Complex Of Equipment And Method of Waste-Free Processing Of Biodegradable Municipal Waste

Abstract

Complex of equipment for a waste-free processing of biodegradable municipal waste is solved in such a way that at the input (1) of BMW a crusher (2) is included, the output of with is connected to either a hygieniser (3) or a drying line (5). The output from the hygieniser (3) is connected to the biogas plant (4) input. The output of the bulk intermediate from the biogas plant (4) is connected to the drying line (5). The drying line (5) output is connected either to a pyrolyzer (7) with a second product output (7.1) of bio-coal or is connected to a compaction machine (8). The drying line (5) or the compaction machine (8) has the first product output (8.1) of soil substrate. From the pyrolyzer (7) to the drying line (5) there is a return loop included through a mixing device (6) with input (10) of bio-nutrient waste, whereby the compaction machine (8) included after the drying line (5) has a third product output (8.2).

Claims

1. A system for waste-free processing of biodegradable municipal waste (BMW), the system comprising: a crusher configured to accept BMW input; at least one of: a hygieniser configured to accept output from the crusher; or a drying line configured to accept the output from the crusher; biogas plant input connected to the hygieniser and configured to accept output from the hygieniser, the biogas plant configured to output a bulk intermediate material, wherein the drying line is configured to accept the bulk intermediate material from the biogas plant; a pyrolyzer connected to: the drying line and configured to accept output from the drying line including bio-coal; or a compaction machine, wherein the drying line or the compaction machine produces a soil-substrate output.

2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a return loop disposed between the pyrolyzer and the drying line, the return loop included through a mixing device configured to input bio-nutrient waste, wherein the compaction machine is disposed after the drying line and is configured to produce another product output.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein operational parameters of the biogas plant are set to produce at least one of an energy output of heat, an energy output of electricity, or an energy output of Bio-CNG.

4. A method of waste-free processing of biodegradable municipal waste (BMW), the method comprising: crushing the BMW by a crusher to generate crushed BMW; at least one of: performing a first process including: hygienizing the crushed BMW with an intermediate material of hygienised biomass; performing biomass gasification with an intermediate of digestate; and drying an output of the biomass gasification until a dried soil substrate is generated; or drying the crushed BMW until the dried soil substrate is generated.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: after drying at least one of the output of the biomass gasification or the crushed BMW, performing palletization of the dried soil substrate until pelletised soil substrate is generated.

6. The method of claim 4, further comprising: performing a carbonization operation on the dried soil substrate until bio-coal is generated.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising: performing a mixing operation of the bio-coal and bio-nutrient waste, wherein an intermediate of the mixing operation is utilized during the drying until a dried land improvement soil substrate is generated.

8. The method of claim 7, further comprising: performing a pelleting operation on the dried land improvement soil substrate until a pelletised land improvement soil substrate is generated.

Description

OVERVIEW OF FIGURES ON THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The subject of the solution, according to the invention will be clarified in more detail in the drawings, in which FIG. 1 is a complex of equipment for a waste-free processing of biodegradable municipal waste.

[0024] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a method of waste-free processing of biodegradable municipal waste in the complex of equipment.

THE EXAMPLES OF EMBODIMENTS

[0025] It is understood that the individual embodiments according to the invention are intended to be illustrative and not limiting technical solutions. Those skilled in the art will find or will be able to ascertain, using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention. Also such equivalents will fall within the scope of the following claims.

[0026] For those skilled in the art, it would be no problem to make, an optimal design of the construction and the selection of its elements. For this reason, these features have not been addressed in detail.

Example 1

[0027] In this example of a particular embodiment, a minimum configuration of the complex of equipment for a waste-free processing of biodegradable municipal waste according to the invention is described, as shown in FIG. 1. It consists of the first entry 1 of BMW to the complex of equipment, to which a crusher 2 is included, the output of which is connected to either a hygieniser 3 or a drying, line 5 in a controlled manner. The output of the bulk, intermediate from the hygieniser 3 is connected to the biogas plant 4 input. The output of the bulk intermediate from the biogas plant 4 is connected to the drying line 5. The drying line 5 output is connected either to a pyrolyzer 7 with a second product output 7.1 of bio-coal, or is connected to a compaction machine 8. Thereby, the drying line 5 or the compaction machine 8 has the first product output 8.1 of bulk or pelletised soil substrate. The complex of equipment for a waste-free processing of biodegradable municipal waste has an energy output 4.1 of heat and/or an energy output 4.2 of electricity and/or an energy output 4.3 of Bio-CNG from the biogas plant 4.

Example 2

[0028] In this example of a particular embodiment, a complete configuration of the complex of equipment for a waste-free processing of biodegradable municipal waste according to the invention is described. It derives thereby from a minimum configuration described in Example 1 and expanded as described below. The complex of equipment for a waste-free processing of biodegradable municipal waste can be expanded by further raw material input in such a way that from the pyrolyzer 7 to the drying line 5 there is a return loop included through a mixing device 6 with input 10 of bio-nutrient waste, such as animal manure. The drying line 5 or the compaction machine 8 then has a third product output 8.2 of bulk or pelletised land improvement substrate.

Example 3

[0029] In this example of a particular embodiment, a limited method of waste-free processing of biodegradable municipal waste according to the invention operated on the above-described complex, of equipment for a waste-free processing of biodegradable municipal waste described in Example 1 is described. In the method according to the invention, the processed waste is collected in barrels and consequently fed to the first raw material input 1 of biodegradable municipal waste BMW, from where this is crushed by a crushing operation A in a crusher—mill to a fraction where the particles have a maximum dimension of 12 mm.

[0030] If BMW is made up of waste of plant origin only—phytomas, such as leaves, cuttings of branches and bushes coming from landscape design, the drying operation of the input crushed biodegradable municipal waste to a dried soil substrate follows, which is in the bulk form already an output product. If the operation of pelletisation E of the dried soil substrate D.1 is included after the drying operation D, then the first output product is the pelletised soil substrate D.1-1.

[0031] The above-described technology can be expanded so that the dried soil substrate D proceeds to the next carbonization operation F with the second output product F.1-1 of bio-coal.

[0032] If BMW is made up of waste of plant origin only—phytomas, such as potato, vegetable or cucumber peels, vegetable top and also animal waste—biomass such as residues of meat dishes from catering and restaurant waste, thus the hygienisation operation B follows, in which the crushed BMW is exposed to a temperature above 70° C. for 60 minutes while mixing. The result of hygienisation is an intermediate B.1 of the hygienised biomass. The hygienised biomass is processed in a subsequent biomass gasification operation C, the waste intermediate C.1 of which is the digestate (separate). The main products of biomass gasification are heat H.1 usable for example in drying operation D, electricity H.2 used to power at least some of the equipment of the complex of equipment for a waste-free processing of biodegradable municipal waste and Bio-CNG H.3 gas. The waste intermediate C.1 digestate (separate) is fed to the dryer and by a drying operation D it is processed by drying to a dried soil substrate D.1, which is in the bulk form already an output product. If the operation E of pelletisation of the dried soil substrate D.1 is included after the drying operation D, then the first output product D.1-1 is the pelletised soil substrate.

[0033] The above-described technology can be expanded so that the dried soil substrate D.1 proceeds to the next carbonization operation F with the second output product F.1-1 of bio-coal.

Example 4

[0034] In this example of a particular embodiment, a complete method of waste-free processing of biodegradable municipal waste according to the invention, operated in the method described above in Example 3 is described, expanded as described below. The second output product F.1-1 of bio-coal proceeds to the next mixing operation G—mixing with bio-nutrient waste from the second input 10, wherein the intermediate G.1 of mixing is fed to the drying operation D with output of dried land improvement soil substrate D.2. If the dried land improvement soil substrate D.2 is subjected to a pelleting operation E, a third output product D.2-1 of pelletised land improvement soil substrate is obtained.

INDUSTRIAL USABILITY

[0035] The industrial usability of the complex of equipment and the method of waste free processing of biodegradable municipal waste according to the invention are especially in the field, of BMW processing.