Method and chromatography medium

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method to improve chromatography beads. More closely, the invention relates to a novel method for production of dextran-containing porous media and chromatography media produced with this method. In the method, the chromatography media is subjected to dextranase-treatment leading to improved pressure-flow properties of the media.

Claims

1. A method to produce a chromatography medium, the chromatography medium comprising porous beads coupled with dextran inside the pores and on the bead, the method comprising subjecting the chromatography medium to dextranase treatment wherein the dextranase is coupled to a magnetic support particle.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic support particle is larger than the pores of the chromatography media to be treated.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic support particle comprises natural or synthetic chromatography beads or PEG (poly ethylene glycol).

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the dextranase-coupled support particle enters the pores of the chromatography medium.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the chromatography medium is made of natural or synthetic resins.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the chromatography medium is made of agarose.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the agarose is cross-linked.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dextran coupled to the chromatography medium is provided with a ligand.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a schematic view of treatment of dextran-containing chromatography beads with PEG-ylated dextranase;

(2) FIG. 2 shows the chromatography beads before, during and after dextranase treatment;

(3) FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a packed column with beads before treatment (untreated beads) and after treatment; and

(4) FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the pressure-flow properties of untreated vs. dextrans-treated chromatography medium.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(5) The present invention relates to porous chromatography beads provided with dextran inside the pores. Dextran is attached inside the pores of the beads during manufacture and defines the selectivity of the chromatography resin, and is thus required for obtaining the desired function of the chromatography resin. Dextran is covalently attached to cross-linked agarose, preferably highly cross-linked agarose. However, the present inventors have found that these types chromatography beads have a limitation in flow rate and discovered that this is due to the presence of dextran chains on the outer surface of these types of beads.

(6) In one embodiment the present invention relates to a method for removing outer surface bound dextran, while not affecting dextran that is attached inside the bead's pores, as illustrated in FIG. 1. In this embodiment of the invention the chromatography beads are treated with dextranase coupled to a support particle being larger than the pores of the chromatography media to be treated, as illustrated in FIG. 2.

(7) The treatment with particle bound dextranase as in this embodiment of the invention will only degrade dextran bound to the outer surface of the beads, but leave intact the dextran chains attached inside the pores. The result is a new chromatography resin with improved flow properties and maintained selectivity. The present inventors have found that dextran that is attached on the outer surface of the beads has no or negligible/limited impact on selectivity but it has a negative impact on the flow properties of the resin, i.e. the flow of liquid between the chromatography beads in a packed column, as illustrated in FIG. 3.

(8) The degree of how much dextran that will be degraded can be controlled by the size of the support particle and its ability to enter the pores of the dextran containing chromatography bead. By dextranase-treatment the amount of dextran inside as well as outside the pores may be altered by using a smaller support particle than the pores of the chromatography resin. By controlling the size of the support particle and the pore size of the chromatography resin, various types of chromatography media can be designed for a variety of applications and selectivities, for example intended for target molecules of different size.

(9) In FIGS. 1 and 2 it can be seen how the dextranase coupled to a support particle, larger than the pores of the dextran containing chromatography resin, degrades only the dextran on the surface of the chromatography resin. This treatment results in cleared flow channels between the particles.

(10) In FIG. 3 it can be seen how the dextranase treatment opens up the flow channels between the resins in a schematic packed chromatography column enabling better pressure and flow properties.

EXAMPLES

(11) The inventors have found that dextran coupled media, such as Superdex 200 Increase (GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB), can be treated with dextranase to increase the flow properties without loosing the resolution. Dextranase treatment according to the invention can remove dextran on the surface of the chromatography beads as well as inside the pores of the beads. The method of the invention is a great improvement compared to using decantation to achieve better flow properties without impairing the resolution.

(12) Materials

(13) TABLE-US-00001 Name Comment Dextranase from Penicillum sp. From Sigma Aldrich, Mw approximately 64 kDa NHS Mag Sepharose GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, 10.1 mmol NHS/ml gel TRIS Sodium chloride (NaCl) Acetic acid Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) Dextran AB GE Healthcare Biosciences AB Superdex 75 Increase Prototype A17-5S

(14) Buffers and Dextran Solution

(15) Tris buffer—50 mM Tris, 1 M NaCl, pH=8.0

(16) Acetate buffer—50 mM Acetate pH 5.0

(17) Coupling buffer—0.48M NaHCO.sub.3, 1.5M NaCl, pH 8.3

(18) 2% Dextran AB solution pH 5: 2 g Dextran AB was dissolved in 100 ml Acetate buffer pH 5 (see above).

Example 1: Coupling of Dextranase to NHS Mag Sepharose

(19) Dextranase is coupled to NHS activated magnetic beads according to the below reactions.

(20) Reactions

(21) ##STR00001##

(22) Coupling

(23) Dextranase (400 mg) was added to 7 ml coupling buffer in a 15 ml Falcon tube. The dextranase were left to dissolve for 30 minutes on a shaking table.

(24) Approximately 20 ml NHS Mag Sepharose (10.1 μmol NHS/ml) was washed with ice cold 1 mM HCl on a p4 glass filter (5×40 ml). The gel was then drained on the filter and 17 g was weighed into a 100 ml DURAN flask along with 5 ml 1 mM HCl. The dextranase solution from above was added to the NHS Mag Sepharose gel and stirring was started. The slurry were then left stirring at RT for 2 hours. The NHS Mag Sepharose gel were then washed on a glass filter (p4) with Tris buffer pH 8 1GV (1 gel volume 0 20 ml)×3, Acetate buffer pH 5 1GV×3 and then again with Tris buffer 1GV×3.

(25) 40 ml Tris buffer was then added to the gel on the filter and then left on the filter for 60 minutes (removal of remaining NHS groups).

(26) The gel was finally washed with water 1GV×5.

Example 2: Test of Dextranase Activity on Dextran Solution

(27) The following tubes were prepared:

(28) Tube 1 (Reference):

(29) 2 g of non-coupled NHS Mag Sepharose media+5 ml 2% Dextran AB pH 5 solution

(30) Tube 2:

(31) 3 g of dextranase coupled to Mag Sepharose media from example 1+5 ml 2% Dextran AB pH 5 solution

(32) Tube 3:

(33) 46 mg of dextranase+5 ml 2% Dextran AB pH 5 solution

(34) Tube 4:

(35) 2% Dextran AB pH 5 solution

(36) Tube 1 and 2 were left on a shaking table in RT for approximately 22 hours, while Tube 3 were left on a shaking table at RT for about 4 hours. Tube 4 were kept in a fridge.

(37) The supernatants from the tubes were analysed for glucose content to determine if any degradation of dextran had occurred, see Example 5.

Example 3: Test of Dextranase Activity on Chromatography Beads

(38) Approximately 100 ml of a Superdex 75 increase prototype called A17-5S was washed with water on a glass filter (5×200 ml). 40 g of drained gel was then weighed into two duran flasks (100 ml) with lids that could be mounted on an overhead stirrer. And magnetic beads added according to below:

(39) Flask 5 (Ref):

(40) 40 g Superdex 75 increase prototype+5 g NHS-Mag sepharose (washed in water)+25 ml Acetate buffer pH 5

(41) Flask 6:

(42) 40 g Superdex 75 increase prototype+5 g Dextranase-Mag sepharose (from example 1)+25 ml Acetate buffer pH 5

(43) The pH in the flasks were measured to 5.4. The flasks were then mounted on a stirrer which were tilted and stirring was begun. An homogenous slurry were formed after a few minutes.

(44) Samples removed from supernatants after different time intervals, for glucose content analyses see table in example 5).

Example 4: Test of Dextranase Activity

(45) An additional reference flask with gel and dextranase was also prepared to see how fast the free dextranase would degrade the dextran on the beads.

(46) Flask 7:

(47) 9 g Superdex 75 increase prototype A17-5S+10 mg Dextranase+5 ml Acetate buffer pH 5

(48) Flask 8:

(49) 40 g Superdex 75 increase prototype A17-5S+5 g Dextranase-Mag sepharose (from example 1)+25 ml Acetate buffer pH 5 were put in a 100 ml duran flask and rotation stirring was begun (same as for flask 5&6).

(50) Samples were removed from supernatants after different time intervals for glucose content analyses, see example 5.

Example 5: Analysis of Dextran/Glucose Content

(51) Analysis of dextran content was made with the Accu-Chek system from Roche (ordinarily used for Diabetes blood sugar measurements).

(52) A drop of each sample were placed on the test strip and the glucose content was measured by the instrument:

(53) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1 Measurements of glucose content Sample Time (h) Result Comment Tube 1 24 LO No glucose should be present which the results indicates Tube 2 24 Hi Digested dextran solution, High value expected Tube 3 24 Hi Digested dextran solution, High value expected Tube 4 24 LO No glucose should be present which the result indicates Flask 5 24 LO Ref, No glucose should be present which the result indicates Flask 6 24 1.7 mmol/L Sample after 24 hours, Lower value than for tube 2 which was expected. Flask 6 96 7.9 mmol/L Increased value after the weekend Flask 6 120 11.9 mmol/L  Study stopped Flask 7 24 Hi Diluted 1 time with water gave 16.2 mmol/L and further dilution 1 time gave a value of 7.8 mmol/L Flask 8 48 1.0 mmol/L left for stirring for an additional 24 hours Flask 8 72 1.4 mmol/L Experiment stopped and evaluated.

(54) LO and HI indicates that the result is outside of the expected measurement area (higher or lower) for blood sugar measurements. It can be seen that the dextran and the resins in itself does not give a positive result in the analysis (see tube 1 & 4 and flask 5) but that the digested dextran (tube 2 & 3) gives a high glucose content. The results from flasks 6 and 8 shows that the dextranase coupled to the resins degrades dextran on the Superdex 75 Increase prototype producing glucose in the supernatant. The degradation however occurs to a lesser degree compared to the free dextranase used in flask 7 which also can enter the pores of the Superdex 75 Increase prototype. After the study the gel were subjected to column packing and gel filtration analysis. The pressure flow properties are shown in FIG. 4.

(55) Pressure flow analyses (FIG. 4) shows that the dextranase treatment improves the properties of the resins (dextranase treated prototype from flask 8 compared to untreated reference resins), giving a lower pressure increase when increasing the flow and a higher collapse flow. The results are also shown numerically in Table 2.

(56) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Results from pressure flow analyses Max flow Max flow 0.5 ml/ stabil stabil Collaps min column column flow Prototype (Mpa) (ml/min) (Mpa) (ml/min) Comment Superdex 75 1.05 2.2 4.4 3.0 Reference Increase resin Superdex 75 0.94 2.7 4.7 3.5 Prototype Increase resin from dextranase flask 8 in treated Example 4)

(57) In the Examples, a Superdex 75 Increase prototype has been used. The properties of this prototype is that it is an highly cross-linked agarose bead with a bead size of about 8-9 μm and a dextran content of approximately 20-30 mg/ml.

(58) Any other bead containing dextran or modified dextran could also be treated according to the invention.