A PRODUCT COATED WITH AN AQUEOUS OR POWDER COATING COMPOSITION COMPRISING AN ACRYLIC POLYESTER RESIN

Abstract

There is disclosed a product coated on at least a portion thereof with a coating. The product may comprise an automotive product, a household or office appliance, furniture item or tool, a powered industrial product, an architectural product or a product protected by an intumescent coating. The coating may be derived from an aqueous coating composition or a powder coating composition and may comprise an acrylic polyester resin, obtainable by grafting an acrylic polymer with a polyester material, the polyester material being obtainable by polymerizing a polyacid component, with a defined polyol component. Also disclosed are methods of application, and uses.

Claims

1. A product coated on at least a portion thereof with a coating, the product being an automotive product, a household or office appliance, furniture item or tool, a powered industrial product, a consumer electronics article, an architectural product or a product protected by an intumescent coating, the coating being derived from an aqueous coating composition or a powder coating composition, the coating composition comprising: (a) an acrylic polyester resin, obtainable by grafting an acrylic polymer with a polyester material, the polyester material being obtainable by polymerizing: a polyacid component, with a polyol component wherein the polyacid component and/or the polyol component comprises a Tg enhancing monomer comprising: (i) an optionally substituted naphthalene group-containing polyacid or polyol, or hydrogenated derivative thereof; (ii) a polyacid or polyol comprising two optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered cyclic groups, wherein the cyclic groups do not share an atom, and wherein the cyclic groups are directly bonded or are separated by one carbon atom; (iii) an optionally substituted furan group-containing polyacid or polyol; (iv) an optionally substituted fused bicyclic group-containing polyacid or polyol, wherein each ring is a five membered ring and in which one or both rings may comprise a heteroatom in the ring; (v) an optionally substituted bridged tricyclodecane group-containing polyacid or polyol; (vi) an optionally substituted bridged norbornene-group containing polyacid or polyol, or hydrogenated derivative thereof; (vii) an optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered cycloalkyl or aromatic group-containing polyacid or polyol; and/or (viii) a branched alkyl group-containing polyacid or polyol monomer wherein the monomer comprises at least one quaternary carbon atom and is formed of from 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and wherein the carbon atoms bonded to the acid or hydroxyl groups are primary carbon atoms; (ix) an optionally substituted tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane-group containing polyacid or polyol; and/or (x) a diol according to formula (I) ##STR00022## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represent a hydrogen radical, a lower alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein at least one of R.sub.1 or R.sub.2 is a lower alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each independently represent a lower alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, (xi) an aliphatic polyacid or polyol monomer wherein the monomer comprises a tetracyclic hydrocarbon ring structure; wherein one of the polyacid component or the polyol component comprises a functional monomer operable to impart functionality on to the polyester resin, such that an acrylic polymer may be grafted with the polyester material via the use of said functionality; (b) a crosslinking material.

2. A method of coating at least a portion of a product selected from an automotive product, a household or office appliance, furniture item or tool, a powered industrial product, a consumer electronics article, an architectural product or a product protected by an intumescent coating, the method comprising applying a coating composition to at least a portion of the surface of the product, the coating composition comprising an aqueous coating composition or a powder coating composition, the coating composition comprising an acrylic modified polyester resin and a crosslinking material, the acrylic modified polyester resin being obtainable by grafting an acrylic polymer onto a polyester material, the polyester material being obtainable by polymerizing: a polyacid component, with a polyol component wherein the polyacid component and/or the polyol component comprises a Tg enhancing monomer comprising: (i) an optionally substituted naphthalene group-containing polyacid or polyol, or hydrogenated derivative thereof; (ii) a polyacid or polyol comprising two optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered cyclic groups, wherein the cyclic groups do not share an atom, and wherein the cyclic groups are directly bonded or are separated by one carbon atom; (iii) an optionally substituted furan group-containing polyacid or polyol; (iv) an optionally substituted fused bicyclic group-containing polyacid or polyol, wherein each ring is a five membered ring and in which one or both rings may comprise a heteroatom in the ring; (v) an optionally substituted bridged tricyclodecane group-containing polyacid or polyol; (vi) an optionally substituted bridged norbornene-group containing polyacid or polyol, or hydrogenated derivative thereof; (vii) an optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered cycloalkyl or aromatic group-containing polyacid or polyol; and/or (viii) a branched alkyl group-containing polyacid or polyol monomer wherein the monomer comprises at least one quaternary carbon atom and is formed of from 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and wherein the carbon atoms bonded to the acid or hydroxyl groups are primary carbon atoms; (ix) an optionally substituted tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane-group containing polyacid or polyol; and/or (x) a diol according to formula (I) ##STR00023## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represent a hydrogen radical, a lower alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein at least one of R.sub.1 or R.sub.2 is a lower alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each independently represent a lower alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, (xi) an aliphatic polyacid or polyol monomer wherein the monomer comprises a tetracyclic hydrocarbon ring structure; wherein one of the polyacid component or the polyol component comprises a functional monomer operable to impart functionality on to the polyester resin, such that an acrylic polymer may be grafted with the polyester material via the use of said functionality; and curing the aqueous or powder composition to form a coating.

3. Use of a coating composition comprising an aqueous composition or a powder composition comprising an acrylic modified polyester resin and a crosslinking material, the acrylic modified polyester resin being obtainable by grafting an acrylic polymer onto a polyester material, the polyester material being obtainable by polymerizing: a polyacid component, with a polyol component wherein the polyacid component and/or the polyol component comprises a Tg enhancing monomer comprising: (i) an optionally substituted naphthalene group-containing polyacid or polyol, or hydrogenated derivative thereof; (ii) a polyacid or polyol comprising two optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered cyclic groups, wherein the cyclic groups do not share an atom, and wherein the cyclic groups are directly bonded or are separated by one carbon atom; (iii) an optionally substituted furan group-containing polyacid or polyol; (iv) an optionally substituted fused bicyclic group-containing polyacid or polyol, wherein each ring is a five membered ring and in which one or both rings may comprise a heteroatom in the ring; (v) an optionally substituted bridged tricyclodecane group-containing polyacid or polyol; (vi) an optionally substituted bridged norbornene-group containing polyacid or polyol, or hydrogenated derivative thereof; (vii) an optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered cycloalkyl or aromatic group-containing polyacid or polyol; and/or (viii) a branched alkyl group-containing polyacid or polyol monomer wherein the monomer comprises at least one quaternary carbon atom and is formed of from 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and wherein the carbon atoms bonded to the acid or hydroxyl groups are primary carbon atoms; (ix) an optionally substituted tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane-group containing polyacid or polyol; and/or (x) a diol according to formula (I) ##STR00024## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represent a hydrogen radical, a lower alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein at least one of R.sub.1 or R.sub.2 is a lower alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each independently represent a lower alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, (xi) an aliphatic polyacid or polyol monomer wherein the monomer comprises a tetracyclic hydrocarbon ring structure; wherein one of the polyacid component or the polyol component comprises a functional monomer operable to impart functionality on to the polyester resin, such that an acrylic polymer may be grafted with the polyester material via the use of said functionality; to coat at least a portion of the surface of a product selected from an automotive product, a household or office appliance, furniture item or tool, a powered industrial product, a consumer electronics article, an architectural product or a product protected by an intumescent coating.

4. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the functional monomer comprises an ethylenically unsaturated monomer.

5. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the functional monomer comprises: maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic anhydride, itaconic acid, citraconic anhydride, citraconic acid, aconitic acid, aconitic anhydride, oxalocitraconic acid, oxalocitraconic anhydride, mesaconic acid, mesaconic anhydride, phenyl maleic acid, phenyl maleic anhydride, t-butyl maleic acid, t-butyl maleic anhydride, monomethyl fumarate, monobutyl fumarate, nadic acid, nadic anhydride, methyl maleic acid, and/or methyl maleic anhydride.

6. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the polyacid component comprises: dimethyl terephthalate, isophthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, and/or cyclohexane 1,4-dicarboxylic acid.

7. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the polyol component comprises 2-methyl-1,3 propanediol and/or cyclohexanedimethanol.

8. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the polyacid component and/or the polyol component comprises a sulfonated monomer.

9. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the sulfonated monomer comprises: 5-(sodiosulfo)-isophthalic acid, dimethyl 5-(sodiosulfo)isophalate, 5-(lithiosulfo)isophthalic acid, and/or bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-(sodiosulfo)isophthalate.

10. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the polyester material comprises an Mn from 1,000 Daltons (Da=g/mole) to 15,000 Da.

11. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the acrylic polyester resin is formed from the polyester material and an acrylic modification polymer in a weight ratio from 85 wt % to 55 wt % polyester material to from 45 wt % to 15 wt % acrylic modification polymer.

12. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein an acrylic modification polymer is polymerized in the presence of the polyester material to form an acrylic modified polyester resin.

13. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the acrylic modification polymer is formed from the following monomers: methyl(meth)acrylate, ethyl(meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, isobornyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl(meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid; cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, allyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate. butylamino ethyl (meth)acrylate, and/or HEMA phosphate (such as ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate).

14. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the crosslinking material comprises a phenolic resin; benzoguanamine; and/or melamine.

15. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the coating composition is substantially free of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF) and derivatives thereof.

16. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the coating composition is substantially free of styrene.

17. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the coating composition is substantially free of formaldehyde.

18. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the coating composition further comprises an adhesion promoter.

19. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the adhesion promotor comprises an acidic polyester material.

20. A product, method or use according to claim 19 wherein the acidic polyester generally comprises the reaction product of: (a) a polyester having an Mn of 2000 to 10,000, a hydroxyl number of 20 to 75, and an acid value of 15 to 25; the polyester being a polycondensate of: (i) a polyol component comprising a mixture of diols and triols, (ii) a polyacid component comprising an alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated polycarboxylic acid, and (b) a phosphorus acid.

21. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the polyester material has a Tg of 25 C or higher.

22. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein acrylic polyester resin has a Tg of 25 C or higher.

23. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the coating formed from the coating composition has a Tg of 25 C or higher.

24. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the product is an automotive product which is a part of an aircraft, spacecraft, watercraft, or ground vehicle, the part being selected from vehicular doors, body panels, trunk deck lids, roof panels, hoods, roofs, stringers, rivets, wheels, landing gear components, skins used on an aircraft), hulls, marine superstructures, vehicular frames, chassis, engine parts, motorcycle fairings and fuel tanks, fuel tank surfaces and other vehicular surfaces exposed to or potentially exposed to fuels, aerospace solvents and aerospace hydraulic fluids.

25. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the vehicle is an airplane, a car, a truck, a bus, a tractor or a ship.

26. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the household or office appliance, furniture item or tool is a fabric washer, dishwasher, dryer, refrigerator, cupboard or desk.

27. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the powered industrial product is a pump, air compressors, heat pump or air conditioner.

28. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the consumer electronics article is a computer, television, cellphone, or camera.

29. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the architectural product is a door, window, door frame, window frame, beam or support, or a panel, walling item or roofing item used in building construction, or a solar panel.

30. A product, method or use according to any of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the product is protected by an intumescent coating, and is a metallic structure onto which the intumescent coating is applied, wherein the intumescent coating composition incorporates the acrylic polyester resin into the matrix of the intumescent material prior to its coating onto a metallic structure to be protected.

Description

EXAMPLES

Acrylic Modified Polyester Resins-13 Examples 1-8

[0320] The details of polyester examples 1 to 4 are shown in Table 1. Each of examples 1 to 4 shows unsaturated, hydroxyl functional polyesters with TMPD.

[0321] The polyester materials of examples 1 to 4 are formed as follows. The 2-methyl-1,3 propanediol/cyclohexanedimethanol, TMPD, IPA, dibutyl tin oxide, dimethyl terephthalate, hexahydrophthalic anhydride/cyclohexane 1,4-dicarboxylic acid are added as a batch to a vessel with a steam column, distillation head and condenser. The batch temperature is increased to 150° C. with stirring at 400 rpm under an N.sub.2 blanket. Once the temperature reaches 150° C., the batch temperature is increased to 230° C. over a 4 hour period (10° C. steps every 30 minutes), whilst ensuring that the head temperature is below 100° C.

[0322] Once the batch reaches 230° C., the acid value is assessed every hour. When the acid value is less than 20, the batch is cooled to 130° C. and methyl hydroquinone is added where applicable, then after 10 minutes, the maleic anhydride is added, where applicable, and the batch temperature increased to 195° C. until the desired acid value is reached. The batch is then cooled to 150° C. and azeotropically separated using a Dean Stark trap.

[0323] The polyester materials of examples 1 to 4 then undergo a grafting process to graft acrylic onto the unsaturated functionality of the backbone of the polyester (imparted by the maleic anhydride) to form acrylic modified polyester resins 1 to 8. Details of the monomers used in the acrylic graft reaction are shown in Table 2.

[0324] The acrylic modified polyester resins were formed as follows.

[0325] The polyester material (one of Examples 1 to 4) of charge #1 is added to a vessel with mixing at 225rpm to a homogeneous mixture and heated to 120° C. Once at 120° C., the acrylate monomers of charge #2 are added over a period of 60 minutes. 10 minutes after adding charge #2, charge #3 was added over 40 minutes. Charge #4 was then added and the temperature increased to 120° C. with stirring increased to 350rpm. Once the mixture was homogeneous charge #5 was added over 60 minutes. 10 minutes after starting the addition of charge#5, charge #6 was added over 40 minutes. Charge #7 is then added over 5 minutes and the temperature held at 120° C. for 30 minutes with stirring increased to 425rpm. Charge #8 was added over 5 minutes and the reaction temperature held at 120° C. for 30 minutes. Charge #9 was then added and stirred for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was then cooled to <80° C.

[0326] The acrylic modified polyester resins are formed into aqueous dispersions with the components as shown in Table 3.

[0327] The acrylic modified polyester resins are formed into aqueous dispersions by heating the resin to 85° C. under an N.sub.2 blanket. The DMEA is then added with stirring over 15 minutes. Deionized water is then added over 60 minutes and the temperature is kept to <80° C., after which the reaction mixture is stirred for 30 minutes and then cooled.

[0328] The aqueous dispersions are formed into aqueous coating compositions with components as shown in Table 4, as follows. The crosslinking material (Cymel 1123—benzoguanamine, commercially available from Allnex), blocked DDBSA catalyst (Nacure 5925, commercially available from King) and wax additive (Michem Lube 160, commercially available from Michelman) are stirred into the water dispersed PGA dispersion to form an aqueous coating composition suitable for use as a coating composition on an automotive product, a household or office appliance, furniture item or tool, a powered industrial product or a product protected by an intumescent coating, as described in this specification.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Material name 2-methyl- 339.5 339.5 1,3-propanediol Cyclohexane- 542.5 542.5 dimethanol TMPD 550.4 550.4 550.4 550.4 IPA 167.8 167.8 167.8 167.8 Dibutyl tin oxide 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 Diemethyl 669.4 1028.1 651.9 1006.3 terephthalate Hexahydrophthalic 332.5 332.5 anhydride Cyclohexane- 689.5 689.5 1,4-dicarboxylic acid Maleic anhydride 65.6 65.6 70.0 70.0 MeHQ 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 Aromatic 100 269.6 269.6 269.6 69.6 Dowanol DPM 1312.5 1312.5 1312.5 1312.5 Calculated Properties Initial weight 2483.52 2485.27 2673.39 2670.77 Theoretical water loss 280.31 421.48 277.87 238.22 Final resin weight 2203.21 2243.79 2395.53 2432.55 Total (inc solvents) 3785.30 3825.88 3977.61 4014.63 Approx Mn 5,248 5,341 5,208 5,039 OH equivalent excess 0.84 0.84 0.92 0.97

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Resin 1 Resin 2 Resin 3 Resin 4 Resin 5 Resin 6 Resin 7 Resin 8 Charge #1 Polyester material of example 1 138.69 166.22 Charge #4 Polyester material of example 2 138.69 166.22 Polyester material of example 3 138.69 166.22 Polyester material of example 4 138.69 166.22 Methacrylic acid 9.84 9.84 9.84 9.84 4.89 4.89 4.89 4.89 Charge #2 Ethyl methacrylate 9.02 9.02 9.02 9.02 4.48 4.48 4.48 4.48 Charge #5 Methyl methacrylate 9.02 9.02 9.02 9.02 4.48 4.48 4.48 4.48 Hydroxyethyl methacrylate 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 2.44 2.44 2.44 2.44 SEK-534 8.85 8.85 8.85 8.85 8.85 8.85 8.85 8.85 Charge #3 tBuP0c-100% 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.77 Charge #6 SEK-534 8.85 8.85 8.85 8.85 5.90 5.90 5.90 5.90 tBuP0c-100% 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 SEK-534 5.90 5.90 5.90 5.90 5.90 5.90 5.90 5.90 Charge #7 tBuP0c-100% 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 Charge #8 SEK-534 5.90 5.90 5.90 5.90 5.90 5.90 5.90 5.90 tBuP0c-100% 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 Charge #9 SEK-534 22 22 22 22 0 0 0 0 Calculated Properties Total 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 Final % solids 59.00 59.00 59.00 59.00 59.00 59.00 59.00 59.00 % polyester 70.52 70.52 70.52 70.52 70.52 70.52 70.52 70.52 % acrylic 27.81 27.81 27.81 27.81 27.81 27.81 27.81 27.81 % initiator 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Aq. Aq. Aq. Aq. Aq. Aq. Aq. Aq. dispersion dispersion dispersion dispersion dispersion dispersion dispersion dispersion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Resin 1 300.00 Resin 2 300.00 Resin 3 300.00 Resin 4 300.00 Resin 5 300.00 Resin 6 300.00 Resin 7 300.00 Resin 8 300.00 Dimethylethanolamine 6.86 6.86 6.86 6.86 6.86 6.86 6.86 6.86 Deionised water 158.93 158.93 158.93 158.93 158.93 158.93 158.93 158.93 Calculated Properties Total 465.79 465.79 465.79 465.79 465.79 465.79 465.79 465.79 Final % solids 38.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 Acid value (on 59% 15.93 15.93 15.93 15.93 30.3 30.3 30.3 30.3 solids)

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Aq. Aq. Aq. Aq. Aq. Aq. Aq. Aq. Coating 1 Coating 2 Coating 3 Coating 4 Coating 5 Coating 6 Coating 7 Coating 8 Aq. dispersion 1 79.5 wt % Aq. dispersion 2 79.5 wt % Aq. dispersion 3 79.5 wt % Aq. dispersion 4 79.5 wt % Aq. dispersion 5 79.5 wt % Aq. dispersion 6 79.5 wt % Aq. dispersion 7 79.5 wt % Aq. dispersion 8 79.5 wt % Cymel 1123 20.00 wt % 20.00 wt % 20.00 wt % 20.00 wt % 20.00 wt % 20.00 wt % 20.00 wt % 20.00 wt % (benzoguanamine) Nacure 5925 (blocked 0.1 wt % 0.1 wt % 0.1 wt % 0.1 wt % 0.1 wt % 0.1 wt % 0.1 wt % 0.1 wt % DDBSA) Michem Lube 160 (wax) .4 wt % 0.4 wt % 0.4 wt % 0.4 wt % 0.4 wt % 0.4 wt % 0.4 wt % 0.4 wt %

[0329] Certain aspects of the invention may be combined in the following combinations. [0330] 1. A product coated on at least a portion thereof with a coating, the product being an automotive product, a household or office appliance, furniture item or tool, a powered industrial product, a consumer electronics article, an architectural product or a product protected by an intumescent coating, the coating being derived from an aqueous coating composition or a powder coating composition, the coating composition comprising: [0331] (a) an acrylic polyester resin, obtainable by grafting an acrylic polymer with a polyester material, the polyester material being obtainable by polymerizing: [0332] a polyacid component, with [0333] a polyol component [0334] wherein the polyacid component and/or the polyol component comprises a Tg enhancing monomer comprising: [0335] (i) an optionally substituted naphthalene group-containing polyacid or polyol, or hydrogenated derivative thereof; [0336] (ii) a polyacid or polyol comprising two optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered cyclic groups, wherein the cyclic groups do not share an atom, and wherein the cyclic groups are directly bonded or are separated by one carbon atom; [0337] (iii) an optionally substituted furan group-containing polyacid or polyol; [0338] (iv) an optionally substituted fused bicyclic group-containing polyacid or polyol, wherein each ring is a five membered ring and in which one or both rings may comprise a heteroatom in the ring; [0339] (v) an optionally substituted bridged tricyclodecane group-containing polyacid or polyol; [0340] (vi) an optionally substituted bridged norbornene-group containing polyacid or polyol, or hydrogenated derivative thereof; [0341] (vii) an optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered cycloalkyl or aromatic group-containing polyacid or polyol; and/or [0342] (viii) a branched alkyl group-containing polyacid or polyol monomer wherein the monomer comprises at least one quaternary carbon atom and is formed of from 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and wherein the carbon atoms bonded to the acid or hydroxyl groups are primary carbon atoms; [0343] (ix) an optionally substituted tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane-group containing polyacid or polyol; and/or [0344] (x) a diol according to formula (I)

##STR00019## [0345] wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represent a hydrogen radical, a lower alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein at least one of R.sub.1 or R.sub.2 is a lower alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each independently represent a lower alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, [0346] (xi) an aliphatic polyacid or polyol monomer wherein the monomer comprises a tetracyclic hydrocarbon ring structure; [0347] wherein one of the polyacid component or the polyol component comprises a functional monomer operable to impart functionality on to the polyester resin, such that an acrylic polymer may be grafted with the polyester material via the use of said functionality; [0348] (b) a crosslinking material. [0349] 2. A method of coating at least a portion of a product selected from an automotive product, a household or office appliance, furniture item or tool, a powered industrial product, a consumer electronics article, an architectural product or a product protected by an intumescent coating, the method comprising applying a coating composition to at least a portion of the surface of the product, the coating composition comprising an aqueous coating composition or a powder coating composition, the coating composition comprising an acrylic modified polyester resin and a crosslinking material, the acrylic modified polyester resin being obtainable by grafting an acrylic polymer onto a polyester material, the polyester material being obtainable by polymerizing: [0350] a polyacid component, with [0351] a polyol component [0352] wherein the polyacid component and/or the polyol component comprises a Tg enhancing monomer comprising: [0353] (i) an optionally substituted naphthalene group-containing polyacid or polyol, or hydrogenated derivative thereof; [0354] (ii) a polyacid or polyol comprising two optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered cyclic groups, wherein the cyclic groups do not share an atom, and wherein the cyclic groups are directly bonded or are separated by one carbon atom; [0355] (iii) an optionally substituted furan group-containing polyacid or polyol; [0356] (iv) an optionally substituted fused bicyclic group-containing polyacid or polyol, wherein each ring is a five membered ring and in which one or both rings may comprise a heteroatom in the ring; [0357] (v) an optionally substituted bridged tricyclodecane group-containing polyacid or polyol; [0358] (vi) an optionally substituted bridged norbornene-group containing polyacid or polyol, or hydrogenated derivative thereof; [0359] (vii) an optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered cycloalkyl or aromatic group-containing polyacid or polyol; and/or [0360] (viii) a branched alkyl group-containing polyacid or polyol monomer wherein the monomer comprises at least one quaternary carbon atom and is formed of from 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and wherein the carbon atoms bonded to the acid or hydroxyl groups are primary carbon atoms; [0361] (ix) an optionally substituted tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane-group containing polyacid or polyol; and/or [0362] (x) a diol according to formula (I)

##STR00020## [0363] wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represent a hydrogen radical, a lower alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein at least one of R.sub.1 or R.sub.2 is a lower alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each independently represent a lower alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, [0364] (xi) an aliphatic polyacid or polyol monomer wherein the monomer comprises a tetracyclic hydrocarbon ring structure; [0365] wherein one of the polyacid component or the polyol component comprises a functional monomer operable to impart functionality on to the polyester resin, such that an acrylic polymer may be grafted with the polyester material via the use of said functionality; [0366] and curing the aqueous or powder composition to form a coating. [0367] 3. Use of a coating composition comprising an aqueous composition or a powder composition comprising an acrylic modified polyester resin and a crosslinking material, the acrylic modified polyester resin being obtainable by grafting an acrylic polymer onto a polyester material, the polyester material being obtainable by polymerizing: [0368] a polyacid component, with [0369] a polyol component [0370] wherein the polyacid component and/or the polyol component comprises a Tg enhancing monomer comprising: [0371] (i) an optionally substituted naphthalene group-containing polyacid or polyol, or hydrogenated derivative thereof; [0372] (ii) a polyacid or polyol comprising two optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered cyclic groups, wherein the cyclic groups do not share an atom, and wherein the cyclic groups are directly bonded or are separated by one carbon atom; [0373] (iii) an optionally substituted furan group-containing polyacid or polyol; [0374] (iv) an optionally substituted fused bicyclic group-containing polyacid or polyol, wherein each ring is a five membered ring and in which one or both rings may comprise a heteroatom in the ring; [0375] (v) an optionally substituted bridged tricyclodecane group-containing polyacid or polyol; [0376] (vi) an optionally substituted bridged norbornene-group containing polyacid or polyol, or hydrogenated derivative thereof; [0377] (vii) an optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered cycloalkyl or aromatic group-containing polyacid or polyol; and/or [0378] (viii) a branched alkyl group-containing polyacid or polyol monomer wherein the monomer comprises at least one quaternary carbon atom and is formed of from 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and wherein the carbon atoms bonded to the acid or hydroxyl groups are primary carbon atoms; [0379] (ix) an optionally substituted tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane-group containing polyacid or polyol; and/or [0380] (x) a diol according to formula (I)

##STR00021## [0381] wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represent a hydrogen radical, a lower alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein at least one of R.sub.1 or R.sub.2 is a lower alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each independently represent a lower alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, [0382] (xi) an aliphatic polyacid or polyol monomer wherein the monomer comprises a tetracyclic hydrocarbon ring structure; [0383] wherein one of the polyacid component or the polyol component comprises a functional monomer operable to impart functionality on to the polyester resin, such that an acrylic polymer may be grafted with the polyester material via the use of said functionality; [0384] to coat at least a portion of the surface of a product selected from an automotive product, a household or office appliance, furniture item or tool, a powered industrial product, a consumer electronics article, an architectural product or a product protected by an intumescent coating. [0385] 4. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the functional monomer comprises an ethylenically unsaturated monomer. [0386] 5. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the functional monomer comprises: maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic anhydride, itaconic acid, citraconic anhydride, citraconic acid, aconitic acid, aconitic anhydride, oxalocitraconic acid, oxalocitraconic anhydride, mesaconic acid, mesaconic anhydride, phenyl maleic acid, phenyl maleic anhydride, t-butyl maleic acid, t-butyl maleic anhydride, monomethyl fumarate, monobutyl fumarate, nadic acid, nadic anhydride, methyl maleic acid, and/or methyl maleic anhydride. [0387] 6. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the polyacid component comprises: dimethyl terephthalate, isophthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, and/or cyclohexane 1,4-dicarboxylic acid. [0388] 7. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the polyol component comprises 2-methyl-1,3 propanediol and/or cyclohexanedimethanol. [0389] 8. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the polyacid component and/or the polyol component comprises a sulfonated monomer. [0390] 9. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the sulfonated monomer comprises: 5-(sodiosulfo)-isophthalic acid, dimethyl 5-(sodiosulfo)isophalate, 5-(lithiosulfo)isophthalic acid, and/or bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-(sodiosulfo)isophthalate. [0391] 10. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the polyester material comprises an Mn from 1,000 Daltons (Da=g/mole) to 15,000 Da. [0392] 11. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the acrylic polyester resin is formed from the polyester material and an acrylic modification polymer in a weight ratio from 85 wt % to 55 wt % polyester material to from 45 wt % to 15 wt % acrylic modification polymer. [0393] 12. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein an acrylic modification polymer is polymerized in the presence of the polyester material to form an acrylic modified polyester resin. [0394] 13. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the acrylic modification polymer is formed from the following monomers: methyl(meth)acrylate, ethyl(meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, isobornyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl(meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid; cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, allyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate. butylamino ethyl (meth)acrylate, and/or HEMA phosphate (such as ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate). [0395] 14. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the crosslinking material comprises a phenolic resin; benzoguanamine; and/or melamine. [0396] 15. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the coating composition is substantially free of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF) and derivatives thereof. [0397] 16. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the coating composition is substantially free of styrene. [0398] 17. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the coating composition is substantially free of formaldehyde. [0399] 18. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the coating composition further comprises an adhesion promoter. [0400] 19. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the adhesion promotor comprises an acidic polyester material. [0401] 20. A product, method or use according to aspect 19 wherein the acidic polyester generally comprises the reaction product of: [0402] (a) a polyester having an Mn of 2000 to 10,000, a hydroxyl number of 20 to 75, and an acid value of 15 to 25; the polyester being a polycondensate of: [0403] (i) a polyol component comprising a mixture of diols and triols, [0404] (ii) a polyacid component comprising an alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated polycarboxylic acid, [0405] and [0406] (b) a phosphorus acid. [0407] 21. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the polyester material has a Tg of 25 C or higher. [0408] 22. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein acrylic polyester resin has a Tg of 25 C or higher. [0409] 23. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the coating formed from the coating composition has a Tg of 25 C or higher. [0410] 24. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the product is an automotive product which is a part of an aircraft, spacecraft, watercraft, or ground vehicle, the part being selected from vehicular doors, body panels, trunk deck lids, roof panels, hoods, roofs, stringers, rivets, wheels, landing gear components, skins used on an aircraft), hulls, marine superstructures, vehicular frames, chassis, engine parts, motorcycle fairings and fuel tanks, fuel tank surfaces and other vehicular surfaces exposed to or potentially exposed to fuels, aerospace solvents and aerospace hydraulic fluids. [0411] 25. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the vehicle is an airplane, a car, a truck, a bus, a tractor or a ship. [0412] 26. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the household or office appliance, furniture item or tool is a fabric washer, dishwasher, dryer, refrigerator, cupboard or desk. [0413] 27. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the powered industrial product is a pump, air compressors, heat pump or air conditioner. [0414] 28. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the consumer electronics article is a computer, television, cellphone, or camera. [0415] 29. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the architectural product is a door, window, door frame, window frame, beam or support, or a panel, walling item or roofing item used in building construction, or a solar panel. [0416] 30. A product, method or use according to any preceding aspect, wherein the product is protected by an intumescent coating, and is a metallic structure onto which the intumescent coating is applied, wherein the intumescent coating composition incorporates the acrylic polyester resin into the matrix of the intumescent material prior to its coating onto a metallic structure to be protected.