MODULE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A MODULE, A BUILDING WALL AND A BUILDING

Abstract

A module, in particular for a building, includes a wall having at least two, preferably parallel, wall outer sides, which are spaced apart from one another. At least one channel is disposed between the two wall outer sides and is filled with a self-curing material. A building including at least one module, a method for producing a module, a method for producing a building wall and a method for producing a building, are also provided.

Claims

1-40. (canceled)

41. A module or building module, comprising: a wall having at least two wall outer sides being spaced apart from one another; at least one channel disposed between said at least two wall outer sides; and a self-curing material filling said at least one channel.

42. The module according to claim 41, wherein said at least two wall outer sides are mutually parallel.

43. The module according to claim 41, wherein said at least one channel is at least one conduit constructed as at least one of hollow firebricks or concrete conduits or plastics conduits or metal conduits, and said at least one conduit is circular or polygonal.

44. The module according to claim 41, wherein said self-curing material filling said at least one channel is at least one of concrete or a plastics resin or plastics or a gypsum-containing material.

45. The module according to claim 41, wherein said at least one channel has an opening to the outside, permitting said at least one channel to be filled from outside the module.

46. The module according to claim 41, wherein/which further comprises said at least one channel at least partially has a reinforcement, wherein the reinforcement extends preferably along said at least one channel.

47. The module according to claim 41, wherein said at least one channel is at least two channels disposed perpendicular or parallel to one another between said wall outer sides.

48. The module according to claim 41, wherein said at least one channel is at least two channels disposed horizontally or diagonally between said wall outer sides and having different cross sections.

49. The module according to claim 41, which further comprises a filler material surrounding said at least one channel between said wall outer sides, said filler material being at least one of polyurethane foam or lightweight concrete or straw concrete or mineral foam or expanded stone or porous concrete or limestone or sand-lime brick or clay/firestone or wood or wood derivatives or wood fibers or other organic fibrous material or other inorganic or mineral fibrous material or cob or loam or sand or bulk material or polystyrene or glass wool or rock wool or recycled material or paper or asbestos.

50. The module according to claim 41, wherein said wall outer sides include a first wall outer side, an insulation layer is attached to said first wall outer side, and said insulation layer includes at least one of polyurethane foam or lightweight concrete or straw concrete or mineral foam or expanded stone or porous concrete or limestone or sand-lime brick or clay/firestone or wood or wood derivatives or wood fibers or pressboard panel or other organic fibrous material or other inorganic or mineral fibrous material or cob or loam or sand or bulk material or polystyrene or glass wool or rock wool or recycled material or paper or asbestos or at least one vacuum chamber.

51. The module according to claim 41, wherein said wall outer sides include a first wall outer side directed toward a building exterior, and an insulation layer and a building external cladding are attached on said first wall outer side, said building external cladding being attached to a supporting structure or anchored in the module, and anchoring elements being fitted in the module.

52. The module according to claim 51, wherein said wall outer sides include a second wall outer side directed into the building interior, an installation level is formed on said second wall outer side for at least one of electrical or hydraulic or pneumatic or data or communication or ventilation lines, said installation level being at least one of formed by a homogeneous layer or disposed between a lining wall and said wall.

53. The module according to claim 41, wherein the module forms internal walls along with other modules, and a respective installation level is formed on each of said wall outer sides.

54. The module according to claim 41, which further comprises a lining wall, and at least one of said wall outer sides or said lining wall includes at least one of wood, wooden slats, hardboards, organic, inorganic or mineral fiberboards, gypsum board, concrete, sheet metal, plastic or cardboard.

55. The module according to claim 41, which further comprises at least one of a window or a door disposed in the module.

56. The module according to claim 41, which further comprises a honeycomb or mesh structure disposed in the module.

57. The module according to claim 56, wherein said honeycomb or mesh structure forms installation points on one of said wall outer sides, and said installation points are formed by at least one of dowels or installation anchors.

58. A building, comprising: a building wall including at least one or a plurality of modules according to claim 41.

59. A method for producing a module or a building module, the method comprising: forming a channel between at least first and second wall outer sides of a wall; filling an intermediate space between the wall outer sides with a filler material; placing an installation level on the second wall outer side; forming empty channel in the installation level; and forming leadthroughs transversely relative to the empty channels to produce a fitting opening for at least one of electrical, gas, water, ventilation, communication or compressed-air installations leading to the outside.

60. The method according to claim 59, which further comprises: forming the empty channels in the installation level by at least one of drilling along the installation level or installing empty conduits; additionally milling or slotting installation channels; populating the fitting opening; inserting windows and doors; and placing an insulation layer on the first wall outer side.

61. A method for producing a building wall, the method comprising: producing at least one module according to claim 41; erecting the module; introducing a reinforcement into a channel; and filling the channel with at least one of a liquid self-curing material or concrete or synthetic resin.

62. A method for producing a building, the method comprising: creating a lower storey slab of a building; erecting a building wall including at least one of the modules according to claim 41 on the lower storey slab; creating an upper storey slab on the building wall; routing lines at least one of on the storey slabs or in an empty channel of an installation level formed on one of the wall outer sides; and introducing the lines into the empty channels.

Description

[0045] The invention will be discussed in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment and with reference to the associated drawings, in which:

[0046] FIG. 1: a) shows a perspective view of a module according to the invention which, in the lower part, is mounted with a groove onto a tongue and, at the upper end, has a channel for forming a continuous supporting beam level, [0047] b) shows a variant of the tongue,

[0048] FIG. 2: shows a section through the module according to the invention, wherein reinforcement rods are arranged in channels of the module,

[0049] FIG. 3: shows a building wall according to the invention composed of a multiplicity of different modules,

[0050] FIG. 4: a) shows a schematic truncation of a module, b) shows a building wall with a truncated module,

[0051] FIG. 5: shows a section through a building according to the invention with a building wall, wherein the modules have been equipped with lines of the building, and with a suspended ceiling and with a floor structure as main installation levels,

[0052] FIG. 6: shows an alternative with an empty channel, and

[0053] FIG. 7: shows a perspective view of the wall module, wherein two partial sections into the interior of the wall module show the filling of the compartments formed by the posts with [0054] a) a honeycomb structure and [0055] b) a mesh structure.

[0056] FIG. 1a shows a module 10 according to the invention which is in the process of being placed onto a lower storey slab 46. For this purpose, a tongue 45 of cuboidal shape has been arranged on the storey slab 46. Three reinforcement rods 18, which are schematically illustrated in FIG. 1, project out of the tongue 45, which reinforcement rods serve in this case by way of example, in addition to a multiplicity of further possibilities, for reinforcement and for the connection of the module 10 to the storey slab 46. The reinforcement rods 18 are formed perpendicularly with respect to the storey slab 46. Likewise, the tongue 45 lies perpendicularly on the storey slab 46. The upper surface of the tongue 45 is parallel to the surface of the storey slab 46.

[0057] The module 10 as per FIG. 1a comprises a wall 12 with wall outer sides which are arranged parallel to one another and which may be formed by outer walls. A groove 11u is formed between the wall outer sides of the wall 12 in the region of the lower end, which groove is delimited along the wall 12 by webs 13. In this exemplary embodiment, at the upper end of the wall module 10, there is situated a formwork channel 11o which is open upwardly and to the sides. This, too, is delimited along the wall 12 by webs 13. At the sides, the module boundary 17 is predefined by the length of the wall 12. The groove 11u and the formwork channel 11o are open at their axial ends in the region of the module boundary 17. In this way, the module 10 is, to the side of the module boundary 17, of H-shaped form, or the cross section through the module 10 is H-shaped.

[0058] In the wall 12, there are arranged channels 14 which are formed as circular conduits 15. The conduits 15 are produced for example from hollow firebricks and/or concrete conduits and/or plastics conduits and/or metal conduits. Three vertical conduits 15 are arranged with equal spacing to one another. The spacing corresponds to the spacing of the reinforcement rods 18 to one another. Running horizontally is a conduit 15 which connects the three vertical conduits 15 to one another. It is possible for more or fewer than three vertical and one horizontal conduit 15 to be arranged. The vertical and horizontal conduits may have different cross sections. The conduits may run diagonally. Furthermore, by means of conduits with a relatively smaller diameter, a grid-like supporting structure may be formed which connects or jointly fills the post-and-beam structure. The vertical conduits 15 extend from the upper formwork channel 11o to the lower groove 11u. Here, the conduit 15 does not project into the upper and the lower groove 11u or the formwork channel 11o. Alternatively, the conduit 15 may project into the upper and the lower groove 11u, 11o. The vertical conduits 15 form openings 16 within the lower groove 11u and the upper formwork channel 11o, which openings are upwardly and downwardly open. Also, in each case one opening 16 is arranged at the module boundaries 17, which opening is generated by the horizontal conduit 15.

[0059] The module 10 is mounted with the lower groove 11u onto the tongue 45, as symbolized by the three arrows at the lower end of the module 10. In this way, the reinforcement rods 18 are guided into the conduits 15. The tongue 45 has either the dimensions of the groove 11u, such that the latter is filled by the tongue 45, or said tongue is alternatively formed with a relatively small height, such that said groove is partially also filled with liquid self-curing material during the building process.

[0060] After one or more modules 10 have been arranged on the storey slab 46 on the tongue 45, a liquid self-curing material 19 is filled in through the outwardly directed openings 16. The material 19 may be filled in through only one upper opening 16 or through multiple upper and/or lateral openings 16. The material 19 is preferably liquid concrete.

[0061] An alternative connection of the module 10 to the storey slab 46 is shown in FIG. 1b. There, the tongue 45 is formed by a base panel 60 with two parallel webs 61, 62, which may also be closed at the end sides. During the creation of the storey slab 46, the base panel 60 is jointly integrally cast, and possibly also equipped with spacers or the like, such that preferably the top sides of the storey slab 46 and the base panel 60 lie in one plane. The base panel 60 and the webs 61, 62 may furthermore be equipped with reinforcements, as may the storey slab 46. After the module 10 has been mounted with the groove 11u onto the webs 61, 62 and after the reinforcement rods 18 have optionally been inserted, then a liquid self-curing material 19 is cast in through the conduits 15.

[0062] It may also be provided that, with the lower groove 11u being omitted, the module 10 is held between the webs 61, 62, with the disadvantage that the webs 61, 62 then protrude from the outer walls of the module 10.

[0063] It is possible for multiple modules 10 to be erected adjacent to one another, such that the lateral openings 16 thereof are aligned with one another. In this way, the liquid material 19 can flow from one module into another.

[0064] FIG. 2 shows a vertical section through a module 10 according to the invention with only two vertical channels 14, which may be designed as conduits 15.

[0065] In the conduits 15, there are arranged reinforcement rods 18, which intersect in accordance with the course of the conduits 15. The reinforcement rods 18 need not imperatively be installed into the channels 14. It is also conceivable for only vertical or horizontal reinforcement rods 18 to be used. It is furthermore possible for reinforcement rods 18 to be arranged in the conduits 15 and to then be connected to the reinforcement rods 18 which project out of the tongue 45. The reinforcement rods 18 which project out of the tongue 45 may preferably be of such a length that they extend through the entire module 10 as far as into the formwork channel 11o and beyond, and can thus connect a lower storey slab 46 to an upper storey slab 48. In particular in such a case, the formwork channel 11o can be omitted.

[0066] In FIG. 2, the horizontal reinforcement 18 projects out at the module boundaries 17, such that the reinforcement 18 projects into a channel 14 of an adjacent module 10, and is fixed there by being concreted in.

[0067] On the module 10, there is formed an upper storey slab 48, which is formed by retroactive placement of concrete. The upper storey slab 48 and the upper formwork channel 11o may be connected to one another materially and/or by means of reinforcement fabrics and in particular by means of the reinforcement rods 18.

[0068] Between the outer sides of the wall modules, there is formed an intermediate space 38, in which the channels 14 or the conduits 15 are also arranged. The intermediate space 38 forms, by means of the conduits 15, compartments which are rectangular. The intermediate space 38 is filled with a filler material 20, such that the channels 14 are at least partially surrounded by the filler material 20. The filler material 20 may comprise polyurethane foam and/or lightweight concrete and/or straw concrete and/or mineral foam and/or expanded stone and/or porous concrete and/or limestone and/or sand-lime brick and/or clay/firestone and/or wood and/or wood derivatives and/or wood fibers and/or other organic fibrous material and/or other inorganic or mineral fibrous material and/or cob and/or loam and/or sand and/or bulk material and/or polystyrene and/or glass wool and/or rock wool and/or recycled material and/or paper and/or asbestos.

[0069] A building wall 36 as per FIG. 3 for a building 34 is constructed from the modules 10. The building wall 36 comprises different module types 6, 7, 8, 9, which are manufactured at a factory and transported to a building site in order to be arranged adjacent to one another there.

[0070] A normal module 9 is shown, which has a wall 12 over its entire extent. Furthermore, adjacent to this, a relatively narrow intermediate module 8 is shown. In the intermediate module 8 and the normal module 9, there are arranged in each case one vertical and three horizontal channels 14, which are connected to one another. At the opposite side of the intermediate module 8, there is arranged a window module 7. The window module 7 has a window 32 which is arranged in a cutout 33 formed in the wall 12. The window module 7 has only three horizontal channels 14. It is also possible for a door module 6 to join an intermediate element 8, wherein the door 30 is likewise arranged in a cutout. The door module 6 has two separate channels 14. The module boundaries 17 of the modules 6, 7, 8, 9 bear directly against one another. The building wall 36 is provided by means of the juxtaposition of the modules 6, 7, 8, 9. After the reinforcement rods 18 have been inserted, a liquid self-curing material such as concrete 19 may be cast into the channels 14. The modules 6, 7, 8, 9 may be supplemented by conventional masonry wall work with separate masonry wall bricks.

[0071] On the lower storey slab 48, a dashed line is used to indicate the floor structure, which constitutes a main installation level 49 for water and wastewater installations. Likewise, on the upper storey slab 46, a suspended ceiling is indicated by a dashed line, wherein the main installation level 47 for electrical and communication installations is arranged between the storey slab 46 and the suspended ceiling.

[0072] The wall elements may be truncated. FIG. 4 illustrates how a normal element 9 is truncated. The truncation may be performed from both sides. Measurement 92 is performed from the right-hand module boundary 17, and a cut 91 is made. This may be performed locally on the building site or centrally at the factory. The truncated module 90 is erected and installed in accordance with the method according to the invention adjacent to a further element, such as for example a window module 7. The building wall 36 can thus be individually truncated.

[0073] FIG. 5 shows a section through the building 34 with the building wall 36. The module 10 is equipped, on a first wall outer side 22 which is formed by the wall 12 and which is directed into the free surroundings, with an insulation layer 24 which comprises polyurethane foam and/or lightweight concrete and/or straw concrete and/or mineral foam and/or expanded stone and/or porous concrete and/or wood and/or wood derivatives and/or wood fibers and/or pressboard panels and/or other organic fibrous material and/or other inorganic or mineral fibrous material and/or cob and/or loam and/or sand and/or bulk material and/or polystyrene and/or glass wool and/or rock wool and/or recycled material and/or paper and/or asbestos and/or wool and/or at least one vacuum chamber.

[0074] The oppositely situated wall outer side 25 of the wall 12 is directed into the interior of the building 34. On the second wall outer side 25, there is formed an installation level 26 for electrical and/or hydraulic and/or pneumatic and/or data and/or heating and/or ventilation lines. The installation level 26 is produced by means of wooden slats and/or multipurpose panels which are attached to the wall 12. A plaster 23, which may comprise mineral or organic material, is applied to the installation level 26.

[0075] Alternatively, the installation level 26 may be composed of a homogeneous layer 27. It is also possible for a lining wall 28 to be fastened to a slatted construction which generates a cavity between the second wall outer side 25 and the lining wall 28, such that the lines 50 are arranged in the cavity.

[0076] Empty channels 40 for the lines 50 are generated in the installation level 26 by means of a vertical drilling process. Such empty channels 40 may be formed or predrilled already during the production process. If the creation is necessary on site, it has proven to be expedient for a perforation in the form of cavities or recesses, which simplify the drilling process, to be formed into the installation level 26 in advance.

[0077] The empty channels 40 are made accessible through the plaster 23 and a part of the installation level 26 by means of leadthroughs 42. The leadthroughs 42 have mounting openings 44 on the interior side of the building 34. Installation elements such as water faucets, radiators, plug sockets, switches, microphones and/or loudspeakers can be mounted here. The leadthroughs 42 may also be led to the exterior, for example for the purposes of attaching lights or doorbells to the building wall. Leadthroughs are also formed at the height of the main installation levels 47, 49 at the ceiling and at the floor, such that the lines 50 can be led through the leadthroughs into the empty conduits 40.

[0078] The intermediate space 38 has been filled with filler material 20. The channel 14, which is formed as a conduit 15, has preferably been filled with concrete, which is also used for concreting the storey slabs 46, 48. Here, the storey slabs 46, 48 are connected by means of tongue 11u and the upper formwork channel 11o respectively to the module 10. Furthermore, the reinforcement rods 18 extend from the upper storey slab 46 to the lower storey slab 48. The boundary between storey slab and channel 11o is indicated by a dashed line. The formwork channel 11o may be larger than the groove 11u.

[0079] If the formation of the main installation levels 47, 49 by way of a suspended ceiling and the floor structure respectively is not possible or not desired, a preferably horizontally running empty channel 29 is provided, cf. FIG. 6, possibly also as a supplement or alternative to these main installation levels 47, 49. Such an empty channel 29 for accommodating and distributing installations of all types will be positioned in particular in the direction of the storey slabs 46, 48, in the exemplary embodiment in the direction of the upper storey slab 46. It is also possible for multiple such empty channels to be provided, which in particular adjoin the filler material 20. Toward the interior of the building 34, an empty channel 29 of said type extends through the installation level 26 and the plaster 23. After installation has been completed, or upon the completion of the building 34, the empty channel 29 is closed by means of panels composed of wood, glued wood, fibrous fabric, concrete, gypsum, plastics or metal, and possibly plastered. The panels themselves may also already be provided with a filigree surface which terminates flush with the building interior wall surface of the installation level 26.

[0080] FIG. 7 shows the compartments formed by the conduits 15 and channels 14. In FIG. 6 a), a honeycomb structure 99 is arranged in the intermediate space 38, wherein the honeycomb structure 99 extends areally within the intermediate space 38 along the wall outer side. In FIG. 6 b), a mesh structure 98 is provided instead. The honeycomb or mesh structure 98, 99 is in this case connected cohesively, or by fastening means such as screws, nails or rivets or hooks, to the conduits 15 and channels 14 and to the upper formwork channel 11o and to the lower groove 11u. Here, the honeycomb or mesh structure 99, 98 is at least partially surrounded by and thus at least partially filled with the filler material 20.

[0081] The honeycomb or mesh structure 98, 99 may be composed of wood and/or wood derivatives and/or pressboard and/or fibrous material and/or plastics and/or synthetic resin and/or concrete and/or porous or straw concrete and/or mineral foam and/or limestone and/or sand-lime brick and/or clay/firestone and/or loam and/or a curing foam such as polystyrene or polyurethane and/or a gypsum-like material.

[0082] Furthermore, the honeycomb or mesh structure 98, 99 are, at certain points, led through the filler material to the wall outer sides of the module 10. The mounting points thus generated serve for the fastening of installations and/or installation levels and/or lining walls and/or exterior wall claddings and/or other wall claddings. The mounting points may be composed of the same material as or else of some other material than the honeycomb or mesh structure. It is also possible for dowels or mounting anchors to be provided in the structure.