NEW SURFACTANT MIXTURE, NEW COMPOSITION COMPRISING SAME, AND USE THEREOF IN FOAM LIQUIDS FOR FIGHTING FIRES

Abstract

Disclosed is a surfactant mixture including: (i) 50%-99% of C1 which includes, per 100% of its weight: (a) 65%-90% of alkyl glutamate with C7-C17, and (b) 10%-35% of formula R1-C(═O)—OH; and (ii) 1%-50% of C2 which includes, per 100% of its weight: (c) 14-80% of C3, represented by R3-O-(G3)p-H where R3 represents C12-C16, G3 represents the residue of a reducing sugar, and 1.05≤p≤5, (d) 0%-3% of an alcohol R3-OH, (e) 20%-80% of C4, which is represented by R4-O-(G4)q-H where R4 represents C4-C7, G4 represents the residue of a reducing sugar and 1.05≤q≤5, and (f) 0%-3% of an alcohol R4-OH. Also disclosed are a fire-fighting foam liquid and a method for extinguishing a fire.

Claims

1- A surfactant mixture (M.sub.1) comprising, per 100% of its mass: (i)—from 50% to 99% by mass of a composition (C.sub.1) comprising, per 100% of its mass: (α)—from 65 mass % to 90 mass % of at least one compound of formula (I):
R.sub.1—C(═O)—NH—CH(COOH)—(CH.sub.2).sub.2—COOH  (I) in partially or totally salified acid form in which the group R.sub.1—C(═O)— represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated acyl radical including from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and (β)—from 10% by mass to 35% by mass of at least one compound of formula (II):
R.sub.1—C(═O)—OH  (II) in partially or totally salified acid form in which the group R.sub.1 is as defined for formula (I), (ii)—from 1% to 50% by mass of a composition (C.sub.2) comprising, per 100% of its mass: (γ)—from 14% to 80% by mass of a composition (C.sub.3) or of a mixture of compositions (C.sub.3), said composition (C.sub.3) being represented by formula (III):
R.sub.3—O-(G.sub.3).sub.p-H  (III) in which R.sub.3 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical including from 12 to 16 carbon atoms, G.sub.3 represents a reducing sugar residue and p represents a decimal number greater than or equal to 1.05 and less than or equal to 5, said composition (C.sub.3) consisting of a mixture of compounds represented by formulae (III.sub.1), (III.sub.2), (III.sub.3), (III.sub.4) and (III.sub.5):
R.sub.3—O-(G.sub.3).sub.1-H  (III.sub.1),
R.sub.3—O-(G.sub.3).sub.2-H  (III.sub.2),
R.sub.3—O-(G.sub.3).sub.3-H  (III.sub.3),
R.sub.3—O-(G.sub.3).sub.4-H  (III.sub.4),
R.sub.3—O-(G.sub.3).sub.5-H  (III.sub.5), in the respective molar proportions a.sub.1, a.sub.2, a.sub.3, a.sub.4 and a.sub.5, such that: the sum a.sub.1+a.sub.2+a.sub.3+a.sub.4+a.sub.5 is equal to 1, and the sum a.sub.1+2a.sub.2+3a.sub.3+4a.sub.4+5 as is equal to p; (δ)—from 0% to 3% by mass of at least one alcohol of formula (IV):
R.sub.3—OH  (IV) in which R.sub.3 is as defined for the preceding formula (III), (ϵ)—from 20% to 80% of a composition (C.sub.4) or of a mixture of compositions (C.sub.4), said composition (C.sub.4) being represented by formula (V):
R.sub.4—O-(G.sub.4).sub.q-H  (V) in which R.sub.4 represents a linear aliphatic radical, chosen from butyl, pentyl (nC.sub.5H.sub.11—), hexyl (nC.sub.6H.sub.13—) and heptyl (nC.sub.7H.sub.15—) radicals, G.sub.4 represents a reducing sugar residue and q represents a decimal number greater than or equal to 1.05 and less than or equal to 5, said composition (C.sub.4) consisting of a mixture of compounds represented by formulae (V.sub.1), (V.sub.2), (V.sub.3), (V.sub.4) and (V.sub.5):
R.sub.4—O-(G.sub.4).sub.1-H  (V.sub.1),
R.sub.4—O-(G.sub.4).sub.2-H  (V.sub.2),
R.sub.4—O-(G.sub.4).sub.3-H  (V.sub.3),
R.sub.4—O-(G.sub.4).sub.4-H  (V.sub.4),
R.sub.4—O-(G.sub.4).sub.5-H  (V.sub.5), in the respective molar proportions a′.sub.1, a′.sub.2, a′.sub.3, a′.sub.4 and a′.sub.5, such that: the sum a′.sub.1+a′.sub.2+a′.sub.3+a′.sub.4+a′.sub.5 is equal to 1, and the sum a′.sub.1+2a′.sub.2+3a′.sub.3+4a′.sub.4+5a′.sub.5 is equal to q; and (η)—from 0% to 3% by mass of at least one alcohol of formula (VI):
R.sub.4—OH  (VI) in which R.sub.4 is as defined for the preceding formula (V).

2- The surfactant mixture M.sub.1 as defined in claim 1, wherein, in formulae (I) and (II), the group R.sub.1—C(═O)— represents an acyl radical chosen from octanoyl, decanoyl, dodecanoyl, tetradecanoyl, hexadecanoyl, octadecanoyl, 9-octadecenoyl, 9,12-octadecadienoyl and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoyl radicals.

3- The surfactant mixture (M.sub.1) as defined in claim 1, wherein said composition (C.sub.2) comprises, per 100% of its mass: (γ)—a mass proportion of said composition (C.sub.3) of greater than or equal to 14% and less than 70%, and (δ)—a mass proportion of said alcohol of formula (IV) of greater than or equal to 0% and less than or equal to 3%, (ε)—a mass proportion of said composition (C.sub.4) of greater than or equal to 30% and less than or equal to 80%, and (η)—a mass proportion of said alcohol of formula (VI) of greater than or equal to 0% and less than or equal to 3%.

4- The surfactant mixture (M.sub.1) as defined in claim 1, wherein, in formula (III), G.sub.3 represents a reducing sugar residue chosen from glucose, xylose and arabinose residues.

5- The surfactant mixture (M.sub.1) as defined in claim 1, wherein, in formula (III), p represents a decimal number greater than or equal to 1.05 and less than or equal to 2.5.

6- The surfactant mixture (M.sub.1) as defined in claim 1, wherein, in formulae (III) and (IV), R.sub.3 represents a linear alkyl radical chosen from dodecyl, tetradecyl and hexyldecyl radicals.

7- The surfactant mixture (M.sub.1) as defined in claim 1, wherein, in formula (V), G.sub.4 represents a reducing sugar residue chosen from glucose, xylose and arabinose residues.

8- The surfactant mixture (M.sub.1) as defined in claim 1, wherein, in formula (V), q represents a decimal number greater than or equal to 1.05 and less than or equal to 2.5.

9- The surfactant mixture (M.sub.1) as defined in claim 1, wherein, in formulae (V) and (VI), R.sub.4 represents a linear alkyl radical chosen from hexyl and heptyl radicals.

10- The surfactant mixture (M.sub.1) as defined in claim 1, wherein said composition (C.sub.2) comprises a mixture of compositions (C.sub.3) and of compositions (C.sub.4), said mixture comprising, per 100% of its mass: (γ.sub.1)—from 13.6% to 44.4% by mass of a composition (C.sub.3) represented by formula (III) in which R.sub.3 represents the dodecyl radical, (γ.sub.2)—from 5% to 16.25% by mass of a composition (C.sub.3) represented by formula (III) in which R.sub.3 represents the tetradecyl radical, and (γ.sub.3)—from 1.4% to 4.55% by mass of a composition (C.sub.3) represented by formula (III) in which R.sub.3 represents the hexadecyl radical, (ϵ.sub.1)—from 35% to 80% by mass of a composition (C.sub.4) represented by formula (V) in which R.sub.4 represents the heptyl radical (nC.sub.7H.sub.15).

11- The surfactant mixture (M.sub.1) as defined in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio: Δ=Mass of compound (s) of formula (I)/[Mass of composition (C.sub.3)+Mass of composition (C.sub.4)], is greater than or equal to 20/80 and less than or equal to 65/35.

12- The surfactant mixture (M.sub.1) as defined in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio: Δ.sub.1=Mass of composition (C.sub.3)/Mass of composition (C.sub.4) is greater than or equal to 20/80 and less than or equal to 70/30.

13- A composition (C.sub.A) comprising, per 100% by mass: a)—from 5% to 85% by mass of said (M.sub.1) as defined in claim 1, and b)—from 15% to 95% by mass of water.

14- A composition (C.sub.E) comprising, per 100% by mass: a)—from 0.1% to 25% by mass of said mixture (M.sub.1) as defined in claim 1, b)—from 55% to 99.75% by mass of water, c)—from 0.05% to 10% by mass of at least one fluoro surfactant (FSA) chosen from anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric fluoro surfactants. d)—from 0.1% to 10% by mass of at least one gelling agent and/or thickener (GA) chosen from polysaccharides consisting of monosaccharide derivatives, polysaccharides consisting solely of monosaccharides, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, starches and linear or branched or crosslinked polyelectrolytes.

15- The composition (C.sub.E) as defined in claim 14, further comprising, per 100% of its mass: a)—from 0.1% to 25% by mass of said mixture (M.sub.1) in which: the compound of formula (I) is chosen from monosodium N-cocoyl glutamate, monopotassium N-cocoyl glutamate, disodium N-cocoyl glutamate and dipotassium N-cocoyl glutamate, the compound of formula (II) is chosen from sodium cocoate and potassium cocoate, in formula (III), R.sub.3 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical including from 12 to 16 carbon atoms, G.sub.3 represents a glucose or xylose residue and p represents a decimal number greater than or equal to 1.05 and less than or equal to 2.5; in formula (IV), R.sub.3 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical including from 12 to 16 carbon atoms, in formula (V), R.sub.4 represents the n-heptyl (nC.sub.7H.sub.15) radical, G.sub.4 represents a glucose or xylose residue and q represents a decimal number greater than or equal to 1.05 and less than or equal to 2, in formula (VI), R.sub.4 represents the n-heptyl (nC.sub.7H.sub.15) and 2-ethylhexyl radical, b)—from 55% to 99.75% by mass of water, c)—from 0.05% to 10% by mass of at least one fluoro surfactant (FSA) chosen from nonionic and amphoteric fluoro surfactants. d)—from 0.1% to 10% by mass of at least one gelling agent and/or thickener (GA) chosen from xanthan gum (G.sub.X), acacia gum exudate (G.sub.A), the mixture of xanthan gum (G.sub.X) and of acacia gum exudate (G.sub.A) in a mass ratio between the xanthan gum (G.sub.X) and the acacia gum exudate (G.sub.A) which is greater than or equal to ⅓ and less than or equal to 3/1.

16- A firefighting foam liquid comprising the surfactant mixture (M.sub.1) as defined in claim 1.

17- A process for extinguishing a fire, comprising: at least one step A.sub.1 of preparing a foam obtained by mixing a composition (C.sub.E) as defined in claim 14 with a gas or a mixture of gases, chosen from air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide, followed by at least one step A.sub.2 of placing the foam prepared in step A.sub.1 in contact with the surface that is on fire.

18- The process as claimed in claim 17, wherein step A.sub.1 consists of a step A.sub.1′ of diluting said composition (C.sub.E) with water, in a (C.sub.E)/water volume ratio of between 10/90 and 1/99, followed by a step step A.sub.1″ of mixing the dilute composition obtained on conclusion of step A.sub.1′ with a gas or a mixture of gases chosen from air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide.

19. The surfactant mixture (M.sub.1) as defined in claim 2, wherein said composition (C.sub.2) comprises, per 100% of its mass: (γ)—a mass proportion of said composition (C.sub.3) of greater than or equal to 14% and less than 70%, and (δ)—a mass proportion of said alcohol of formula (IV) of greater than or equal to 0% and less than or equal to 3%, (ε)—a mass proportion of said composition (C.sub.4) of greater than or equal to 30% and less than or equal to 80%, and (η)—a mass proportion of said alcohol of formula (VI) of greater than or equal to 0% and less than or equal to 3%.

20. The surfactant mixture (M.sub.1) as defined in claim 2, wherein, in formula (III), G.sub.3 represents a reducing sugar residue chosen from glucose, xylose and arabinose residues.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0213] The examples that follow illustrate the invention without, however, limiting it.

1) Preparation of Foaming Compositions

[0214] 1.1) Preparation of a Solution of Disodium N-Cocoyl Glutamate [Composition (C.sub.1)].

[0215] 315 kg of water and 177.2 kg of monosodium sodium glutamate monohydrate are placed in a reactor, with stirring and at a temperature of 20° C., followed by 152.5 kg of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 30% by mass so as to reach a pH of 12. 167 kg of cocoyl chloride, which is a mixture of acid chlorides comprising, per 100% by mass, 8% by mass of octanoyl chloride, 8% by mass of decanoyl chloride, 50% by mass of lauroyl chloride, 17% by mass of myristoyl chloride, 8% by mass of palmitoyl chloride, 3% by mass of stearoyl chloride, 4% by mass of oleoyl chloride and 2% by mass of linoleoyl chloride, are then added gradually with stirring, followed by a further 110 kg of the 30% sodium hydroxide solution to keep the pH between 11 and 12. The temperature is maintained between 20° C. and 50° C. for 2 hours.

[0216] The mixture obtained is acidified by adding 65 kg of an aqueous sulfuric acid solution at 70% by mass, and is then diluted with 75 kg of water to obtain an aqueous solution of disodium N-cocoyl glutamate [composition (C.sub.1)].

[0217] 1.2) Analytical Features Composition

[0218] The analytical features of composition (C.sub.1) are collated in table 1 below.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 (C.sub.1) Appearance at 20° C. (visual method) Clear Mass content of water (a) (according to the standard 56.1% NFT 73-201) Residual fatty acids (b) (gas chromatography (GC)) 8.2% pH 6.3 Sodium chloride content (potentiometric titration (c) 4.6% Sodium sulfate content (d) (calculated on feedstock) 5.6% Mass content of active material (AM.sub.1) (cocoyl glutamate) 25.5% (AM.sub.1) = 100% − (a) − (b) − (c) − (d)

2) Preparation of the Alkylpolyglycoside-Based Surfactant Compositions

2.1) Preparation of a Composition (C.SUB.3.)

[0219] 3.7 molar equivalents of a mixture of fatty alcohols (N.sub.1) consisting, per 100% of its mass, of 68% by mass of 1-dodecanol, of 25% by mass of 1-tetradecanol and of 7% by mass of 1-hexadecanol, and then 1 molar equivalent of anhydrous glucose are poured with stirring into a reactor maintained at 80° C., followed by 0.15% by mass of 98% sulfuric acid per 100% by mass of the mixture.

[0220] The reaction medium is placed under a partial vacuum of about 0.18×10.sup.5 Pa (180 mbar) and maintained at 100° C.-105° C. for 4 hours with distillation of the water formed.

[0221] After cooling to 85° C.-90° C. and neutralizing by addition of 40% sodium hydroxide, the reaction medium thus obtained is discharged at 70° C. and filtered to remove the grains of unreacted glucose.

[0222] The filtrate is then poured into another reactor and the excess of the mixture of fatty alcohols (N.sub.1) is removed by distillation using a thin-film evaporator, and the residue is then diluted in water. After stirring for 30 minutes at 50° C., composition (C.sub.3) is obtained, which comprises 50% by mass of water and 50% by mass of a mixture of alkylpolyglucosides (AM.sub.APG1), for which the proportions of alkylpolyglucosides and the mean degree of polymerization of their polyglucoside residue are determined by gas chromatography (GC); it thus comprises, per 100% by mass, 69% by mass of n-dodecyl polyglucosides, 25% by mass of n-tetradecyl polyglucosides and 6% by mass of n-hexyldecyl polyglucosides with a degree of polymerization equal to 1.25.

2.2) Preparation of a Composition (C.sub.4) Comprising n-Heptyl Polyglucoside

[0223] 2.7 molar equivalents of 1-heptanol and then 1 molar equivalent of anhydrous glucose are poured with stirring into a reactor maintained at 40° C., followed by 0.15% by mass of 98% sulfuric acid per 100% by mass of the mixture.

[0224] The reaction medium is placed under a partial vacuum of about 0.18×10.sup.5 Pa (180 mbar) and maintained at 100° C.-105° C. for 4 hours with distillation of the water formed.

[0225] After cooling to 85° C.-90° C. and neutralizing by addition of 40% sodium hydroxide, the reaction medium thus obtained is discharged at 70° C. and filtered to remove the grains of unreacted glucose.

[0226] The filtrate is then poured into another reactor and the excess heptanol is distilled off under partial vacuum, and the residue is then diluted in water.

[0227] After stirring for 30 minutes at 50° C., composition (C.sub.4) is obtained comprising 26.4% by mass of water and 73.6% by mass of n-heptyl polyglucosides (AM.sub.APG2), with a degree of polymerization, determined by GC, equal to 1.25.

3) Preparation of Compositions According to the Invention and of Comparative Compositions

[0228] Four compositions, (T.sub.1).sub.inv., (T.sub.2).sub.inv., (T.sub.3).sub.inv. and (T.sub.4).sub.inv. according to the invention and comparative two compositions (T.sub.5).sub.comp. and (T.sub.6).sub.comp. are prepared by pouring, with stirring, into a reactor maintained at 40° C., the composition (C.sub.1) and at least one of the compositions (C.sub.3) or (C.sub.4). The mixture is stirred for 30 minutes to obtain one of the compositions (T.sub.1).sub.inv. to (T.sub.4).sub.inv. and (T.sub.5).sub.comp. and (T.sub.6).sub.comp.. The amounts used are collated in table 2 below:

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Amounts used (C.sub.1) (C.sub.3) (C.sub.4) (C.sub.1) (T.sub.1).sub.inv. 74.9 g 11.1 g 14.0 g (T.sub.1).sub.inv. 74.9 g (T.sub.2).sub.inv. 73.8 g 15.6 g 10.6 g (T.sub.2).sub.inv. 73.8 g (T.sub.3).sub.inv. 72.8 g 19.9 g  7.3 g (T.sub.3).sub.inv. 72.8 g (T.sub.4).sub.inv. 75.7 g  8.0 g 16.4 g (T.sub.4).sub.inv. 75.7 g (T.sub.5).sub.comp. 72.1 g 22.7 g  5.2 g (T.sub.5).sub.comp. 72.1 g (T.sub.6).sub.comp. 76.0 g   0 g 24.0 g (T.sub.6).sub.comp. 76.0 g

[0229] The analytical features of comparative compositions (T.sub.1).sub.inv., (T.sub.2).sub.inv., (T.sub.3).sub.inv., (T.sub.4).sub.inv., (T.sub.5).sub.comp. and (T.sub.6).sub.comp. are collated in table 3 below.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 FA.sup.(1) T.sup.(2) T′.sup.(3) H.sub.2O (%) Δ .sub.1.sup.(4) Appearance (T.sub.1).sub.inv. 5.84% 61.4% 38.6% 52.32% 35/65 Homogeneous (T.sub.2).sub.inv. 5.76% 61.8% 38.2% 53.04% 50/50 Homogeneous (T.sub.3).sub.inv. 5.68% 62.2% 38.8% 53.74% 65/35 Homogeneous (T.sub.4).sub.inv. 5.90% 61.1% 38.9% 51.85% 25/75 Homogeneous (T.sub.5).sub.comp. 5.62% 62.4% 37.6% 54.18% 74.8/25.2 Homogeneous (T.sub.6).sub.comp. 5.93% 58.8% 41.2% 50.03%  0/100 Homogeneous .sup.(1)Residual fatty acids (mass percentage) .sup.(2)T = (AM.sub.1)/[(AM.sub.1) + (AM.sub.APG1) + (AM.sub.APG2)] .sup.(3)T′ = [(AM.sub.APG1) + (AM.sub.APG2)]/[(AM.sub.1) + (AM.sub.APG1) + (AM.sub.APG2)] .sup.(4)Δ .sub.1 = (AM.sub.APG1)/(AM.sub.APG2)

4) Evaluation of the Foaming Properties

[0230] 4.1) Principle of the Evaluation Method

[0231] The evaluation of the foaming properties of the test compositions is performed by forming a foam, from a solution of OMS hard water comprising a predetermined mass content of the test compositions, by mechanical stirring at a temperature of 20° C.

[0232] 4.2) Experimental Protocol

[0233] 250 cm.sup.3 aqueous solutions are prepared so as to obtain solutions containing 0.5% by mass of surfactant active material in OMS hard water, from the compositions (T.sub.1).sub.inv., (T.sub.2).sub.inv., (T.sub.3).sub.inv., (T.sub.4).sub.inv.. (T.sub.5).sub.comp., (T.sub.6).sub.comp., (C.sub.1), (C.sub.3) and (C.sub.4).

[0234] 250 cm.sup.3 aqueous solutions containing 0.39% of surfactant active material in OMS hard water from the compositions (C.sub.1), and also a 250 cm.sup.3 aqueous solution containing 0.11% of surfactant active material in OMS hard water from the composition (C.sub.1) are also prepared.

[0235] The OMS hard water contains, per liter of permuted water, 0.403 g of anhydrous calcium chloride and 0.139 g of magnesium chloride hexahydrate; which gives it a hardness titer equal to 34°Th.

[0236] These solutions are poured into a 500 cm.sup.3 beaker and are then stirred using a Rayneri™ laboratory blender (model 33/300) equipped with a butterfly paddle with three hollow arms, at a constant speed of 3000 rpm for 2 minutes.

[0237] 4.3) Expressing the Results

[0238] The following parameters are measured for each test: [0239] The expansion time (T.sub.exp.): this is the stirring time after which suppression of the vortex in the beaker is observed. Beyond this time, the foam totally surrounds the shaft of the paddle and its level is horizontal; [0240] The half-life time (T.sub.1/2): this is the time after which the foam obtained from a certain volume of foaming solution became drained of an amount of solution corresponding to half of the initial volume. For this test, the half-life time is reached when the upper level of the draining water reaches the 125 cm.sup.3 mark on the beaker; [0241] The height of foam generated by stirring (H.sub.to): this is the height of foam generated at the end of the 2 minutes of stirring; [0242] The residual foam height after 30 minutes (H.sub.t30): this is the foam height observed 30 minutes after the end of the 2 minutes of stirring. [0243] The difference Δ.sub.H=(H.sub.to−H.sub.t30), makes it possible to evaluate comparatively the quality of the foams generated by the various surfactants. [0244] The degree of expansion (T.sub.F): this is the value of the ratio between the volume of foam (V.sub.m) produced by a foaming composition to the volume (V.sub.s) of the foaming solution used (water and foam liquid).

[0245] 4.4) Results Obtained

[0246] The results obtained for the aqueous solutions of active material in the OMS hard water for compositions (T.sub.1).sub.inv., (T.sub.2).sub.inv., (T.sub.3).sub.inv., (T.sub.4).sub.inv., (T.sub.5).sub.comp., (T.sub.6).sub.comp., (C.sub.1), (C.sub.3) and (C.sub.4) are indicated in table 4 below.

TABLE-US-00004 0.50% (T.sub.exp) (T.sub.1/2) (H.sub.to) (H.sub.t30) (ΔH) (T.sub.F) (T.sub.1).sub.inv. 12 s 48 min 160 mm 145 mm 15 mm 6.5 (T.sub.2).sub.inv. 13 s 40 min 170 mm 145 mm 25 mm 6.6 (T.sub.3).sub.inv. 24 s 36 min 170 mm 145 mm 25 mm 6.5 (T.sub.4).sub.inv. 10 s 46 min 170 mm 145 mm 25 mm 6.7 (T.sub.5).sub.comp. 22 s 12 min 175 mm n.m. n.m. n.m. (T.sub.6).sub.comp. 44 s 30 min 125 mm 115 mm 10 mm 6.8 (C.sub.1) 27 s 37 min 145 mm 120 mm 25 mm 6.4 (C.sub.3) >2 min n.m. n.m. n.m. n.d. n.m. (C.sub.4) >2 min n.m. n.m. n.m. n.d. n.m. n.m. : not measurable; n.d. : not determined

[0247] 4.5) Analysis of the Results

These results show that the compositions according to the invention make it possible to prepare foams having all the qualities required for use in firefighting, unlike the comparative compositions.

5) Formulation Examples

[0248] The proportions of constituents are expressed as mass percentages.

5.1) Firefighting Foam Liquid Composition of ARAFFF Type

[0249]

TABLE-US-00005 Formula Monopropylene glycol: 10%  Rhodopol ™ 23 .sup.(1) 1% Sipol ™ C.sub.12-C.sub.14.sup.(2) 1% Composition (T.sub.1).sub.inv. 10%  Forafac ™ 1157 .sup.(3) 2% Forafac ™ 1157 N .sup.(4) 2% Urea 10%  Seawater qs 100%  .sup.  .sup.(1) Rhodopol ™ 23 Xanthan gum sold by the company Rhodia, .sup.(2) Sipol ™ C.sub.12-C.sub.14, mixture of fatty alcohols comprising, by weight, 85% of C.sub.12 alcohol and 15% of C.sub.14 alcohol, sold by the company BASF, .sup.(3) and .sup.(4): amphoteric fluoro surfactants manufactured by the company Arkema, of general formula: C.sub.nF.sub.2n + 1—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—SO.sub.2—NH—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—N.sup.+(CH.sub.3).sub.2—CH.sub.2—COO.sup.—

5.2) Firefighting Foam Liquid Composition of ARAFFF Type

[0250]

TABLE-US-00006 Formula Monopropylene glycol: 10% Solagum ™ AX.sup.(5) 1.2%  Sipol ™ C.sub.12-C.sub.14.sup.(2)  1% Composition (T.sub.1).sub.inv. 10% Forafac ™ 1157 .sup.(3)  2% Forafac ™ 1157 N .sup.(4)  2% Urea 10% Seawater qs 100%  .sup.  .sup.(5): Solagum ™ AX (INCI name: Acacia Senegal gum & xanthan gum) is an emulsifying agent sold by the company SEPPIC.