TWO-LIQUID TYPE HEMOSTATIC COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Abstract

Provided is a two-liquid type hemostatic composition that may be used adjunctively during a wide range of bleeding events and surgeries, and a method for preparing the same. The two-liquid type hemostatic composition does not contain blood products, comprises a first solution containing chitosan and a second solution containing a glucose or cellulose compound, may be easily applied in a liquid form to a wound or surgical bleeding site of the human body, and may help hemostasis and recovery by immediately forming a hydrogel at the bleeding area.

Claims

1. A two-liquid type hemostatic composition comprising: a first solution containing a chitosan compound having a cationic amino acid conjugated to a side chain thereof; and a second solution containing a glucose or cellulose compound having an aldehyde group introduced therein by oxidation, wherein, when the first solution and the second solution are mixed together, a hydrogel is formed by a Schiff base reaction between an amine (—NH.sub.2) functional group of the chitosan compound and an aldehyde (—CHO) functional group of the glucose or cellulose compound simultaneously with electrostatic interaction between opposite charges of the chitosan compound and the glucose or cellulose compound.

2. The two-liquid type hemostatic composition of claim 1, wherein, when the first solution and the second solution are applied to a bleeding site, the following steps occur simultaneously: a step of inducing blood coagulation by electrostatic interaction between opposite charges of material and material and between opposite charges of material and blood; a step of inducing blood coagulation by a Schiff base reaction between material and material and between material and blood; and a step of stopping bleeding by physically pressing a bleeding site by a hydrogel formed through sol-gel transition that occur through multiple reactions.

3. The two-liquid type hemostatic composition of claim 1, wherein the chitosan compound of the first solution independently has a cationic property, is a chitosan compound in which one or more cationic amino acids selected from among arginine, histidine, cysteine and lysine, which contain one carboxyl group and one or more amino groups, are conjugated to a side chain of the chitosan compound, and the chitosan compound dissolves at neutral pH.

4. The two-liquid type hemostatic composition of claim 1, wherein the glucose or cellulose compound of the second solution independently has a neutral or anionic property, and is one or more compounds selected from among a compound having an aldehyde group introduced therein by oxidation of dextran, hyaluronic acid, carboxymethyl cellulose or starch, and a glutaraldehyde compound containing two aldehyde groups.

5. A method for preparing the two-liquid type hemostatic composition according to claim 1, the method comprising steps of: preparing a first solution by dissolving, in distilled water or physiological saline, a chitosan having a cationic amino acid conjugated to a side chain thereof; and preparing a second solution by dissolving, in distilled water or physiological saline, a glucose or cellulose compound having an aldehyde group introduced therein by oxidation.

6. The two-liquid type hemostatic composition of claim 1, wherein the first solution and the second solution are stored in separate chambers, and when the first solution and the second solution are applied to a bleeding site, they are mixed together, thus immediately forming a hydrogel in-situ at the bleeding site.

7. The two-liquid type hemostatic composition of claim 6, wherein the first solution and the second solution are contained in a dual chamber syringe, and a method of applying the first and second solutions is selected by assembling one of a needle, a mixing nozzle, a spreader and a spray-type type auxiliary tool to an inlet of the dual chamber syringe.

8. The two-liquid type hemostatic composition of claim 1, wherein any one or both of the first solution and the second solution further contain cells, a drug or an anti-adhesion material.

9. The two-liquid type hemostatic composition of claim 8, wherein the two-liquid type hemostatic composition comprises the cells and functions as a tissue engineering scaffold by the formed hydrogel.

10. The two-liquid type hemostatic composition of claim 8, wherein the two-liquid type hemostatic composition comprises the drug and functions as a drug carrier by the formed hydrogel.

11. The two-liquid type hemostatic composition of claim 8, wherein the two-liquid type hemostatic composition comprises the anti-adhesion material and functions as an anti-adhesion agent by the formed hydrogel.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0049] The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawings will be provided by the Office upon receipt and payment of the necessary fee.

[0050] FIG. 1 is schematic representation showing inducing blood coagulation and hemostasis by applying a hydrogel-type hemostatic agent of the present invention to a bleeding site.

[0051] FIG. 2 shows the results of evaluating the blood coagulation action of a combination of a pre-modified chitosan solution and a glucose or cellulose compound solution, and specifically depicts images of Comparative Examples 1 to 4.

[0052] FIG. 3 shows the results of evaluating the blood coagulation action of a combination of a chitosan solution and a glucose or cellulose compound solution, which has introduced therein a functional group different from that used in the present invention, and specifically depicts images of Comparative Example 5-1 through Comparative Example 6-2.

[0053] FIG. 4 shows the results of evaluating the blood coagulation action of a combination of the first solution and the second solution of the present invention, and specifically depicts images of Examples 3-1 to 3-14.

[0054] FIG. 5 shows the results of evaluating the blood coagulation action of a combination of the first solution and the second solution of the present invention, and specifically depicts images of Examples 3-15 to 3-21.

[0055] FIG. 6 shows the results of evaluating the blood coagulation action of a combination of the first solution and the second solution of the present invention, and specifically depicts images of Examples 3-22 to 3-26.

[0056] FIGS. 7A and 7B depict a graph (FIG. 7A) showing the results of measuring rheometer properties as a function of the ratio of an oxidizing agent per glucose repeating unit, and graph comparing storage modulus (FIG. 8B) at frequency 1.

[0057] FIGS. 8A to 8C depicts a graph (FIG. 8A) showing the results of measuring rheometer properties as a function of the molecular weight of oxidized dextran, and graphs comparing storage modulus (FIG. 8B) and viscosity (FIG. 8C) at frequency 1.

[0058] FIGS. 9A and 9B shows images of blood coagulation evaluation of the liquid hemostatic agent Tisseel (FIG. 9A) and images obtained using a dual chamber syringe and an application cannula (FIG. 9B).

[0059] FIGS. 10A to 10C depicts a graph showing the results of measuring the rheometer properties of the liquid hemostatic agent Tisseel and Example 3-1 (FIG. 10A), and graphs comparing storage modulus (FIG. 10B) and viscosity (FIG. 10C) at frequency 1.

[0060] FIG. 11 depicts images of first and second solutions as hemostatic solutions and the application of the solutions to a dual chamber syringe.

MODE FOR INVENTION

[0061] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. These examples are only to illustrate the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not construed as being limited by these examples.

PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 1

Production of Lysine-Conjugated Chitosan (CHI-Ly)

[0062] This Production Example was intended to produce first components using chitosan raw materials having different average molecular weights and deacetylation degrees, and detailed reaction raw material specifications and reaction conditions are shown in Table 1 below. First, a chitosan solution was prepared by sufficiently dissolving 1 g of chitosan in 150 ml of 1% (v/v) HCl aqueous solution. The chitosan solution was adjusted to pH 5 by adding 1 M of NaOH aqueous solution thereto dropwise. According to the molar ratio per repeating unit shown in Table 1 below, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDAC) was dissolved in distilled water and added slowly to the chitosan solution. After titration from pH 4 to 5 with 1 M of HCl aqueous solution, lysine dissolved in HCl aqueous solution was added slowly to the chitosan solution. Then, the pH was checked and titrated from pH 4 to 5, a reaction was performed by stirring the reaction solution at room temperature for 6 hours. After the reaction, the obtained compound was subjected to dialysis for 72 hours or more to remove reaction by-products and unreacted materials. Then, the compound was cooled to a temperature of −80° C. and freeze-dried, thereby producing lysine-conjugated chitosan compounds as first components.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Chitosan Reaction ratio* average (molar ratio) Lysine molecular Deacetylation repeating unit weight** No. weight (kDa) degree (%) of chitosan:lysine (g) 1 3 to 20 kDa 70%   1:0.5 0.294 Chito- 1:1 0.589 oligosaccharide 1:2 1.178 2 50 to 190 kDa 80%   1:0.5 0.345 1:1 0.690 1:2 1.379 3 110 to 150 kDa 95%   1:0.5 0.425 1:1 0.851 1:2 1.701 4 200 kDa 85%   1:0.5 0.371 1:1 0.742 1:2 1.484 5 150 to 250 kDa 95%   1:0.5 0.425 1:1 0.851 1:2 1.701 6 190 to 310 kDa 80%   1:0.5 0.345 1:1 0.690 1:2 1.379 7 300 to 340 kDa 95%   1:0.5 0.425 1:1 0.851 1:2 1.701 8 310 to 375 kDa 75%   1:0.5 0.319 1:1 0.639 1:2 1.277 *The reaction ratio is the reaction molar ratio of lysine per glucosamine repeating unit except N-acetylglucosamine of chitosan. **The lysine weight is the weight of lysine added per g of chitosan, calculated by *the reaction ratio.

PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 2

Production of Cysteine-Conjugated Chitosan (CHI-Sh)

[0063] A chitosan solution was prepared by sufficiently dissolving 1 g of chitosan in 150 ml of 1% (v/v) HCl aqueous solution. Each of 1.51, 0.76 and 0.30 g of cysteine was dissolved in 50 ml of 1% (v/v) HCl aqueous solution and added slowly to the chitosan solution which was then titrated to a pH 5 by adding 1 M of NaOH aqueous solution thereto dropwise. Each of 2.4, 1.2 and 0.5 g of EDAC was dissolved in 30 ml of distilled water and added slowly for 20 minutes. Next, the pH was checked and titrated from pH 4 to 5, and then a reaction was performed by stirring the reaction solution at room temperature for 6 hours. Each of the obtained compounds was subjected to dialysis for 72 hours or more to remove reaction by-products and unreacted materials. Then, each of the compounds was cooled to a temperature of -80° C. and freeze-dried, thereby producing cysteine-conjugated chitosan compounds as first components.

Production Example 3

Production of Arginine-Conjugated Chitosan (CHI-Ar)

[0064] A chitosan solution was prepared by sufficiently dissolving 1 g of chitosan in 150 ml of 1% (v/v) HCl aqueous solution. Each of 1.64, 0.82 and 0.41 g of arginine was dissolved in 50 ml of 1% (v/v) HCl aqueous solution and added slowly to the chitosan solution which was then titrated to a pH 5 by adding 1 M of NaOH aqueous solution thereto dropwise. Then, each of 2.17, 1.08 and 0.54 g was dissolved in 30 ml of EDAC and added slowly to the chitosan solution for 20 minutes. Next, the pH was checked and titrated from pH 4 to 5, and then a reaction was performed by stirring the reaction solution at room temperature for 6 hours. Each of the obtained compounds was subjected to dialysis for 72 hours or more to remove reaction by-products and unreacted materials. Then, each of the compounds was cooled to a temperature of −80° C. and freeze-dried, thereby producing arginine-conjugated chitosan compounds as first compounds.

PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 4

Production of Oxidized Dextran (DEX-Al)

[0065] This Production Example was intended to produce second components using dextran raw materials having different average molecular weights, and detailed reaction raw material specifications and reaction conditions are shown in Table 2 below. First, a dextran solution was prepared by sufficiently dissolving 5 g of dextran in 100 ml of distilled water. According to the reaction molar ratio per repeating unit shown in Table 2 below, sodium periodate (NaIO.sub.4) dissolved in distilled water was added slowly to the dextran solution in dark conditions. While room temperature and dark conditions were maintained, a reaction was performed by stirring the reaction solution for 6 hours. Then, 5 ml of ethylene glycol was added to the reaction solution and stirred for 1 hour, and the reaction was terminated. After the reaction, the obtained compound was subjected to dialysis for 72 hours or more to remove reaction by-products and unreacted materials. Then, the compound was cooled to a temperature of −80° C. and freeze-dried, thereby producing aldehyde group-containing oxidized dextran compounds as second components.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Reaction ratio.sup.# Dextran (molar ratio) average repeating unit of Oxidizing molecular dextran:oxidizing agent.sup.## No. weight (kDa) agent (g) 1 9 to 11 kDa   1:0.5 0.39 1:1 0.78   1:1.5 1.17 1:2 1.56 2 35 to 45 kDa   1:0.5 0.39 1:1 0.78   1:1.5 1.17 1:2 1.56 3  40 kDa   1:0.5 0.39 1:1 0.78   1:1.5 1.17 1:2 1.56 4  70 kDa   1:0.5 0.39 1:1 0.78   1:1.5 1.17 1:2 1.56 5 150 kDa   1:0.5 0.39 1:1 0.78   1:1.5 1.17 1:2 1.56 6 200 kDa   1:0.5 0.39 1:1 0.78   1:1.5 1.17 1:2 1.56 .sup.#The reaction ratio is the reaction molar ratio of the oxidizing agent per glucose repeating unit of dextran. .sup.##The oxidizing agent weight is the weight of oxidizing agent added per g of dextran, calculated by .sup.#the reaction ratio.

PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 5

Oxidized Hyaluronic Acid (HA-Al)

[0066] A hyaluronic acid solution was prepared by stirring hyaluronic acid having an average molecular weight of each of 700 and 3,000 kDa in 500 ml of distilled water at a concentration of 1% or 0.5% for 2 days or more. 0.6 g of sodium periodate dissolved in distilled water was added slowly to the hyaluronic acid solution in dark conditions. While the room temperature and dark conditions were maintained, a reaction was performed by stirring the reaction solution for 3 hours. Then, 5 ml of ethylene glycol was added to the reaction solution which was then additionally stirred for 1 hour, and the reaction was terminated. After the reaction, the obtained compound was subjected to dialysis for 72 hours or more to remove reaction by-products and unreacted materials. Then, the compound was cooled to a temperature of -80° C. and freeze-dried, thereby aldehyde group-containing oxidized hyaluronic acids as second components.

PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 6

Oxidized Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC-Al)

[0067] A carboxymethyl cellulose solution was prepared by sufficiently dissolving 2 g of carboxymethyl cellulose having an average molecular weight of each of 90, 250 and 700 kDa in 50 ml of distilled water. 1.1 g of sodium periodate dissolved in 10 ml of distilled water was added slowly to the carboxymethyl cellulose solution in dark conditions. While room temperature and dark conditions were maintained, a reaction was performed by stirring the reaction solution for 6 hours. Then, 5 ml of ethylene e glycol was added to the reaction solution which was then additionally stirred for 1 hour, and the reaction was terminated. After the reaction, the obtained compound was subjected to dialysis for 72 hours or more to remove reaction by-products and unreacted products. Then, the product was cooled to a temperature of −80° C. and freeze-dried, thereby producing aldehyde group-containing oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose compounds as second components.

EXAMPLE 7

Oxidized Alginate (ALG-Al)

[0068] An alginate solution was prepared by sufficiently dissolving 5 g of alginate having an average molecular weight of 120 to 190 kDa in 25 ml of ethanol. 1.6 g of sodium periodate dissolved in 25 ml of distilled water was added slowly to the alginate solution in dark conditions. While room temperature and dark conditions were maintained, a reaction was performed by stirring the reaction solution for 3 hours. Then, 5 ml of ethylene glycol was added to the reaction solution which was then additionally stirred for 1 hour, and the reaction was terminated. After the reaction, the obtained compound was subjected to dialysis for 72 hours or more to remove reaction by-products and unreacted materials. Then, the product was cooled to a temperature of −80° C. and freeze-dried, thereby aldehyde group-containing oxidized alginate compounds as second components.

EXAMPLE 1

Preparation of Hemostatic Solution

[0069] Each of the compounds produced by the above production method may be prepared in the form of sponge or powder. Hemostatic solutions (first solution and second solution) were prepared by dissolving each of the first component and second component compounds in distilled water or PBS. 1.25% and 2.5% chitosan-lysine (CHI-Ly) solution, 1.25% and 2.5% chitosan-cysteine (CHI-Sh) solution, 2.5% chitosan-arginine (CHI-Ar) solution, 8%, 9% and 20% oxidized dextran (DEX-Al) solution, 2% oxidized hyaluronic acid (HA-Al) solution, 10% oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Al) solution, and 10% oxidized alginate (ALG-Al) solution were prepared, stabilized at 4° C. for 24 hours, and then used for evaluation. The concentrations of the first component and the second component solution may be adjusted according to the needs of the user in consideration of the molecular weight and the viscosity of the solution.

Example 2

Measurement and Evaluation of Zeta Potential

[0070] Solutions for measurement were prepared by each of the hemostatic solutions (CHI-Ly, CHI-Sh, DEX-Al, HA-Al, CMC-Al, and ALG-Al), prepared in Example 1, 50-fold with distilled water. For comparison with the hemostatic solutions, 50-fold dilutions of 2.5% chitosan solution (CHI) and 8% dextran solution (DEX) were prepared. At this time, the chitosan solution was dissolved in 1% (v/v) HCl aqueous solution, and then diluted 50-fold in distilled water. The Zeta potential of each of the compounds was measured using an ELSZ-1000 (Otsuka Electronics; Japan) device, and the results of the measurement are shown in Table 3 below.

[0071] As shown in Table 3 below, CHI, CHI-Ly and CHI-Sh showed positive charge properties, and HA-Al, CMC-Al, ALG-Al, DEX and DEX-Al showed negative charge properties. These results indicate that the first component and second component solutions have opposite charges, and thus may form a gel by electrostatic interaction. In addition, CHI-Ly and DEX-Al were mixed together, and the Zeta potential of the mixture was measured. As a result, the mixture showed a property of positive charge (37.2±1.1), suggesting that the two-liquid type hemostatic agent is advantageous for blood coagulation by electrostatic interaction with blood components.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 No. Hemostatic biomaterial 1 2 3 Average Remarks 1 Chitosan (CHI) 54.4 56.0 56.5  55.6 ± 1.1 Positive charge 2 Dextran (DEX) −5.0 −7.1 −8.1  −6.7 ± 1.6 Negative charge 3 Chitosan-lysine 47.7 46.8 49.0  47.8 ± 1.1 Positive (CHI-Ly) charge 4 Oxidized dextran −3.6 −4.4 −2.6  −3.5 ± 0.9 Negative (DEX-Al) charge 5 Oxidized hyaluronic −54.5 −53.2 −52.4 −53.4 ± 1.1 Negative acid (HA-Al) charge 6 Oxidized −43.8 −44.3 −46.8 −45.0 ± 1.6 Negative carboxymethyl charge cellulose (CMC-Al) 7 Oxidized alginate −53.7 −53.3 −56.3 −54.5 ± 1.6 Negative (ALG-Al) charge

EXAMPLE 3

Evaluation of Blood Coagulation Action

[0072] Blood coagulation evaluation of the hemostatic solutions prepared in Example 1 was performed, and as a result, it was confirmed that the hemostatic solutions can be used as hemostatic agents. For evaluation of blood coagulation, the first solution and second solution prepared in Example 1 and blood were mixed together at a ratio of 1:1:1 (each 200 μl), and the reaction between them was evaluated. The blood used contained the anticoagulant EDTA that prevents blood coagulation and platelet aggregation. The hemostatic solutions and blood were mixed together and allowed to react. After 30 seconds of the reaction, the blood coagulation performance of the hemostatic solutions was evaluated by observing the reaction rate of the hemostatic agents, the physical properties (visual) of the hydrogel, the amount of unreacted blood, and the uniformity of mixing with the blood. The results of the evaluation are shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4.

[0073] Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were performed in the same method as Example 3, except that solutions of pre-modified chitosan dissolved in 1% acetic acid, and dextran, carboxymethyl cellulose and hyaluronic acid solutions were prepared and the blood coagulation actions of combinations thereof were evaluated. The results of the evaluation are shown in FIG. 2. Specifically, FIG. 2 shows the results of blood coagulation evaluation of a combination of 2.5% chitosan (Mw: 50 to 190 kDa) solution and 8% dextran (40 kDa) solution in Comparative Example 1, a combination of 2.5% chitosan (Mw: 50 to 190 kDa) solution and 8% dextran (150 kDa) solution in Comparative Example 2, a combination of 2.5% chitosan (Mw: 50 to 190 kDa) solution and 10% carboxymethyl cellulose (90 kDa) solution in Comparative Example 3, and a combination of 2.5% chitosan (Mw: 50 to 190 kDa) solution and 1% hyaluronic acid (700 kDa) solution in Comparative Example 4. As a result, it was confirmed that no blood coagulation occurred.

[0074] Comparative Example 5-1 through Comparative Example 6-2 were performed in the same method as Example 3, except that solutions of chitosan introduced with functional groups different from those used in the present invention, and oxidized glucose or cellulose compound solutions were prepared and the blood coagulation actions of combinations thereof were evaluated. The results of the evaluation are shown in FIG. 3. Specifically, FIG. 3 shows the results of evaluating the blood coagulation action of a combination of 2.5% succinyl modified chitosan and 10% CMC-Al in Comparative Example 5-1, the blood coagulation action of a combination of 2.5% succinyl modified chitosan and DEX-Al in Comparative Example 5-2, the blood coagulation action of a combination of 2.5% trimethyl chitosan and 1% HA-Al in Comparative Example 6-1, and the blood coagulation action of a combination of 2.5% trimethyl chitosan and 10% CMC-Al in Comparative Example 6-2. As shown therein, non-uniform gels and unreacted materials were observed, and thus the solutions were not suitable as hemostatic agents. That is, after the functional group was introduced to the amino group of the side chain of chitosan, a problem arose in that the cationic property of the chitosan was lost and the inherent performance of the chitosan was degraded. Due to this problem, desired blood coagulation was not induced, even though the chitosan partially formed a gel.

[0075] Examples 3-1 to 3-10 were performed in the same method as Example 3 to evaluate blood coagulation, except that CHI-Ly and DEX-Al solutions were used. Specifically, the blood coagulation actions of the following combinations of solutions were evaluated: a combination of 2.5% CHI-Ly (Mw: 50 to 190 kDa) solution and 20% DEX-Al (10 kDa) solution in Example 3-1; a combination of 1.25% CHI-Ly (Mw: 190 to 310 kDa) solution and 20% DEX-Al (10 kDa) solution in Example 3-2; a combination of 2.5% CHI-Ly (Mw: 50 to 190 kDa) solution and 8% DEX-Al (40 kDa) solution in Example 3-3; a combination of 1.25% CHI-Ly (Mw: 310 to 375 kDa) solution and 8% DEX-Al (40 kDa) solution in Example 3-4; a combination of 2.5% CHI-Ly (Mw: 50 to 190 kDa) solution and 8% DEX-Al (150 kDa) solution in Example 3-5; a combination of 1.25% CHI-Ly (Mw: 310 to 375 kDa) solution and 8% DEX-Al (150 kDa) solution in Example 3-6; a combination of 2.5% CHI-Ly (Mw: 50 to 190 kDa) solution and 9% DEX-Al (10 kDa) solution in Example 3-7; a combination of 1.25% CHI-Ly (Mw: 190 to 310 kDa) solution and 9% DEX-Al (10 kDa) solution in Example 3-8; a combination of 2.5% CHI-Ly (Mw: 50 to 190 kDa) solution and 8% DEX-Al (200 kDa) solution in Example 3-9; and a combination of 2.5% CHI-Ly (Mw: 190 to 310 kDa) solution and 8% DEX-Al (200 kDa) solution in Example 3-10. The results of the evaluation are shown in FIG. 4, and as shown therein, the blood coagulation performance did differ depending on the molecular weight and concentration of the material.

[0076] Examples 3-11 to 3-14 were performed in the same method as Example 3 to evaluate blood coagulation, except that CHI-Ly solution and HA-Al or CMC-Al solution were used in combination. Specifically, the blood coagulation actions of the following combinations of solutions were evaluated: 2.5% CHI-Ly (Mw: 50 to 190 kDa) solution and 2% HA-Al (3,000 kDa) solution in Example 3-11; 1.25% CHI-Ly (Mw: 190 to 310 kDa) solution and 2% HA-Al (3,000 kDa) solution in Example 3-12; 2.5% CHI-Ly (Mw: 50 to 190 kDa) and 10% CMC-Al (90 kDa) solution in Example 3-13; and 1.25% CHI-Ly (Mw: 190 to 310 kDa) solution and 10% CMC-Al (90 kDa) solution in Example 3-14. The results of the evaluation are shown in FIG. 4, and as shown therein, the hydrogel was formed within a short time, but a certain amount of unreacted blood was observed.

[0077] Examples 3-15 to 3-17 were performed in the same method as Example 3 to evaluate blood coagulation, except that CHI-Sh solution and DEX-Al, HA-Al or ALG-Sh solution were used in combination. Specifically, the blood coagulation actions of the following combinations of solutions were evaluated: 2.5% CHI-Sh (Mw: 190 to 310 kDa) solution and 8% DEX-Al (150 kDa) solution in Example 3-15; 2.5% CHI-Sh (Mw: 190 to 310 kDa) solution and 2% HA-Al (700 kDa) solution in Example 3-16; and 2.5% CHI-Sh (Mw: 190 to 310 kDa) solution and 10% ALG-Sh (120 to 190 kDa) solution in Example 3-17. The results of the evaluation are shown in FIG. 5, and as shown therein, it was observed that blood coagulation occurred within a short time, and the degree of blood coagulation did differ depending on the kind of oxidized glucose.

[0078] Examples 3-18 to 3-21 were performed in the same method as Example 3 to evaluate blood coagulation, except that CHI-Sh solution and DEX-Al solution were used. Specifically, the blood coagulation actions of the following combinations of solutions were evaluated: 2.5% CHI-Sh (Mw: 50 to 190 kDa) solution and 8% DEX-Al (40 kDa) solution in Example 3-18; 2.5% CHI-Sh solution (Mw: 3 to 20 kDa) solution and 8% DEX-Al (40 kDa) solution in Example 3-19; 2.5% CHI-Sh (Mw: 50 to 190 kDa) solution and 9% DEX-Al (40 kDa) solution in Example 3-20; and 2.5% CHI-Sh (Mw: to 20 kDa) solution and 9% DEX-Al (40 kDa) solution in Example 3-21. The results of the evaluation are shown in FIG. 5, and it could be seen that blood coagulation occurred within a short time.

[0079] Example 3-22 was performed in the same method as Example 3 to evaluate blood coagulation, except that CHI-Ar solution and DEX-Al or CMC-Al solution were used in combination. Specifically, the blood coagulation action of a combination of 2.5% CHI-Ar (Mw: 50 to 190 kDa) solution and 8% DEX-Al (40 kDa) solution was evaluated, and the result is shown in FIG. 6.

[0080] Examples 3-23 and 3-24 were performed in the same method as Example 3 to evaluate blood coagulation, except that representative cationic polymer polyethyleneimine (PEI) solution and DEX-Al or CMC-Al solution were used in combination. Specifically, the blood coagulation actions of the following combinations of solutions were evaluated: 25% PEI (Mw: 20 kDa) solution and 10% CMC-Al (9 kDa) solution in Example 3-23; and 25% PEI (Mw: 20 kDa) solution and 8% DEX-Al (Mw: 40 kDa) solution in Example 3-24. The results of the evaluation are shown in FIG. 6, and it can be seen that the blood coagulation performance did significantly differ depending on the kind of second component.

[0081] Examples 3-25 and 3-26 were performed in the same method as Example 3 to evaluate blood coagulation, except that CHI-Ly solution and ALG-Al solution were used in combination. Specifically, the blood coagulation actions of the following combinations of solutions were evaluated: 2.5% CHI-Ly (Mw: 50 to 190 kDa) solution and 10% ALG-Al (Mw: 120 to 190 kDa) solution in Example 3-25; and 1.25% CHI-Ly (Mw: 190 to 310 kDa) solution and 10% ALG-Al (Mw: 120 to 190 kDa) solution in Example 3-26. The results of the evaluation are shown in FIG. 6, and as shown therein, the solutions partially showed blood coagulation, but a slight amount of unreacted blood was observed.

EXAMPLE 4

Evaluation of Physical Properties of Hydrogel

[0082] The physical properties of hemostatic solutions were quantitatively evaluated by measuring the viscosity, storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) of the first solution and second solution prepared in Example 1.

[0083] In addition, in order to measure the physical properties of the blood clot generated by blood coagulation with the hemostatic solutions, the first solution, the second solution, and blood were allowed to react at a ratio of 1:1:1, and the physical properties were measured.

[0084] As a rheometer, an Anton-Paar (MCR 102) rheometer was used. The hemostatic solutions and blood were loaded onto a 25-mm-diameter plate, and measurement was performed under the following set conditions: a plate gap of 0.5 mm, a frequency sweep of 0.1 to 10 Hz, an oscillating frequency strain of 1%, and a measurement temperature of 37° C.

[0085] Measurement of physical properties was carried out by selecting the material combinations forming the blood clot from the above-described Examples, and quantitative evaluation was performed through the storage modulus and viscosity values at frequency 1. Specifically, the measured storage moduli were 5.7*10.sup.3 Pa for Example 3-1, 2.0*10.sup.3 Pa for Example 3-3, 1.6*10.sup.3 Pa for Example 3-5, 8.3*10.sup.2 Pa for Example 3-9, 6.3*10.sup.2 Pa for Example 3-15, 1.5*10.sup.2 Pa for Example 3-16, 1.2*10.sup.2 Pa for Example 3-17, and 2.0*10.sup.3 Pa for Example 3-23. In addition, the measured viscosities were 9.0*10.sup.2 Pa.Math.s for Example 3-1, 3.2*10.sup.2 Pa.Math.s for Example 3-3, 2.5*10.sup.2 Pa.Math.s for Example 3-5, 1.3*10.sup.2 Pa.Math.s for Example 3-9, 1.0*10.sup.2 Pa.Math.s for Example 3-15, 2.0*10.sup.1 Pa.Math.s for Example 3-16, 7.8*10.sup.1 Pa.Math.s for Example 3-17, and 3.2*10.sup.2 Pa.Math.s for Example 3-23.

[0086] Referring to the results in FIG. 7, when the ratio of the oxidizing agent per repeating unit of the second compound having an aldehyde group introduced therein by treatment with the oxidizing agent periodate increased, the degree of oxidation and the physical properties increased. Specifically, the measured storage moduli were 9.2*10.sup.2 Pa at 0.5 equivalents of the oxidizing agent per repeating unit, 1.6*10.sup.3 Pa at 1 equivalent of the oxidizing agent per repeating unit, 1.7*10.sup.3 Pa at 1.5 equivalents of the oxidizing agent per repeating unit, and 1.7*10.sup.3 Pa at 2 equivalents of the oxidizing agent per repeating unit. Thus, treatment with 1.5 equivalents or more of periodate per repeating unit is preferable.

[0087] Referring to the results in FIG. 8, when other parameters of the hemostatic solutions were fixed and the physical properties of the blood clot were measured as a function of the molecular weight of oxidized dextran (Examples 3-3, 3-5 and 3-9), the physical properties were higher as the molecular weight was lower, and the same results were shown for chitosan as the first component.

EXAMPLE 5

Comparative Evaluation of Liquid Hemostatic Agent (Tisseel) and Hydrogel-Type Hemostatic Agent

[0088] Comparative evaluation was made by performing a blood coagulation test for the commercially available liquid hemostatic agent (Tisseel, Baxter) in the same method as in Example 3. Tisseel is a two-liquid type hemostatic agent containing blood products and having effects such as local hemostasis, suture, and tissue adhesion. The first solution (fibrin sealer) is composed of additives including fibrinogen, aprotinin and human albumin, and the second solution (thrombin solution) is composed of additives including human thrombin, calcium chloride dihydrate and human albumin. The first solution, the second solution, and blood were mixed at a ratio of 1:1:1 (each 100 pl) and allowed to react. After 30 seconds of the reaction, the reaction rate, the physical properties (visual) of the hydrogel, the amount of unreacted blood, and the uniformity of mixing with the blood were evaluated.

[0089] The results of the evaluation are shown in FIG. 9(A), and as shown therein, the reaction occurred within a few seconds, but the blood and the components were not uniformly mixed, and the reaction between the first solution and the second solution occurred first, not blended with blood, and thus unreacted blood was observed.

[0090] In addition, in FIG. 9(B), similar results were observed in evaluation performed using a dual chamber syringe and an application cannula. The physical properties of the blood clot formed by mixing Tisseel with blood were evaluated using a rheometer in the same manner as in Example 4. The results of comparison with Example 3-1 are shown in FIG. 10, and as shown therein, the components of the Examples exhibit relatively high physical properties. Specifically, the storage modulus and viscosity of Tisseel at frequency 1 were measured to be 6.2*10.sup.2 Pa and 1.0*10.sup.2 Pa.Math.s, respectively. In addition, it was confirmed that the physical properties of Tisseel decreased after mixing with blood and blood coagulation, whereas the physical properties of the components of Example 3-1 increased, suggesting that the components of Example 3-1 induce blood coagulation by reaction with blood components.

[0091] FIG. 11 shows that the first solution and second solution of the present invention are transparent liquids having fluidity before mixing, and may also be applied in a mixed state by means of a dual chamber syringe as needed.

[0092] Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, these embodiments are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and other equivalent embodiments are possible from the above embodiments. Therefore, the true technical protection scope of the present invention will be defined by the technical details of the appended claims.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0093] As described above, according to the present invention, the hydrogel-type hemostatic agent is a hemostatic agent that does not contain blood products such as thrombin and fibrinogen, and may be applied to hemophilia patients and diabetic patients who have impairment in the blood coagulation system, and patients taking an anticoagulant and aspirin, in order to induce blood coagulation and hemostasis. In addition, it may be used as a hemostatic agent having a more effective hemostatic effect in a wide range of surgical operation areas because multiple reactions occur simultaneously.