures are merely schematic views of printer units according to embodiments of the present invention. Hence, any elements/components of the air treatment unit 100 and/or the air treatment system 1000 such as the heat exchanging unit 140, the inlet 105, the outlet 115, the first filter 1110a, the second filter 1110b, the first fan 1210a, the second fan 1210b, etc., may have different dimensions, shapes and/or sizes than those depicted and/or described.