Method for manufacturing an ice projectile

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing an ice projectile. The method comprises the steps of: —providing a quantity of water; providing a quantity of alcohol corresponding to at least 5 wt.-% of the quantity of water; mixing the quantity of water with the quantity of alcohol; transferring the mixture to means for cooling and solidifying the mixture to form a piece of ice; cooling the mixture in the cooling and solidifying means to a mixture-solidification temperature in order to produce at least one piece of ice; and launching the or each piece of ice at a target using launching means.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing and using an ice projectile wherein it comprises the steps of: providing an amount of water; providing an amount of alcohol corresponding to at least 5 weight % of the amount of water; mixing the amount of water and the amount of alcohol to provide a mixture of water and alcohol; transferring the mixture to means for cooling and solidifying the mixture into a block of ice; cooling the mixture in the means for cooling and solidifying the mixture into a block of ice, down to a solidification temperature of the mixture, in order to obtain the block of ice; and projecting the block of ice onto a target.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of cooling the mixture in the means for cooling and solidifying the mixture into a block of ice, down to the solidification temperature of the mixture, in order to obtain the block of ice, has a transition temperature range in which the mixture has an aqueous phase composed of solid crystals mainly composed of water, the solid crystals being surrounded by a liquid solution mainly composed of alcohol.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of cooling the mixture in the means for cooling and solidifying the mixture into a block of ice, down to the solidification temperature of the mixture, in order to obtain the block of ice is performed at a rate higher than or equal to 0.5 K per second.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of cooling the mixture in the means for cooling and solidifying the mixture into a block of ice, down to the solidification temperature of the mixture, in order to obtain the block of ice is performed at a rate lower than or equal to 0.5 K per second.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the step of cooling the mixture in the means for cooling and solidifying the mixture into a block of ice, down to the solidification temperature of the mixture, in order to obtain the block of ice is performed by stirring the mixture to maintain the homogeneity thereof.

6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of projecting the block of ice is carried out at a temperature comprised between 60K and 250K.

7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the cooling and solidifying means comprise at least one mold for shaping the block of ice.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of cooling the mixture in the means for cooling and solidifying the mixture into a block of ice, down to the solidification temperature of the mixture, in order to obtain the block of ice is performed at a rate higher than or equal to 0.5 K per second.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the cooling and solidifying means comprise at least one mold for shaping the block of ice.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of cooling the mixture in the means for cooling and solidifying the mixture into a block of ice, down to the solidification temperature of the mixture, in order to obtain the block of ice is performed at a rate lower than or equal to 0.5 K per second.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the step of cooling the mixture in the means for cooling and solidifying the mixture into a block of ice, down to the solidification temperature of the mixture, in order to obtain the block of ice is performed by stirring the mixture to maintain the homogeneity thereof.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of projecting the block of ice is carried out at a temperature comprised between 60K and 250K.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cooling and solidifying means comprise at least one mold for shaping the block of ice.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cooling and solidifying means comprise at least one tube for cooling and shaping the block of ice.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the at least one tube allows for projecting of the block of ice positioned in the at least one tube.

16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cooling and solidifying means comprise at least one cryostat.

17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol belongs to the group comprising ethanol, methanol, butanol and propanol.

18. The method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of alcohol is provided by an alcoholic solution having a purity higher than or equal to 90%.

19. The method according to claim 1, wherein the water is provided by an aqueous solution taken from distilled water and demineralized water.

20. The method according to claim 1, wherein the block of ice is projected from the means for cooling and solidifying the mixture into a block of ice.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 illustrates a method for manufacturing and using an ice projectile; and

(2) FIG. 2 illustrates schematically the means for shaping at least one block of ice according to a method of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(3) Referring now to FIG. 1 and according to a general definition, the invention concerns a method 10 for manufacturing and using an ice projectile. The method comprises the steps of: providing an amount of water 12; providing an amount of alcohol 14 corresponding to at least 5 weight % of the amount of water; mixing the amount of water and the amount of alcohol 16; transferring the mixture to means for cooling and solidifying the mixture into a block of ice 18; cooling the mixture 20 in the means for cooling and solidifying the mixture into a block of ice, down to a solidification temperature of the mixture, in order to obtain at least one block of ice, projecting 22 the, or each, block of ice on a target, by projection means.

(4) The mixture of water and alcohol allows slowing down the solidification process during cooling. Thus, before being completely solidified, the liquid mixture passes through an aqueous phase in which crystals mainly constituted by water are surrounded by a liquid solution mainly constituted alcohol. This aqueous phase, before the total solidification, enables a relaxation of the internal stresses induced by the crystallization of the water and its volumetric expansion. The liquid solution that surrounds the crystals acts as a lubricant.

(5) In addition, the mixture of water and alcohol allows precisely controlling the final dimensions of the block of ice: the thermal expansion taking place in the aqueous phase, it is homogeneously distributed in all directions of the block of ice, unlike a pure water block of ice which is locally deformed and frozen at slightly different moments from one point to another of the block of ice.

(6) The method according to the invention allows quick and simple manufacture of ice projectiles by using a mixture of water and alcohol.

(7) In addition, the mixture of water and alcohol allows manufacturing ice projectiles having mechanical characteristics similar to the mechanical characteristics of natural hailstones.

(8) Furthermore, the method according to the invention allows manufacturing ice projectiles composed of volatile elements which leave no solid residue after the projection and drying thereof, unlike the projectiles that contain a solid fiber core.

(9) According to a particular arrangement, the solidification temperature of the mixture is substantially equal to 200K.

(10) The step of cooling the mixture in the means for cooling and solidifying the mixture into a block of ice, down to a solidification temperature of the mixture, in order to obtain at least one block of ice, has a transition temperature range in which the mixture has an aqueous phase composed of solid crystals mainly composed of water, the solid crystals being surrounded by a liquid solution mainly composed of alcohol.

(11) According to a particular arrangement, the transition temperature range may be comprised between 270K and 230K.

(12) According to a particular arrangement, the step of cooling the mixture in the means for cooling and solidifying the mixture into a block of ice, down to a solidification temperature of the mixture, in order to obtain at least one block of ice may be performed at a rate higher than or equal to 0.5K per second.

(13) Thus, the method according to the invention allows quickly producing an ice projectile from liquid solutions.

(14) According to another particular arrangement, the step of cooling the mixture in the means for cooling and solidifying the mixture into a block of ice, down to a solidification temperature of the mixture, in order to obtain at least one block of ice may be performed at a rate lower than or equal to 0.5K per second.

(15) According to the same arrangement, the step of cooling the mixture in the means for cooling and solidifying the mixture into a block of ice, down to a solidification temperature of the mixture, in order to obtain at least one block of ice is performed by stirring the mixture to maintain the homogeneity thereof.

(16) The step of projecting the, or each, block of ice is carried out at a temperature comprised between 60K and 250K.

(17) The temperature of the ice projectile during the projection thereof allows optimizing the mechanical properties to simulate as accurately as possible a hailstone.

(18) Referring now to at least FIG. 2, a cooling and solidifying means 24 is illustrated schematically, the cooling and solidifying means may comprise at least one mold 26 (illustrated schematically) for shaping at least one block of ice.

(19) The cooling and solidifying means can comprise at least one tube 28 (illustrated schematically) allowing cooling and shaping at least one block of ice.

(20) The at least one tube 28 may be connected to projection means 30 (illustrated schematically) allowing projecting the, or each, block of ice positioned in the corresponding tube towards a target 34.

(21) Thus, the ice projectile can be solidified and projected by the same device.

(22) The cooling and solidifying means may comprise at least one cryostat 32 (illustrated schematically).

(23) The alcohol may belong to the group comprising ethanol, methanol, butanol and propanol.

(24) The amount of alcohol is provided by an alcoholic solution having a purity higher than or equal to 90%.

(25) The water is provided by an aqueous solution taken from distilled water and demineralized water.