Polar code transmission method and apparatus

Abstract

Embodiments provide a Polar code transmission method and apparatus. A bit sequence is encoded into a code sequence using Polar code by a network device. The bit sequence contains a control signaling and a Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) sequence. The code sequence is transformed into M copies such that an i.sub.th information copy of the M copies multiples by a first matrix of the power of (i−1). M is an integer and M>0. M copies of codeword was encoded by Polar code, the M copies implicitly conveys different time stamp information, which is suitable for the transmission of PBCH in 5G communication system, signaling overhead is also reduced.

Claims

1. A Polar code transmission method, comprising: encoding, by a network device, a bit sequence into a code sequence using Polar code, wherein the bit sequence contains a control signal and a Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) sequence; and transforming, by the network device, the code sequence into M copies, wherein an i.sup.th copy of the M copies is generated by multiplying a first matrix of a power of (i−1) with the sequence code, wherein M is an integer greater than 0, and 1≤i≤M.

2. The Polar code transmission method according to claim 1, wherein the first matrix includes: a permutation matrix, wherein the permutation matrix has one nonzero element in each row and each column.

3. The Polar code transmission method according to claim 1, wherein the first matrix includes: a circular shift of an identity matrix.

4. A Polar code transmission apparatus, comprising a processor configured to: encode a bit sequence into a code sequence using Polar code, wherein the bit sequence contains a control signaling and a Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) sequence; and transform the code sequence into M copies, wherein an i.sup.th information copy of the M information copies is multiplied by a first matrix of a power of (i−1), wherein M is an integer greater than 0, and 1≤i≤M.

5. The Polar code transmission apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the first matrix includes: a permutation matrix, wherein the permutation matrix has one nonzero element in each row and each column.

6. The Polar code transmission apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the first matrix includes: a circular shift of an identity matrix.

7. A device, comprising: a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium coupled to the processor and storing programming instructions for execution by the processor, wherein the programming instructions, when executed, cause the processor to: encode a bit sequence into a code sequence using Polar code, wherein the bit sequence contains a control signaling and a Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) sequence; and transform the code sequence into M copies, wherein an i.sup.th copy of the M copies is generated by multiplying a first matrix of a power of (i−1) with the sequence code, wherein M is an integer greater than 0, and 1≤i≤M.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) To describe the technical solutions in embodiments of the present application or in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings needed for describing the embodiments or the prior art. Apparently, the accompanying drawings in the following description illustrate merely some embodiments of the present invention, and persons of ordinary skill in the art may still derive other drawings from these accompanying drawings without creative efforts.

(2) FIG. 1 is a flowchart of PBCH generation in LTE communication system.

(3) FIG. 2 is a flowchart of PBCH extraction in LTE communication system.

(4) FIG. 3 is the basic flowchart of a communication system.

(5) FIG. 4 is the applied scenarios of the present application.

(6) FIG. 5 is a theoretical transformation example on transmitter side.

(7) FIG. 6 is another theoretical transformation example on transmitter side.

(8) FIG. 7 is a detailed illustration of the embodiments of the present application.

(9) FIG. 8 is a detailed Polar matrix (8, 4) transformation with circular shift.

(10) FIG. 9 is another detailed Polar matrix (8, 4) transformation with circular shift.

(11) FIG. 10 is a detailed Polar matrix (16, 7) transformation with circular shift.

(12) FIG. 11 is an illustration of soft combination scheme.

(13) FIG. 12 is a flowchart of blind detection process.

(14) FIG. 13 is a Polar matrix (8, 4) transformation involving matrix Tu.

(15) FIG. 14 is another Polar matrix (8, 4) transformation involving matrix Tu.

(16) FIG. 15 is a logical composition of a Polar code transmission apparatus.

(17) FIG. 16 is a physical composition of a Polar code transmission device.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

(18) Embodiments of the present application will be described in details with reference to the associated drawings.

(19) FIG. 3 is the basic flowchart of wireless communication, at the sending end, the source is followed by source coding, channel coding, rate matching, modulation and mapping. At the receiving end, the signal transmitted via the channel is processed by demapping, demodulation, de rate matching, channel decoding, and source decoding. Channel coding and decoding can use Polar code, because the original Polar code (mother code) length is integer power of 2. In one implementation, rate matching is used to achieve various target length of Polar code. It should be noted that the basic flowchart of wireless communication also includes additional processes (eg, precoding and interleaving), given that these additional processes are common to those skilled in the art. The CRC sequence mentioned in this application and the CRC information are identical in present application.

(20) The embodiments of the present application can be applied to a wireless communication system. The wireless communication system is usually composed of cells. Each cell includes a base station (BS), a base station associated with a plurality of mobile stations (MS) to provide a communication service. Besides, the base station is connected to the core network via backhauls as shown in FIG. 4. The base station includes Baseband Unit (BBU) and Remote Radio Unit (RRU). BBU and RRU can be placed in different places, e.g.: RRU placed in high network traffic area, BBU placed in the network maintenance center. BBU and RRU can also be placed in the same place. BBU and RRU can also be different components within a rack.

(21) It should be noted that the wireless communication system referred to in the present application includes but is not limited to: Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE), Broadband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA2000), Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), Long Term Evolution System (LTE) and the next generation 5G mobile communication system including three scenarios eMBB, URLLC and eMTC.

(22) In this embodiment of the present application, the base station may include various forms of macro base stations, micro base stations (also referred to as small stations), relay stations, access points, and the like. Among different wireless access technologies, the name of the base station varies, for example, evolved Node B (eNB) in LTE systems, Node B in 3G system and so on. For convenience of description, in all embodiments of the present application, the above-described means for providing the wireless communication function for the MS is collectively referred to as a base station or a BS.

(23) The MSs may be referred to in the embodiments of the present application and may include various handsets, vehicle-mounted devices, wearable devices, computing devices, or other processing devices embedded a wireless modem. The MS may also be referred to as a terminal, and may include a subscriber unit (cell phone), a cellular phone, a smart phone, a wireless data card, laptop, machine type communication device and so on. For convenience of description, the above-mentioned devices are collectively referred to as MS in all embodiments of the present application.

(24) The following is a brief introduction to the Polar code.

(25) Communication systems typically use channel coding to improve the reliability of data transmission to ensure the quality of communications. Turkish professor Arikan proposed the Polar code which is firstly theoretically proved achieving Shannon capacity. Also, the Polar code has a low coding and decoding complexity. Polar code is also a linear block code whose coding matrix is G.sub.N, the encoding process is x.sub.1.sup.N=u.sub.1.sup.NG.sub.N, wherein u.sub.1.sup.N=(u.sub.1, u.sub.2, . . . , u.sub.N) is a binary row vector, the length of u.sub.1.sup.N is N; G.sub.N is a matrix of N×N, and G.sub.N=F.sub.2.sup..Math.(log.sup.2.sup.(N)). F.sub.2.sup..Math.(log.sup.2.sup.(N)) is defined as a Kronecker product of log.sub.2N matrix F.sub.2. The above matrix denoted

(26) $F_2=\left[\begin{array}{cc}1& 0\\ 1& 1\end{array}\right].$

(27) In the encoding process of the Polar code, a part of the u.sub.1.sup.N are used to carry information, called the set of information bits or I; The other part of the bits are set to a fixed value compromised by the transmitter and receiver, called fixed bits Set or frozen bits F.

(28) It should be noted that the Polar code referred to in the present application includes but is not limited to: CRC cascade Polar code, Parity Check cascade Polar code, Arikan traditional Polar code and CRC aided Polar code.

(29) The details of the embodiments of the present application is depicted below. Firstly, encoding part of the Polar code transmission method is introduced, then decoding part of the Polar code transmission method is introduced, finally the Polar code transmission apparatus is introduced.

Embodiment 1: Encoding Part (Transmitter Side)

(30) Given a Polar code:
u.Math.G.sub.n=x

(31) wherein u is the source vector, with known bits in the frozen set F and information bits I in the remaining positions, G.sub.n is the transform matrix of parents code, and x is the codeword. If a transformation matrix denoted as P.sub.x is applied on the codeword x, a matrix T.sub.u can be found on u, which has equivalent effect as P.sub.x on x. Expression is as follows:
u.Math.T.sub.u.Math.G.sub.n=x.Math.P.sub.x

(32) According to the above equations, T.sub.u is expressed as a function of P.sub.x:
T.sub.u=G.sub.n.Math.P.sub.x.Math.G.sub.n

(33) Wherein G.sub.n.Math.G.sub.n=I.sub.n, I.sub.n is denoted as an identity matrix. At the transmitter side, the equivalence of T.sub.u.Math.G.sub.n and G.sub.n.Math.P.sub.x is depicted in FIG. 5.

(34) If the transform matrix P.sub.x is a permutation matrix with only one nonzero elements in each row and each column, it works as an interleaver on the codeword x, therefore, the only difference of the received Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR) with different P.sub.x is their positions of the elements in each LLR vector, which will be very helpful to enable a quick soft combination of transmission with same x but different P.sub.x. The following designs are all based on P.sub.x which is a permutation matrix.

(35) Furthermore, to extend the above equations, the times (m) of the multiply of T.sub.u or P.sub.x can be implicitly conveyed with the following schemes depicted in FIG. 6. At the receiver side, the implicit message m can be retrieved by the flowchart in decoding part. The implicit message m can be used to indicate timing index, antenna port mapping configuration, polar design rules, carrier index, MCS information, and so on. Therefore, the message m can convey log 2(m) bit information. Here (T.sub.u,infoset).sup.n≠I.sub.infoset, n∈[1,m≤1], where I is an identity matrix, T.sub.u,infoset and I.sub.infoset are the submatrix of T.sub.u and I with row and column indices of info set in u. The design of permutation matrix P.sub.x and its transformed matrix T.sub.u will be described below.

(36) The construction of polar code provides restriction on the selection of T.sub.u and its P.sub.x. An applicable T.sub.u correspond to a permutation matrix P.sub.x should follow a principle:

(37) Principle 1: the frozen set in a transformed u.Math.T.sub.u or u.Math.(T.sub.u).sup.n can only be the functions of the frozen set in u. FIG. 8 is a Polar (8,4) and one of its T.sub.u example to describe principle 1. FIG. 13 give another T.sub.u example for Polar(8,4).

(38) To allow a quick blind detection scheme in FIG. 12, the value of the frozen bits should follow another principle:

(39) Principle 2: the values of the frozen bits should always keep the same no matter how many times transformation. This imposes restrictions on the value of frozen bits. FIG. 9 is a Polar (8,4) example to describe principle 2 where all the frozen bits in F have to be set to 0s. FIG. 14 gives an example of Polar (8,4) with another T.sub.u where u0 can be arbitrary values while u1, u2, u4 can only be 0.

(40) If “Principle 1” is ready, “Principle 2” always holds on as long as the frozen bits are all set 0.

(41) From the viewpoint of soft combination, the simplest forms of P.sub.x are those serve as circular shift. Specifically, The design of permutation matrix P.sub.x includes various approaches.

(42) Approach 1: P.sub.x serves as circular shift

(43) Approach 1.1 a (8,4) Polar code, Px matrices servers as circular shift with offset 2. Therefore, P.sub.x.sup.0, P.sub.x.sup.1, P.sub.x.sup.2, P.sub.x.sup.3 servers as circular shift with offset 0, 2, 4, 6.

(44) Take a (8, 4) polar code for example, wherein F={u.sub.0,u.sub.1,u.sub.2,u.sub.4}, I={u.sub.3,u.sub.5,u.sub.6,u.sub.7}. P.sub.x is set to be a left shift by 2 matrix,

(45) $P_x=\left[\begin{array}{cccccccc}0& 0& 1& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 1& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 1\\ 1& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0\end{array}\right].$
The corresponding

(46) $T_u=\left[\begin{array}{cccccccc}1& 0& 1& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 1& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 1& 0& 1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1& 0& 1& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 1& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 1& 0& 1\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right].$

(47) The values of the frozen sets F will not be affected by info bits I, the transform process on the transmitter side can refer to FIG. 8. 4 transmissions can be supported with this permutation matrix P.sub.x. P.sub.x matrices server as circular shift with offset 4, 6 are also applicable.

(48) Approach 1.2 a (16,7) Polar, Px matrices servers as circular shift with offset 4. Therefore, P.sub.x.sup.0, P.sub.x.sup.1, P.sub.x.sup.2, P.sub.x.sup.3 servers as circular shift with offset 0, 4, 8, 12.

(49) The info bit sets and frozen bit sets are F={u.sub.0,u.sub.1,u.sub.2,u.sub.4,u.sub.5,u.sub.6,u.sub.8,u.sub.9},

(50) I={u.sub.7,u.sub.10,u.sub.11,u.sub.12,u.sub.13,u.sub.14,u.sub.15}. The T.sub.u corresponding to Px of circular shift matrix with offset N/4=4 can refer to FIG. 10. The values of the frozen sets will not be affected by info bits. The maximum supported timing indices is 4. Px matrices server as circular shift with offset 8,12 are also applicable.

(51) Approach 1.3 For any (N,K) Polar code constructed base PW (Polarization Weight) sequence, Px matrice servers as circular shift with offset 0, N/4, 2N/4, 3N/4 is applicable

(52) Transmissions with circular shift values 0, N/4, 2N/4, 3N/4 can also be supported with polar construction method based on PW sequence where the sub-channels with the largest PW values are selected as info set I. The codeword x can be stored in virtual circular buffer and be read out with fixed offset for each transmission. The T.sub.u matrix corresponding to N/4 circular shift share the following form:

(53) $\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{Index}\text{:}12\mathrm{.Math.}N\text{/}4+1N\text{/}4+2\mathrm{.Math.}\mathrm{.Math.}N\\ {\left[\begin{array}{cccccccc}1& 0& \mathrm{.Math.}& 1& 0& \mathrm{.Math.}& \mathrm{.Math.}& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& \mathrm{.Math.}& 1& \mathrm{.Math.}& \mathrm{.Math.}& 0\\ \mathrm{.Math.}& \mathrm{.Math.}& \ddots & & & \ddots & & \mathrm{.Math.}\\ \mathrm{.Math.}& \mathrm{.Math.}& & \ddots & & & \ddots & \mathrm{.Math.}\\ \mathrm{.Math.}& \mathrm{.Math.}& & & \ddots & & & 1\\ \mathrm{.Math.}& \mathrm{.Math.}& & & & \ddots & & \mathrm{.Math.}\\ \mathrm{.Math.}& \mathrm{.Math.}& & & & & \ddots & \mathrm{.Math.}\\ 0& 0& \mathrm{.Math.}& \mathrm{.Math.}& \mathrm{.Math.}& \mathrm{.Math.}& \mathrm{.Math.}& 1\end{array}\right]}_N\end{array}$
Approach 2: Px serves as a general permutation matrix
Approach 2.1 a (8,4) Polar, one possible

(54) $P_x=\left[\begin{array}{cccccccc}1& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 1\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 1& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 1& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 1& 0& 0& 0\end{array}\right]$
And the corresponding

(55) $T_u=\left[\begin{array}{cccccccc}1& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 1& 1& 1& 1& 1& 1\\ 0& 0& 1& 0& 1& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1& 0& 1& 0& 1\\ 0& 1& 0& 1& 1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1& 0& 0& 1& 1\\ 0& 0& 0& 1& 0& 1& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right],$
T.sub.u here meet the principle 1. To meet principle 2, u1, u2, u4 have to be 0 and u0 can be 0 or 1. For the maximum value of the implicit message (m) is 7 because the minimum value to have (T.sub.u,infoset).sup.m-1=I.sub.u,infoset is 7.

(56) For polar code with any info sets and frozen sets, as long as the T.sub.u matrix meets the two design principles and its corresponding P.sub.x servers permutation matrix, this T.sub.u is applicable for implicit indication. The number of maximum effective versions (m) of T.sub.u is determined by the minimum value which enables (T.sub.u,infoset).sup.m−1=I.sub.infoset.

(57) Below is the pseudo codes on how to find an applicable T.sub.u or P.sub.x.

(58) TABLE-US-00001   [knowns]   N: mother code length of polar code   Perms_set={p.sub.1,p.sub.2,...,p.sub.N!}: a set of all the possible permutations of the vector [1:N]. The total number is N!   I: N×N identity matrix   InfoSet: 1×N vector. The position of info set in u, where “1”s stand   for info bit position   FrozenSet: 1×N vector. The position of frozen set in u, where “1”s stand for frozen bit position   Gn: Polar generation matrix   [unknowns]   Px: N×N permutation matrix on x   Tu: corresponding transformation matrix on u   m : the maximum value of implicit message.   Here is the search algorithm   For pp = 1:N!     perm = Perms_set{pp} // extract an candidate permutation     pattern     Px = I(:,Perms) // construct Px according to perms     Tu =Gn.Math. Px.Math. Gn // construct Tu according to Px     // check “design principle 1”     Pass_flag = 0 // 0 means this Tu is applicable     For mIndex = 1:N       // check whether the frozen will be affected by any info bits       If(FrozenSet(mIndex))         Pass_flag +=Sum(InfoSet.Math. Tu(:,mIndex))       end     end   // find out the m value if Tu is applicable   if(!Pass_flag)     m = 1 // initial m     while(1)       if Tu.sup.m (InfoSet, InfoSet) == I(InfoSet, InfoSet)         break       end       m++     end     // here is an applicable Tu with its maximum value of implicit     message m   end end

(59) Specifically, in an implicit way to indicate the timing stamp (m) on Polar codes, an example is shown in FIG. 7 which can be implemented with soft combination scheme at the receiver side. A timing-related operation at the transmitter side can be either a permutation on codeword or a transformation on the source vector u. For transmission #n, n-times permutation is applied on the codeword x or n-times transformation on the source vector u, resulting into a set of transmitted vectors x, x.Math.P.sub.x, x.Math.P.sub.x.sup.2, . . . , x.Math.P.sub.x.sup.N-1 for timing t, t+Δt, t+2Δt, . . . , t+(N−1)Δt, wherein the timing stamp can be considered as cumulative permutation P.sub.x.sup.n over the codeword x that is generated from the payload only. The number of possible permutation matrix is N! for a Polar code with mother code length N. However, only a small subset of them is applicable.

(60) By using the above scheme on the transmitter side, the transmitter can send M copies of codeword x encoding by Polar code, the M copies implicitly conveys different time stamp information, which is suitable for the transmission of PBCH in 5G communication system, signaling overhead is also reduced.

Embodiment 2: Decoding Part (Receiver Side)

(61) If channel condition is good enough, a UE may decode from the LLR vector LLR (T) of single block independently to obtain the payload and timing index (SS Index), wherein the LLR vector is de-mapped from the PBCH.

(62) If channel condition is not good enough, a UE can choose to combine a number of the blocks. When combining the soft LLRs of two received blocks LLR (T) and LLR(T+j.Math.ΔT), the receiver knows the relative timing offset j.Math.ΔT while is not aware of the exact starting point T.

(63) Accordingly, the soft-combination on the receiver side is:
LLR′(T)=LLR(T)+LLR(T+j.Math.ΔT)P.sub.x.sup.−j

(64) wherein P.sub.x.sup.−j only serves as j-times de-interleaver on LLR(T+j.Math.ΔT), since the permutation only changes the position of the elements in LLR vector. The operation of P.sub.x.sup.−j is straightforward and does not incur any information loss. The process of soft combination at the receiver is depicted in FIG. 11.

(65) From the previous analysis, the only unknown parameter for a receiver to blind detect is the absolute starting point T for both LLR from single block LLR (T) and combined LLR′ (T). We denote T as T=m.Math.ΔT, where m is the timing index to be blind detected.

(66) Here we apply a traditional SCL decoder on the LLR vector to found out the transformed source vector û=u(T.sub.u).sup.m. To recover the source vector u and timing index m, CRC check is performed over the information set of each potential de-transformed source vector, i.e., û,û(T.sub.u).sup.−1,û(T.sub.u).sup.−2, . . . û(T.sub.u).sup.−(M−1). If the CRC passes with û(T.sub.u).sup.−{circumflex over (m)}, {circumflex over (m)} is the timing index, the detailed process can refer to FIG. 12.

(67) Note the blind detection calls for some restriction on the form of T.sub.u and values of the frozen bits. The restriction can refer to the above principle 1 & 2.

(68) By using the above scheme on the receiver side, the receiver can obtain the time index {circumflex over (m)} and j.Math.ΔT by SCL decoding algorithm, which is suitable for the transmission of PBCH in 5G communication system, signaling overhead is also reduced.

(69) In an optional embodiment, A Polar code transmission method, comprising:

(70) encoding, by a network device, a bit sequence into a code sequence using Polar code, wherein the bit sequence contains a control signaling and a Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) sequence; and

(71) transforming, by the network device, the code sequence into M copies, wherein an i.sup.st information copy of the M copies multiples by a first matrix of the power of (i−1), M is an integer and M>0,1≤i≤M.

(72) Optionally, the first matrix includes: permutation matrix, the permutation matrix has one nonzero element in each row and each column.

(73) Optionally, the first matrix includes: circular shift of an identity matrix.

(74) In an optional embodiment, A Polar code transmission apparatus, comprising:

(75) encoding unit, configured to encode a bit sequence into a code sequence using Polar code, wherein the bit sequence contains a control signaling and a Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) sequence; and

(76) transforming unit, configured to transform the code sequence into M copies, wherein an i.sup.st information copy of the M information copies multiples by a first matrix of the power of (i−1), M is an integer and M>0, 1≤i≤M.

(77) The Polar code transmission apparatus is depicted in FIG. 15.

(78) Optionally, the first matrix includes: permutation matrix, the permutation matrix has one nonzero elements in each row and each column.

(79) Optionally, the first matrix includes: circular shift of an identity matrix.

(80) In an optional embodiment, A device comprising:

(81) a processor; and

(82) a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium coupled to the processor and storing programming instructions for execution by the processor, the programming instructions instruct the processor to:

(83) encode a bit sequence into a code sequence using Polar code, wherein the bit sequence contains a control signaling and a Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) sequence; and

(84) transform the code sequence into M copies, wherein an i.sup.st information copy of the M information copies multiples by a first matrix of the power of (i−1), M is an integer and M>0, 1≤i≤M.

(85) The device is depicted in FIG. 16.

(86) The above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. The process or function described in the embodiments of the present application is generated, in whole or in part, when the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a dedicated computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, from a website site, a computer, a server, or a data center (Such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) to another site site, computer, server or data center transmission. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that the computer can access or a data storage device such as a server, a data center, or the like that contains one or more available media integrations. The available media may be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., DVD, or semiconductor media such as solid state drives (SSD) and so on.