Device for lighting the take-off and landing runways and the taxiway at airports

Abstract

A light suitable for lighting take-off and landing runways and taxiways of airports that includes a housing cover provided with a light passage opening, an optical system including at least one light-emitting diode module with at least one LED-chain having a plurality of light-emitting diodes as light sources, a reflector, and a prism having a shape complementary to that of the light passage opening, an insert and a sealing ring, which is arranged between the housing cover and the insert. On an underside of the housing cover of the light, the at least one LED module and reflector are arranged in a first chamber, which is separated from a second chamber of the light by a seal including a flexible insulating and heat-conducting film arranged between the reflector and the underside of the housing cover.

Claims

1. A device suitable for lighting take-off and landing runways and taxiways of airports, said device being a light comprising: a housing cover provided with a light passage opening; at least one light-emitting diode module comprising at least one LED chain having a plurality of light-emitting diodes as light sources, a reflector, and a prism having a shape complementary to that of the light passage opening, the light-emitting diode module comprising an optical system; an insert; and a sealing ring, which is arranged between the housing cover and the insert; wherein on an underside of the housing cover of the light, the at least one LED module and reflector are arranged in a first chamber, which is separated from a second chamber of the light by a seal, and wherein a flexible insulating and heat-conducting film is arranged between the reflector and the underside of the housing cover.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein dowel pins with graduation are provided for positioning the optical system on the underside of the housing cover, said dowel pins extending into position bores of the housing cover, wherein the at least one light-emitting diode module is fastened to the housing cover by a first screw, wherein the optical system is fastened to the underside of the housing cover by means of second and third screws, which are led through the at least one light-emitting diode module, an LED printed circuit board, the reflector and the insulating film, and wherein the reflector is shaped such that, when the second and third screws are screwed in, a seal for the prism arranged in the light passage opening is pressed against an inner edge of the light passage opening of the light.

3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the second chamber is formed by an upwardly open housing base of the insert and contains at least one control electronics and cable connections and is sealed by means of a flat seal, which is arranged on an end face of the housing base and is secured against the underside of the housing cover by screws.

4. The device according to claim 3, wherein a selection switch, which is connected to the at least one control electronics, is provided for the at least one LED chain.

5. The device according to claim 3, wherein dots, which have a plurality of LEDs, are provided on the at least one light-emitting diode module both for emitting monochrome and multicolored light.

6. The device according to claim 5, wherein the at least one LED chain of the at least one light-emitting diode module having the plurality of light-emitting diodes is configured for use both as straight light and as cornering light along straight lines and curves of take-off and landing runways and taxiways by corresponding control of the dots by the at least one control electronics.

7. The device according to claim 1, wherein the optical system has a lens, and wherein the at least one light-emitting diode module has additional IR-LEDs with series resistors.

8. The device according to claim 7, wherein the additional IR-LEDs are configured to function as transmitters in the IR-range, and wherein the at least one light-emitting diode module is configured to function as a communication receiver.

9. The device according to claim 7, wherein light beams emanating from the at least one light-emitting diode module are collected at edges of a beam path of the lens as scattered light, and wherein the collected scattered light is used by at least one sensor for monitoring both light intensity and light wavelength.

10. The device according claim 9, wherein the lens is arranged in a recess on an upper side of the housing cover of the light in a sealing manner such that scattered light beams, which are emitted by the light, hit an entry window of the lens, wherein the lens directs the scattered light beams to a first focal point, wherein the light beams are reflected from the first focal point by a first reflector surface of the lens onto a second reflector surface having a second focal point of the lens onto a sensor surface of the at least one sensor, and wherein all surfaces of the lens except the entrance window and an exit window, are mirrored to the sensor.

11. The device according to claim 10, wherein the at least one sensor is arranged in an elongated part of a printed circuit board, and wherein the elongated part of the printed circuit board has a bore for a centering pin.

12. The device according to claim 1, wherein redundant LED chains are arranged on the at least one light-emitting diode module, which are actuatable redundantly by one or more control electronics.

13. The device according to claim 1, wherein the light is a ground light with redundant control electronics and a switchable and/or redundant power supply.

14. The device according to claim 1, wherein, in order to emulate a halogen lamp, the light has a relay for opening a secondary circuit of a transformer lying in a series circuit including the light.

15. The device according to claim 1, wherein the further comprises one or more of a temperature sensor, a moisture sensor, a radar sensor, and a video sensor.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Further advantages and details can be gathered from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawings. In the drawing:

(2) FIG. 1 shows the housing structure according to a two-chamber principle of the device according to the invention with an integrated operating device in section,

(3) FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 1,

(4) FIG. 3 shows the housing cover without fitted optics of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 1 in a top view from below,

(5) FIG. 4 shows the device according to the invention according to FIG. 1 along the angled section line A-A of FIG. 3,

(6) FIG. 5 shows the equipped printed circuit board of an LED module in plan view,

(7) FIG. 6 shows in detail the construction of dots of the LED module according to FIG. 5,

(8) FIG. 7 is a side view of the printed circuit board of an LED module according to FIG. 5,

(9) FIG. 8 shows examples of the control of the dots for different lights,

(10) FIG. 9 is a block diagram of the components (electronics+optics) of the light,

(11) FIG. 10 schematically shows the structure and arrangement/connection of the components of the device according to the invention,

(12) FIG. 11 shows the block diagram for lightning protection, voltage supply and communication of the device according to the invention,

(13) FIG. 12 shows the arrangement of various sensors in the LED module,

(14) FIG. 13 shows a configuration for the redundant control of the LED modules,

(15) FIG. 14 shows the control of a first embodiment of a serial LED module,

(16) FIG. 15 shows the control of a second embodiment of a serial LED module,

(17) FIG. 16 shows the control of a second embodiment of a parallel LED module of the device according to the invention,

(18) FIG. 17 shows in detail the beam path of the scattered light for two optical units arranged in the housing cover in a sectional view,

(19) FIG. 18 shows in detail the lens in side view,

(20) FIG. 19 shows in detail the arrangement of the seals in the housing cover in plan view from below and

(21) FIG. 20 shows the block diagram of a short-circuit switch (open lamp relay).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(22) FIG. 1 shows in section the construction of the device according to the invention with an integrated operating device, in particular for lighting the takeoff and landing paths and the taxiway at airports, the housing G of which is constructed in accordance with a two-chamber principle. In the following, the application of the device according to the invention as light F, in particular ground light F, for the design with two LED modules LED1 and LED2 and four LED chains (or four dots DT) is explained and described in more detail.

(23) A first chamber K1 of the ground light F contains the optical elements, in particular Lead's LED, the second chamber K2 contains the control electronics KE and cable connections KV. The chambers K1, K2 are separated by an optical unit O (comprising at least one LED module LED1 and a reflector R) and the seal to the housing cover GD takes place in conjunction with an insulating and heat conducting foil I. The insulating and heat conducting foil I placed on the underside of the housing cover GD serves for the electrical insulation and heat dissipation of a control electronics board KB (see the following description). As a result, a seal between the chamber K1 with the at least one optical LED module LED1 and reflector R and the chamber K2 for the electronics is achieved. Together with a seal DP, which seals the end face of a prism P directed towards the light outlet opening GF in the installed state of the optical unit O, and by means of a lens L which is introduced into a recess of the housing cover GD in a sealing manner (in particular glued in), the seal of the light F takes place against external influences, in particular against liquid penetrating from the upper side of the housing cover GD. Furthermore, the separation between the two chambers K1, K2 contributes to the protection of the electronics from penetrating liquid/moisture.

(24) In addition, the chamber K2 can be cast for the control electronics KB, for an even better protection of moisture, and at the same time can be used as a casting mould.

(25) As a result of the construction, the optical unit O (LED modules LED1 to LED4 and reflector R) can be separated and easily reached. Maintenance and service are thereby facilitated. By releasing four screws, namely second and third screws S2 and S3 per optical unit (depending on the embodiment variant) on the inside of the housing G, the optical unit O is accessible, which is mounted on the underside of the housing G. It is thus possible to wait or exchange the entire optical unit O or even individual components of the unit O.

(26) The housing of the ground light F is constructed for receiving up to two control electronics KE and up to eight LED modules (twice LED module LED1 to LED4). As a result, the housing G can be used for all ground lights required in the airport area.

(27) The mechanical positioning of the optical unit O is as follows:

(28) During assembly, the reflector R is first positioned on an LED printed circuit board LP with three locating pins PS (plug-in technique). The latter thus form a unit which is pre-calibrated separately for all three coordinates (X, Y, Z). The three locating pins PS serve at the same time for the reflector R and the LED printed circuit board LP to rest flat on the upper housing part. As a result, the largest possible contact surface of the LED printed circuit board LP with respect to the insulating film I and the heat conducting film is realized. Two screw connections ensure a firm connection between the LED-printed circuit board LP and the reflector R. The at least one LED-module LED1 together with the reflector R forms an optical unit O.

(29) For optimum positioning of the optical unit O on the housing cover GD, the locating pins extend into the position bores of the housing cover GD. The optical unit O is mounted on the housing cover GD with four screws. Two screws pass through the respective LED module together with the LED circuit board LP and the reflector R Two other screws screw the reflector R to the housing cover GD. The reflector R is shaped such that the prism P or its seal D is pressed against a housing window GF. In this way, a good seal termination is produced between the optical unit O and the housing window GF with the prism P or the lens L. This represents the first chamber K1 of the structure.

(30) As described, the reflector R separates the first chamber K1 from the at least one LED module LED1 from the chamber K2 with the control electronics KE. For the optimum vertical angle of the at least one LED module LED1 with respect to the lens L, a flexible insulating and heat conducting foil W is inserted as a base between the LED module LED1 and the housing cover GD. This compensates possibly existing manufacturing tolerances of the components (reflector R, LED printed circuit board LP). Together with the register pins, defined positions are thus achieved and thus the optical pre-calibration of the at least one LED module LED1 is made possible.

(31) In contrast to the conventional devices (for example the ground light described in DE 203 09 405 U1, in which two housings with LEDs and optics are arranged and fastened in a sealing manner in an upwardly open recess of the cover part, the upper side of the two housings forming part of the transferable upper side of the cover part and the light being emitted in opposite directions at an angle to the ground) and the device according to the invention, the optical unit O is mounted with the reflector R on the inside upwards. A further difference lies in the fact that the optical unit O is mounted on the underside of the housing cover GD, which simplifies the service and maintenance by making it possible to exchange LED modules LED1, LED2, . . . without calibration or re-adjustment. As a result of the construction of the ground light F according to the invention, this is insensitive to environmental influences, in particular due to the multiple seals. As in the prior art, see, for example, DE 203 09 405 U1, a pot-shaped, in particular cylindrical insert Z is screwed to the housing cover GD on the solid housing cover GD, in particular made of aluminum, wherein an annular seal D1 is arranged in a groove of the housing cover GD at the abutting surfaces.

(32) The optical unit O consists of five components: prism P, lens L for sensor S, seal DP of the prism P, housing cover GD and LED module LED1, LED2, . . . . The construction of the optical elements LED ensures optimum efficiency of the light characteristic, which corresponds to the specifications of the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration of the United States): Unidirectional light must be aligned so that it crosses the centerline at a point four times the distance of the light; bi-directional dampers must be aligned so that they radiate parallel to the tangent of the curve) and the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization): light in curves must have a toe angle of 15.75° to the tangent of the curve).

(33) FIG. 2 shows an exploded view to illustrate the structural design and the mounting of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 1. In this case, the individual parts in the central region are shown on the left in side view and in the middle and right in plan view.

(34) FIG. 3 shows the housing cover GD without fitted optics of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 1 in plan view from below; FIG. 19 shows in detail the arrangement of the seals in the housing cover GD in plan view from below, namely the sealing ring (O-ring) D1 for the cylindrical insert ZE, the flat seal W for the second chamber K2 (shown in broken lines in FIG. 3), the seal DP of the prism P and the insulating and heat conducting foil I.

(35) Furthermore, FIG. 4 shows in detail the device according to the invention according to FIG. 1 along the angled section line A-A of FIG. 3.

(36) FIG. 5 schematically shows one of the LED modules (e.g. LED1). The connection between the control electronics KE and the LED module LED1 takes place via a ribbon cable KV to form a socket B.

(37) Four LED-chains each with four LEDs are arranged on the LED module. The LEDs are divided into four groups of four LEDs each. Such a group is called Dot DT. FIG. 6 schematically shows such a dot DT. Depending on the design (fitting) of the LED module (e.g. LED1), a dot DT consists of the LEDs with the colors red, green, blue and white or of a single color. A selection switch AS (X/Y multiplexer) for the LED chain drive on the LED module is provided for an additional flexibility of the LED module. The selection switch AS can be selected from a number of input signals of one and connected through to the output. Different tasks can be fulfilled by individually driving the individual LED chains and the dots DT and the selection switches AS: RGBW control.fwdarw.all required colors can be realized per dot DT. Brightness control.fwdarw.It is possible to set different light intensities. Turn lights can be implemented on and off of dots DT.fwdarw.(see FIG. 8). Redundancy.fwdarw.Actuation of an LED-chain by means of two control electronics KE. Redundancy.fwdarw.actuation of up to two LED-chains in a color of an LED module for compensating for a failure of LEDs in an LED-chain.

(38) As a result of this configuration, it is achieved that with a small number of different LED modules LED1, LED2, . . . that many different types of airfield lights can be implemented. This facilitates maintenance and service, since only a small number of different LED modules LED1, LED2, . . . are required.

(39) As a result of the possibility of redundant activation of the LED-chains by means of two control electronics KE, an increased failure safety (redundancy) for airport operation is ensured in the event of a fault, for example a defect in a control circuit or a cable break, etc.

(40) On the respective LED module LED1, LED2, IR-LEDs with series resistors, for example five IR-LEDs IR, are preferably present. These are intended to heat the prism P or the lens L and the electronics KE in order to generate the operating temperature, and to avoid ice formation on the outside of the prism/lens P/L or to melt or to remove moisture (condensation layer on the inside of the glazed surface) in the case of a cold start.

(41) In particular, the IR-LEDs IR can be used as a communication channel for transmission in the IR range, and an RGB sensor S simultaneously serves as a communication receiver (bidirectional IR communication).

(42) On the respective LED module LED1, LED2, . . . two RGB sensors S are preferably placed. The light beam emanating from the light F is collected at the edges of the emitted light beam with two lenses L, preferably convex lens lenses. These each generate a focal point at the respective sensor installation position. As shown in detail in FIG. 18, the lens L consists of an entrance window EF, an exit window AF and two reflector surfaces (RF1, RF2). Both reflector surfaces RF1, RF2 are paraboloid-like with free shapes.

(43) The scattered light of the ground light F enters the entrance window EF of the lens L and is reflected via the first reflector surface RF1 to a first focal point BP1. The first focal point BP1 lies within the second reflector surface RF2. The scattered light collected in the first focal point BP1 is reflected via the second reflector surface RF2 into the second focal point BP2. The second focal point BP2 lies on the sensor surface of the sensor S. Accordingly, the scattered light is directed onto the sensor S in a targeted manner by the lens L.

(44) The RGB sensors S monitor both the light intensity and the wavelength of light to monitor the optical properties for the light F. In the event of deviations, the control electronics KE readjusts the control of the LEDs LED in order to calibrate the deviations (color, brightness).

(45) Since the lenses L are placed on the outside of the housing, interfering variables of the prism P, such as reflections, attenuation, ageing, soiling, extraneous light, etc., are also detected by the RGB sensors S. This enables better calibration of the light beam and provides information on the state of the optical unit O. More precise information can be determined by using two independent RGB sensors S and the possibility for erroneous measurements is minimized.

(46) As a result of the central evaluation of the measurement data from different/adjacent light devices F, the environmental influences can be determined in a separated manner and can flow into the calibration, control of the light. Together with the measurement data of LED current and LED voltage and the temperature (determined using a temperature sensor ST) of the respective LED module LED1, LED2, . . . the aging of the LEDs is determined and calibrated. The sum of this information permits an accurate analysis of the state of the light F. It can be determined whether the prism/lens P/L or the LEDs LED on the respective LED module LED1, LED2, . . . or a contamination is present. Thus, service costs are reduced because only aimed defective components are exchanged and not the complete optical unit O.

(47) In particular, in addition to the optical sensors S and the temperature sensor ST, a moisture sensor SF (see FIG. 12) is arranged on the respective LED module LED1, LED2, . . . . This allows moisture or liquids possibly penetrating to be detected.

(48) Furthermore, as illustrated in FIG. 12, the respective LED module LED1, LED2, having a video sensor SV and/or a radar sensor SR. These makes a targeted monitoring of the flying field possible.

(49) Via an RFID controller and an antenna A integrated into the optical module O, in particular an RFID antenna, the operating data and service data of the ground light F can be read out in situ without opening the light F, and in the off state or without electrical connection to the light F. The wireless communication can preferably be carried out via other radio standards (e.g. Bluetooth, see also the non-prior-published application DE 10 201 6 011 815. 6 of the applicant).

(50) The embodiment/configuration of the respective LED module LED1, LED2, . . . and the operating data and service data are stored in a non-volatile memory M (see FIG. 9, FIG. for reading.

(51) As is shown in detail in FIG. 11, the device/ground light F according to the invention is connected to standardized PLUG-CLASS A plugs via a DLC module DLC, preferably a separating transformer, on the series circuit. The series circuit is supplied by a control device CCR (constant current regulator), not shown in the drawing. Connected between the control device CCR and the series circuit is an MCU (Master Control Unit), not shown in the drawing, which couples the communication signals into a series circuit.

(52) The block diagram shown in FIG. 11 for lightning protection, voltage supply and communication of the device according to the invention is briefly described. An overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit (lightning protection) SB is an input-side coarse protection which short-circuits overvoltages and overcurrent occurring at the input of the device and thereby prevents damage to the device. The functionality of the circuit part is monitored by a monitoring circuit and reported to a central controller module DLC-3 A. A module DLC connected to the output of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit (lightning protection) SB ensures the coupling and decoupling of the power line communication signals to the supply network. A measuring shunt MS connected to the module DLC is used to measure the input current of the device. A PS regulator PSR controls and regulates the internal voltage supplies of the device by means of the measurement signal.

(53) Furthermore, a filter F, which represents the network filter of the device, is connected to the module DLC. The network filter F performs the following tasks.

(54) The first object is the interference suppression of the network of internal switching disturbances of the operating device.

(55) The second object is the representation of a high-impedance termination for powerline communication.

(56) The third object is to fold the energy pulses during lightning strike events.

(57) An active rectifier (active rectifier) AG is connected to the mains filter F and generates a DC voltage from the alternating voltage/alternating current on the input side. This is achieved by active control of switches (MOSFETs). The active rectifier AG is controlled by the PS regulator PSR.

(58) A lower power loss of the device is achieved by the lower voltage drop of the switches in contrast to passive rectifier diodes.

(59) A voltage converter VC is connected to the output of the active rectifier AG and generates the supply voltages for the device-internal active components (DLC-3 A, DLC-3 D, etc.) from the rectified voltage. The generation takes place in two stages. A DC voltage is generated from the rectified voltage (e.g. 18V). The lower voltages (5V, 3.3 V and 1.8 V) are generated from this voltage.

(60) The PS regulator PSR is used for controlling the voltage converter VC.

(61) Connected to the output of the voltage converter VC is a constant current regulator CR, which converts the generated DC voltage (e.g. 18V) into a regulated constant current. This is necessary for controlling the subsequent LED-chains. The control takes place via the PS regulator PSR.

(62) The LED modules LED1, LED2, LED2, . . . , which represent the LED-chains of the device, are connected to the constant current regulator CR. A plurality of LED-chains can be controlled and regulated independently of one another by means of the device. An LED-chain may consist of a plurality of LEDs connected in series.

(63) As described above, the PS regulator PSR controls and regulates the various circuit parts of the device according to the invention. For this purpose, the various system parameters (input current, output current, direct voltages, etc.) are measured by the PS regulator PSR and converted into the corresponding control signals.

(64) The central controller module DLC-3 A of the device connected to the PS regulator PSR monitors the functions of the device and is responsible for powerline reception. Furthermore, a powerline amplifier DLC-3 D is connected to the PS regulator PSR and the central controller module DLC-3 A.

(65) Gate drivers GT connected to the output of the powerline amplifier DLC-3 D and the PS regulator PSR convert the drive signals with a low voltage level into drive signals with a higher voltage level. The higher voltage is necessary for the control of active components (MOSFETs).

(66) The dashed line in FIG. 11 is intended to represent the integration of the components within this line in the DLC-3 A/D. The connection of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit (lightning protection) SB and the connection (II) is the connection of the network filter NF to the central controller module DLC-3 A. A short-circuit switch (open lamp relay) OLR is arranged at the input of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit (Lightning Protection) SB, the mode of operation of which is explained in more detail on the basis of the block diagram illustrated in FIG. 20.

(67) The DLC-3 A/D (see dot-line block in FIG. 11 and the non-prior-published application DE 10 201 6 011 815. 6 of the applicant) is the central control, control, monitoring and communication unit of the control electronics KE. The control electronics KE regulates the required LED forward current of the up to four independent LED-chains. The control electronics KE monitor the input current, the input voltage, the LED current, the LED voltage and the supply voltage of the electronics via AD converters integrated in the DLC-3 A/D. Likewise, all sensor data from the DLC-3 A/D (ASIC) are read, monitored and evaluated. Via a powerline communication PLC, the device/ground light F according to the invention can supply this information (sensor data) as well as status messages to the central and superordinate units (see in detail the non-prior-published application DE 10 201 6 011 815. 6 of the applicant).

(68) As shown in FIG. 11, a network filter NF and an overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit (lightning protection) SB are implemented on a control electronics board KB. For implementation, see in detail the non-prior-published application DE 10 201 6 011 815.6 of the applicant.

(69) The network filter NF is designed as an LC low-pass filter. The overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit SB consists of: Coarse protection Current and voltage limiting circuit Fine protection

(70) The combination of network filter NF and surge and burst protection SB offers protection against electrical environmental influences, such as overcurrent, voltages and lightning strikes. This protection device is monitored by the DLC-3 A/D (ASIC) for high availability of the system. This ensures that a failure of the protection is detected without time delay. Possible reactions are to repair or replace the switching into the redundancy mode or the light F, before damage to the light F and thus a failure of the system occur.

(71) The electronic control system KE contains an automatic heating device in order to pre-heat the assembly during the cold start to the minimum temperature required for components. The heating power is in particular 10 watts for control electronics KE and 10 watts for the respective LED module LED1, LED2, . . . , i.e. 20 watts for the device/ground light F in minimal equipment. This increases the starting temperature of the light F (e.g. in quartz having relatively large frequency offset drift above temperature), as well as the availability and service life of the light F.

(72) As already explained above, it is possible to construct the device/ground light F according to the invention with redundant control electronics KE, see FIG. 13. For this purpose, two control electronics boards KB are required. Each control board KB is connected to the series circuit via a separate separating transformer T. Should a fault occur in the internal power supply of the current regulator for the respective LED module LED1, LED2, . . . or occur a failure of one or more LEDs in the respective LED-chains of LED modules LED1, LED2, . . . with monochrome dots, the redundancy mode is started.

(73) There are three redundancy mode configurations: 1. In the event of a failure of the power supply of a control board KB, the power supply and the communication are taken over by the remaining control board KB. As a result, the first control board KB can continue to operate the connected LED-chains. 2. In the event of a failure of a current regulator for the LED-chains, the second control board KB can assume up to two LED-chains of the first control board KB. 3. In the event of a failure of one or more LEDs in an LED-chain, the latter can be compensated using LED modules with single-color dots by one or more redundant LED-chains.

(74) In addition to the powerline communication PLC, the integrated DLC-3 A/D (ASIC) assumes all open-loop, closed-loop and diagnostic tasks of the device/ground light F. According to the invention, the control electronics KE can make possible the different variants (functions) in conjunction with the optical units O (for example taxiway center-line light or flash-light).

(75) The ground light F is separated from the series circuit by the relay BR arranged at the input of the overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit (Lightning Protection) SB. As a result of the separation, an additional protection of the ground light F against, for example, overcurrent, overvoltage is achieved in the case described.

(76) In another embodiment, no open secondary circuit is simulated on the transformer T with the relay BR, but the series circuit is short-circuited via the relay contacts at the input of the ground light F.

(77) This short circuit causes the entire system (series circuit) to provide less power for lighting. The CCR is less heavily loaded.

(78) Due to the short circuit, the ground light F is nevertheless separated from the series circuit. With the short circuit, it is likewise achieved that no voltage is present at the input of the ground light F.

(79) The functionality of the external measuring device is no longer maintained here.

(80) For both forms, the relay BR can be reset by manual intervention (application of a voltage to PE (earth) and LA). In this way, the ground light F (if it is functional) can be used again in normal operation. The control line of the bistable relay BR is designated C-ON.

(81) As the block diagram according to FIG. 20 shows, an input LA for resetting the bistable relay BR is protected against overcurrent by means of a fuse SI. Overvoltages between the inputs LA and PE are limited by an overvoltage protection circuit USS.

(82) The applied voltage is galvanically transmitted with a transformer T, which is arranged between the overvoltage protection circuit USS and a rectifier circuit GR. The bistable relay BR is controlled by this transmitted voltage and is thereby reset.

(83) The integrated and intelligent sensor system (RGB sensor S, moisture sensor SF, radar sensor SR, temperature sensor ST, video sensor SV) supplies various decentralized information, which enable self-contained monitoring, error detection and calibration, in addition the information for the central evaluation and monitoring is derived in parallel. The use of the sensor system also reduces the number of variations in production, and reduces maintenance and maintenance costs.

(84) In addition, the device according to the invention/the ground light F makes it possible to use in series circuits without communication while maintaining the correct functionality of external measuring devices in the power supply by simulation (emulation) of the fault image (open secondary circuit from the transformer) of defective halogen lighting means by means of relays at the input and corresponding logic for controlling the relay when the series circuit is switched on.

(85) Furthermore, the invention has hitherto not been restricted to the combinations of features defined in claim 1, but can also be defined by any other combination of certain features of all the individual features disclosed altogether. This means that basically virtually every individual feature in the claims can be omitted or replaced by at least one individual feature disclosed elsewhere in the application.

LIST OF REFERENCE CHARACTERS APPEARING IN THE DRAWING FIGURES

(86) A antenna (RFID antenna) AF exit window of lens L AG active rectifier (active rectifier) AS selection switch B bushing (for cable connection KV) BP1 first focal point of lens L BP1 second focal point of lens L BR bistable relay CR constant current regulation (current regulator) D1 sealing ring (O-ring) for cylindrical insert ZE DT Dot 0, Dot 1, Dot 2, Dot 3, . . . . DLC DLC module DLC-3A central controller module DLC-3D powerline amplifier DP seal prism E ground level EF entrance window of lens L F light (ground light) G housing GD housing cover GB housing-base GF light passage opening GR rectifier circuit GT gate driver I insulating and heat-conducting film IR IR-LED (communication, heating) KE control electronics KV cable connection KB control electronics board K1 first chamber (optical elements LED) K2 second chamber (control electronics KE, cable connections KV) L lens LED optical element LED1 LED-module LED2 LED module LED3 LED module LED4 LED module LA input open lamp relay OLR LP LED printed circuit board M memory (configuration, operating data, service data) MS measuring shunt NF network filter O optical unit OF optical Window OLR short-circuit switch (open lamp relay) P prism P1 Positioning (locating pin PS) between reflector and LED module and housing cover P2 bore for screw connection reflector and LED module with housing cover P3 bore for screw-connection reflector with LED module PE earth (input open lamp relay OLR) PR dowel pins with graduation of the reflector R PS dowel pins of the sensor S PSR PS regulator R reflector RF1 first reflector surface of lens L RF1 second reflector surface of lens L S sensor (RGB sensor) SI fuse S1 screws for the screw connection of reflector with LED module S2 screws for the screw connection of reflector and LED module with housing cover S3 screws for the screw connection of reflector and LED module with housing cover S4 screws for screwing the control electronics board to the housing base S5 screws for screwing the housing base to the housing cover SF moisture sensor SR radar sensor ST temperature sensor SV video sensor SB overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit T transformer (transmitter) VC voltage converter (voltage converter) W flat seal (second chamber K2) ZE cylindrical insert