Tool holder for lathe and lathe provided with the tool holder

Abstract

A tool holder for a lathe having a spindle permits improved arrangement of tools on a turret to maximize the allowable workpiece outer diameter for a given tool. A Z-axis feed mechanism moves the spindle and the turret relative to each other in a Z-axis direction along a center axis of the spindle, while an X-axis feed mechanism moves the spindle and the turret relative to each other in an X-axis direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction. A plurality of tool holders is attached to the turret, each having a tool holding part. At least one of the tool holders holds the tool at a holding position such that, when indexed to a machining position by rotation of the turret, a cutting-edge reference point of the tool is offset with respect to an X-Z plane including a center axis of the turret.

Claims

1. A lathe, comprising: a spindle; a turret; a Z-axis feed mechanism moving the spindle and the turret relative to each other in a direction of a Z-axis extending along a center axis of the spindle; an X-axis feed mechanism moving the spindle and the turret relative to each other in a direction of an X-axis orthogonal to the Z-axis; a Y′-axis feed mechanism moving the spindle and the turret relative to each other in a direction of a Y′-axis orthogonal to the Z-axis and intersecting with the X-axis non-perpendicularly; and a plurality of tool holders each having a tool holding part holding a tool, and attached to the turret, the lathe being configured to move the spindle and the turret in a direction of a Y-axis orthogonal to both the X-axis and the Z-axis by combined operation of the X-axis feed mechanism and Y′-axis feed mechanism, at least one of the plurality of tool holders having a single tool holding part holding the tool, the single tool holding part holding the tool at a holding position thereon set at a position such that, when the held tool is indexed to the machining position by rotation of the turret, a cutting-edge reference point of the held tool is offset to a side opposite to the X-axis feed mechanism and the Y′-axis feed mechanism with respect to a plane which includes the center axis of the spindle and a center axis of the turret and is parallel to the X-axis and the Z-axis.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a side view of a lathe according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

(2) FIG. 2 is an illustration for explaining an effect achieved by the lathe according to the embodiment;

(3) FIG. 3 shows a tool holder in the embodiment, partially in section;

(4) FIG. 4 is a view as viewed in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 3;

(5) FIG. 5 shows a tool holder according to another embodiment, partially in section;

(6) FIG. 6 is a cross section taken along line B-B in FIG. 5;

(7) FIG. 7 shows a state of tool holders being attached to a turret in the embodiment;

(8) FIG. 8 shows a state of the tool holders being attached to the turret in the embodiment; and

(9) FIG. 9 is an illustration for explaining an effect achieved by the lathe according to the embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(10) Hereinafter, a specific embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings.

(11) First of all, a lathe according to this embodiment is described. FIG. 1 is a side view of the lathe according to this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the lathe 1 according to this embodiment includes a bed 2, a headstock 3 disposed on the bed 2, a carriage 5 disposed on the bed 2 such that it is movable in a direction of a Z-axis that is orthogonal to the surface of the sheet of paper containing FIG. 1, a saddle 6 disposed on the carriage 5 such that it is movable in a direction of a Y′-axis that is indicated by an arrow in FIG. 1, and a tool rest 7 disposed on the saddle 6 such that it is movable in a direction of an X-axis that is indicated by an arrow in FIG. 1.

(12) The headstock 3 holds a spindle 4 such that the spindle 4 is rotatable about a center axis 4a thereof. Further, a chuck, not shown in the drawings, is attached to the spindle 4, and a workpiece (not shown) is held by the chuck. Note that the spindle 4 rotates about the center axis 4a thereof by being driven by a spindle motor, not shown in the drawings, that is incorporated in the headstock 3.

(13) The carriage 5 is driven by a Z-axis feed mechanism 10 to move in the direction of the Z-axis, the Z-axis being a feed axis that is parallel to the center axis 4a of the spindle 4. The saddle 6 is driven by a Y′-axis feed mechanism 20 to move in the direction of the Y′-axis, the Y′-axis being a feed axis that is orthogonal to the Z-axis. The tool rest 7 holds a turret 8 such that the turret 8 is rotatable about a center axis 8a thereof that is parallel to the center axis 4a of the spindle 4. Further, the tool rest 7 is driven by an X-axis feed mechanism 15 to move in the direction of the X-axis, the X-axis being a feed axis that is orthogonal to the Z-axis and intersects with the Y′-axis non-perpendicularly.

(14) The turret 8 is composed of a polygonal prismatic body, and tool holders TH, which each hold a tool T, are attached to outer peripheral surfaces and end surfaces corresponding thereto of the turret 8. The turret 8 is rotated about the center axis 8a thereof by an appropriate drive motor to index a tool T, which is attached radially to the turret 8, to a machining position that is determined for performing a machining action. Note that fixed tools, such as a cutting tool, and rotary tools, such as a drill and an end mill, can be attached to the turret 8.

(15) The Z-axis feed mechanism 10 includes a Z-axis servo motor 11 provided on the bed 2, a Z-axis ball screw (not shown) connected to the Z-axis servo motor 11, and a ball nut (not shown) screwed on the Z-axis ball screw (not shown) and fixed to the carriage 5.

(16) The Y′-axis feed mechanism 20 includes a Y′-axis servo motor 21 provided on the carriage 5, a Y′-axis ball screw (not shown) connected to the Y′-axis servo motor 21, and a ball nut (not shown) screwed on the Y′-axis ball screw (not shown) and fixed to the saddle 6.

(17) The X-axis feed mechanism 15 includes an X-axis servo motor 16 provided on the saddle 6, an X-axis ball screw (not shown) connected to the X-axis servo motor 16, and a ball nut (not shown) screwed on the X-axis ball screw (not shown) and fixed to the tool rest 7.

(18) Operations of the Z-axis servo motor 11, X-axis servo motor 16, Y′-axis servo motor 21, spindle motor, and drive motor for turret indexing are controlled by an appropriate controller (not shown).

(19) In the lathe 1 having the above-described configuration, under control by the controller (not shown), the turret 8 is moved in the Z-axis direction along the center axis 4a of the spindle 4, the X-axis direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction, and a Y-axis direction (composite Y-axis direction) orthogonal to both the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction.

(20) That is, under control by the controller (not shown), the turret 8 moves along the Z-axis when the Z-axis servo motor 11 is driven, and moves along the X-axis when the X-axis servo motor 16 is driven.

(21) Further, under control by the controller (not shown), the turret 8 moves in the composite Y-axis direction orthogonal to both the Z-axis and the X-axis when the X-axis servo motor 16 and the Y′-axis servo motor 21 are driven synchronously. Specifically, when the saddle 6 is moved in the negative Y′-axis direction by the Y′-axis feed mechanism 20 and simultaneously the tool rest 7 is moved in the positive X-axis direction by the X-axis feed mechanism 15 in synchronization with the movement of the saddle 6, the turret 8 moves in the negative Y-axis direction. Conversely, when the saddle 6 is moved in the positive Y′-axis direction by the Y′-axis feed mechanism 20 and simultaneously the tool rest 7 is moved in the negative X-axis direction by the X-axis feed mechanism 15 in synchronization with the movement of the saddle 6, the turret 8 moves in the positive Y-axis direction.

(22) Accordingly, in this lathe 1, in a state where the spindle 4 holds a workpiece and the turret 8 holds tools T as appropriate, turning can be performed on the workpiece by moving a tool T in an X-Z plane while rotating the workpiece. Further, so-called milling can be performed on the workpiece by moving a rotary tool held by the turret 8 in a three-dimensional space defined by the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis with the workpiece stopped in rotation or while rotating the workpiece slowly.

(23) Next, the tool holders TH attached to the turret 8 are described. As shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, at least one of the tool holders TH attached to the turret 8 holds a tool T with a tool holding part thereof at a holding position thereon which is set at a position such that, when the held tool T indexed to the machining position by rotation of the turret 8, a cutting-edge reference point Tr of the held tool T is offset to one side with respect to an X-Z plane P which includes the center axis 8a of the turret 8.

(24) Note that the cutting-edge reference point Tr means a site on a tip of the tool T which performs a machining action. In a case of a fixed tool such as a cutting tool, the cutting-edge reference point thereof is a machining-action performing point on a cutting edge thereof. In a case of a rotary tool such as a drill or an end mill, the cutting-edge reference point thereof is a point of intersection of a center axis and a tip thereof. Further, in a case where two or more tools T are held by one tool holder TH, the tools T are held by the tool holder TH such that the cutting-edge reference points Tr of all of them are offset to the one side.

(25) In FIG. 1, a cutting tool as a fixed tool is illustrated. In the case of such a fixed tool, the tool holding position of the tool holder TH can be offset by offsetting a reference surface for tool holding that is set on the tool holder TH to one side from the X-Z plane P. Further, a rotary tool can be attached to the turret 8; in the case of a rotary tool, the state where the cutting-edge reference point of the rotary tool is offset can be achieved in the manners shown in FIGS. 3 to 6, for example.

(26) Note that, similarly to FIG. 1, FIGS. 3 and 5 are side views as viewed from the positive side of the Z-axis; however, the figures of FIGS. 3 and 5 have been rotated so that the X-Z plane P is shown horizontally, and are shown partially in section. The tool rest 7 is omitted from FIGS. 3 and 5. Further, FIG. 4 is a front view as viewed in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 3, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 5.

(27) The tool holder THm shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 holds a rotary tool Tm, such as an end mill, such that the rotary tool Tm extends along the X-axis when the tool holder THm is indexed to the machining position. The tool holder THm is composed of a body 30, a first rotary shaft 33, a second rotary shaft 37, and other components, the body 30 consisting of a first body 31 and a second body 32, and the first and second rotary shafts 33 and 37 being provided in the body 30.

(28) The first rotary shaft 33 has a spur gear 34 and is arranged such that a center axis thereof is positioned in the X-Z plane P and becomes parallel to the X-axis when the tool holder THm is indexed to the machining position, and the first rotary shaft 33 is rotatably supported by bearings 35, 36. Further, when the tool holder THm is indexed to the machining position, an end of the first rotary shaft 33 is connected to a drive shaft 9 that is incorporated in the turret 8, which allows the first rotary shaft 33 to rotate together with the drive shaft 9.

(29) The second rotary shaft 37 has a spur gear 38 that meshes with the spur gear 34, and is arranged parallel to the first rotary shaft 33 at a position offset to one side from the first rotary shaft 33, and the second rotary shaft 37 is rotatably supported by bearings 39, 40. When the tool holder THm is positioned at the machining position, an end portion of the second rotary shaft 37 located on the spindle 4 side is exposed toward the spindle 4 through the body 30. The end portion has an attachment hole formed therein which opens to the spindle 4 side, and the rotary tool Tm is attached to the attachment hole.

(30) Accordingly, with this tool holder THm, a rotational force of the drive shaft 9 is transmitted to the second rotary shaft 37 through the meshing between the spur gears 34 and 38, which causes the rotary tool Tm attached to the second rotary shaft 37 to rotate together with the second rotary shaft 37. Further, the rotary tool Tm is attached to the turret 8 in a state of being offset by a distance L to one side from the X-Z plane P.

(31) On the other hand, the tool holder THm′ shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 holds a rotary tool Tm, such as an end mill, such that the rotary tool Tm extends along the Z-axis when the tool holder THm′ is indexed to the machining position. The tool holder THm′ is composed of a body 50, a first rotary shaft 54, a second rotary shaft 58, a third rotary shaft 63, and other components, the body 50 consisting of a first body 51, a second body 52, and a third body 53, and the first, second, and third rotary shafts 54, 58, and 63 being provided in the body 50.

(32) The first rotary shaft 54 has a spur gear 55 and is arranged such that a center axis thereof is positioned in the X-Z plane P and becomes parallel to the X-axis when the tool holder THm′ is indexed to the machining position, and the first rotary shaft 54 is rotatably supported by bearings 56, 57. Further, when the tool holder THm′ is indexed to the machining position, an end of the first rotary shaft 54 is connected to the drive shaft 9 that is incorporated in the turret 8, which allows the first rotary shaft 54 to rotate together with the drive shaft 9.

(33) The second rotary shaft 58 has a spur gear 59 and a bevel gear 60, the spur gear 59 meshing with the spur gear 55. The second rotary shaft 58 is arranged parallel to the first rotary shaft 54 at a position offset to one side from the first rotary shaft 54, and rotatably supported by bearings 61, 62.

(34) The third rotary shaft 63 is arranged perpendicularly to the second rotary shaft 58, that is, parallel to the Z-axis, and arranged such that an end portion thereof located on the spindle 4 side is exposed toward the spindle 4 through the body 50 when the tool holder THm′ is positioned at the machining position. The end portion has an attachment hole formed therein which opens to the spindle 4 side, and the rotary tool Tm is attached to the attachment hole. Further, the third rotary shaft 63 has a bevel gear 64 that meshes with the bevel gear 60, and is rotatably supported by bearings 65, 66.

(35) Accordingly, with this tool holder THm′, a rotational force of the drive shaft 9 is transmitted to the third rotary shaft 63 through the meshing between the spur gears 55 and 59 and the meshing between the bevel gears 60 and 64, which causes the rotary tool Tm attached to the third rotary shaft 63 to rotate together with the third rotary shaft 63. Further, the rotary tool Tm is attached to the turret 8 in a state of being offset by a distance L′ to one side from the X-Z plane P.

(36) Next, a machining manner using the tool holder TH that has the offset tool holding position is described.

(37) The lathe 1 according to this embodiment having the above-described configuration can perform machining using the tool holder TH as shown in FIG. 1. The tool holder TH holds a tool T such that the cutting-edge reference point Tr of the tool T is offset to a side opposite to the X-axis feed mechanism 5 and the Y′-axis feed mechanism 20, that is, to the negative side of the Y-axis, with respect to the X-Z plane P including the center axis 8a of the turret 8. Note that the tool T is a cutting tool for outer diameter machining.

(38) As shown in FIG. 2, using the tool T offset to the negative side of the Y-axis enables machining a workpiece having a larger diameter, as compared with a case of using a tool T′ held by the conventional tool holder TH′. In FIG. 2, the state where the tool T is held by the tool holder TH in the state of being offset to the negative side of the Y-axis is illustrated by solid lines, and the state where the tool T′ is held by the conventional tool holder TH′, that is, held such that the cutting-edge reference point Tr′ thereof is positioned in the X-Z plane P including the center axis 8a of the turret 8 is illustrated by dashed dotted lines.

(39) As shown in FIG. 2, a maximum allowable workpiece outer diameter D.sub.max for machining using the tool T and a maximum allowable workpiece outer diameter d.sub.max for machining using the tool T′ are respectively determined based on interference relationship between the tool T, T′ and the saddle 6. The maximum allowable workpiece outer diameter D.sub.max for machining using the tool T offset to the negative side of the Y-axis is larger than the maximum allowable workpiece outer diameter d.sub.max for machining using the conventional tool T′ that is not offset.

(40) The reason therefor is as follows. That is, machining a workpiece using the tool T offset to the negative side of the Y-axis requires moving the tool T in the positive Y-axis direction to position the cutting-edge reference point Tr of the tool T within the X-Z plane P that is the machining position. Therefore, it is necessary to move the saddle 6 in the positive Y′-axis direction and move the tool rest 7 in the negative X-axis direction. Moving the saddle 6 in the positive Y′-axis direction for machining, that is, moving the saddle 6 away from the spindle 4 for machining, expands the space between the spindle 4 and the saddle 6, which enables machining a workpiece having a larger diameter.

(41) Further, in the lathe 1 according to this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, a first tool holder TH.sub.1 is attached to the turret 8 and a second tool holder TH.sub.2 and a third tool holder TH.sub.3 are attached to the turret 8 adjacently to the first tool holder TH.sub.1 respectively at both sides of the first tool holder TH.sub.1. Further, as shown in the figures, other appropriate tool holders TH.sub.4 to TH.sub.10 are also attached to the turret 8. Note that FIGS. 7 to 9 show views as viewed in the positive Z-axis direction from the spindle 4 side.

(42) The first tool holder TH.sub.1 holds a tool T.sub.1, which is a cutting tool for outer diameter machining, such that a cutting-edge reference point Tr.sub.1 of the tool T.sub.1 is positioned in the X-Z plane P including the center axis 8a of the turret 8 when the tool T.sub.1 is indexed to the machining position. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the second tool holder TH.sub.2 holds a tool T.sub.2, which is a rotary tool, such that a cutting-edge reference point Tr.sub.2 of the tool T.sub.2 is offset by a distance L.sub.2 in the negative Y-axis direction from the X-Z plane P, in other words, in a direction away from the first tool T.sub.1, when the tool T.sub.2 is indexed to the machining position. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 8, the third tool holder TH.sub.3 holds a tool T.sub.3, which is also a rotary tool, such that a cutting-edge reference point Tr.sub.3 of the tool T.sub.3 is offset by a distance L.sub.3 in the positive Y-axis direction from the X-Z plane P, in other words, in a direction away from the tool T.sub.1, when the tool T.sub.3 is indexed to the machining position.

(43) In the thus-implemented lathe 1, as shown in FIG. 9, when the tool T.sub.1 held by the tool holder TH.sub.1 (first tool) is indexed to the machining position, the tool T.sub.2 held by the second tool TH.sub.2 (second tool) and the tool T.sub.3 held by the third tool holder TH.sub.3 (third tool) are positioned such that the cutting-edge reference points Tr.sub.2 and Tr.sub.3 thereof are distant in their respective offset directions from the machining position of the first tool T.sub.1, as compared with a case where the second and third tools T.sub.2 and T.sub.3 are held by the conventional tool holders. In FIG. 9, the state where the second tool T.sub.2 and the third tool T.sub.3 are respectively held in the offset state by the second tool holder TH.sub.2 and the third tool holder TH.sub.3 is illustrated by solid lines, and a state where a second tool T.sub.2′ and a third tool T.sub.3′ are respectively held by a second holder TH.sub.2′ and a third tool holder TH.sub.3′ which have the conventional configuration, that is, held such that a cutting-edge reference point Tr.sub.2′, Tr.sub.3′ thereof is positioned in the X-Z plane P, is illustrated by dashed dotted lines.

(44) Thus, when the first tool T.sub.1 is indexed to the machining position for machining, the second and third tools T.sub.2 and T.sub.3 adjacent to the first tool T.sub.1 at both sides of the first tool T.sub.1 are more distant from the first tool T.sub.1 than the second and third tools T.sub.2′ and T.sub.3′ held by the second and third tool holders TH.sub.2′ and TH.sub.3′ having the conventional configuration. Therefore, a maximum allowable workpiece outer diameter for machining using the first tool T.sub.1 is larger than in the case where the second and third tool holders TH.sub.2′ and TH.sub.3′ having the conventional configuration are used.

(45) As shown in FIG. 9, the maximum allowable workpiece outer diameter for machining using the first tool T.sub.1 is determined based on interference relationship between the workpiece and the second and third tools T.sub.2 and T.sub.3; therefore, a maximum allowable workpiece outer diameter D′.sub.max in the case of the second and third tools T.sub.2 and T.sub.3 offset to be distant from the first tool T.sub.1 is larger than a maximum allowable workpiece outer diameter d′.sub.max in the case of the second and third tools T.sub.2′ and T.sub.3′ held by the second and third tool holders TH.sub.2′ and TH.sub.3′ having the conventional configuration.

(46) Thus, using the second tool holder TH.sub.2 and the third tool holder TH.sub.3 enables machining a workpiece having a larger diameter, which makes it possible to bring out inherent machining ability of the lathe 1, and thereby enables efficient operation of the lathe 1.

(47) Hereinbefore, a specific embodiment of the present disclosure has been described. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto and can be implemented in other manners.

(48) For example, although the lathe 1 in the above embodiment is configured to provide feeding in the Y-axis direction by combining feeding in the Y′-axis direction with feeding in the X-axis direction, the prevent disclosure is not limited to such a configuration and the lathe 1 may be configured to feed the turret 8 directly in the Y-axis direction by providing a Y-axis feed mechanism thereon. Further, if feeding in the Y-axis direction is not needed, it is not necessary to provide a feed mechanism with respect to the Y-axis.

(49) Further, as a matter of course, the number of tool holders provided for holding tools in the offset manner is not limited to the above-mentioned number; an appropriate number of tool holders can be attached to the lathe.

(50) Further, although the above embodiment employs, as an example, a specially designed tool holder for holding a tool in the offset manner, the present disclosure is not limited thereto and a configuration is possible in which the conventionally configured tool holder is used and the position of attachment of the tool holder to the turret is changed so as to attach the tool holder to the turret such that a cutting-edge reference point of the held tool is offset to one side with respect to the X-Z plane including the center axis of the turret.