SOWING MACHINE HAVING A DEPTH GUIDE MEANS ON THE FERTILIZER PLACEMENT UNIT

Abstract

The present invention relates to a seed drill having a frame, to which the at least one seeding coulter and a fertiliser coulter arranged upstream of the seeding coulter in a working direction are connected, wherein the seeding coulter and the fertiliser coulter are each assigned a depth control means.

Claims

1. A seed drill (2) having a frame (4), to which at least one seeding coulter (6) and a preferably disc-shaping fertiliser coulter (8), having an enveloping surface (12), arranged upstream of the seeding coulter (6) in a working direction are connected, wherein the seeding coulter (6) and the fertiliser coulter (8) are each assigned a depth control means, characterized in that the depth control means associated with the fertiliser coulter (8) are one or more wheels (14), wherein at least on a side of the fertiliser coulter (8) a depth control means is arranged laterally next to the fertiliser coulter (8) so that seen from a direction transversely to the working direction (A) at least half of the enveloping surface (10) of the same overlaps the enveloping surface (12) of the fertiliser coulter (8), and in that the depth control means comprises a row pre-forming and re-compacting means entering the ground, which, seen transversely to the working direction (A), is arranged relative to the fertiliser coulter (8) so that the track of the same the following seeding coulter (6) cuts into the ground and forms the seed furrow.

2. The seed drill (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that on both sides of the fertiliser coulter (8) a depth control means is arranged.

3. (canceled)

4. The seed drill (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the wheels (14) are a spoke wheel or solid wheel.

5. The seed drill (2) according to claim 4, characterized in that on the outer circumference of the wheels (14) a circumferential ring (16) each as row pre-forming and re-compaction means is formed, which projects towards the outside relative to a circumferential ground contact area (18) of the respective wheel (14) that is adjacent to the ring (16).

6. The seed drill (2) according to claim 4, characterized in that the axes of rotation (20) of the wheels (14) are set obliquely to the working direction (A) so that in the working direction (A) a sweep of the wheels (14) materialises.

7. The seed drill (2) according to claim 6, characterized in that the setting angle of the wheels (14) relative to the working direction (A) corresponds to the setting angle at which the double discs of the seeding coulter (6) are set relative to the working direction (A).

8. The seed drill (2) according to claim 6, characterized in that the axes of rotation of the wheels (14) are set obliquely to the vertical direction, wherein the setting angle of the wheels (14) in the vertical direction preferably corresponds to the setting angle at which the discs of the seeding coulter (6) are set relative to the vertical direction.

9. The seed drill (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the good means assigned to the fertiliser coulter (8) has or have a wiping surface (22) in the ground contact region on one or both flank sides that is set obliquely to the forward travelling direction.

10. The seed drill (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth control means assigned to the fertiliser coulter (8) have projections (24) in the ground contact region which project over the surrounding surfaces.

11. The seed drill (2) according to claim 5, characterized in that the depth control means have an asymmetrical, the furrow of the seed bed forming cross-sectional shape.

12. The seed drill (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one edge projecting deepest into the ground in the working position of the flanks of the depth control means facing the fertiliser coulter (8) and at least one of the edges of the seeding coulter (6) reaching deepest into the ground are arranged in a line which runs parallel to the working direction (A).

13. The seed drill (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth control means are wholly or partially produced from a polymer or elastomer material.

14. The seed drill (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth control means with the fertiliser coulter (8) are alone or jointly pivot-moveably mounted relative to the frame (4).

15. The seed drill (2) according to claim 14, characterized in that the pivot movements of the depth control means are restricted upwards and/or downwards by a mechanical stop (26).

16. The seed drill (2) according to claim 15, characterized in that the mechanical stop (26) is designed so as to be adjustable in height.

17. The seed drill (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth control means in the working position is held on the ground via an energy store (28).

18. The seed drill (2) according to claim 17, characterized in that the forces from the energy store (28) acting on the depth control means are adjustable by means of an adjusting device.

19. The seed drill (2) according to claim 18, characterized in that the adjusting device comprises an evaluation electronic system which is connected to a sensor system which measures current height positions of the fertiliser coulter (8) and/or forces acting on the fertiliser coulter (8), determines by means of a suitable software correcting variables from the transmitted sensor data for adjusting the adjusting device, and which are connected to actuators of the adjusting device to which the evaluation electronic system transmits the determined actuating quantities as controlling quantities.

20. The seed drill (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the seeding coulter (6) connected to a depth control means is held in the working position on the ground via an energy store (28), and the energy store (28) holding the seeding coulter (6) on the ground is functionally connected to an energy store (28) which holds the fertiliser coulter (8) on the ground.

21. The seed drill (2) according to claim 20, characterized in that the energy store (28) for the fertiliser coulter (8) and the seeding coulter (6) are jointly adjustable.

22. The seed drill (2) according to claim 17, characterized in that one or more fertiliser coulters (8) and/or seeding coulters (6) are part-surface-specifically liftable by the respective energy store (28).

23. The seed drill (2) according to claim 17, Characterized in that in the transport position of the seed drill (2) one or more fertiliser coulters (8) and/or seeding coulters (6) are retracted by the associated energy stores (28).

Description

[0042] The invention is now explained in more detail by way of a preferred exemplary embodiment and making reference to the attached drawings.

[0043] It shows:

[0044] FIG. 1: a seed drill with fertiliser coulter and seeding coulter in a lateral view,

[0045] FIG. 2: a fertiliser coulter in an enlarged lateral view,

[0046] FIG. 3: a view of a fertiliser coulter from below,

[0047] FIG. 4: a view of the fertiliser coulter shown in FIG. 2 with a spoke wheel,

[0048] FIG. 5: a view from below of a combination of a fertiliser coulter with a seeding coulter,

[0049] FIG. 6: a configuration of the seed drill in a lateral view, in which the fertiliser coulters and seeding coulters are each arranged laterally offset one behind the other, and

[0050] FIG. 7: the arrangement shown in FIG. 6 from a view from below.

[0051] In FIG. 1, a seed drill 2 is shown, to the frame of which a seeding coulter 6 and a fertiliser coulter 8 are attached. The seed drill 2 is moved over the field in working direction A. In the process, the fertiliser coulter 8 initially places a fertiliser in the ground. The following seeding coulter 6 then places the seeds on top and/or next to it. The combination of the fertiliser coulter 8 with the seeding coulter 6 thus rips open a seed furrow while travelling over the field, shapes the same, introduces the fertiliser in the same, again compacts the ground, then places the seeds into the seed furrow, closes the seed furrow and again compresses the ground in the region of the closed seed furrow.

[0052] In order for even the fertiliser coulter 8 to be able to introduce the fertiliser adequately deeply and exactly into the ground, the fertiliser coulter 8 in the exemplary embodiment is equipped with double discs, which rip open the ground in their active region and create a furrow in which the fertiliser can be placed. The double discs of the fertiliser coulter 8 have an enveloping surface 12 in the lateral view which is defined by the circular circumference of the disc coulter in the lateral view.

[0053] In the exemplary embodiment, the depth control means is designed as wheel 14. The wheel 14 has an enveloping surface 10 which is defined by the circumference of the wheel 14.

[0054] In the lateral view it is clearly noticeable that the enveloping surface 10 of the wheel 14 overlaps the enveloping surface 12 of the fertiliser coulter 8 in the shown pivot position by more than half—in the exemplary embodiment by approximately 80%.

[0055] In that seen transversely to the working direction A the wheel 14 as an exemplary embodiment of a depth control means and the fertiliser coulter 8 are arranged exactly or at least approximately next to one another, changes in height in the terrain contour have a direct effect on the height control of the fertiliser coulter 8 via the depth control means. When the ground contour rises, the depth control means moves its height position upwards and in the process takes the fertiliser coulter 8 upwards with it by force via a mechanical coupling. Similarly, the depth control means together with the fertiliser coulter 8 moves downwards when the ground drops. Through the simultaneous movement of the depth control means and of the fertiliser coulter 8 along the ground contour, the fertiliser is always placed at a depth that at least approximately stays the same relative to the ground surface. Substantial fluctuations in the height placement of the fertiliser are thus avoided.

[0056] In the exemplary embodiment, the wheel 14 is provided with spokes. Obviously, the wheel 14 can also be designed as a closed wheel body.

[0057] The wheel 14 comprises a ground contact area 18, with which the wheel 14 supports itself on the ground and with which the wheel 14 follows the ground contour. A part of the outer circumference of the wheel 14 however is also formed by a ring 16, which projects in the radial direction over the ground contact area 18. The ring 16 serves the purpose of entering the ground. The ring 16 is to help performing the seed furrow and re-compacting the ground in the region of the fertiliser placement. In this way, the wheel 14 is involved as depth control means in the formation, shaping and compaction of the seed furrow.

[0058] In the exemplary embodiment, a wheel 14 as depth control means is located on both sides of the fertiliser coulter 8.

[0059] During the forward travel of the seed drill 2, the wheel 14 rotates about the axis of rotation 20 in the direction of rotation R. Since the wheel 14 itself is not actively driven but at the same time is to roll over the ground surface so as not to smear the ground material in the region of the seed furrow it is advantageous when projections 24 are located on the wiping surfaces 22 of the ring 16. The projections 24 form a kind of wedges which engage with the ground material and via which surfaces pointing in the working direction A build up a pressure while rolling over the ground by way of which the wheel 14 is set in rotary motion. In the lateral view, the projections 24 can have a triangular, trapezium, rib or other shape via which towards the ground during the forward movement of the seed drill 2 over the ground an areal pressure on the wheel 14 can be built up.

[0060] The projections 24 also have an advantageous effect on the formation of the seed furrow. In that the projections 24 break through the lateral flanks of the seed furrow transversely to the working direction A, the projections 24 form structures in the flank region of the seed furrow into which the roots of the seeded plants can favourably grow and from there break through the lateral flanks of the seed furrow. Rapid rooting and the growth of the seeds is promoted by the projections 24 in this way.

[0061] In the exemplary embodiment, the fertiliser coulter 8 is held on a pivot arm 30 whose downward movement is limited by the stop 26. The pivot movement is also limited upwards namely by the axis of rotation of the fertiliser coulter 8. The fertiliser coulter 8 is pivot-moveably held on the frame 4 by a hydraulic cylinder, with which the fertiliser coulter 8 can be held against the frame 4 pressed into the ground. The hydraulic cylinder is an example of an energy store 28 which presses the fertiliser coulter 8 into the ground. The hydraulic cylinder as energy store 28 can be actively controlled in that hydraulic liquid, controlled by an adjusting device, is fed into or discharged from the hydraulic cylinder. However it is also possible to let the hydraulic cylinder work passively against a pressure accumulator, which depending on design, allows evasive movements of the fertiliser coulter 8 against obstacles in the ground via the hydraulic cylinder. The preload of the energy store 28 during the course of the work of the seed drill 2 can also vary in order to adjust the pressure with which the fertiliser coulter 8 is pressed onto the ground, to different ground conditions.

[0062] In the exemplary embodiment, the seeding coulter 6 is also pivot-moveably connected to the frame 4. In the exemplary embodiment, the seeding coulter 6 is connected to the frame by way of a parallelogram link 32. Here, in order to also press the seeding coulter 6 onto the ground, an energy store 28 is provided, which in the exemplary embodiment is designed as hydraulic cylinder. The above explanations regarding the hydraulic cylinder which holds the fertiliser coulter 8 pressed to the ground, correspondingly apply to this hydraulic cylinder.

[0063] In FIG. 2, the fertiliser coulter 8 is shown in an enlarged view. In this view, the pivot arm 30 is situated in a pivot position maximally pivoted upwards. Even in this pivot position, more than half of the enveloping surface 10 is situated in the region of the enveloping surface 12 of the fertiliser coulter 8. On the end of the pivot arm 30 a wiper 34 is located with which ground material adhering to the ground contact areas 18 and the surfaces of the ring 16 is wiped off during the rotary movement of the wheel 14. In this exemplary embodiment, there are no projections 24 located on the flanks of the ring 16. Furthermore, no spokes are formed in the wheel 14 either, but it is closed in the surface.

[0064] From FIG. 2 it is noticeable that the pivot arm 30, upon pivoting about the axis of rotation 36, changes the distance of the ground contact area 18 of the wheel 14 to the lowest point of the coulter disc of the fertiliser coulter 8. The distance between the ground contact area 18 at the lowest point of the coulter disc of the fertiliser coulter 8 is drawn in as distance D in FIG. 2. Here, the distance D is to mean the depth to which a fertiliser is placed into the ground with the fertiliser coulter 8. During the course of pivot movements of the pivot arm 30 the depth dimension D can vary within the scope of the stops 24. However, when the pivot arm 30 strikes the stops 24 the wheels 14 work against the energy store 28 and in the process, depending on the pressure application of the energy store 28, trigger a movement of the fertiliser coulter 8 relative to the frame 4 or the fertiliser coulter 8 is pressed deeper into the ground by the pressure of the energy store.

[0065] FIG. 3 shows the fertiliser coulter 8 from a perspective from below. In this view it is readily noticeable how, next to the ground contact areas 18, additional rings 16 are formed on the wheels 14, which project over the ground contact areas 18 in the radial direction. The double discs of the fertiliser coulter 8 are also readily noticeable. The two wheels 14 are each held by the pivot arms 30 in a position set obliquely to the horizontal, so that they face one another in the ground region and open upwards in the shape of a V. In addition a sweep of the double discs of the fertiliser coulter 8 and of the wheels 14 in the working direction A is noticeable.

[0066] The oblique position of the wheels 14 results from the fact that both the axes of rotation 20 to the horizontal as well as the axes of rotation 36 relative to the transverse direction are set at an angle to the working direction A. This produces the sweep of the wheels 14 in the working direction A, wherein the wheels 14 with their rings 16 additionally cut into the ground in a V-shaped manner.

[0067] In the view shown in FIG. 3 it is noticeable that the cross-sectional shape of the rings 16 is configured asymmetrically. While the inner flanks of the rings 16 facing the fertiliser coulter 8 have a surface that is orientated approximately perpendicularly, the flank of the rings 16 facing to the outside, which forms the wiping surface 22, is designed running obliquely to the vertical. By way of the wiping surfaces 22, ground material, which the rings 16 encounter, can be discharged to the side.

[0068] In addition, the rings 16 have an annular surface 38 facing to the outside on the circumferential side, with which an areal pressure can be exerted on the ground material located below. The annular surfaces 38 serve the purpose of re-compacting the ground material laterally of the fertiliser coulter 8 while rolling over. In addition, the flanks of the seed furrow, which is pre-formed by the rings 16, is finish-formed and compacted by the wiping surfaces 22. The edges of the seed furrow, which is pre-formed by the two rings 16, are indicated by dashed lines.

[0069] Between the edges of the seed furrow, which are indicated by the dashed lines, the edges of the fertiliser furrow are drawn in dash-dotted lines, in which the fertiliser coulter 8 places the fertiliser. In the view from below it is noticeable that the wheels 14 not only possess the larger rings 16 but additionally smaller rings 16a which are formed on the side of the wheels 14 facing the double discs of the fertiliser coulter 8. These additional rings 16a serve the purpose of pushing ground material over the fertiliser introduced into the ground and compact this ground material so that the following seeds can be readily placed on top.

[0070] In FIG. 4, the fertiliser coulter 8 shown in FIG. 2 is shown with a wheel 14 which in the flank region comprises spokes and in which in the region of the ring 16 projections 24 are formed.

[0071] In FIG. 5, a view from below of a combination of a fertiliser coulter 8 with a seeding coulter 4 is shown. In this view it is noticeable that the inner flanks of the rings 16 are arranged on the wheels 14 in the region of the edges reaching deepest into the ground in a line 40 to the edges of the discs of the seeding coulter 6, which reach deepest into the ground. The line 40 runs parallel to the working direction A of the seed drill 2. The line 40 in the exemplary embodiment also marks the edge of the seed furrow into which the seeding coulter 6 has placed the seeds. In the view in FIG. 5 it is additionally readily noticeable that the setting angle of the double discs of the fertiliser coulters 8 and of the seeding coulter 6 correspond in a direction transversely to the working direction A and also to the perpendicular. This applies also to the setting angle at which the wheels 14 are set compared with the double discs of the seeding coulter 6.

[0072] The FIGS. 6 and 7 show combinations of fertiliser coulters 8 and seeding coulters 6 which can be arranged on a frame 4. In this exemplary embodiment, two seeding coulters 6 are assigned to a fertiliser coulter 8, which with a lateral offset to the working direction A, place the seeds on the ground. While a fertiliser coulter 8 forms a large seed furrow, the two downstream seeding coulters 6 assigned to this fertiliser coulter 8 each form their own seed furrow into which they then place the seeds. Because of this, the seeds are not placed exactly onto the fertiliser introduced into the ground by the fertiliser coulter 8. In particular from FIG. 7, which shows the fertiliser coulters 8 and the seeding coulters 6 from a view from below it is noticeable that both the fertiliser coulters 8 and also the seeding coulters 6 can be arranged in the longitudinal direction offset relative to one another in the working direction A. The seeds placed by the seeding coulters can in turn be placed offset in the working direction A relative to one another, so that a kind of zigzag pattern materialises in the seed placement. It is obvious that on a seed drill 2 multiple fertiliser coulters 8 and multiple seeding coulters 6 can be arranged in the transverse direction next to one another and/or also offset to one another in the longitudinal direction. Thus it is possible at present in one pass of a seed drill 2 to rip up to 48 seed furrows with fertiliser and seeding coulters suitably arranged next to one another and/or offset relative to one another into the ground and placing the seeds therein.

[0073] The invention is not restricted to the above exemplary embodiments. The person skilled in the art does not have any difficulties modifying the exemplary embodiments in a manner that said person deems suitable for adaptation to a specific application case.