System for creating an oxidation reduction potential (ORP) in water for decontamination of a food animal carcass

Abstract

A system and method for creating an oxidation reduction potential (ORP) in water and for reducing the surface tension of the water for the microbiological decontamination of food animal carcasses. A method is also described for the microbiological decontamination of beef trimmings.

Claims

1. A system for creating an oxidation reduction potential (ORP) in water and for reducing the surface tension of the water for application to a food animal carcass for the microbiological decontamination of the food animal carcass, comprising: a variable air pump configured to supply pressurized air to an air dryer in order to provide pressurized and dried air; an ozone generator configured to generate ozone using the pressurized and dried air provided by the variable air pump and the air dryer; said ozone generator having an ozone discharge tube extending therefrom; an ozone adjustment means coupled to said ozone discharge tube; a regulator having a water inlet end, a water-ozone solution outlet end and an ozone inlet; a first bore formed in said regulator which extends from said water inlet end to said water-ozone solution outlet end of said regulator; a second bore formed in said regulator which extends from said water inlet end to said water-ozone solution outlet end of said regulator; said second bore of said regulator having a venturi chamber formed therein between said water inlet end and said water-ozone solution outlet end of said regulator; said venturi chamber being in operative communication with said ozone discharge tube; said water inlet end of said regulator being in communication with a source of water; a first adjustment means associated with said first bore for adjusting the flow of water therethrough; a second adjustment means for controlling the flow of ozone into said venturi chamber; and said water-ozone solution which is discharged from said water-ozone solution outlet end onto the food animal carcass having an ORP of at least 600-800 millivolts and a surface tension of about 48-58 Millinewtons per meter at 20 degrees Centigrade.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the following figures, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various views unless otherwise specified.

(2) FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of the cabinet in which the instant invention is enclosed;

(3) FIG. 2 is a front perspective view of the cabinet of FIG. 1 with the door thereof being open;

(4) FIG. 3 is a front view of the instant invention positioned in the open cabinet;

(5) FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the adjustable water flow and gas regulator of the invention;

(6) FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the regulator and the gas adjustment housing and related components thereof;

(7) FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the regulator as seen on lines 6-6 of FIG. 4; and

(8) FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the regulator as seen on lines 7-7 of FIG. 4.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

(9) Embodiments are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying figures, which form a part hereof and show, by way of illustration, specific exemplary embodiments. These embodiments are disclosed in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention. However, embodiments may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense in that the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims.

(10) The instant invention is to provide a system and method for microbiologically decontaminate food animal carcasses such as beef cattle, hogs, chickens, turkeys, sheep, etc.

(11) An Oxidation reduction potential (ORP) value can be used for water system monitoring to reflect the antimicrobial potential of a given sample of water. ORP is measured in millivolts (mV), with typically no correction for solution temperature, where a positive voltage shows a solution attracting electrons (e.g., an oxidizing agent). For instance, chlorinated water will show a positive ORP value whereas sodium sulfite (a reducing agent) loses electrons and will show a negative ORP value. Similar to pH, ORP is not a measurement of concentration directly, but rather of activity level. In a solution of only one active component, ORP indicates concentration. The World Health Organization (WHO) adopted an ORP standard for drinking water disinfection of 650 millivolts. That is, the WHO stated that when the oxidation-reduction potential in a body of water measures 650 (about ⅔ of a volt), the sanitizer in the water is active enough to destroy harmful organisms almost instantaneously. For example E. coli, Salmonella, Listeria, and Staph pathogens have survival times of under 30 seconds when the ORP is above 650 mV, compared against >300 seconds when it is below 485 mV.

(12) An example ORP sensor uses a small platinum surface to accumulate charge without reacting chemically. That charge is measured relative to the solution, so the solution “ground” voltage comes from the reference junction. For example, an ORP probe can be considered a millivolt meter, measuring the voltage across a circuit formed by a reference electrode constructed of silver wire (in effect, the negative pole of the circuit), and a measuring electrode constructed of a platinum band (the positive pole), with the water in-between.

(13) Increasingly, microbial issues are commanding the attention of water treatment operators, regulators, media, and consumers. There are many treatment options to eliminate pathogenic microbes from drinking water. One such option includes ozone (O.sub.3), an oxidizing agent approved for drinking water treatment by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. For instance, ozone is one of the strongest disinfectants approved for potable water treatment capable of inactivating bacteria, viruses, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium.

(14) Accordingly, the present disclosure is directed to a system and method for creating an oxidation reduction potential (ORP) in water for microbiologically decontaminating food animal carcasses as will be described in detail hereinafter. An example system includes an ozone generator, a water inlet, a water outlet, and an adjustable regulator coupled with each of the ozone generator, the water inlet, and the water outlet. Such example system is configured to output water having an ORP of about 600 mV to about 800 mV, with particular implementations being configured to output water having an ORP of about 650 mV to about 750 mV.

(15) Further, the present disclosure is specifically directed to a system and method for reducing the surface tension of the water being used to microbiologically decontaminate food animal carcasses by creating a water and ozone solution wherein the surface tension of the water is reduced from about 72 Millinewtons per meter at 20 degrees Centigrade to about 48-58 Millinewtons per meter at 20 degrees Centigrade to greatly improve the decontaminating qualities thereof.

(16) The present invention will now be described. Referring now to the drawings, the numeral 10 refers to the system of this invention for creating an oxidation reduction potential (ORP) in water for use in microbiologically decontaminating food product carcasses. System 10 includes a plurality of transformers 12 which are electrically connected to ozone generators 14 in conventional fashion. The first ozone generator 14 is connected to a connector 16 by air tube 17. Connector or terminal 16 is connected to a source of air which will be described in more detail hereinafter. The ozone generators 14 are connected to one another in a series manner in conventional fashion. The last ozone generator 14 in the series of ozone generators 14 has a discharge tube 18 extending therefrom.

(17) The system 10 of this invention is preferably mounted in a wall mounted box or cabinet 20 having a cover 22. A power cord 24 extends into cabinet 20 for powering the components therein in conventional fashion. The numeral 26 refers to a water inlet which is in communication with a source of water. A pipe 28 extends inwardly from inlet 26 and has an electrical controlled valve 29 imposed therein. Pipe 30 extends from the discharge side of valve 29. System 10 includes a water-ozone solution outlet pipe or tube 32 extending from cabinet 20. A pipe or tube 34 extends inwardly from outlet pipe 30. The numeral 36 refers to a regulator which is positioned between the pipes 30 and 34.

(18) For purposes of description, regulator 36 will be described as being in the position illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 although the regulator 36 could be positioned in other positions and attitudes. Regulator 36 includes an elongated body 38 with a first end 40, a second end 42, a front side 44, a back side 46, an upper side 48 and a lower side 50. The first end 40 of regulator 36 has a water inlet opening 52 extending thereinto with the water inlet opening 52 having an inner end 54 and an outer end 56. The second end 42 of elongated body 38 has a water-ozone solution discharge opening 58 extending thereinto with the water-ozone solution discharge opening 58 having an inner end 60 and an outer end 62.

(19) The numeral 64 refers to a body portion of elongated body 38 having a first end 66 and a second end 68. The body portion 64 has a venturi chamber 70 formed therein and which has a first end 72 and a second end 74. Body portion 64 has an elongated bore 76 formed therein which extends inwardly from end 66 to venturi chamber 70. Body portion 64 also has an elongated bore 78 formed therein which extends from venturi chamber 70 to end 68 of body portion 64. An elongated insert 80 is positioned in bore 76 and has a bore 82 formed therein. Bore 82 has a smaller diameter than bore 76 and is preferably tapered as seen in FIG. 7. An insert 84 is positioned in bore 78 and has a bore 86 formed therein. Bore 86 has a smaller diameter than bore 78 and is preferably tapered as seen in FIG. 7.

(20) Body portion 64 also has an elongated bore 88 formed therein which extends between ends 66 and 68 of body portion 64. Body portion 64 has a small bore 90 formed therein which communicates with bore 88 as seen in FIG. 6. A threaded bore 92 extends into the upper side 48 of body 38 of regulator 36 and communicates with opening 88. An O-ring 94 is positioned in the inner end of bore 92. The numeral 96 refers to a water metering screw support having a reduced diameter threaded portion 98 at its inner end which is threadably mounted in threaded bore 92 of body 38. Support 96 has an internally threaded bore 100 formed therein which extends between the ends of support 96. The numeral 102 refers to an elongated water metering screw having a threaded portion 104 and a head 106. The threaded portion 104 of screw 102 is adjustably threadably mounted in bore 100. The head 106 of screw 102 is received in bore 90 of body portion 64 and adjustably protrudes into bore 88 of body portion 64. The threadable rotation of screw 102 in one direction with respect to support 96 causes head 106 to move further into bore 88. The threadable rotation of screw 102 in an opposite direction moves heat out of bore 88. The metering screw 102 regulates the flow of water through bore 88.

(21) The numeral 108 refers to an ozone metering device which includes an ozone adjustment housing 110 having an outer end 112, an inner end 114, an upper side 116, a lower side 118, a first side 120 and a second side 122. Housing 110 has four bolt or screw openings 124 extending therethrough which are configured to have bolts or screws 126 extending therethrough. The threaded ends of bolts or screws 126 are configured to be threadably mounted in threaded openings 128 formed in regulator 36 as seen in FIG. 5. As also seen in FIG. 5, the side 44 of body 38 of regulator 36 has an annular recess 130 formed therein which communicates with an opening 132. A small opening or bore 134 extends inwardly from opening 132 to the Venturi chamber 70.

(22) Housing 110 has a barbed tube fitting 136 extending therefrom. An ozone passageway 138 extends inwardly through fitting 136. As seen in FIG. 7, ozone passageway 138 includes an enlarged passageway portion 140. An O-ring 142 is positioned in recess 130. The inner end of tube 144 is positioned in passageway 140 as seen in FIG. 7. The inner end of tube 144 has an opening 146 formed therein.

(23) A spring 148 is positioned in tube 144. Spring 148 urges check valve ball 150 into engagement with O-ring 152 which defines a valve seat. Thus, the check valve ball 150 is normally closed. However, check valve ball 150 will be drawn inwardly when the system is operating due to the venturi effect in venturi chamber 70. Housing 110 also includes an internally threaded bore 154 extending into housing 110 so as to be in communication with passageway 138. An ozone metering screw 156 is threadably mounted in bore 154. The metering screw 156 may be threadably adjusted so that the inner end of screw 156 will regulate the flow of ozone through passageway 138.

(24) Preferably an air tube 158 is connected to the input side of connector 16 and extends therefrom. Air tube 158 extends to the air discharge side 160 of a desiccate air dryer 162. As seen, air dryer 162 is preferably vertically disposed and is mounted at one side of the housing 20. Air dryer 162 has an air intake fitting 164 at its lower end. Air tube 166 extends from air intake fitting 164. The numeral 168 refers to a pump which is an adjustable/variable air pump having an output range of 0.14 GPM/0.5 LPM @ 2.9 PSI to 2.83 GPM/10.7 LPM @ 2.32 PSI. A suitable air pump is the air pump AIR-4000 air pump of Danner Mfg. Co. Air pump 168 is an AC120 v, 60H3 and 3.5 W air pump. Air pump 168 is designated as a TOP FIN® air pump. Air pump 168 is powered by an electrical cord 170 which extends to an electrical receptacle 171 which is electrically connected to the electrical circuitry of the system 10.

(25) Air pump 168 has a pair of air output lines 172 and 174 extending from the air discharge side thereof which are connected to the air line or tube 166 which is connected to the air inlet side 164 of dryer 162 as described above.

(26) The operation of the system 10 will now be described. The air pump 168 is activated to supply a variable amount of pressurized air to the air dryer which dries the pressurized air and supplies the dried pressurized air to the first ozone generator 14 by way of the tube 158, connector 16 and tube 17. The valve 29 will be electrically opened so that water from the source of water will flow through the open valve 29. The water will then be supplied to the water inlet opening 52 of regulator 36. The water flows through bore 88 and exits from the discharge opening 58. The operator will threadably adjust the flow of water by rotating the elongated water metering screw 102 until the desired water flow rate is achieved. A portion of the water entering the water inlet opening 52 will pass through the bore 76 of the tapered insert 80 and into the venturi chamber 70 and then pass through the bore 86 of insert 84. The water exiting from insert 84 will exit the regulator 36 by way of the opening 58 of regulator 36. The water initially exiting the regulator will initially be deposited into a bucket or the like. The ozone generators 14 will then be activated, if not done so previously. The water passing through the Venturi chamber 70 creates a venturi effect therein. The ozone metering screw 156 will usually be in the position of FIG. 7. Ozone will then pass through ozone passageway 138 due to the suction created by the venturi effect in venturi chamber 70. The suction created by the venturi effect will draw or suck the ozone through the passageway 138. The suction in passageway 138 also causes the check valve ball 150 to unseat from the valve seat 156. The ozone then passes into the venturi chamber 70 where it is mixed with the water passing through the venturi chamber 70. The water ozone solution will then pass through bore 86 and will further be mixed with the water passing outwardly from bore 88. The water-ozone solution will then be measured in conventional fashion. The operator will adjust the ORP of the water-ozone solution by adjusting the metering screw 156. The operator may also adjust the water flow rate by means of the adjustment screw 106.

(27) When the water-ozone solution has reached the desired ORP, a hose or the like may be attached to the outlet 32 to enable the water-ozone solution to be sprayed onto the food product carcasses as will be described hereinafter. For description purposes, the water-ozone solution will be referred to as Biosafe o3.

(28) The use of the air pump 168 to provide a pressurized air supply system allows for maintaining consistent ORP of the solution even when there is a fluctuation or change in the water input pressure. The air pump 168 eliminates the problems faced in the industry with changing input with pressure drops which impacts the required ORP.

(29) Biosafe o3 Beef Carcass Intervention

(30) After the hide is removed, the carcass is completely washed followed by application of one of the USDA approved solutions (lactic or acetic acid). Because the wash is done so quickly after hide removal, bacteria have less time to attach and the antimicrobial solution give an even greater kill for any bacteria left on the carcass surface. After final USDA inspection, the carcass goes through a high-volume low pressure “cabinet” to remove bone dust, blood, etc., where it is blanketed with 180-degree hot water and a lactic acid 2-5% antimicrobial and placed in the cooler before further processing occurs. The concept is to cool the carcass as quickly as possible.

(31) The problem is even after the conventional process there are many carcasses that still test positive for E. coli 0157 H7, causing the processing plant to lose a significant portion of profit from the further processing.

(32) Biosafe o3 intervention was applied to the carcasses as a final rinse @800 (ORP) oxidation reduction potential, after the lactic acid wash and prior to the carcass entering the cooler. The Biosafe o3 solution denaturation process was designed to modify the molecular structure of a protein that might remain attached to the carcass after the lactic acid washing process. Denaturation involves the breaking of many of the weak linkages or bonds (e.g. hydrogen bonds), within a protein molecule that are responsible for the highly ordered structure of a protein in its natural state. By depriving the bacteria cell of its natural character properties, any of the DNA of the bacteria cell wall that remain on the carcass cannot multiply. By applying the Biosafe o3, the solution dissolved the cell and the nuclear membranes that protect the DNA. The lower surface tension of the Biosafe o3 solution acts as a surfactant that breaks apart the DNA structure. This intervention decreased the E. coli 0157 H7 positive tests by over 90%.

(33) Biosafe o3 Intervention to Reduce Microorganisms on Beef Trimmings and Ground Beef.

(34) FSIS has determined that raw ground beef and other non-intact raw beef products are considered adulterated if found to contain E. coli 0157 H7. The reasoning was that raw ground products present significant public health risk because they are consumed after cooking that may not destroy E. coli 0157-H7 organisms that can be introduced internally by chopping or grinding. In a test, Biosafe o3 was sprayed onto the trim meat on the production line, at 800 (ORP) Oxidization Reduction Potential. The trim meat traveled under four different spray bars with the contact time being 5 seconds for each spray which resulted in a 0.7 log reduction for each spray totaling 2.8 log reduction.

(35) Thus it can be seen that the invention accomplishes at least all of its stated objectives.

(36) Although the invention has been described in language that is specific to certain structures and methodological steps, it is to be understood that the invention defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific structures and/or steps described. Rather, the specific aspects and steps are described as forms of implementing the claimed invention. Since many embodiments of the invention can be practiced without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the invention resides in the claims hereinafter appended.