Mycotoxin-Adsorbent Compound and Use Thereof

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a compound with mycotoxin-adsorbent properties. The compound includes at least one magnesium phyllosilicate in a percentage between 25% and 75% by weight of the total mixture, at least one aluminium phyllosilicate in a percentage between 25% and 85% by weight of the total mixture, and activated vegetable charcoal in a percentage between 1% and 10% by weight of the total mixture. Another object of the disclosure is the obtainment method and use of the compound as a raw material in the formulation of compound feed, as an additive in finished mixtures intended for direct consumption by the animal, or as an ingredient in the formulation of complex mycotoxin-adsorbent additives.

Claims

1. A compound with mycotoxin-adsorbent properties, comprising: (a) at least one magnesium phyllosilicate in a percentage between 25% and 75% by weight of the total mixture; (b) at least one aluminium phyllosilicate in a percentage between 25% and 85% by weight of the total mixture; and (c) activated vegetable charcoal in a percentage between 1% and 10% by weight of the total mixture.

2. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the magnesium phyllosilicate comprises between 20% and 50% by weight of the total mixture.

3. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the aluminium phyllosilicate comprises between 50% and 80% by weight of the total mixture.

4. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the magnesium phyllosilicate is sepiolite.

5. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the aluminium phyllosilicate is selected from the group of smectites.

6. The compound according to claim 5, wherein the smectite is natural sodium dioctahedral smectite.

7. The compound according to claim 1, comprising a mixture of 19% by weight of sepiolite, 79% by weight of natural sodium bentonite, and 2% by weight of activated vegetable charcoal.

8. A method for obtaining the compound of claim 1, comprising: (a) mixing at least one magnesium phyllosilicate in a percentage between 25% and 75% by weight of the total mixture; (b) mixing at least one aluminium phyllosilicate in a percentage between 25% and 85% by weight of the total mixture; and (c) mixing activated vegetable charcoal in a percentage between 1% and 10% by weight of the total mixture.

9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising: milling the compound until obtaining an average particle size smaller than 0.15 mm.

10. A method of preparing a compound feed, comprising: using the compound of claim 1 as a raw material.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the percentage of the compound in the feed comprises between 0.1% and 0.4% by weight of the total feed.

12. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound is an additive in mixtures for animal nutrition.

13. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound is an ingredient in the formulation of complex mycotoxin-adsorbent additives.

14. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound is an adsorbent of at least one mycotoxin aflatoxin B1, fumonisin, zearalenone, toxin T2, ochratoxin, or deoxynivalenol.

15. The compound according to claim 1, wherein compound is used for the treatment and/or prevention of mycotoxicosis.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0037] FIG. 1 shows the efficacy data corresponding to the dose of 2 kg per tonne of example 1.

[0038] FIG. 2 shows the efficacy data corresponding to the dose of 2 kg per tonne of example 2.

[0039] FIG. 3 shows the efficacy data corresponding to the dose of 2 kg per tonne of example 3.

[0040] FIG. 4 shows the efficacy data corresponding to the dose of 2 kg per tonne of example 4.

[0041] FIG. 5 shows the efficacy data corresponding to the dose of 2 kg per tonne of example 5.

[0042] FIG. 6 shows the efficacy data corresponding to the dose of 4 kg per tonne of example 1.

[0043] FIG. 7 shows the efficacy data corresponding to the dose of 4 kg per tonne of example 2.

[0044] FIG. 8 shows the efficacy data corresponding to the dose of 4 kg per tonne of example 3.

[0045] FIG. 9 shows the efficacy data corresponding to the dose of 4 kg per tonne of example 4.

[0046] FIG. 10 shows the efficacy data corresponding to the dose of 4 kg per tonne of example 5.

[0047] FIG. 11 shows the efficacy data corresponding to example 6.

[0048] FIG. 12 shows the data relative to efficacy against fumonisin corresponding to the comparative data of the present object of the invention compared to a mixture of a commercial product formed by phyllosilicates and yeast walls.

[0049] FIG. 13 shows the data relative to efficacy against zearalenone corresponding to the comparative data of the present object of the invention compared to a mixture of a commercial product formed by phyllosilicates and yeast walls.

[0050] FIG. 14 shows vitamin B6 recovery data at pH 2.

[0051] FIG. 15 shows vitamin B6 recovery data at pH 7.

EXAMPLES

[0052] With the object of proving the efficacy of the claimed compound, a series of adsorption assays of different low-polarity mycotoxins under in vitro conditions, simulating the digestive tract of an animal, were conducted. In this regard, due to the complexity of conducting assays with live animals and to the large number of variables that influence final performance and to the difficulty of evaluating efficacy, the general criterion is to test the efficacy of the products in vitro using one of the most accurate analytical techniques, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This technique is performed by adding the sequestrant compound to be analysed to 10 ml of a buffer solution at pH 3 containing the mycotoxin concentration to be studied. Next, the solution is incubated at 37° C. for 3 hours under agitation and the resulting solution containing non-sequestered mycotoxin is analysed using HPLC, said value being that corresponding to Adsorption. Next, the previous solution is discarded and, since the sequestrant is decanted at the bottom of the test tube, 10 ml of a buffer tampon at pH 6.5 is added thereto for the purpose of simulating the intestinal conditions of the animals. The solution is incubated at 37° C. for 3 hours under agitation and is analysed again using HPLC in order to analyse the mycotoxin released by the sequestrant (corresponding to the Desorption value).

[0053] It is important that the bond between the sequestrant and mycotoxin is maintained throughout the animal's digestive system, such that the mycotoxin is anchored to an acid pH (Adsorption) and is capable of remaining physically bonded to the sequestrant when a basic pH is reached (Desorption). The difference between Adsorption and Desorption is called Efficacy.

Example 1

[0054] In this first example, the efficacy of a sequestrant compound in accordance with the present invention was assayed. In particular, the composition of said compound was 19% sepiolite, 79% natural sodium smectite and 2% activated vegetable charcoal. All the percentages are percentages by weight with respect to the total mixture.

[0055] This compound was subjected to an in vitro study of fumonisin adsorption efficacy at a dose of 2 kg and 4 kg per tonne of sequestrant compound. The conditions of said study consisted of a concentration of 2 ppm of mycotoxin, an adsorption pH of 3 and a desorption pH of 6.5.

[0056] The efficacy data at a dose of sequestrant of 2 kg per tonne are represented in FIG. 1. As shown in said figure, an efficacy of 98.8% was achieved, with an adsorption of 99.5% and desorption of 0.7%.

[0057] The efficacy data at a dose of sequestrant of 4 kg per tonne are represented in FIG. 6. In this case, an efficacy of 99.9% was achieved, with an adsorption of 99% and desorption of 0.1%.

Example 2

[0058] In this case, the efficacy of a compound with the same composition as that described in example 1 (consisting of 19% sepiolite, 79% natural sodium smectite and 2% activated vegetable charcoal) was assayed. This compound was subjected to an in vitro study of zearalenone adsorption efficacy at a dose of 2 kg and 4 kg per tonne of sequestrant compound. The conditions of said study were the same, consisting of 2 ppm of mycotoxin, an adsorption pH of 3 and a desorption pH of 6.5.

[0059] The efficacy data at a dose of sequestrant of 2 kg per tonne are represented in FIG. 2. As shown in said figure, an efficacy of 99.4% was achieved, with an adsorption of 99.7% and desorption of 0.3%.

[0060] The efficacy data at a dose of sequestrant of 4 kg per tonne are represented in FIG. 7. In this case, an efficacy of 100% was achieved, with an adsorption of 100% and desorption of 0%.

Example 3

[0061] In this case the efficacy of a compound with the same composition as that described in example 1 (consisting of 19% sepiolite, 79% natural sodium smectite and 2% activated vegetable charcoal) was assayed. This compound was subjected to an in vitro study of ochratoxin adsorption efficacy at a dose of 2 kg and 4 kg per tonne of sequestrant compound. The conditions of said study were the same, consisting of 2 ppm of mycotoxin, an adsorption pH of 3 and a desorption pH of 6.5.

[0062] The efficacy data at a dose of sequestrant of 2 kg per tonne are represented in FIG. 3. As shown in said figure, an efficacy of 99.3% was achieved, with an adsorption of 100% and desorption of 0.7%.

[0063] The efficacy data at a dose of sequestrant of 4 kg per tonne are represented in FIG. 8. In this case, an efficacy of 98.1% was achieved, with an adsorption of 99.6% and desorption of 1.5%.

Example 4

[0064] In this case, the efficacy of a compound with the same composition as that described in example 1 (consisting of 19% sepiolite, 79% natural sodium smectite and 2% activated vegetable charcoal) was assayed. This compound was subjected to an in vitro study of toxin T2 adsorption efficacy at a dose of 2 kg and 4 kg per tonne of sequestrant compound. The conditions of said study were the same, consisting of 2 ppm of mycotoxin, an adsorption pH of 3 and a desorption pH of 6.5.

[0065] The efficacy data at a dose of sequestrant of 2 kg per tonne are represented in FIG. 4. As shown in said figure, an efficacy of 94.4% was achieved, with an adsorption of 99.6% and desorption of 5.1%.

[0066] The efficacy data at a dose of sequestrant of 4 kg per tonne are represented in FIG. 9. In this case, an efficacy of 97.4% was achieved, with an adsorption of 99.1% and desorption of 1.7%.

Example 5

[0067] In this case, the efficacy of a compound with the same composition as that described in example 1 (consisting of 19% sepiolite, 79% natural sodium smectite and 2% activated vegetable charcoal) was assayed. This compound was subjected to an in vitro study of deoxynivalenol adsorption efficacy at a dose of 2 kg and 4 kg per tonne of sequestrant compound. The conditions of said study were the same, consisting of 2 ppm of mycotoxin, an adsorption pH of 3 and a desorption pH of 6.5.

[0068] The efficacy data at a dose of sequestrant of 2 kg per tonne are represented in FIG. 5. As shown in said figure, an efficacy of 54% was achieved, with an adsorption of 66.5% and desorption of 12.5%.

[0069] The efficacy data at a dose of sequestrant of 4 kg per tonne are represented in FIG. 9. In this case, an efficacy of 87.2% was achieved, with an adsorption of 91% and desorption of 3.8%.

Example 6

[0070] In this case, the efficacy of a compound with the same composition as that described in example 1 (consisting of 19% sepiolite, 79% natural sodium smectite and 2% activated vegetable charcoal) was assayed. This compound was subjected to an in vitro study of aflatoxin B1 adsorption efficacy at a dose of 0.2 kg per tonne of sequestrant compound. The conditions of said study were the same, consisting of 4 ppm of mycotoxin and an adsorption pH of 5. The efficacy data at the dose of sequestrant represented in FIG. 11 were 96.8%.

[0071] The foregoing examples therefore make it possible to demonstrate the great efficacy of the claimed compound in the sequestration of all types of mycotoxins, which proves its utility in the prevention and/or treatment of intoxications caused by these types of compounds.

Example 7

[0072] In this case, the efficacy of a compound with the same composition as that described in example 1 (consisting of 19% sepiolite, 79% natural sodium smectite and 2% activated vegetable charcoal), represented in FIG. 12 as P2, was assayed. This compound was subjected to an in vitro study of fumonisin adsorption efficacy at a dose of 4 kg per tonne of sequestrant compound.

[0073] Next, a comparative study was conducted on a commercially available mycotoxin sequestrant compound composed of phyllosilicates and yeast walls, represented in FIG. 12 as P1. The conditions of said study were the same, consisting of 2 ppm of mycotoxin, an adsorption pH of 3 and a desorption pH of 6.5.

[0074] The assay made it possible to demonstrate the great efficacy of the compound that is the object of the invention compared to a commercially available sequestrant. In particular, as shown in FIG. 12, the efficacy achieved with the compound that is the object of the invention was 99.9%, compared to 17.8% obtained with the commercially available sequestrant.

Example 8

[0075] In this case, the efficacy of a compound with the same composition as that described in example 1 (consisting of 19% sepiolite, 79% natural sodium smectite and 2% activated vegetable charcoal), represented in FIG. 13 as P2, was assayed. This compound was subjected to an in vitro study of zearalenone adsorption efficacy at a dose of 4 kg per tonne of sequestrant compound.

[0076] Next, a comparative study was conducted on a commercially available mycotoxin sequestrant compound composed of phyllosilicates and yeasts, represented in FIG. 13 as P1. The conditions of said study were 2 ppm of mycotoxin, an adsorption pH of 3 and a desorption pH of 6.5.

[0077] Once again, the assay made it possible to demonstrate the great efficacy of the compound that is the object of the invention compared to a commercially available sequestrant. In particular, as shown in FIG. 13, the efficacy achieved with the compound that is the object of the invention was 100%, compared to 56.3% obtained with the commercially available sequestrant.

Example 9

[0078] In this case, the sequestration security of vitamin B6 of a compound with the same composition as that described in example 1 (consisting of 19% sepiolite, 79% natural sodium smectite and 2% activated vegetable charcoal), was assayed.

[0079] This compound was subjected to an in vitro study of vitamin B6 sequestration security. In particular, three assays were conducted, the first using feed not including the compound that is the object of the invention, the second using feed including said compound and the third as a negative control, using only vitamin B6. The conditions of the three assays were identical, conducted at pH 2.

[0080] As can be observed in FIG. 14, the vitamin B6 recovery data were 84.5%, 88% and 89%, respectively. Therefore, this shows the high specificity of the compound that is the object of the invention, which is highly advantageous when used as an additive or component of the feed intended for animal nutrition.

Example 10

[0081] In this case, the sequestration security of vitamin B6 of a compound with the same composition as that described in example 1 (consisting of 19% sepiolite, 79% natural sodium smectite and 2% activated vegetable charcoal), was assayed.

[0082] This compound was subjected to an in vitro study of vitamin B6 sequestration security. In particular, three assays were conducted, the first using feed not including the compound that is the object of the invention, the second using feed including said compound and the third as a negative control, using only vitamin B6. The conditions of the three assays were identical, conducted at pH 7.

[0083] As can be observed in FIG. 15, the vitamin B6 recovery data were 83.7%, 83.6% and 85.7%, respectively. Therefore, this demonstrates the high specificity of the compound that is the object of the invention, which is highly advantageous when used as an additive or component of the feed intended for animal nutrition.