Filtering panel and method of making the same

Abstract

The present invention relates to a filtering panel (100) for a disk filter and a disk filter for water purification, comprising a metal filter cloth (16, 116) such as a stainless steel filter cloth, pre-tensioned in both warp and weft directions and fastened to a frame (10, 110) comprising a peripheral portion (11, 111), which is integral with an inner grillwork (12) and which divides the inner area of the peripheral portion (11, 111) into fields (15, 115). The frame (10, 110) comprises a plastic material reinforced with glass fibers or carbon fibres such as polypropylene loaded with fibreglass in an amount of at least 20 weight percent. Each field of the grillwork (12, 112) has an area not exceeding 10% of the inner area of the peripheral portion (11, 111). The pre-tensioning of the filter cloth (16, 116) in both directions is from at least 20% of the yield stress of the cloth (16, 116). Further the present invention relates to a disk filter comprising said filtering panels (100) and method of making said filtering panel (100).

Claims

1. A filtering panel for a disk filter for water purification, the filtering panel comprising a metal filter cloth (16, 116) and a frame (10, 110) comprising a peripheral portion (11, 111), wherein the frame (10, 110) consists of a plastic material loaded with fibres of glass or carbon, wherein the peripheral portion is integral with an inner grillwork (12, 112), which divides the inner area of the peripheral portion (11, 111) into fields (15, 115) and each field has an area not exceeding 10% of the inner area of the peripheral portion (11, 111); wherein the metal of the filter cloth (16, 116) is selected from the group comprising stainless steel, bronze, copper, brass, titanium, nickel and alloys; and wherein the filter cloth (16, 116) is pre-tensioned in both warp and weft directions at least 20% of the yield stress of the cloth (16, 116) and fastened to the frame (10, 110).

2. The filtering panel according to claim 1, wherein the pre-tensioning of the filter cloth (16) in both directions ranges from 20 to 30% of the yield stress of the cloth (16).

3. The filtering panel according to one of claim 1 and claim 2, wherein the fiber reinforced plastic material is selected from the group comprising polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), a blend of PPO, styrene (Noryl), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and mixtures thereof.

4. The filtering panel according to claim 3, wherein the frame (10, 110) consists of polypropylene loaded with fibreglass in an amount from at least 20% to 40% weight percent

5. The filtering panel according to any of the preceding claims, wherein each field has an area not exceeding 5% of the inner area of the peripheral portion (11, 111).

6. The filtering panel according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the peripheral portion (11, 111) comprises an L-shaped cross section.

7. The filtering panel according to any of the preceding claims, wherein a portion of the filter cloth (16, 116) corresponding to the reinforced plastic peripheral portion (11, 111) is embedded in the plastic material of the latter, so as to be fastened thereto.

8. The filtering panel according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the stainless steel of the filter cloth (16, 116) is AISI 316L.

9. The filtering panel according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the filter cloth (16, 116) has a spacing ranging from 5 to 100 micron, depending on the desired filtering degree.

10. The filtering panel according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the peripheral portion (11, 111) of the frame (12, 112) has the same size as the peripheral portion of a panel with a polypropylene frame and a polyester filter cloth, so that it can replace the latter in an existing disk filter.

11. A disk filter comprising a drum which has a central longitudinal axis and which is rotatably arranged around the same and is adapted to receive a liquid which is to be filtered, and at least one diskshaped filter member which on the outside of the drum extends outwards in the transverse direction of the drum and consists of releasably secured filter panels, characterised in that each filtering panel (10, 100) is defined by the features as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. A method for making a filtering panel, the method comprising: injecting (101) plastic material loaded with fibers of glass or carbon into a mold tool to integrally form a frame (110) with a peripheral portion (111) and a grillwork (112); locating (102) the cured frame (110) into a tensioning tool; placing (103) a metal filter cloth (116) on top of the frame (111); fixing (104) the peripheral edge region of the metal filter cloth (116) by the tensioning tool; pre-tensioning (105) the filter cloth (116) to at least 20% of the yield stress limit of the metal filter cloth (116); and applying pressure and heat (106) on the pre-tensioned filter cloth (116) to fasten the filter cloth on at least a portion of the peripheral portion (111) by embedding the filter cloth in the plastic material.

13. The method for making the filtering panel, further comprising cooling (107) the heated plastic material, wherein the plastic material is selected from the group comprising polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), a blend of PPO and styrene (Noryl), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and a mixture thereof.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the plastic material of the peripheral portion comprises a ridge (161) at least at a portion of the inner edge region (26) of the peripheral portion for bonding the metal filter cloth.

15. The method according to any of the claims 12 to 15, wherein the metal of the filter cloth is selected from the group comprising stainless steel, bronze, copper, brass, titanium, nickel and alloys.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] The accompanying figures illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosure and serve to explain, by way of example the principles of the disclosure and are not intended to be drawn to scale. The figures are included to provide illustration and a further understanding of the various aspects and embodiments, but are not intended to restrict the disclosure to the embodiment illustrated in the figures. Where technical features in the figures or detailed description are followed by references signs, the reference signs have been included for the sole purpose of increasing the intelligibility of the figures and description. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every figure.

[0042] In this description reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0043] FIG. 1 is a front view of the single frame of a filtering panel according to the present invention;

[0044] FIG. 2 is a view of the filtering panel according to arrow 2 of FIG. 1;

[0045] FIG. 3 is a cross-section according to line 3-3 of FIG. 1;

[0046] FIG. 4 is a front view, greatly enlarged, of a piece of metal filter cloth, applicable to the frame of FIGS. 1-3 to obtain a filtering panel according to the present invention;

[0047] FIG. 5 is a view according to arrow 5 of FIG. 4.

[0048] FIG. 6 shows a diagrammatic flow chart of a method for making a filtering panel according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

[0049] FIG. 7 is a schematic exploded view of a frame of a filtering panel according to another embodiment of the disclosure;

[0050] FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of the filter frame of FIG. 7 with the metal cloth located on the peripheral portion of the filter frame;

[0051] FIG. 9 shows a diagrammatic illustration of a finished filtering panel of FIGS. 7 and 8 respectively;

[0052] FIG. 10 shows a schematic illustration of a tensioning tool with a filter frame;

[0053] FIG. 11 shows the view of the tensioning tool according arrow 310 and a cross-section along the dashed line shown in FIG. 10; and

[0054] FIG. 12 shows diagrammatic illustrations of parts of the tensioning tool of FIG. 11 and a schematic compression device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0055] As can be seen from FIGS. 1-3, frame 10, in the trapezoidal form of the whole, comprises a peripheral frame 11 within which a grillwork is present, indicated as a whole with 12, formed of two series of perpendicularly intersecting strips, respectively 13 and 14, so as to form a multiplicity of fields which, apart from some of the peripheral fields, are rectangular with the largest dimension which is a little less than twice that of the smallest. In this specific case the larger fields have an area which does not exceed 5% of the inner area to the peripheral portion 11. More generally, it is found that in order to be sure not to cause the fatigue phenomena illustrated above, the area of the field must not exceed 10% of the area inside the portion 11.

[0056] By using the grillwork constituting of the strips 13 and 14 in combination with the below prescribed pre-tensioning the deflection of the metal filter cloth 16, which is, for instance made of stainless steel, is significantly reduced, when hydraulic load is applied and thus the lifetime of the produced filtering panel can be increased. In this way service requirements for disc filters can be minimised.

[0057] The inner perimeter of the peripheral portion 11 of the frame 10 defines the circumference of the so-called filtering area for the inside-out filtration process of the filter panel. It is noted that the dimensions of the strips and corresponding field areas of the rectangulars with the largest dimension range between, for instance, at least 2,5% and maximum 10% of the inner area of the peripheral portion. Constructing the grillwork with said dimensions the effective filtering area is not significantly reduced. Hence, a higher filtration capacity can be maintained, compared to prior art solutions using stainless steel cloths with perforated sheets and meshes in stainless steel frames.

[0058] It is further noted that compared to polyester filter cloths metal filter cloths such as stainless steel filter cloths enable higher operating head loss capabilities.

[0059] We also note that the transverse strips 13 are considerably more robust than the longitudinal strips 14, whereby the latter download the appropriate load on the first ones. In any case we have a particularly robust frame 10, thanks also to the peripheral portion 11 having an L-shaped cross section. As shown in FIG. 3 the L-shaped cross section comprises a first leg 21, which is in operation located flow parallel, and a second flow-transverse leg 22. Said second leg 22 provides additional stiffness to the first leg 21. The transverse strips 13 have the same height in flow direction as the first leg 21 and provide a robust support for the smaller longitudinal strips 14.

[0060] The flow-transverse leg 22 provides an inner edge portion 26 for attaching the filter steel cloth 16 (not shown in FIG. 3) to the frame 10. Further the circumferential outer edge portion 25 of the second leg 22 can be used for providing a further attachment region for the filter cloth 16 as below described in respect to the tensioning tool 300 and compression device 350 illustrated in FIGS. 10-12.

[0061] The grillwork 12 forms a single piece with the peripheral portion 10, a piece which is obtained in a conventional manner by hot molding or injection molding of a thermoplastic plastic material such as polypropylene load with about a 30% in weight of glass fibre (for example that of the company Campiresine S.R.L. of Turate, Como). The percentage by weight of glass fibre may in fact vary in a field which goes from 20 to 40%.

[0062] The less the percentage of glass fibre the lighter the filter frame can be made, whereas a higher percentage of glass fibre yields a more robust filter frame and accordingly more pre-tensioning can be applied. Other fibre materials can be used such as carbon to reinforce the plastic material. Carbon has the advantage to enable a further reduction in weight. Said fillers or others alike can not only be combined with polypropylene (PP) but also with polyethylene (PE), polyphenylene oxide (PPO),

[0063] Noryl, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and have the object to sufficiently reinforce the plastic frame.

[0064] In this way, using for the peripheral portion the same dimensions of the peripheral portion in polypropylene of the known filter panels with polyester cloth, we get a sufficiently sturdy frame which also has the advantage of being replaceable in the filter panels with polyester cloth in existing disk filters.

[0065] The need to have a sufficient sturdy and rigid frame is due to the fact that the said stainless steel cloth when it is fixed to the peripheral portion is previously subjected to a tension in both directions of between 20 and 30% of its yield stress, a value which is higher than that to which the conventional polyester filtering cloths applied to the conventional polypropylene frames are subject.

[0066] It has been possible to check that the stainless steel filter cloth can be fixed, after the aforementioned pre-tensioning, to the peripheral portion 11 of the frame 10 (for instance of polypropylene reinforced with glass fibre) in a manner similar to that used to fix—precisely by heating and pressure (so that the cloth appears embedded in the polypropylene of the portion 11) and subsequent cooling—the polyester cloth to the polypropylene frame of the conventional filter panels described at the beginning, which evidently constitutes a considerable simplification, with a significant economic advantage.

[0067] A filtering panel according to another aspect of the present invention may have a filter cloth made of AISI 316L stainless steel with a spacing ranging from 5 to 100 micron. In particular a filter cloth which can be used to be fixed to the frame 10 is shown, greatly enlarged, in FIGS. 4-6 and indicated by 16. This is of AISI 316L stainless steel, distinguished by the brand Betamesh®, and can have spacings of between 5 to 100 microns. A spacing corresponding to the pore-size of, for instance, 40 μm has a yield stress of typically about 140 N/cm or 14 N/mm in both warp and weft direction. From the FIGS. 4-6 it is seen that this cloth is composed of warp threads 17 embedded in weft threads 18 and 19. This kind of stainless filter cloth possesses good permeability. Obviously other types of stainless steel filter cloths or metals cloths may be used, provided that they have the appropriate filtering features. Depending on the pore size and woven filter threads used the maximum elastic limit or yield stress may vary in warp and weft directions.

[0068] An example for a finished filtering panel obtained by fixing the above-mentioned metal or stainless steel cloth has been schematically represented in FIG. 9. The shown cloth 116 is embedded in the plastic material such as polypropylene of the peripheral portion 11. How this panel is made is described below in more detail and represented in the FIGS. 6 to 11.

[0069] The filtering panel according to the present invention combines the advantage of possessing good permeability features, conferred by the use of stainless steel filter cloths, at a cost decidedly less than that of the known filtering panels which already use this type of cloths but fixed to a frame of stainless steel. Furthermore it can be replaced without problems in the filter panels currently present in the existing disk filters, with a life span at least comparable to that of the known filtering panels.

[0070] Yet to another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a method 60 for making a filtering panel with metal cloth, the method comprising: [0071] injecting in the first method step 101 plastic material into a mold tool to integrally form a frame 110 with a peripheral portion 111 and a grillwork 112; [0072] locating (method step 102) the cured frame 110 into a tensioning tool; [0073] placing (method step 103) the steel cloth 116 on top of the frame 111; [0074] fixing (method step 104) the peripheral edge region of the filter cloth 116 by the tensioning tool 300; [0075] pre-tensioning (method step 105) the filter cloth 116 to at least 20% of the yield stress limit of the cloth 116; [0076] applying pressure and heat (method step 106) on the pre-tensioned filter cloth 116 to fasten the filter cloth on a portion of the peripheral portion (111) by embedding the filter cloth in the plastic material.

[0077] For simplicity the method step of injecting material into a mold (step 101) has not been represented in a figure, since the manufacturing process of injection molding for producing thermoplastic plastic material parts such as the integrally formed filter frame 110 comprising a grillwork 112 is evident for an expert of the technical field.

[0078] The heating temperature of a heated compression device 350, which performs the method step 106 and is shown in FIG. 12, is chosen such that the thermoplastic plastic material of the peripheral portion (111) softens at the region of the at least one bonding and embedding seam, wherein the temperature stays below the melting point of Teflon (PTFE).

[0079] Yet another aspect of the method according to the present invention comprises: [0080] cooling (107) the heated plastic material, wherein the plastic material is selected from the group comprising polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), a blend of PPO and styrene (Noryl), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

[0081] The further method step 107 of cooling of the heated plastic material is performed for irreversibly fastening the filter cloth 116 to the respective portion or portions of the peripheral portion 111. A plurality of portions is needed for fastening if for instance two or more bonding seams 315 instead of one bonding seam are provided on the peripheral portion 111.

[0082] FIG. 7 shows schematically an exploded view of the filtering panel assembly 100 comprising the cured filter frame 110, as manufactured in method step 101, and a filter cloth 116 made of stainless steel, titanium or the like.

[0083] The view of FIG. 7 further indicates potential dimensions of the filter frame 110. As can be seen the peripheral portion 111 includes two substantially parallel sides Y1 and Y2 and two non-parallel sides. The dimensions shown in FIG. 7 are not to scale and may be for example as follows: The smaller parallel sides of the trapezoid Y1 and Y2 measure 48 cm and 22 cm, respectively. The distance from the outer edges of each of said parallel sides Y1 and Y2 i.e. in the longitudinal direction of the strips 114 is about 57 cm. Moreover, in order to achieve the condition that each field does not exceed 5% of the inner area of the peripheral portion 111 the exemplary rectangular field area 115 has the side lengths of A=10 cm and B=6 cm.

[0084] The filtering panel according to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 7 has a peripheral portion 111 of the frame 110, which has the same size as the peripheral portion of a panel with a frame of PP or the like and a polyester filter cloth, so that it can replace the latter in an existing disk filter. The trapezoidal form and respective dimensions are designed to conform with a filter support of a disk filter (not shown), wherein said filter support serves to support the bottom sides Y2 and the respective non-parallel sides of a pair of filter panels 110 in order to provide inside-out filtration. A plurality of filter supports are positioned to secure the filtering panels 110 on a drum to form a disk filter.

[0085] Alternatively to polypropylene other thermoplastic materials can be used, which are suited to manufacture components by injection molding and can be reformed or welded by applying heat. The materials of the frame 110 and integral grillwork 112 can further be selected from the group comprising polyethylene (PE), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), a blend of PPO and styrene (Noryl), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or the like. Said plastic materials can be filled with fibers of glass or carbon for reinforcement.

[0086] Yet another aspect of the method according to the disclosure of the invention is directed to a disc filter (not shown) comprising a drum, which has a central longitudinal axis and which is rotatably arranged around the same and is adapted to receive a liquid which is to be filtered, and at least one diskshaped filter member, which on the outside of the drum extends outwards in the transverse direction of the drum and consists of releasably secured filtering panels 10, 100, characterized at least by the pre-tensioning of a stainless filter cloth 16, 116 by at least 20% as well as by a grillwork 112, wherein each field thereof does not exceed 10% of the inner area of the peripheral portion.

[0087] The embodiment shown in FIG. 7 comprises a non-continuous projecting ridge 161 along the inner edge region 26 of the peripheral portion 111. This ridge can be made continuous or non-continuous. The ridge can optionally be provided to support the bonding and embedding of the filter cloth 116 in the plastic material in the method step 106.

[0088] FIG. 7 shows schematically the method step 103, wherein the steel cloth 116 is placed on the top of the frame as indicated by the arrows 133.

[0089] FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of the filter frame with the stainless filter cloth after the filter cloth is located on the filter frame 110 (see method step 103). Moreover, it can be seen that the dimensions of the stainless filter cloth corresponds to the outer circumference of the peripheral portion 111 of the filter frame 110. This outer circumference is cut after the metal filter cloth is irrecersibly fased by at least one bonding seam.

[0090] FIG. 9 shows the filtering panel 100 of FIG. 8 with the at least one bonding seam 315 i.e. after in the method step 106 pressure and heat has been applied. The at least one bonding seam 315 is continuous and located above the inner edge region 26 of the peripheral frame portion 111. In addition to the bonding seam 315 shown in FIG. 9 a further bonding seam may be provided at the outer edge (25) of the peripheral portion 111 (not shown). After cooling the plastic material (in method step 107) the at least one bonding seam 315 of the filter cloth 116 is fixedly or irreversibly attached to the inner edge region 26 of the peripheral portion 111.

[0091] FIG. 10 shows a schematic illustration of the tensioning tool with a filter frame 110 positioned in the tensioning tool 300. In this illustration the filter frame 110 is surrounded by four movable elements 301, 302, 303 and 304 of the tensioning tool 300. As can be seen the filter frame 110 is located in the tensioning tool 300 such, that the second leg 22 of the peripheral portion 111 faces upwards.

[0092] FIG. 11 shows the cross-sectional view of the tensioning tool according to arrow 310 indicated in FIG. 10. In this illustration not only the filter frame 110 is located in the tensioning tool but also the filter cloth 116. The filter cloth has to be cut a few cm larger than the outer circumference of the peripheral portion 111 of the filter panel, in order to enable a fixation by the tensioning tool 300, more particularly by the elements 301, 302, 303 and 304, respectively. Cutting the filter cloth in this way avoids unnecessary waste of the expensive cloth material. How the fixation works in detail is explained below with regard to FIG. 12.

[0093] The cross-sectional views of FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 show that the outer edges of the filter frame 110 are arranged between the tensioning elements 301 and 302. Each of these elements 301 and 302 can be displaced horizontally (as indicated by the double arrow H) via the displacement means 130. The other opposing elements 303 and 304 are also coupled with respective displacement means to enable horizontal movements for pre-tensioning.

[0094] FIG. 12 shows diagrammatic illustrations of parts of the tensioning tool 300 and heated compression device 350 as well as an enlargement of the tensioning tool 300. The enlargement shown in the circle of FIG. 12 shows a fixation angle 311 of the elements 301 and 302 and at each element 301 and 302 a plate 131, which is vertically movable (as indicated by the arrows V) to fix the filter cloth 116 between the down facing side of the angle 311 and the plate 131. The configuration of the angles 311 and plates 131 at each element 301, 302, 303 and 304 allow to securely grip the filter cloth like a forceps.

[0095] After the opposing elements 301 and 302 and respective counter elements 131 of the tensioning tool 300 have fixed the filter cloth 116 by moving each plate 131 (see arrow 104) against the corresponding fixation angle 311 (see method step 104 as shown in the enlargement of FIG. 12), the filter cloth can further be pre-tensioned by moving the elements 301 and 302 in opposed direction as indicated by the arrows 105. Moving the elements 303 and 304 horizontally in an analogous way (not shown) the filter cloth 116 can be pre-tensioned in both the warp and weft directions.

[0096] This specifically designed tensioning tool 300 enables an admittedly difficult tensioning of a filter cloth, which was cut to about the outer circumference of the filter frame 110 with maximum a few cm overlap with respect to the outer circumference of the peripheral portion 111. The use of the tensioning tool 300 has the advantage that the amount of filter cloth 116 to be wasted can be reduced to its minimum, when manufacturing the filtering panel 100. Since woven metal cloths as stainless steel cloth 116 are known to be expensive to manufacture, the design of the tensioning tool 300 provides a solution to significantly reduce manufacturing costs, even if the filter cloth needs to be tensioned at least 20% of its yield stress.

[0097] FIG. 12 shows further a diagrammatic illustration of the method step 106 (see arrows), wherein the pre-tensioned filter cloth 116 and the below located plastic material is heated under pressure at least along the inner edge 26 of the peripheral portion 111 by the compression device 350. Applying simultaneously pressure and heat (downward directed arrows 106) results in fastening the filter cloth by bonding at least a portion of the peripheral portion panel 111. In order to avoid gluing of the heated plastic material to the face of the compression device 350, a teflon or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer 351 or teflon strips in height of the peripheral portion 111 may be provided. In this way the at least bonding seam 315 as shown in FIG. 9 can be precisely produced. The heated compression device may be heated such that two or more bonding seams along the peripheral portion 111 are formed. Preferably two bonding seams at each edge (inner 26 and outer 25) are provided. By using the tensioning tool 300 in combination with the compression device 350 the manufacturing process and thus reproducibility can be improved.

[0098] The method for making filtering panels according to the present invention using metal cloths such as stainless steel cloth avoid complicated welding processes between steel components and result in a device with less problems of fatigue stress in the vicinity of the areas, where the cloth is attached to the frame. Further, based on the combination of a precise regulation of pre-tensioning and design of the robust grillwork within the inner area of the peripheral portion of the filter frame, the distortion effect by deflection occurring when hydraulic load is applied, can be significantly reduced.

[0099] Moreover, the modular design of the disc filter and its filtering panels 10, 110 offers flexibility for a broad range of flows. Applications may not only be municipial tertiary filtration but also the purification of industrial waste water, process water filtration or potable water filtration and others alike.

[0100] This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices and performing any incorporated methods.

[0101] The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. As used herein, the term “plurality” refers to two or more items or components.

[0102] The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and “consisting,” whether in the written description or the claims and the like, are open-ended terms, i.e., to mean “including but not limited to.” Thus, the use of such terms is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter, and equivalents thereof, as well as additional items. Only the transitional phrases “consisting of,” are closed or semi-closed transitional phrases, respectively, with respect to the claims. Use of ordinal terms such as “first,” “second,” “third,” and the like in the claims to modify a claim element does not by itself connote any priority, precedence, or order of one claim element over another or the temporal order in which acts of a method are performed, but are used merely as labels to distinguish one claim element having a certain name from another element having a same name (but for use of the ordinal term) to distinguish the claim elements.