Method for immobilising a preform in a mould

Abstract

A method for manufacturing a turbine-engine blade from a preform made from polymerized composite material in a mold comprising a bottom part and a top part, comprising at least one closure step during which the top part of said mold is attached to the bottom part of the mold containing the preform, wherein it comprises, prior to said closure step, at least one insertion substep during which a first end of an immobilization element is inserted in a bottom part of the preform in a substantially transverse direction, and a positioning substep during which a second, opposite end of said element is disposed in a complementary reception cavity emerging in the bottom part of the mold.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a turbine-engine blade made from composite material, the method comprising: producing a preform of general axial orientation, by weaving threads in three dimensions, said preform comprising a blade root part and a blade vane part; placing the preform in a bottom part of a mold, a recess of which is substantially complementary to bottom parts of the blade root part and of the blade vane part of the preform; closing the mold by attaching a top part of said mold, a recess of which is complementary to top parts of the blade root part and of the blade vane part of the preform, on the bottom part of the mold containing the preform; compacting the preform in said mold: and injecting a resin into the mold under vacuum in order to impregnate the compacted preform and to form a rigid blade after polymerization of the resin, wherein, prior to said closing the mold, the method further comprises inserting a first end of an immobilization element in a bottom part of the preform in a substantially transverse direction; and positioning a second, opposite end of said element in a complementary reception cavity that opens into the recess of the bottom part of the mold.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising, after said injecting a resin, eliminating the second end of said element.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said inserting a first end of an immobilization element in a bottom part of the preform occurs prior to placing the preform in a bottom part of a mold, and wherein said positioning a second, opposite end of said element in a complementary reception cavity occurs during the second step.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said positioning a second, opposite end of said element in a complementary reception cavity occurs during said placing the preform in a bottom part of a mold, and wherein said inserting a first end of an immobilization element in a bottom part of the preform occurs during said placing the preform in a bottom part of a mold and subsequent to said positioning a second, opposite end of said element in a complementary reception cavity.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein: during said inserting a first end of an immobilization element in a bottom part of the preform, the immobilization element is inserted in a zone of the bottom part of the blade root intended to form part of a subsequently eliminated trimming; the method further comprising removing the polymerized rough preform from the mold and then cutting in order to separate trimmings from it, in order to obtain the final blade, wherein said eliminating the second end of said element being performed concomitantly with said cutting.

6. Impregnation mold for manufacturing a turbine-engine blade made from composite material, comprising a bottom mold part, a recess of which is substantially complementary to a bottom part of a blade preform, and a top part, a recess of which is substantially complementary to a top part of the blade preform, said top part being able to be attached to said bottom part, wherein the bottom part comprises at least one cavity that opens into the recess, which is configured to be complementary to an immobilization element secured to the blade preform, and which is able to provide reception thereof.

7. Impregnation mold according to claim 6, wherein the cavity opens into a part of the recess in the bottom part of the mold that does not delimit a functional surface of the final blade.

8. Impregnation mold according to claim 6, wherein said cavity has a shape complementary to a pin.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of the disclosed subject matter will become more readily appreciated as the same become better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a preform used in the context of a representative method according to an aspect of the present disclosure;

(3) FIG. 2 is a schematic view in cross section representing closure of a mold of a molding method according to a prior art;

(4) FIG. 3 is a schematic view in cross section representing the insertion substep according to a first embodiment of a manufacturing method according to an aspect of the present disclosure;

(5) FIG. 4 is a schematic view in cross section representing the positioning substep according to the first embodiment of the manufacturing method according to an aspect of the present disclosure;

(6) FIG. 5 is a schematic view in cross section representing the positioning substep according to a second embodiment of a manufacturing method according to an aspect of the present disclosure;

(7) FIG. 6 is a schematic view in cross section representing the insertion substep according to the second embodiment of the manufacturing method according to an aspect of the present disclosure; and

(8) FIG. 7 is a schematic view in cross section representing the third step of closure of the mold according to an aspect of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

(9) The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings where like numerals reference like elements is intended as a description of various embodiments of the disclosed subject matter and is not intended to represent the only embodiments. Each embodiment described in this disclosure is provided merely as an example or illustration and should not be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The illustrative examples provided herein are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the claimed subject matter to the precise forms disclosed.

(10) The following discussion provides examples of methods for manufacturing a turbine-engine blade made from composite material. The following also provides examples of a preform intended to form the blade of the turbine engine. The following further provides examples of a mold for executing such methods disclosed herein.

(11) In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art, however, that many embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without some or all of the specific details. In some instances, well-known process steps have not been described in detail in order not to unnecessarily obscure various aspects of the present disclosure. Further, it will be appreciated that embodiments of the present disclosure may employ any combination of features described herein.

(12) In a known manner, a method for manufacturing a turbine-engine blade made from composite material comprises a first step during which a preform 10 is produced by weaving threads (not shown) in three dimensions, as shown in FIG. 1. Such a preform 10 has a general axial orientation, corresponding to the horizontal direction of the figures.

(13) The preform 10 is produced by weaving in a single piece, generally made from carbon fibers, and substantially comprises a blade root part 12, intended to attach the finished blade to a turbine-engine rotor disc, and a blade vane part 14 intended to cooperate with a flow of air or gas in the turbine engine.

(14) In a second step of such a method, the preform 10 is placed in a bottom part 16 of a mold 18 such as the one depicted in FIG. 2. The bottom part 16 comprises a recess 20 that is substantially complementary to a bottom part 21 of the preform, that is to say bottom parts of the blade root part 12 and the blade vane part 14 of the preform 10.

(15) The mold 18 comprises a top part 22 that is attached to the bottom part 16 during a third step of closure of the mold 18. This top part 22 comprises a recess 24 that is complementary to a top part 23 of the preform 10, that is to say top parts of the blade root part 12 and of the blade vane part 14 of the preform 10. Closure of the mold 18 delimits a complete recess, consisting of the recess 20 and the recess 24, which allows resin to be injected into the preform 10.

(16) A fourth step of the method comprises compacting the preform 10 in said mold 18. During this step, as illustrated by FIG. 2, a force is generally exerted on an end 26 of the root 12 of the preform, so as to compact the fibers in contact with the walls of the recesses 20 and 24, as indicted by the arrows in FIG. 2.

(17) Then, during a fifth injection step, a resin is injected under vacuum into the mold 18 in order to impregnate the compacted preform 10, which allows to form a rigid blade after polymerization of the resin.

(18) Finally, during a sixth finishing step, the polymerized raw preform 10 is removed from the mold and is then cut in order to separate trimmings therefrom, in order to obtain the final blade. In particular, large trimmings are arranged at the free end 26 of the root 12.

(19) It has been found that correct positioning of the fabric preform in the recess 20 of the bottom part 16 of the mold 18 is an essential condition for obtaining a finished blade having optimum strength characteristics. This is because incorrect positioning of the fabric preform in the bottom part of the mold 18 may lead to the preform 10 no longer being pressed against the walls of the mold 18 and as a consequence, the surface of the blade may have, masses or pockets of resin corresponding to the zones that have not been occupied by the weaving.

(20) However, incorrect positioning does not necessarily result from a faulty arrangement of the preform 10 in the bottom part 16 of the mold 18 by the operator, but may occur when the mold 18 is closed. It is in fact when the top part 22 of the mold 18 is closed onto the bottom part 16 that the preform 10 is most liable to move.

(21) Embodiments of the present disclosure remedy this drawback and/or others by proposing a manufacturing method that immobilizes the preform 18 in the mold 10 during closure thereof.

(22) For this purpose, the embodiments provided herein propose a manufacturing method of the type described above, characterized in that it comprises, prior to the third step, at least one insertion substep during which a first end 28 of an immobilization element 30 is inserted in the bottom part 21 of the preform 10 in a substantially transverse direction, and a positioning substep during which a second, opposite end 32 of said element 30 is disposed in a complementary reception cavity 34 emerging in the bottom part 16 of the mold 18.

(23) To this end, an immobilization element 30 is used which, as illustrated FIGS. 3 to 6, comprises a first end 28 able to be inserted in the weaving of the preform 10 and a second, opposite end which is able to project out of the preform 10 as shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 7 in order to cooperate with the mold as shown in FIG. 7.

(24) The immobilization element 30 thus allows immobilization of the preform 10 axially, which prevents it from sliding in the recess 20 of the bottom part 6 of the mold 18 when the top part 22 of the mold 18 is closed over the bottom part 16, and also sliding thereof with respect to said top part 22.

(25) Advantageously, to allow insertion of the first end 28 of the immobilization element 30 in the weaving of the preform, this first end 28 is configured in a peak or point in some embodiments.

(26) In some embodiments, the second end 32 is formed as a pin, for example a cylindrical pin, which is able to cooperate with the cavity 34 of complementary shape formed in the bottom part 16 of the mold 10 and which emerges in the recess 20 in said bottom part 16.

(27) The immobilization element 30 may be interposed in two different ways between the preform 10 and the bottom part 126 of the mold.

(28) According to a first embodiment of the method, the insertion substep occurs prior to the second step and the positioning substep occurs during the second step.

(29) Thus, as illustrated by FIG. 3, the first end 28 of the immobilization element 30 is firstly inserted in the preform 10 as shown in FIG. 3, and then the preform 10 provided with the immobilization element is disposed in the recess 20 in the bottom part 16 of the mold 18, so that the second end 32 of the immobilization element enters the cavity 34 of the mold 18. Then the mold 18 is closed as shown in FIG. 7.

(30) According to a second embodiment of the method, the positioning substep occurs during the second step and the insertion substep occurs during the second step subsequently to the positioning substep.

(31) Thus, as illustrated by FIG. 5, the second end 32 of the immobilization element 30 is firstly disposed in the cavity 34 of the recess 20 in the bottom part 16 of the mold 18, as shown in FIG. 5, and then the preform 10 is disposed on the first end 28 of the immobilization element 30 as shown in FIG. 6, so that the first end enters the weaving of the preform 10. Then the mold 18 is closed as shown in FIG. 7.

(32) In this variant of the method, it will be noted that it may be desirable for the second end 32 of the immobilization element 30 to be received in the cavity 34 in a stable way, in order to guarantee transversality, here in the vertical direction, of the immobilization element 30, in order to facilitate entry of its first end 28 into the immobilization element 30.

(33) Moreover, it will be understood that the immobilization element 30 remains interposed between the preform 10 and the bottom part 16 of the mold throughout the fifth step, and consequently during and at the end of the polymerization of the resin. Because of this, when the blade is removed from the mold, the first part of the immobilization element 30 remains trapped in the weaving of the preform.

(34) Thus the method comprises, after the fifth step, a substep of eliminating the second end 32 of the element 30.

(35) In a conventional manner, the mold 18 delimits, in the final blade, a part 36, delimited by the broken lines in FIG. 7, that is not functional and that is able to form part of a trimming that is intended to be cut from the blade emerging from the mold 18 in order to form the final blade.

(36) Preferably, the cavity 34 in one embodiment emerges in a part of the recess 20 in the bottom part 16 of the mold that does not delimit a functional surface of the final blade and which therefore corresponds to this part 36.

(37) The part 36 corresponds to a part intended to be cut when the polymerized raw blade is finished and consequently forms neither a part of the root part 12 intended to secure the blade to a rotor disc, nor a part of the vane part intended to be subjected to a gas flow in the turbine engine. The immobilization element 30 is therefore able to be eliminated at the same time as the part 36 when the blade is cut.

(38) Thus, it will therefore be understood that whatever the embodiment of the method, during the insertion substep the immobilization element 30 is inserted in a zone of the bottom part 36 of the blade root intended to form part of a subsequently eliminated trimming.

(39) Then, during a sixth finishing step, the polymerized rough preform is removed from the mold and then cut in order to separate trimmings therefrom, and in particular the part 36, in order to obtain the final blade. The substep of eliminating the second end 32 of the element 30 is therefore advantageously performed concomitantly with said cutting, eliminating any element 30 trapped in the part 36 of the polymerized preform 10.

(40) Techniques and methodologies of the present disclosure therefore provide a particularly simple and advantageous method that allows to prevent movements of a woven preform 10 in a mold 18 when implementing a method for molding a blade by resin injection, and consequently to limit any defects that might lead the blade to be scrapped. Advantageously, losing by scrapping molded blades, whose cost is significant, is therefore prevented. Because of the long duration of polymerization of such a blade, the use of representative methods of the disclosure, by drastically reducing the number of blades scrapped, significantly increases the production of turbine-engine blades.

(41) The principles, representative embodiments, and modes of operation of the present disclosure have been described in the foregoing description. However, aspects of the present disclosure which are intended to be protected are not to be construed as limited to the particular embodiments disclosed. Further, the embodiments described herein are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. It will be appreciated that variations and changes may be made by others, and equivalents employed, without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it is expressly intended that all such variations, changes, and equivalents fall within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, as claimed.