Energy storage system

Abstract

The present invention provides an energy storage system (10) for a use with a boiler (20). The energy storage system (10) comprises a plurality of thermal energy storage banks (101, 102, 103, 104). Each thermal energy storage bank (101, 102, 103, 104) comprises phase changeable material having a predetermined phase transformation temperature. The energy storage system (10) also includes an extraction device (105; 1 15) configured to recover waste energy from the boiler (20). The extraction device (105, 1 15) is operable to extract waste energy from the boiler (20) and feed that energy to at least one (101) of the thermal energy storage banks (101, 102, 103, 104). A controller (106) is arranged, in use, to activate the extraction device (105, 115) in response to operation of the boiler (20).

Claims

1. A combination boiler comprising: a boiler; and an energy storage system comprising: a mains-fed, cold water supply for inputting cold water into the energy storage system; a plurality of individual thermal energy storage banks in fluid communication with the mains-fed, cold water supply, wherein each of the plurality of individual thermal energy storage banks comprise a phase changeable material having a predetermined phase transformation temperature; an extraction device configured to recover waste energy from the boiler, wherein the extraction device is operable to extract waste energy from the boiler and feed that energy to at least one of the thermal energy storage banks; a hot water outlet disposed downstream from the plurality of individual thermal energy storage banks for discharging hot water from the energy storage system; and a controller configured to activate the combination boiler in response to operation of the boiler and to manage the stratification in the thermal energy storage banks to recover energy during an overrun period, wherein the combination boiler has a maximum volume of 10 litres of potable water, wherein contact of the potable water with one or more of the individual thermal energy storage banks instantaneously heats the water on demand, and wherein the potable water is unpasteurized.

2. The combination boiler of claim 1, wherein each individual thermal energy storage bank has the same predetermined phase-change transformation temperature.

3. The combination boiler of claim 1, wherein at least one of the individual thermal energy storage banks of the plurality of individual energy storage banks has a phase-change transformation temperature lower than the predetermined phase transformation temperature of the other individual thermal energy storage banks of the plurality of individual energy storage banks.

4. The combination boiler of claim 1, wherein each individual thermal energy storage bank of the plurality of individual energy storage banks is connected by thermal energy transfer connections to an adjacently positioned individual thermal energy storage bank; and wherein the extraction device comprises a pump.

5. The combination boiler of claim 4, wherein the pump comprises a potable water mini pump or a micro heat pump, wherein the pump is configured to recover waste heat from flue gases generated during boiler operation; and wherein the controller activates the pump in response to firing of the boiler.

6. The combination boiler of claim 1, wherein the potable water enters the plurality of individual thermal energy storage banks and exits the plurality of individual thermal energy storage banks directly to the hot water outlet.

7. The combination boiler of claim 6, further comprising: a thermostatic blending valve that blends inlet cold water with the potable water heated by the energy storage system to control outlet water temperature of the potable hot water; wherein the thermostatic valve regulates the outlet water temperature, and wherein the outlet water temperature is in the region of 47 degrees centigrade.

8. The combination boiler of claim 1, wherein a flow rate of the energy storage system is at least 15.5 litres per minute.

9. The combination boiler of claim 1, wherein the phase-changeable material comprises a phase transformation temperature in the region of 58 degrees centigrade.

10. The combination boiler of claim 1, wherein the phase-changeable material comprises a phase transformation temperature within the range of 50 to 55 degree centigrade; wherein at least one of the individual thermal energy storage banks comprises phase change material comprising a phase transformation temperature in the region of 28 degrees centigrade.

11. The combination boiler according to claim 1, wherein the boiler is a system boiler, gas-fired boiler, or an oil-fired boiler.

12. The combination boiler according to claim 1, wherein the energy storage system is located externally to and in fluid communication with the boiler.

13. The combination boiler according to claim 12, wherein the energy storage system comprises a heat exchanger that receives exhaust gases and delivers captured heat energy to at least one of the individual thermal energy storage banks.

14. The combination boiler of claim 1, wherein the energy storage system is an open system.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Embodiments of the present invention are described below, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic representation of a storage boiler arrangement comprising an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

(3) FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic representation of a storage boiler arrangement comprising an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

(4) FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic representation of suitable locations for an energy storage system according to embodiments of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

(5) FIG. 1 is a representation of an energy storage system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention in combination with a system boiler 20 to provide, what can be considered effectively a combination boiler 100 with external storage capacity.

(6) The energy storage system 10 comprises a series or collection of banks, 101, 102, 103, 104, which are used to collect and store thermal energy which is normally dissipated as flue gas waste. The energy storage system 10 recovers heat from a heat exchanger 201 located between the boiler 20 and the flue 202.

(7) Each bank 101, 102, 103, 104 contains phase change material. The first bank is the waste heat recovery battery and contains a phase change material with a melting point at 28 degrees centigrade and storage capacity in the region of 1.5 kWh.

(8) The other banks 102, 103, 104 each contain a phase change material with a melting point of 58 degrees centigrade and storage capacity of 2.0 to 10.0 kWh.

(9) In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, a pump 105 is provided to transfer waste heat energy from a flue gas heat exchanger 201 to the waste heat recovery bank 101. A controller 106 is operable to activate the pump 105 when the boiler 20 is fired upon demand for hot water, for example a tap is opened. Heat energy from the exhaust/flue gases are therefore recoverable

(10) FIG. 2 is a representation of an arrangement of a boiler 20 and energy storage system 10 similar to the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 1. As such, like reference numerals have been applied. The difference between the arrangements illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 is a micro heat pump 115 in the waste heat recovery circuit between the flue gas heat exchanger 201 and the waste heat recovery bank 101 as illustrated in FIG. 2. A water to water micro heat pump 115 will generally extract more energy from the boiler flue gases 202 than the potable water mini pump 105 illustrated in FIG. 1. In addition the micro pump 115 is capable of storing the extracted heat energy at a higher temperature than the mini pump 105 of FIG. 1.

(11) In the illustrated examples, the boiler 20 is a conventional system boiler, which in combination with the energy storage system 10 dispenses with a hot water storage tank.

(12) The combination of a system boiler 20 and the energy storage system 10 provides a heating system that can operate more efficiently than a comparable storage combination boiler.

(13) The boiler 20 is a typical system boiler, which does not form part of the present invention as such. The main components of the boiler 20 associated with the energy storage system are described below. It will be appreciated that other boiler types can be used with the system according to embodiments of the present invention, including for example a gas-fired boiler or an oil-fired boiler.

(14) In both FIGS. 1 and 2, the boiler 20 comprises a hydro-block 207. Upon opening a hot-water tap the boiler 20 generally responds to the demand and the boiler fires-up and hot water is supplied to the tap via a three port valve located on the hydro-block 207. In the illustrated example the output flow at the hydro-block 207 is directed through the energy storage system 10. Therefore, the demand on the boiler 20 is reduced due to the heat from the flue gases 201 being recovered and used by the energy storage system 10 to heat water that is stored in the energy storage system 10. As such, upon demand for hot water, the system according to embodiments of the present invention supplies hot water immediately the tap is opened.

(15) The hot exhaust/flue gases are generally exhausted to the atmosphere via the boiler flue 202 after the heat has been extracted by the boiler gas to water heat exchanger from the combustion of gases within the combustion chamber 208. In the illustrated example a heat exchanger 201 is located between the combustion chamber 208 and the boiler flue 202 and act together with the energy storage system 10 to recover heat from the exhaust gases, as described further below.

(16) Flue gases are generally corrosive especially below the dew point and therefore a stainless steel bespoke gas to water heat exchanger 201 for the waste heat recovery circuit may be most suitable. To keep the development simple, flexible and cost effective a pumped circuit is used to transfer heat from the heat exchanger 201 to the waste heat recovery bank 101.

(17) The system 100, comprising a boiler 20 and an energy storage system 10 includes a hot water outlet 209, mains cold water supply 210, a condensate drain 211, central heating hot water flow output 212, and central heating return 213.

(18) In the system according to embodiments of the present invention, the potable water content in the energy storage system 10 will be less than 15 litres. Therefore, the water content should not require pasteurisation i.e. heating above 60 degrees centigrade, to protect against legionella. However, if pasteurisation of potable, domestic, hot water is a requirement, for example as set by a regulations, bank 101, as illustrated in FIG. 1 can be heated to an elevated temperature periodically, for example once per week.

(19) In known storage combination boilers the water is normally heated to around 65 degrees centigrade to increase storage capacity and to reduce the risk of legionella. The average energy storage capacity of a vessel of a storage combination boiler is 2.7 kWh, which corresponds to around 25 litres of potable water. Typically, such volume requires pasteurisation of the water and therefore requires heating in excess of 60 degrees centigrade.

(20) During normal operation of a boiler 20, at the end of the heating cycle, the boiler pump generally continues to run for a further five to ten minutes to prevent overheating of the boiler. The energy in the boiler, due to the overrun, is normally dissipated to central heating radiators or through the casing of the boiler appliance. In the configuration of a boiler 20 and energy storage system 10 according to embodiments of the present invention, the energy storage system 10 can utilise the overrun period of the boiler 20 by recovering this energy during the overrun period because stratification in the banks 101, 102, 103, 104 can be managed.

(21) The flow temperature from a comparative combination boiler is in the region of 45 degrees. To achieve the same flow temperature from the boiler 20 and the energy storage system 10 as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 suitable phase change material is material comprising a melting point or phase transformation temperature of 50 to 55 degrees centigrade. In addition a thermostatic blending valve 110 is included in the energy storage system 10 such that the temperature of hot water at the outlet 209 is regulated at around 47 degrees centigrade

(22) The energy storage system is configurable such that the space it requires for mounting/locating is minimised. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the energy storage system 10 may be located adjacent the boiler 20, for example behind or below 300 the boiler 20. Alternatively, the energy storage system 10 may be located remotely from the boiler 20, with suitable conduit or pipework connecting the two. For example, a boiler 20 may be mounted in a wall or within a cabinet in a kitchen and the energy storage system 10 may be located discretely in a space or void, for example above wall cabinets 310, in a cavity behind base cabinets 320 or in a space between a cabinet and a wall 330.

(23) In the embodiments described and illustrated the energy storage system 10 comprises four banks 101, 102, 103, 104. However, it will be appreciated that the number of banks/batteries are provided by way of example only, as is the melting point temperatures of the phase change material in each bank. As such fewer or more banks may be applicable and also higher or lower phase transformation temperatures may apply.

(24) The system comprising phase change material provides a system capable of storing and releasing energy, where heat is absorbed or released when the physical state of the material changes from solid to liquid or liquid to solid.

(25) The system has been described in combination with a system boiler. However, it will be appreciated that the system can be used with other types of boiler to improve system performance and reduce waste heat, for example, but not limited to oil-fired boilers and gas-fired boilers.

(26) Whilst specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be appreciated that departures from the described embodiments may still fall within the scope of the present invention.