MORTAR SPRAY GUN, DEVICE COMPRISING SAME, AND SPRAYING METHOD

Abstract

A system for spraying granular pasty matrices onto buildings. A spray gun for a wet mortar which makes possible the easy, safe and efficient spraying of wet mortars including aggregates with a particle size D50 of between 1 and 15 millimeters. The system which it concerns which includes spray gun for wet mortar provided with gun body, with at least one injector emerging in contacting chamber, at least one spray nozzle for mortar, and at least one connection end piece mounted on inlet of body for flow of mortar. Flow of mortar within the guiding duct of body is monodirectional or multidirectional (angular deviation<30°. The position of injection head of the injector in chamber is adjustable. The mortar is constituted by a pasty matrix including aggregates, fillers and additives. The aggregates have a D50=1-15 mm and a form factor F≠1.

Claims

1. A spray gun for a wet mortar comprising: a gun body exhibiting: at least one inlet for a flow of wet mortar intended to be connected to a supply line for this flow of wet mortar; at least one opening for injection of a jet of spray fluid; and at least one chamber for bringing the jet of spray fluid into contact with the flow of wet mortar; at least one duct for guiding the flow of wet mortar from the inlet of the gun body up to the contacting chamber; at least one outlet for sprayed wet mortar; at least one injector mounted on the injection opening and comprising at least one head emerging in the contacting chamber, this injector being capable of producing a jet of spray fluid in the direction of the outlet of the gun body; the injector being intended to be connected to a pipe for feeding with spray fluid; at least one spray nozzle for the mortar, intended to be mounted on the outlet of the gun body; at least one connection end piece mounted on the inlet of the gun body provided for the admission of the flow of wet mortar; wherein a. the guiding duct is designed so that the flow of wet mortar within this duct is monodirectional or multidirectional, with the condition according to which any change in the direction of the flow corresponds to an angular deviation ED of less than or equal to 30°; b. the position of the injection head of the injector in the contacting chamber is adjustable; c. the wet mortar is constituted by a pasty matrix including aggregates; (c.1) the matrix being constituted by a mixture comprising at least one liquid, at least one binder comprising particles with a particle size D50 of less than or equal to 150 μm, optionally fillers and optionally at least one additive; (c.2) at least a part of these aggregates having: a particle size D50 of between 1 and 15 mm; and a form factor F defined as being the ratio of the largest dimension of an aggregate to its smallest dimension, such that F is different from 1.

2. The gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein ED less than or equal to 30°.

3. The gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein: (i). the spray nozzle comprises a casing which exhibits an outer face, an inner face, an inlet, the largest internal dimension of which in straight cross section is D20, and a terminal opening, the largest internal dimension of which in straight cross section is D2.1; the inner face, the inlet and the terminal opening defining the port of the nozzle; (ii). the port comprises a terminal segment extending from the terminal opening in the direction of the inlet; (iii). the largest internal dimension in straight cross section of the terminal segment increases continuously from the value D2.1 of the terminal opening forming one end of the terminal segment up to the value D2.2 of the other end of the terminal segment.

4. The gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein the straight cross section of the terminal opening, of the terminal segment so that the terminal segment is frustoconical.

5. The gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein the guiding duct is designed so that the flow of wet mortar is monodirectional and in that the angle a between the direction of the flow of wet mortar and the direction of the jet of spray fluid is such that: α45°.

6. The gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the guiding duct has a minimum internal diameter D1; the spray nozzle for the mortar exhibits a terminal opening with a minimum internal diameter D2; and D1/D2≥1.

7. The gun as claimed in claim 6, wherein: 20≤D1 (in mm)≤60; 10≤D2 (in mm)≤25.

8. The gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the spray nozzle has a frustoconical shape; and in that the internal angle γ of this nozzle is between 5° and 30°.

9. The gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inlet of the gun body provided for the admission of the flow of wet mortar is intended to be connected to a supply hose for the flow of wet mortar, with a minimum internal diameter D3; and D1=D3 +/−10%.

10. The gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein: it comprises at least one connection end piece mounted on the inlet of the gun body provided for the admission of the flow of wet mortar; this end piece has a minimum internal diameter D4; this end piece is intended to be connected to a supply hose for the flow of wet mortar, with a minimum internal diameter D3; and D3=D4+/−10%.

11. The gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the injector is a tube substantially coaxial with the direction X2-X2 of spraying; this tube is fitted inside the gun body through the injection opening; this tube can slide in translation with respect to the opening; the translational movement of this tube with respect to the opening can be blocked at different positions.

12. The gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aggregates are chosen from the group comprising—ideally constituted by: (i) biobased fillers of cellulose and/or of lignin; these biobased fillers of plant origin are advantageously provided in at least one particulate form; (ii) natural mineral fillers; (iii) synthetic mineral fillers; (iv) synthetic nonmineral fillers; (v) fillers resulting from industrial coproducts or byproducts; (vi) mineral sands used for sandblasting, shot blasting or pressure spray cleaning; (vii) aggregates from the dismantling of civil engineering or building works which are predominantly mineral; (viii) aggregates from the dismantling of civil engineering or building works which are predominantly organic/mineral or organic; (ix) mixtures of aggregates (viii) with mineral matrices; (x) aggregates from the dismantling of refractory linings; (xi) plastics which cannot be recycled; (xii) nonhazardous granular materials intended for landfill; these fillers (i) to (xii) advantageously being provided in at least one particulate form; (xiii) and their mixtures.

13. A spraying device for a wet mortar comprising: at least one pump for circulating the wet mortar; optionally at least one source of spray fluid; and at least one spray gun as claimed in claim 1.

14. The device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the pump for circulating the wet mortar is chosen from eccentric screw pumps exhibiting at least one of the following characteristics: P.1. pumping jacket with an air gap between rotor and stator of between 4 and 30 mm; P.2. pumping jacket with a length L of between 20 and 80 centimeters; P.3. pumping jacket with a number of screw pitches of between 3 and 6; P.4. pumping jacket with an elastomer stator with a Shore hardness of between 30 and 60. P.5. a bursting pressure of less than or equal to 150 bars; P.6. a working pressure for the flow of wet mortar of between 10 and 30 bars.

15. The device as claimed in claim 13, comprising at least one of the following additional elements: at least one source of wet mortar; at least one spray fluid compressor; at least one supply line for the flow of wet mortar; at least one pipe for feeding with spray fluid;

16. A method for spraying a wet mortar intended to harden to form a construction element, the method comprising the following stages: e.1. preparation of a wet mortar by mixing water with at least one binder comprising particles, the D50 of which is less than or equal to 150 μm, with aggregates, optionally with fillers and optionally with at least one additive; at least a part of these aggregates having: a particle size D50 of between 1 and 15 mm; a form factor F defined as being the ratio of the largest dimension of an aggregate to its smallest dimension, such that F is different from 1; e.2. spraying of this wet mortar using the device as claimed in claim 13, the pressure of the jet of wet mortar at the nozzle outlet.

17. The method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the aggregates are chosen from the group comprising—ideally constituted by: (i) biobased fillers; these biobased fillers of plant origin are advantageously provided in at least one particulate form; (ii) natural mineral fillers; (iii) synthetic mineral fillers; (iv) synthetic nonmineral fillers; (v) fillers resulting from industrial coproducts or byproducts; (vi) mineral sands used for sandblasting, shot blasting or pressure spray cleaning; (vii) aggregates from the dismantling of civil engineering or building works which are predominantly mineral; (viii) aggregates from the dismantling of civil engineering or building works which are predominantly organic/mineral or organic; (ix) mixtures of aggregates (viii) with mineral matrices; (x) aggregates from the dismantling of refractory linings; (xi) plastics which cannot be recycled; (xii) nonhazardous granular materials intended for landfill; these fillers (i) to (xii) advantageously being provided in at least one particulate form; (xiii) and their mixtures.

18. The method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the construction element made of hardened mortar is chosen from the group comprising an interior or exterior façade rendering, a smooth surface and/or a raised surface for floors, a roof filling, a filling of frame building formwork, a prefabrication element, a technical and/or sound insulation mortar.

Description

[0273] The description of this example is made with reference to the appended figures, in which:

[0274] FIGS. 1 and 1A are general diagrammatic views of the spraying device according to the invention;

[0275] FIG. 2 is a front view of the spray gun according to the invention;

[0276] FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view along the line IIA-IIA of FIG. 2;

[0277] FIG. 3 is a view of the right side of the gun body of FIG. 2;

[0278] FIG. 3A is a view in longitudinal section along the line IIIA-IIIA of FIG. 3 to which the nozzle 50, the end piece 60 and the line 30 have been added;

[0279] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the spray gun according to the invention;

[0280] FIG. 5 is a side view of the nozzle 50 of the spray gun 1 according to the invention;

[0281] FIG. 5A is a view in longitudinal section along the line VA-VA of FIG. 5;

[0282] FIG. 6 is a front view of the nozzle 50 of the spray gun 1 according to the invention.

[0283] As shown in FIG. 1, the spraying device for a wet mortar comprising aggregates (1 mm≤D50≤15 mm and F≠1) comprises:

[0284] the spray gun 1 for the wet mortar;

[0285] a screw pump 100 for circulating the wet mortar;

[0286] a source 200 of wet mortar constituted by a mixer for the preparation of the mortar;

[0287] a compressor 110 for the spray fluid;

[0288] a supply line 30 for the flow of wet mortar to the gun 1;

[0289] a pipe 45 for feeding the gun 1 with spray fluid.

[0290] Spray Gun 1:

[0291] As shown in FIG. 1, and in more detail in FIGS. 2, 2A, 3, 3B and 4, the spray gun 1 comprises a gun body 2, an injector 40, a spray nozzle 50 and a connection end piece 60.

[0292] The gun 1 body 2 is a tubular element of circular section, preferably made of metal, for example stainless steel, exhibiting an inlet opening 3 and an outlet opening 7 for the flow of wet mortar. FIG. 2 shows that this tubular element 2 comprises a first substantially rectilinear segment S1, the free end of which is the inlet 3, and a second segment S2, of shorter length than the first segment, the free end of which is the outlet 7. The axes X1-X1 and X2-X2 of the segments S1 and S2 are angularly offset by an angular deviation ED, which corresponds to the change in direction of the flow of wet mortar. ED is less than or equal to−in an increasing order of preference −30°; 20°; 18°; 16°; 15° and 10°.

[0293] From the inlet opening 3, the segment S1 comprises a terminal part 31 threaded on the outside and a main part 32. The external diameter of the threaded terminal part 31 is smaller than that of the main part 32.

[0294] In the same way, the segment S2 exhibits a threaded terminal part 33 and a main part 34 which extends the main part 32 of the segment S1. The external diameter of the threaded terminal part 33 is smaller than that of the main part 34.

[0295] The threaded terminal part 31 extended by a section of the main part 32 of the segment S1 defines a guiding duct 6 for the flow of wet mortar originating from the supply line 30. The guiding duct 6 has a minimum internal diameter D1 approximately equal in this implementational example to 40 mm.

[0296] Preferably, the minimum internal diameter D1 of the duct 6 also corresponds to the minimum internal diameter of the mixing chamber 5 and to the minimum internal diameter of the outlet opening 7 for the flow of wet mortar.

[0297] The gun 1 body 2 is also provided with a peripheral protuberance 42 extending parallel to the median longitudinal plane of the gun 1 body 2 and upward, taking as reference the top and the bottom of the plates of figures. This protuberance 42 exhibits a bore 43 of circular section, the axis X-X of which merges with the axis X2-X2 of the segment S2 of the gun 1 body 2. This axis X-X: [0298] forms an angle α with the axis X1-X1 of the segment S1 of the gun body 2; [0299] and exhibits an angular deviation ED with the axis X2-X2 of the segment S2 of the gun 1 body 2. ED is as defined above, for example equal to 15°.

[0300] The bore 43 thus defines an opening 4 for injection of a jet of spray fluid, namely, for example, compressed air. Opposite the opening 4, this bore 43 emerges in the port of the gun 1 body 2, in a zone located just downstream of the guiding duct 6. This zone defines the chamber 5 for bringing the jet of compressed air into contact with the flow of wet mortar.

[0301] A bore 44 of circular section and of axis Y-Y perpendicular to the axis X-X is provided in the protuberance 42, as represented in FIGS. 3A and 4.

[0302] The injector 40 is a tube of circular section, one of the ends of which forms the injection head 41. The external diameter of the injector 40 is such that it allows it to be introduced into and to slide in the bore 43.

[0303] In this preferred embodiment, the sliding of the injector 40 in the bore 43 can be blocked in translation by means of a screw (e.g. a grub screw) suitable for being screwed into the bore 44, the internal wall of which has the appropriate threading. This advantageous arrangement makes it possible to adjust the position of the injection head 41 of the injector 40 within the contacting chamber 5.

[0304] This injector 40 is, for example, of metal: e.g. stainless steel.

[0305] The injector 40 is introduced into the bore 43, so that the head 41 emerges in the contacting chamber 5. The injector 40 and the bore 43 are coaxial (axis X-X).

[0306] This axis X-X of the injector 40 and of the bore 43 or the axis X2-X2 X2 of the segment S2 of the gun 1 body 2 also corresponds to the direction of spraying of the wet mortar propelled by the compressed air resulting from the injector 40.

[0307] The angle a between the axis X-X and the axis X1-X1 is also the angle between the direction of the jet of spray fluid, namely the compressed air, and the direction of the flow of wet mortar in the guiding duct 6, just before bringing this flow into contact with the compressed air.

[0308] In practice, the angle a can be approximately 15°.

[0309] The spray nozzle (50) is shown in FIGS. 1, 3A, 4 and in more detail in FIGS. 5A and 6. It comprises a casing (50a) which exhibits an outer face (50c), an inner face (50b), an inlet (53), the largest internal dimension of which in straight cross section is D20, and a terminal opening (52), the largest internal dimension of which in straight cross section is D2.1; the inner face (50b), the inlet (53) and the terminal opening (52) defining the port (55) of the nozzle (50).

[0310] The port (55) comprises a terminal segment (55t) extending from the terminal opening (52) in the direction of the inlet (53);

[0311] The largest internal dimension in straight cross section of the terminal segment (55e) increases continuously from the value D2.1 of the terminal opening (52) forming one end of the terminal segment (55t) up to the value D2.2 of the other end (55e) of the terminal segment (55t).

[0312] In the embodiment given as example in the drawings, the straight cross section of the terminal opening (52), of the terminal segment (55e) and of the inlet (53) is circular, so that the terminal segment (55t) is frustoconical.

[0313] D2.1 is the diameter of the outlet opening 52 forming one of the ends (outlet end). D2.1 is, for example, equal to approximately 16 mm.

[0314] D2.2 is the diameter of the end 55e (inner end) of the terminal segment 55t. D2.1 is, for example, equal to 40 mm.

[0315] D20 is the diameter of the inlet 53 of the nozzle 50. D20 is, for example, equal to 50 mm.

[0316] The end 55e (inner end) of the terminal segment 55t is joined up with the outlet opening 7 of the gun 1 body 2.

[0317] The diameter D2.2 of the end 55e corresponds substantially to the diameter of this outlet opening 7 which is equal to the internal diameter D1 of the guiding duct 6 of the gun 1 body 2.

[0318] This configuration prevents the clogging of the gun by the specific wet mortar according to the invention, which this gun 1 makes it possible to spray.

[0319] The spray nozzle 50 has a generally frustoconical shape. It is generally constituted of rubber and exhibits a circular terminal opening 52 with a minimum internal diameter D2 and a circular inlet 53 with a minimum internal diameter D20>D2.

[0320] According to a noteworthy characteristic of the invention, the minimum internal diameter D20 of the inlet 53 of the nozzle 50 is equal to the minimum internal diameter D1 of the guiding duct 6.

[0321] This inlet 53 extends toward the interior of the nozzle 50 in order to form a ring 54 comprising an internal threading 51 intended to make it possible to screw the nozzle 50 onto the threaded terminal part 33 of the segment S2 of the gun 1 body 2.

[0322] The port 55 of the nozzle 50 between this ring 54 and the terminal opening 52 is frustoconical.

[0323] The internal angle γ (see FIG. 5A) defined between the inclined wall of this frustoconical port 55 and the straight line 56 tangent to the periphery of the terminal opening 52 and parallel to the axis X3-X3 of the nozzle 50 is considered.

[0324] This internal angle γ is, for example, approximately 15°.

[0325] Feed Hose 30 for the Flow of Wet Mortar:

[0326] The inlet 3 of the gun 1 body 2 is intended to be connected to the supply hose 30 for the flow of wet mortar, via a connection end piece 60, the two end zones of which each exhibit an internal threading suitable for being screwed, respectively, on the one hand, to the threaded terminal part 31 of the segment S1 of the gun 1 body 2 and, on the other hand, to one of the ends of the supply hose 30 for the flow of wet mortar.

[0327] This hose 30 exhibits a minimum internal diameter D3 such that D1=D3+/−10% thus. Thus, in this implementational example, D3=36-44 mm.

[0328] In addition, the end piece 60 for its part has a minimum internal diameter D4 such that D1=D4+/−10% thus. Thus, in this implementational example, D4=36-44 mm.

[0329] The other end of the supply hose 30 for the flow of wet mortar is connected to the screw pump 100, itself connected to the outlet of the mixer 200 making possible the preparation of the wet mortar.

[0330] Screw pump 100/mixer 200:

[0331] The pump considered here is advantageously a “screw pump”, preferably: [0332] of the type used for the spraying of façade renderings (such as Lancy PHB-R, Bunker S8 Smart, Urban Volta, Spritz S28R, Spritz S38, Turbosol UNI30, Putzmeister SP11, S5 or SP5); [0333] or concrete pumps (Bunker B100 type).

[0334] The screw pump 100 is in fact a jacket positioned at the outlet of the mixer 200 shown in FIG. 1A.

[0335] The patent application WO97/45461A1 describes an example of this type of “screw pump”. The latter generally comprises a suction chamber and a discharge orifice respectively positioned at the ends of a stator, inside which is positioned a helical rotor having a single helix intended to interact with a stator having a double helix. The stator is preferably constituted by an elastomeric material, while the rotor 18 is advantageously made of metal. The latter is movable in rotation about its axis via suitable drive and transmission means. The patents U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,512,764 and 2,612,845 are examples, inter alia, of sources of information on the detailed structure of these screw pumps.

[0336] The screw pump 100, represented by the diagrammatic section included in FIG. 1, comprises a stator tube 101 and a stator 102 traversed by a bore 103 in which a rotor 104 is movable in rotation. This stator tube 102/rotor 104 exhibits a suction end 105 and a discharge end or discharge orifice 106. As soon as the rotor 104 rotates inside the bore 103 of the stator 102, cavities 107 are formed between the rotor 104 and the stator 102. These cavities 107 progress from the suction end 105 up to the discharge end or orifice 106. The cavities 107 have a length defined by the pitch of the helix of the rotor 104 and by a maximum height or air gap. This air gap E can, for example, vary between 1 and 50 mm, preferably 4 to 30 mm.

[0337] This “stator tube 101/stator 102/rotor 104” assembly is also called a jacket.

[0338] The jackets/stators commonly fitted to machines for spraying façade renderings are, for example, of “2L6” or 2R6 type or of 2R8 type (compatible with the Bunker® B100 concrete pump).

[0339] Mention may in particular be made, as examples of “renderer” spraying machines comprising a screw pump and suitable for being combined in the device according to the invention with the spray gun in accordance with the invention, of: the spraying machine is advantageously: [0340] a machine of S5, SP5 or SP11 type from Putzmeister, with a screw pump equipped with a rotor-stator of 2L6 or 2R6 type; [0341] a machine of S8, S28R or S38 type from Bunker, with a screw pump equipped with a rotor-stator of 2L6 or 2R6 type; [0342] a machine of PH9B or PH9B-R type from Lancy, with a screw pump equipped with a rotor-stator of 2L6 or 2R6 type; [0343] a machine of Talent DMR type from Turbosol, with a screw pump equipped with a rotor-stator of 2L6 or 2R6 type; [0344] a spraying machine of B100 and CL18 type from Bunker, with a screw pump equipped with a rotor-stator of 2L8 or 2R8 type; [0345] a spraying machine of SP20 type from Putzmeister, with a screw pump equipped with a rotor-stator of 2L8 or 2R8 type; [0346] a spraying machine of TB20 type from Lancy, with a screw pump equipped with a rotor-stator of 2L8 or 2R8 type; [0347] or a spraying machine of Silant 300 CL type from Turbosol, with a screw pump equipped with a rotor-stator of 2L8 or 2R8 type.

[0348] Feed Pipe 45/Compressor 110:

[0349] The injector 40 is connected by a suitable adapter to the pipe 45 for feeding with spray fluid, in the case in point the compressed air. The latter originates from the compressor 110, which is of the type of those known per se and suitable.

Implementational Examples of the Spraying Method with a Device Comprising the Spray Gun According to the Invention

[0350] 1.1. Composition of the mortars sprayed biobased mortars

[0351] Composition of the biobased mortar “Bio-ChF”: [0352] 20 kg of specific binder 1, [0353] 100 I of fine hemp chaff (particle size <10 mm) [0354] 50 I of water.

[0355] Composition of the biobased mortar “Bio-ChG”: [0356] 25 kg of specific binder 1, [0357] 100 I of building label hemp chaff (particle size 10-30 mm) [0358] 50 I of water.

[0359] Composition of the biobased mortar “Bio-Ma”: [0360] 12 kg of specific binder 2, [0361] 100 I of corn pith (particle size <15 mm) [0362] 37 I of water.

TABLE-US-00001 Specific Specific Composition of the specific binders binder 1 binder 2 L.1 Primary Calcium lime CL 90 and/or 36.22%  20.38%  mineral binder hydraulic lime HL or NHL according to EN459-1 Source of alumina such as 7.5% 18.5%  CAC according to EN14647 Source of calcium sulfate: 2.5% .sup. 7% anhydrite L.2 Water Cellulose ether of MHEC 1.5% 1.85%  retainer type with a viscosity of 40000 cPs L.3 Surfactant Sodium lauryl sulfate 0.08%  0.07%  L.4 Secondary Artificial Portland cement  15%  18% binder CEMI 52.5 type L.5 Lubricating Silica fume  10% .sup. 7% mineral filler L.6 Spacing Silica sand 100-400 μm 26.2%   26% mineral filler L.7 Water- Fatty acid metal salts 0.3% 0.3% repellent adjuvant L.8 Set Trisodium citrate .sup. 0% 0.3% retardant: L.9 Set Sodium carbonate .sup. 0% 0.1% accelerator: L.10 Mineral thickener 0.7% 0.5% Thickening of sepiolite type additive:

[0363] 1.2 Preparation of the Biobased Mortars:

[0364] e.1 Preparation of a wet mortar by mixing water with at least one binder.

[0365] The mortar is kneaded in the vessel of the machine when the latter has one of them or in a concrete mixer according to the following specifications, preferentially: [0366] -a- kneading 100 I of the filler with the mixing water (all of the water decreased by approximately 2 I) for at least 1 min. [0367] -b- Introduction of all of the binder and then kneading for approximately 5 min with adjustment of the viscosity by optional addition of water. The viscosity obtained for the mortar must make possible good flow in the pumping vessel (mortar being placed under its own weight horizontally) while maintaining a threshold making possible a load resistance of 5 cm. [0368] -c- Transfer of the mixed batch to the vessel of the screw pump.

[0369] e.2 Spraying this wet mortar using the device according to the invention described above, the pressure of the jet of wet mortar at the nozzle (50) outlet being of the order of 15 bars.

[0370] For the spraying, the spray gun 1 is fed with compressed air at a pressure of 6 to 8 bars.

[0371] The other conditions for implementing the spraying are shown in the table given below under the heading 1.3. [0372] 1.3 Use of the Biobased Mortars

TABLE-US-00002 Type Passage Type Passage Type Passage Flow rate Load Bursting Test Biobased of through of through of through at the gun resistance pressure No. mortar jacket the jacket* hoses the hoses* gun the gun* outlet (s/10 of the mortar of the 1 “Bio-ChF” 2L6 0 No passage 2 “Bio-ChF” 1.5L63 2 Standard 1 standard 0/1 60 3 160 3 “Bio-ChF” 1.5L63 2 Full bore 2 standard 0/1 45 3 140 passage 4 “Bio-ChF” 1.5L63 2 Full bore 2 Advanced 2 30 3 120 passage gun 5 “Bio-ChG” 1.5L63 0 No passage 6 “Bio-Ma” 2L6 2 Standard 1 standard 0/1 45 2 150 7 “Bio-Ma” 1.5L63 2 Standard 1 standard 0/1 40 5 140 8 “Bio-Ma” 1.5L63 2 Full bore 2 standard 1 35 5 to 120 passage 8 9 “Bio-Ma” 1.5L63 2 Full bore 2 Advanced 2 25 5 to 120 passage gun 8 *Suitability for the method: 0: Poor 1: Moderate 2: Good