Side loaded remediation method and apparatus for reinforced concrete pilings

Abstract

A method of rehabbing reinforced concrete pilings while in service and without the requirement to demo or otherwise gain access over the ends of an existing column. Design adopts modern environmentally responsible fiber reinforced polymer rebar and other FRP stirrups uniquely shaped into spiral sections requiring only side access for placement, designed to permanently encase the piling with a totally non-rusting non-metal reinforcement lateral containment cage featuring preformed circumference stirrups that mechanically interlock vertically and lateral adjustability to control density. The spiral stirrups extending fully 360-degrees around an existing piling with an additional overlap of at least 45 degrees.

Claims

1. A method of rehabbing a steel reinforced concrete aka (RC) piling comprising the steps of: cutting a plurality of FRP longitudinal rebars to a predetermined length and vertically position and loosely secure with just a simple tie around the concrete piling to be rehabbed; create a new or remediate an existing piling using a plurality of preformed FRP wraps, position the first piece of a set of preformed FRP spiral stirrups to form a full 360 degree lateral containment cage each with a male and female end, beginning with male end down, said FRP wraps are placed with each providing an uncut continuous circumference wrap of at least 360 degrees with overlap covering up to 450 degrees around the existing pile and rotating said spiral wrap to a have a parallel alignment with the piling and roughly aligning notches of each FRP spiral to position and evenly space apart the longitudinal FRP rebar loosely tied in step one; vertically positioning said first preformed spiral and tying each longitudinal FRP rebar to the alignment notches preformed into said spiral FRP wrap; continue adding lateral containment spiral sections as required to achieve the desired density of stirrup containment then continue in linear directions by connecting male/female insertion end spaced apart from a receptacle end assemble wrap end to end to placed and overlapped to straddle around the longitudinal rebar at a position at the center of each splice wherein said longitudinal rebar is constructed an arranged to operate as a joint locking pin; placing a two-piece form constructed of plastic around said FRP longitudinal rebars and said FRP wraps; and filling said form with liquid concrete and allowing said liquid concrete to solidify.

2. The method of rehabbing a concrete steel reinforced piling according to claim 1, wherein said longitudinal rebars are selected from #3-10 mm through #8-25 mm diameter rebar providing a fully scalable system to any achievable FRP rebar diameters.

3. The method of rehabbing a concrete steel reinforced piling according to claim 1, wherein each said FRP longitudinal rebar is of predetermined length calculated between a first end, where said piling is embedded into the earth, to a second end extending above anticipated high tide level.

4. The method of rehabbing a concrete steel reinforced piling according to claim 1, wherein each said FRP longitudinal bar is formed from a bundle of fibrous material admixed with a thermosetting polymer selected from the group consisting of urethane, polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, phenolic, polyimide, polyamide, polypropylene, PEEK, methacrylate, with or without graphene and or Nano enhancement or a combination thereof.

5. The method of rehabbing a concrete steel reinforced piling according to claim 4, wherein each said bundle of fibrous material is selected from the group comprising: basalt, GFRP, CFRP, AFRP or HFRP.

6. The method of rehabbing a concrete steel reinforced piling according to claim 1, wherein each said FRP wrap is formed from a bundle of fibrous material containing fibers admixed with a thermosetting polymer selected from the group consisting of urethane, polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, phenolic, polyimide, polyamide, polypropylene, PEEK, methacrylate, with or without graphene and or Nano enhancement or a combination thereof.

7. The method of rehabbing a concrete steel reinforced piling according to claim 6, wherein each said bundle of fibrous material is selected from the group comprising: basalt, GFRP, CFRP, AFRP or HFRP.

8. The method of rehabbing a concrete steel reinforced piling according to claim 1, wherein each reinforced polymer wrap is formed from the steps comprising: preparing a jig using (2) two to (60) sixty sleeves or notched bars placed in a circular pattern, each said sleeve having a proximal end and a distal end with a plurality of slots therebetween, at least one said sleeve including a first bracket to form a receptacle loop and a distal end with a second bracket to form an insertion loop; immersing said fibrous material containing fibers admixed with a thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer; placing said immersed fibrous material containing reinforced polymer around said first bracket and engaging a slot on each said sleeve to place said fibrous material into a 360 degree wrap before placement around said second bracket, and engaging a slot on each said sleeve in a reverse 360 wrap before placement around said first bracket, drying said immersed fibrous material containing fibers with a thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer to dry before removal from said jig, forming a flexible reinforced polymer wrap.

9. The method of rehabbing a steel, concrete, steel reinforced concrete, wood or plastic piling according to claim 1, wherein at least one 360-degree reinforced polymer wrap having an insertion end spaced apart from a receptacle end, said 360 degree reinforced polymer wrap constructed and arranged to allow placement from the side and without the need for end access to completely encircle a piling 360 degrees with the potential for at least 45 degrees of conference overlap when mounted from a position perpendicular to said piling.

10. The method of rehabbing a concrete steel reinforced piling according to claim 1, including the step of removing marine growth from said piling before placement of said longitudinal reinforced polymer rebars.

11. The method of rehabbing a concrete steel reinforced piling according to claim 1 wherein tooling is constructed and arranged to control the width of spacing between parallel bar sections of a spiral cage assembly for predictability of shear strength.

12. The method of rehabbing a concrete steel reinforced piling according to claim 1 wherein said lateral containment spiral sections can be wound in both a clockwise and counterclockwise direction.

13. The method of rehabbing a concrete steel reinforced piling according to claim 12 wherein said lateral containment spiral sections can be wound to produce a biaxial containment reinforcement cage.

14. The method of rehabbing a concrete steel reinforced piling according to claim 1, wherein said step of forming a plurality of reinforced polymer wraps include the steps of: forming an insertion end on a first end and a receptacle end on a second end of each said reinforced polymer wrap, wherein each adjoining wrap having either a cooperating insertion end for coupling to said receptacle end, or a cooperating receptacle end for coupling to said insertion end.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] FIG. 1 is a pictorial illustrating a piling in need of repair or replacement;

[0040] FIG. 2 is a side view of the basalt assembly that can be place around an existing piling without forceful bending;

[0041] FIG. 3 is an enlarged section of FIG. 2;

[0042] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the basalt assembly between the earth and a supported structure;

[0043] FIG. 5 is a top plane view of a cage formed around a square piling;

[0044] FIG. 6 is a top plane view of a cage formed around a rectangular shaped piling;

[0045] FIG. 7 is a top plane view of a cage formed around a circular shaped piling;

[0046] FIG. 8 is a top plane view of a cage formed around an L-shaped piling;

[0047] FIG. 9 is a top plane view of a cage formed around a square piling with a concrete form placed in position;

[0048] FIG. 10 is a front side view of an FRP wrap jig;

[0049] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of FIG. 10 partially rotated;

[0050] FIG. 12 is a side rear view of FIG. 10;

[0051] FIG. 13 is a top view of an eight section 360-degree wrap;

[0052] FIG. 14 is a top view of a nine-section wrap;

[0053] FIG. 15 is a top view of a five-section wrap;

[0054] FIG. 16 is a front side view of the eight section 360-degree wrap;

[0055] FIG. 17 is a rear side view of FIG. 16;

[0056] FIG. 18 is an enlarged view of an insertion end and a receptacle end engaging FRP rebar; and

[0057] FIG. 19 is an illustration of a increased roving count.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] While the present invention is susceptible of embodiment in various forms, there is shown in the drawings and will hereinafter be described a presently preferred, albeit not limiting, embodiment with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered an exemplification of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments illustrated.

[0059] FIG. 1 is a pictorial of a concrete piling 100 reinforced with steel rebar 102 in a state of disrepair as evident by spalling 104, resulting in displaced concrete that has broken off. The concrete piling 100 is illustrative of a support used for a pier or a bridge. Typically, when a piling reaches this state of disrepair, the piling would likely become compromised and scheduled to be replaced. However, support structures are not simply replaced if the supported structure is a pier, roadway, boat lift, bridge or the like. The method of rehabilitation eliminates the need for replacing concrete pilings by use of an apparatus and method to rehabilitate the piling without disturbing the structure supported by the pilings.

[0060] While glass-state continuous basalt fiber produced from naturally occurring and renewable resources is the preferred material, and used as the primary embodiment throughout this disclosure, the apparatus and method is based upon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP), such as the more common E electric and CR corrosion resistant man-made recipes for silicate based fiberglass aka (GFRP). Alternatively, the material can be manufactured from Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP), Aramid Fiber Reinforced Polymer (AFRP), or Hemp Fiber Reinforced Polymer (HFRP). Basalt is a preferred material, basalt is a nontoxic naturally occurring volcanic rock that, when processed into continuous “glass-state” fibers, can be subsequently bundled into pliable roving's that may be cold formed into longitudinal or shaped reinforcement bars. All FRP materials have a variety of benefits when compared to steel rebar, which is typically used for reinforced concrete. Basalt is a naturally occurring rock which cannot rust once processed into a “glass-state” basalt cannot develop any type of corrosion and cannot absorb water. Basalt rebar is also about one fifth the weight of steel rebar, which makes basalt rebar much easier to transport and assemble on the job site. Also, basalt rebar can be easily cut using common tools in the field. Basalt can outperform concrete 10:1 in compression strength and 100:1 in tension strength. The configuration of the present invention is designed to address expansion and contraction, as well as creep and fatigue. Specifically, the invention adopts the high tensile, low stretch characteristics of continuous basalt fiber configured into a geometry that envelopes the piling only requiring side access to apply 360 degree totally non rusting structural containment to repair and rehab the piling, but also provides a support structure with superior qualities, such as allowing the support to return to its original shape after a temporary overload.

[0061] The extremely low stretch and cyclical tenacity of continuous basalt fiber is exploited to produce a reinforcing member specifically formed to provide lateral containment in both sheer and tension support for concrete. In the preferred embodiment the reinforcing members are produced using continuous basalt fibers in an appropriate adhesive matrix, be it a thermo plastic or a thermo set epoxy, vinyl ester or urethane, the reinforcing members add structural rigidity to the concrete. The continuous basalt fibers are formed from multiple roving bundles to produce the required strength using load predictions in a similar manner as to steel calculations. Continuous basalt fiber is manufactured from basalt filaments made by melting crushed volcanic rock of a specific mineral mixture known as a breed and drawing the molten material into glass-state filaments that cool to be largely inclusion free, highly durable, tenacious and resilient structural tendons having a substantially higher tensile strength than steel of the same diameter at one fifth the weight, and being virtually corrosion free.

[0062] Referring to FIGS. 2-5, in the preferred embodiment, the piling 100 is prepared with eight vertical basalt longitudinal rebars 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24. Each longitudinal rebar is #4-12.7 mm or #5-15.87 mm in diameter, having a bottom end 26 placed near the base of the piling 101 as it is submerged in the ground layer 103. A top end 28 of each longitudinal rebar extends to a position above the expected sea level of a high tide event. FIG. 4 illustrates pilings A, B, C and D holding up a supported structure 105. Each longitudinal rebar can be cut to the proper length by a conventional saw. Unlike steel rebar, the cutting of the FRP rebar does not affect the integrity of any coating. Each FRP longitudinal bar is formed from a bundle of fibrous material admixed with a thermosetting polymer selected from the group consisting of urethane, polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, phenolic, polyimide, polyamide, polypropylene, PEEK, methacrylate and a combination with or without graphene or Nano enhancement thereof. The fibrous material is selected from the group comprising: basalt, GFRP, CFRP, AFRP or HFRP. Piling A of FIG. 4 illustrates a piling 100 in need of rehab. Piling B of FIG. 4 illustrates a plurality of FRP REBARS 10, 12, 14, 16, and 24 placed around a piling with an FRP wrap 50 placed around the FRP bars, and FRP wrap 109 in the processing of being placed around Piling B. It is noted that the installation of the FRP wraps does not require the removal of the supported structure 105; rather, each wrap is side loaded and can cover from about 45 degrees to about 405 degrees. Piling C illustrates a majority of the FRP wraps in position in the formation of a cage 110, as further depicted by Piling D.

[0063] FIGS. 5-8 illustrate that the formation of a cage 112 which can be formed around any shape concrete piling. FIG. 5 is a top plane view of a square shaped piling 100 with the cage 110 formed around the piling. FIG. 6 is a top plane view of a cage 112 formed around a rectangular shaped piling 114. FIG. 7 is a top plane view of a cage 116 formed around a circular shaped piling 118. FIG. 8 is a top plane view of a cage 120 formed around an L-shaped piling 122.

[0064] FIG. 9 is a top plane view of the piling 100 with the cage 110 formed around the square shaped piling 100 with a concrete form 92 in position. The form 92 can be held in position using vice grips 131, or the like clamps, to contain liquid cement that is filled around the piling. The wraps 50, 109 may include spacer tabs 94 to assure spacing from the inner surface of the form 92 so that the concrete fully encases the wrap. In the preferred embodiment, the FRP longitudinal rebars are defined as eight FRP longitudinal rebars spaced apart equal distances around the concrete reinforced piling to form a circular shaped envelope. In addition, each FRP wrap insertion end is spaced apart from the receptacle end a predetermined distance, allowing installation around the longitudinal rebars by rotation of the wrap during placement. In a defined embodiment, the wraps include eight sections extending from the insertion end to the receptacle end constructed and arranged to provide a full 360-degree drape plus an option ability to extend the circumference drape to overlap an additional 45-90 degree of wrap around the longitudinal rebars.

[0065] For the rehab or marine encrusted piling, all marine growth needs to be removed from the piling before placement of the cage 110. It is recommended that the cement is inserted at the lower end of the form 92 to displace all water or other containments from a bottom up arrangement. A bottom up arrangement causes displacement of water with minimal dilution of the concrete.

[0066] Referring to FIGS. 10-12, illustrated is a basic manual jig used to form the basalt stirrup wraps. The jig 30 has a first end plate 32 separated from a second end plate 34 by a series of sleeves 35. For ease of illustration, a single sleeve 35 will be described. In the preferred embodiment, the jig 30 will have eight sleeves 35 equally spaced apart around the end plates 32, 34; the end plates 32, 34 approximating the diameter of a finished piling. For instance, a 12″×12″ square steel reinforced concrete piling 100 may be rehabbed into a 15C″ round basalt reinforced concrete piling. The sleeve 35 has a proximal end 36 with a first bracket 38 to form a receptacle loop 63 and a distal end 40 with a second bracket 42 to form an insertion loop 61. The sleeve 35 includes a plurality of slots 44 between the proximal 36 and distal end 40, and a plurality of apertures 46. The apertures allow placement of the first and second brackets 38, 42 along the length of the sleeve 35 for making as few as one wrap section or as many as nine wrap sections. In the preferred embodiment, a basalt wrap is used to form the cage assembly around the longitudinal basalt rebars.

[0067] By way of example, a wrap 50 is made by placing fibrous material containing a fibrous material admixed with a thermosetting polymer around the first bracket 38 and engaging a slot 44 on each sleeve 35, forming a 360 degree wrap before placement around the second bracket 42. The wrap 50 continues by engaging a slot 44 on each sleeve 35 in a reverse pattern before placement around the first bracket 38. For ease of explanation, each portion of the wrap 50 between the sleeves 35 is called a wrap section. As previously stated, the wrap 50 can be as few as one wrap section or as many as ten wrap sections to form curvatures, preferably between 45 and 450 degrees. Using the wrap 50 as an example, from the first bracket 38 shown on sleeve 35A to the second sleeve 35B is considered a first wrap section 52; from the second sleeve 35B to the third sleeve 35C is considered a second wrap section 54; from the third sleeve 35C to the fourth sleeve 35D is considered a third wrap section 56; from the fourth sleeve 35D to the fifth sleeve 35E is considered a fourth wrap section 58; from the fifth sleeve 35E to the sixth sleeve 35F is considered a fifth wrap section 60, and so forth to the second bracket 42. The jig 30 can form multiple 360-degree wraps at the same time, or by moving the brackets 38, 42, can form single or a plurality of sections

[0068] FIG. 13 illustrates an eight section 360 degree wrap 50 depicting sections 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 70, 72, 74. FIG. 14 is a top view of a four section wrap 80. FIG. 15 is a top view of a nine section wrap 90. FIG. 16 is a front side view of the eight section 360-degree wrap. FIG. 17 is a rear side view of FIG. 16. FIG. 18 is an enlarged view of an insertion end 61 and receptacle end 63 engaging basalt rebar 18. In the preferred embodiment, the basalt wraps 50 has a first strand 64 spaced apart by a second strand 66 by cross links 68 and 69, see FIG. 18.

[0069] Referring to the Figures in general, in a preferred embodiment the basalt cage is constructed and arranged for placement around a 12-inch square piling 100; the method of rehabbing comprises the steps of:

[0070] Step 1, cutting a plurality of FRP longitudinal rebars 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24 to a predetermined length having a bottom end 26 and a top end 28;

[0071] Step 2, placing the basalt longitudinal rebars 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24 in vertical placement around the piling 100;

[0072] Step 3, forming a plurality of basalt wraps 50, each basalt wrap having an insertion end 61 spaced apart from a receptacle end 63 by a cage section 112 constructed and arranged to provide a 360 degree drape around the longitudinal rebars with the receptacle end 63 and the insertion end 61 placed in a common vertical plane;

[0073] Step 4, positioning a lower basalt wrap around the plurality of longitudinal rebars, the lower base wrap insertion end 61 placed along the bottom end of one the basalt longitudinal rebar;

[0074] Step 5, coupling an adjoining basalt wrap to the lower basalt wrap by interlocking an insertion end 61 into the receptacle end 63 of the lower basalt wrap;

[0075] Step 6, repeating Steps 4 and 5 until a basalt wrap receptacle end 63 reaches the top end 28 of a longitudinal rebar;

[0076] Step 7, repeating Steps 4, 5 and 6 until each longitudinal rebar has a wrap with an insertion end 61 and a receptacle end 63;

[0077] Step 8, tying each basalt wrap to each longitudinal rebar with plastic wire ties;

[0078] Step 9, positioning a circular shaped form 92 around the longitudinal rebars and basalt wraps, the form preferably a two pieced metal jacket with a plastic liner for ease of installation and removal;

[0079] Step 10, filling the circular shaped form 92 with liquid concrete and allowing the liquid concrete to solidify; and

[0080] Step 11, removing the circular shaped form 92 from the solidified concrete.

[0081] The method forms a continuously wound uncut and without splices of secondary bonds a single, twin, triple or quad parallel spiral stirrup that is inherently cross braced to insure dimensional stability and capable of being placed at least 360 degrees around a solid object such as a column from the side and without the need for end access.

[0082] FIG. 19 illustrates the ability to infinitely adjust the girth of containment cage spirals. Twin continuously wound parallel assemblies 98 of FRP reinforcement can be adjusted in strength by increasing or decreasing roving count, which is defined as individual fiber tendons grouped into an assembly. Further during a wet wrap fiber polymer manufacture process, the instant invention teaches a method to cause the plurality of continuous fiber roving's wound into each spiral stirrup to slide over one another. This action is possible because of the short low friction coating system that allows the fibers and roving the linear freedom to consistently adjust and balance between the roving's and tendon as they are wound thereby mitigating issues of over tension and buckling of tendon groups and subsequently, balance loading between each consecutive wrap of the FRP fibers, roving or roving group around the tooling designed to position size and shape of the twin parallel containment stirrup. In addition, tooling for the production of the FRP spiral containments can be adjusted to control the width of the spacing between the parallel bar sections of the spiral cage assemblies of FRP reinforcement. The result is a method to provide installers with control over the shear strength with the reinforced concrete piling itself. The method allows the material to be wound in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions making it possible to produce a biaxial containment reinforcement cage.

[0083] All patents and publications mentioned in this specification are indicative of the levels of those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. It is to be understood that while a certain form of the invention is illustrated, it is not to be limited to the specific form or arrangement herein described and shown. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention, and the invention is not to be considered limited to what is shown and described in the specification and any drawings/figures included herein.

[0084] One skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is well adapted to carry out the objectives and obtain the ends and advantages mentioned, as well as those inherent therein. The embodiments, methods, procedures and techniques described herein are presently representative of the preferred embodiments, are intended to be exemplary, and are not intended as limitations on the scope. Changes therein and other uses will occur to those skilled in the art which are encompassed within the spirit of the invention and are defined by the scope of the appended claims. Although the invention has been described in connection with specific preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention as claimed should not be unduly limited to such specific embodiments. Indeed, various modifications of the described modes for carrying out the invention which are obvious to those skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the following claims.

[0085] The term “coupled” is defined as connected, although not necessarily directly, and not necessarily mechanically. The use of the word “a” or “an” when used in conjunction with the term “comprising” in the claims and/or the specification may mean “one,” but it is also consistent with the meaning of “one or more” or “at least one.” The term “about” means, in general, the stated value plus or minus 5%. The use of the term “or” in the claims is used to mean “and/or” unless explicitly indicated to refer to alternatives only or the alternative are mutually exclusive, although the disclosure supports a definition that refers to only alternatives and “and/or.”

[0086] The terms “comprise” (and any form of comprise, such as “comprises” and “comprising”), “have” (and any form of have, such as “has” and “having”), “include” (and any form of include, such as “includes” and “including”) and “contain” (and any form of contain, such as “contains” and “containing”) are open-ended linking verbs. As a result, a method or device that “comprises,” “has,” “includes” or “contains” one or more steps or elements, possesses those one or more steps or elements, but is not limited to possessing only those one or more elements. Likewise, a step of a method or an element of a device that “comprises,” “has,” “includes” or “contains” one or more features, possesses those one or more features, but is not limited to possessing only those one or more features. Furthermore, a device or structure that is configured in a certain way is configured in at least that way but may also be configured in ways that are not listed.