Abstract
There is disclosed an apparatus for mooring a structure, the apparatus includes a first portion for receiving a portion of a line, such as a mooring line, extending from a structure. A guide portion for guiding a/the portion of a line received by the first portion, the guide portion being movably connected to the first portion and a second portion for connecting or coupling the apparatus to a seabed or a further structure located thereon, the second portion being movably connected to the first portion and/or guide portion.
Claims
1. An apparatus for mooring a structure, the apparatus comprising: a first portion configured to receive a mooring line extending from the structure to the apparatus; a guide portion configured to guide the mooring line received by the first portion, the guide portion being movably connected to the first portion; and a second portion configured to connect the apparatus to a seabed or to a further structure located thereon, the second portion being movably connected to the first portion and to the guide portion, wherein the apparatus comprises an axis and the first portion, the second portion and the guide portion being movable about the axis of the apparatus, and wherein in a first configuration of the apparatus the first and second portions are arranged relative to each other such that a longitudinal axis of the first portion is substantially in line, collinear or coaxial with a longitudinal axis of the second portion.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured or arranged such that in the first configuration a longitudinal axis of the apparatus is substantially in line, collinear or coaxial with a longitudinal axis of a portion of a line extending from the structure.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second portion comprises a groove and/or a protrusion, the groove and/or the protrusion being configured to support a mounting element connected to at least one end of the mooring line.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first portion, the second portion and the guide portion are spin rotationally movable about the axis of the apparatus.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a line engaging device being movably connected to the first portion.
6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the line engaging device is connected to the first portion, the line engaging device being movable, actuatable and/or operable between a first position and a second position.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured or arranged such that in the first configuration an axis of the apparatus is substantially co-planar with a longitudinal axis of a line extending from a structure and/or the axis of the apparatus extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of a line extending from a structure.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in a second configuration of the apparatus, the first and second portions are arranged relative to each other such that the longitudinal axis of the first portion extends at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the second portion.
9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the guide portion is connected to the first portion such that an axis of the apparatus extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the first portion and/or that the longitudinal axis of the first portion intersects the axis of the apparatus.
10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second portion is configured to receive, mount and/or support a mounting element connected to at least one end of a line.
11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second portion is configured to align a mounting element connected to at least one end of a line received in or threaded through the apparatus and/or at least one end of a line received in or threaded through the apparatus relative to the apparatus.
12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second portion comprises a first connector portion for complementary mating with a corresponding second connector portion.
13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the first connector portion is movably connected or connectable to the second connector portion.
14. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second portion is configured to connect the apparatus to a further mooring line extending from the seabed or to a further structure located on the seabed.
15. The apparatus according to claim 14, the second portion being movably connected or connectable to the further line or the further structure.
16. A system for mooring a structure, the system comprising an apparatus for mooring the structure according to claim 1.
17. A method for mooring a structure, the method comprising: locating an apparatus for mooring the structure according to claim 1 at a site or location, such as a subsea or underwater site or location; and connecting the structure to the apparatus or a portion thereof.
18. A portion of an apparatus for mooring a structure according to claim 1, wherein the portion is configured to receive, support and/or mount a mounting element of a line.
19. A mounting element of a line, the mounting element being mountable on the portion of the apparatus for mooring a structure according to claim 18.
20. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an end of the first portion, an end of the second portion and a center of the guide portion are provided on the axis.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
(1) These and other aspects of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
(2) FIGS. 1(a) and (b) schematic views of a system for mooring a structure according to one or more described example(s);
(3) FIG. 1(c) a table of a wrap angle and tension factor;
(4) FIG. 2(a) an isometric view of an apparatus for mooring a structure according to one or more described example(s);
(5) FIG. 2(b) a part-sectional view of the apparatus in FIG. 2(a);
(6) FIG. 3(a) an isometric view of the apparatus of FIG. 2(a) in a first configuration of the apparatus;
(7) FIG. 3(b) an isometric view of the apparatus of FIG. 2(a) in a second configuration of the apparatus;
(8) FIG. 4(a) a side view of the apparatus of FIG. 2(a) in the first configuration in which a first portion of the apparatus is shown as effectively transparent;
(9) FIG. 4(b) a side view of the apparatus of FIG. 2(a) in the second configuration in which the first portion of the apparatus is shown as effectively transparent;
(10) FIG. 4(c) a part cutaway view of the apparatus of FIG. 2(a) in the second configuration in which a part of the first portion of the apparatus is shown as effectively transparent;
(11) FIGS. 5(a) and (b) isometric views of the apparatus for mooring a structure according to another described example(s);
(12) FIGS. 6(a) and (b) isometric views of the apparatus of FIG. 5(a) connected to a further structure on seabed;
(13) FIGS. 7(a) and (b) isometric views of the further structure on seabed of FIG. 6(b);
(14) FIG. 8 a flow diagram of a method for mooring a structure according to one or more described example(s);
(15) FIG. 9 an anchor for use in a method of installing a mooring line according to an embodiment of the present invention;
(16) FIGS. 10(a) and 10(b) a mooring line assembly used in the method of installing a mooring line of FIG. 9;
(17) FIGS. 11(a) to (c) a series of views showing the mooring line assembly of FIGS. 10(a) and 10(b) being deployed to the anchor of FIG. 9;
(18) FIG. 12 a view of the mooring line assembly of FIGS. 10(a) and 10(b) connected to the anchor of FIG. 9;
(19) FIGS. 13 to 16 steps in a method of mooring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
(20) FIG. 17 a modification to the method of FIGS. 13 to 16;
(21) FIGS. 18 and 19 further steps in the method of mooring of FIGS. 13 to 16;
(22) FIG. 20a an exemplary representation of a mooring configuration for a structure;
(23) FIG. 20b a further exemplary representation of a mooring configuration for a structure;
(24) FIG. 21 a representation of a step in a mooring method, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
(25) FIG. 22 a representation of a further step in a mooring method, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
(26) FIG. 23 a representation of a further step in a mooring method, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
(27) FIG. 24 a representation of a further step in a mooring method, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
(28) FIG. 25 a representation of a further step in a mooring method, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
(29) FIG. 26 a representation of a further step in a mooring method, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
(30) FIG. 27 a representation of an intermediate stage in the execution of the mooring method, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
(31) FIG. 28 a representation of a further step in a mooring method, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
(32) FIG. 29 a representation of a further step in a mooring method, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
(33) FIG. 30 a representation of a moored structure;
(34) FIG. 31 a representation of a step in a mooring method, according to a further embodiment of the present invention;
(35) FIG. 32 a representation of a further step in a mooring method, according to the further embodiment of the present invention;
(36) FIG. 33 a representation of a further step in a mooring method, according to the further embodiment of the present invention;
(37) FIG. 34 a representation of a further step in a mooring method, according to the further embodiment of the present invention;
(38) FIG. 35 a representation of a further step in a mooring method, according to the further embodiment of the present invention;
(39) FIG. 36 a representation of a further step in a mooring method, according to the further embodiment of the present invention;
(40) FIG. 37 a representation of a further step in a mooring method, according to the further embodiment of the present invention;
(41) FIG. 38 a representation of a further step in a mooring method, according to the further embodiment of the present invention;
(42) FIG. 39 a representation of a moored structure;
(43) FIG. 40 a perspective view of the retention and tensioning device, according to the embodiment, and the the further embodiment of the present invention;
(44) FIG. 41 a side view of a retention and tensioning device, according to the the embodiment and the further embodiment of the present invention; and
(45) FIG. 42 a front view of the retention and tensioning device, according to the embodiment and the further embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
(46) An exemplary system 5 for mooring a structure is shown in FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b). The system 5 includes an apparatus for mooring a structure. The apparatus may be configured to permit tensioning of a line, such as a mooring line, offshore mooring line, underwater mooring line or subsea mooring line or the like, connected to the structure. The apparatus may be provided in the form of a mooring tensioner 10 and the line may be provided in the form of a chain 15. It will be appreciated that in other examples the line may be provided in the form of a rope, synthetic, e.g. polyester, wire or the like. A first end, e.g. a distal end, 15a of the chain 15 is connected to the structure, which in this example is provided in the form of a floating platform or rig 20. It will be appreciated that in other examples, the structure may be a floating structure, offshore structure, vessel, plat form, subsea structure, underwater structure or buoy, such a submersible buoy, semisubmersible buoy or submerged turret production buoy or submerged turret loading buoy, or the like.
(47) In the example of FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b), a portion 15b of the chain 15 is threaded through the mooring tensioner 10 and guided towards a vessel 22. A second end, e.g. a free end, 15c of the chain 15 is shown as being coupled to the vessel 22 and/or a pulling or tensioning arrangement, such as a winch and/or motor or the like, for adjustment of a tension and/or length of the chain 15.
(48) As can be seen in the exemplary mooring tensioner 10 shown in FIG. 1(b), a first end 25a of a further mooring line 25 can be connected to the mooring tensioner, while the second end 25b of the further mooring line 25 is connected to a seabed 30, e.g. to a further structure 30a located on the seabed 30. The further structure 30a may be provided in the form of a drag embedment anchor, vertically loaded anchor, driven pile, suction pile, suction anchor, suction embedded plate anchor or other types of anchors or structures. It will be appreciated that in other examples the mooring tensioner may be directed connected/connectable to the seabed 30 and/or the further structure 30a located thereon.
(49) An exemplary mooring tensioner 10 is shown in FIGS. 1(b), 2(a) to 6(b). The mooring tensioner 10 includes a first portion 35 for receiving the portion 15b of the chain 15 that extends from the rig 20 to the mooring tensioner 10. The exemplary mooring tensioner 10 includes a guide portion for guiding the portion 15b of the chain 15 received by the first portion 35. The guide portion may be provided in the form of a chain wheel or sheave 40. In this example the chain wheel or sheave 40 is a five pocket chain wheel. It will be appreciated that in other examples other wheels, such as wheels without any pockets or a more or less than five pockets, may be utilised as a guide portion. The chain wheel 40 is movably connected, such as rotatably or pivotably connected, to the first portion 35. The mooring tensioner 10 includes a second portion 45 for connecting or coupling the mooring tensioner 10 to the seabed 30 and/or the further structure 30a located thereon. It will be appreciated that the second portion 45 may be configured to connect the mooring tensioner 10 directly or indirectly to the seabed 30 and/or the further structure 30a located thereon, as will be described below. The second portion 45 is movably connected, such as pivotably or rotatably connected, to the first portion 35 and/or the chain wheel 40.
(50) The mooring tensioner 10 includes an axis A, which may be provided in the form of a rotational axis A. The axis A may be provided by an elongate member, which may be in the form of a first load pin or pin 47. The first portion 35, the second portion 45 and/or the chain wheel 40 are arranged to be movable, such as rotatable or pivotable, around or about the axis A, e.g. the pin 47, of the mooring tensioner 10. In other words, the first portion 35, the chain wheel 40 and/or the second portion 45 are coaxially arranged relative to each other. The coaxial arrangement of the first portion 35, chain wheel 40 and/or second portion 45 may permit the first portion 35, chain wheel 40 and/or second portion 45 to be aligned relative to each other during pull-in/tensioning of the chain 15, e.g. by the pulling and/or tensioning arrangement. This may reduce out of plane strain acting on the mooring tensioner 10 and the chain 15, e.g. during pulling-in/tensioning of the chain 15.
(51) Referring back to FIGS. 1(a) to 1(c), tension T2 acting on the further mooring line can be greater than tension T1 on the chain 15, which may be applied by or due to the vessel 22 and/or the rig 20. The extent to which the load/tensioning from the vessel 22 can be increased can depend of a wrap angle θ of the chain 15 around the chain wheel 40. As can be seen from the table in FIG. 1(c), the factor of the tensions T2/T1 applied to the mooring tensioner 10 decreases with increasing wrap angle θ of the chain around the chain wheel 40. This may lead to a reduction in the tension that needs to be applied from the vessel in order to generate the required pre-tension in the mooring line and/or may allow smaller, more readily available and/or cheaper vessels to be used.
(52) The exemplary mooring tensioner 10 shown in FIGS. 1(b) to 6(b) includes a line engaging device, which may be provided in the form of a chain stopper 50. The chain stopper 50 may be or include one or more features of the chain engaging means disclosed in WO 2015/150770 (by the present applicant), which is hereby incorporated by reference. The chain stopper 50 can be configured to permit movement of the chain 15 a portion thereof in a first direction relative to the mooring tensioner 10, e.g. in a direction towards the chain wheel 45. The chain stopper 50 can be configured to prohibit movement of the chain 15 or a portion thereof in a second direction relative to the mooring tensioner 10, e.g. in a direction towards the rig 20. The chain stopper 50 may be or act as a one-way ratchet or the like.
(53) The chain stopper 50 is movably connected to the first portion 35. For example, the chain stopper 50 is connected to the first portion 35 so that chain stopper 50 is rotatable or privotable and/or slidable relative to the first portion 35. As can be seen in FIGS. 4(a) to 4(c), the chain stopper 50 is rotatably or pivotably connected to the first portion 35 at a first attachment region 35a, e.g. by a second elongate member, which may be provided in the form of a second pin or load pin 55a. The chain stopper 50 is slidably connected to the first portion 35 at a second attachment region 35b, e.g. by a third elongate member, which may be provided in form of a third pin or load pin 55b The chain stopper 50 includes a slot 60 provided in the chain stopper 50 through which the third pin extends. It will be appreciated that in other examples the slot may be provided in the first portion of the mooring tensioner additionally to or instead of the slot in the chain stopper.
(54) The chain stopper 50 is connected to the first portion 35 to be movable between a first position, shown in FIGS. 3(a) and 4(a), and a second position, shown in FIGS. 3(b) and 4(b). In the first position of the chain stopper 50, the third pin 55b is located at a first end 60a of the slot 60. In the second position of the chain stopper 50, the third pin 55b is located at a second end 60b of the slot 60. When tension is applied to the second end 15c of the chain 15, e.g. by the pulling and/or tensioning arrangement on the vessel 22, the chain stopper 50 is configured to move from the first position to the second position. In other words, due to the applied tension to the second end 15c of the chain 15, the third pin 55b moves from the first end 60a of the slot 60 towards the second end 60b of the slot 60. Tension may additionally act on the first end 15a of the chain 15 due to its connection to the rig 20.
(55) When the tension is released at the second end 15c of the chain 15, the chain stopper 50 is configured to move or return to the first position. In other words, due to the release of tension at the second end 15c of the chain 15, the third pin 55b moves or returns from the second end 60b of the slot 60 towards the first end 60a of the slot 60.
(56) The mooring tensioner 10 can be configured to be operable, movable and/or actuatable between a first configuration and a second configuration. In the first configuration of the mooring tensioner 10, the chain stopper 50 is in the first position, as shown in FIGS. 3(a) and 4(a). In the second configuration of the mooring tensioner 10, the chain stopper 50 is in the second position, as shown in FIGS. 3(b) and 4(b).
(57) As can be seen in the examples shown in FIGS. 3(a) and 4(a), in the first configuration of the mooring tensioner 10, the first portion 35 and the second portion 45 are arranged relative to each other such that a longitudinal axis B′ of the first portion 35 is substantially in line, collinear or coaxial with a longitudinal axis B″ of the second portion 45. The mooring tensioner 10 can be configured such that in the first configuration of the mooring tensioner, a/the longitudinal axis B of the mooring tensioner 10 is substantially in line, collinear or coaxial with a longitudinal axis C of the second end 15c of the chain 15.
(58) Additionally or alternatively, the mooring tensioner 10 can be configured such that in the first configuration of the mooring tensioner 10, the axis A of the mooring tensioner 10 is be substantially co-planar with the longitudinal axis C of the second end 15a of the chain 15 and/or the axis a of the mooring tensioner 10 extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis C of the first end 15a of the chain 15. In the first configuration of the mooring tensioner 10, out of plane strain acting on the mooring tensioner 10 and/or the chain 15 may be reduced.
(59) In the first configuration, the chain stopper 50 or a portion thereof can be configured to engage or be engageable with the chain 15 or portion thereof, e.g. to prevent movement of the chain 15 in the second direction.
(60) Referring to FIGS. 3(b) and 4(b), in the second configuration of the mooring tensioner 10, the first portion 35 and second portion 45 are arranged relative to each other such that the longitudinal axis of the first portion B′ extends at an angle α, which may be an acute angle, relative to the longitudinal axis B″ of the second portion 45. The mooring tensioner 10 may be configured such that in the second configuration, the longitudinal axis B′ of the first portion 35 extends at an angle β, e.g. an acute angle, relative to the longitudinal axis C of the second end 15c of the chain 15, as shown in FIG. 4(b). This may reduce out of plane strain acting on the mooring tensioner and/or the chain e.g. in use, e.g. during pull-in and/or tensioning of the chain 15. This may lead to a reduction of losses, e.g. due to friction between the chain under tension and the mooring tensioner, e.g. during pull-in and/or tensioning of the chain.
(61) In the second configuration, the chain stopper 50 means can be configured to partially disengage or be disengageable from the chain 15 or portion thereof, e.g. to prohibit movement of chain 15 or portion thereof in the first direction.
(62) As can be seen in the examples shown in FIGS. 1(b) to 4(b) the chain wheel 40 is be connected or connectable to the first portion 35 such that the axis A of the mooring tensioner 10 extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis B′ of the first portion 35 and the longitudinal axis B′ of the first portion 35 intersect the axis A, e.g. the first pin 47, of the mooring tensioner 10.
(63) Referring to FIGS. 2(a), 3(a) and 3(b), the second portion 45 can be configured to receive, mount and/or support a mounting element 65, which is connected to the second end 15c of the chain 15. For example, the second portion 45 can mount a mounting element of the chain 15, when tension on the second end 15c of the chain 15 is released. The second end 15c of the chain 15 may become slack, i.e. non-tensioned, as shown in FIG. 3(a). The mounting element 65 may permit secure parking or holding of an end of the chain 15 and/or prevent the end of the chain 15 from disengaging from or passing through the mooring tensioner 10. In other words, the mounting element 65 may act as a stopper to prevent the second end of the chain 15c from passing through the mooring tensioner 10. The mounting element 65 may facilitate access to an end of the chain 15 for subsequent tensioning of the chain 15. Additionally or alternatively, the mounting element 65 may negate the use of buoyancy element, which may be difficult to install.
(64) The second portion 45 can configured to align the mounting element 65 and/or the second end 15c of the chain 15 relative to the mooring tensioner 10, e.g. the second portion 45. This may maintain the chain 15 and/or the second end 15c of the chain 15 in alignment relative to the apparatus. The configuration of the mooring tensioner 10, e.g. second portion 45 may prevent misalignment or bending of parts, e.g. one or more link(s), of the chain 15. This may reduce strain acting of, damage and/or wear of the chain 15.
(65) Referring to FIGS. 2(a), 3(a) and 3(b), the mooring tensioner 10, e.g. the second portion 45 includes a groove or recess 45a and/or a protrusion 45b. In this example the second portion 45 includes a pair of oppositely arranged grooves or recesses 45a and/or a pair of oppositely arranged protrusions 45b. It will be appreciated that in other examples there may be provided less than two or more than two grooves or recesses and/or protrusions. The grooves or recesses 45a and/or protrusions 45b are shaped for mounting and/or supporting the mounting element 65. The grooves or recesses 45a and/or protrusions 45b are arranged and/or shaped to cooperate with a further protrusion 65a of a mounting element 65, e.g. to enable mounting of the mounting element 65 on the mooring tensioner 10, e.g. the second portion 45.
(66) The mounting element 65 is configured to permit connecting of the mounting element 65 and/or the second end 15c of the chain 15 to a yet further line (not shown), which may be in the form of a wire, e.g. a work wire, rope or the like. For example, in use the yet further line is connected to the pulling and/or tensioning arrangement on the vessel. Tension is applied to the yet further line, e.g. using the pulling and/or tensioning arrangement generates tension, e.g. tension T1 in the work wire and T2 in the mooring line, as for example shown in FIG. 1(a). For examples, the mounting element 65 may include a connection element 65b, which may be provided in the form of a pad eye or the like.
(67) Referring to FIGS. 5(a) to 7(b), the mooring tensioner 10 can include a first connector portion 70. In this example the first connector portion 70 is part of the second portion 45 and it moveably connected thereto. The first connector portion 70 can be provided for complementary mating with a corresponding second connector portion 75. The first and second connector portions 70, 75 are part of a subsea or underwater connector, e.g. a subsea or underwater mooring connector. An example of such a connector is disclosed in WO 2013/186553 (by the present applicant), which is hereby incorporated by reference. The second connector portion 75 is configured to be connected or connectable to the further structure 30a located on the seabed 30. The second connector portion 75 may be configured to moveably connected to the further structure 30a, e.g. by a first connection arrangement 80. The first connection arrangement 80 may be provided in the form of a joint or uni-joint arrangement and/or be configured to permit rotational movement of the second connector portion 75, e.g. in at least one direction, relative to the further structure 30a. A first part 80a of the first connection arrangement may be part of the second connector portion 75 and another part 80b of the first connection arrangement may be part of the further structure 30a. The connection arrangement 80 may be configured to be operated or switchable between a first configuration, in which the first part 80a of the connection arrangement 80 is maintained in stationary position, e.g. as shown in FIG. 6(a), and a second configuration, in which the first part 80a of the connection arrangement 80 and/or the mooring tensioner 10 or a portion thereof is permitted to move relative to the second part 80b of the connection arrangement 80 and/or the further structure 30a, e.g. as shown in FIG. 6(b). The first part 80a of the connection arrangement 80 may be maintained in a stationary position by one or more locking element(s) 90. For example, in use, removal of the one or more locking elements permits movement of the first part 80a of the connection arrangement 80 and/or the mooring tensioner 10 or a portion thereof relative to the second part 80b of the connection arrangement 80 and/or the further structure 30a.
(68) In the examples shown in FIGS. 5(a) to 6(b), the first connector portion 70 is provided in the form of a male part 70a and the second connector portion 75 is provided in the form of a female part 75a. The female part 75a is configured for receiving the male part 70a. The male part 70a is lowered towards the female part 75a to enable connection of the male part 70a to the female part 75a. During the lowering of the male part 70a into the female part 75a, the male part 70a may be aligned, such as rotationally aligned, relative to the female part 75a. Once the male and female parts 70a, 75a are aligned relative to each other, the male part 70a can be fully inserted into the female part 75a and secured to the female part 75a by a yet further elongate member, which may be provided in the form of a fourth load pin or pin 85.
(69) Referring back to the exemplary system 5 shown in FIGS. 2(a), 3(a) and 3(b), the second portion 45 can be configured to connect the mooring tensioner 10 to the further mooring line 25, which in turn is connected to the seabed 30 and/or the further structure 30a located thereon. The second portion 45 can be configured to be moveably connected to the further mooring line 25 or a portion thereof. For example, the system 5 can include a second connection arrangement 95 for moveably connecting the mooring tensioner 10, e.g. the second portion 45, to the further mooring line 25.
(70) FIG. 8 shows a flow diagram of an exemplary method for mooring a structure. As described above, the structure may be provided as a rig 20. The method can include the step of providing the mooring tensioner 10 and/or the system 5. In step (1010), the mooring tensioner 10 is located at a site or location e.g. a subsea or underwater site or location. Subsequently to locating the mooring tensioner 10, the mooring tensioner 10 is connected to the rig 20, e.g. threading the chain 15 through the mooring tensioner 10 and connecting the first end 15a of the chain 15 to the rig 20.
(71) The method can include the step of connecting or coupling the mooring tensioner 10 to the seabed 30 or a further structure 30a located thereon. This may be done by utilising the further mooring line 25 to connect, e.g. indirectly connect, the mooring tensioner 10 to the seabed 30 or a further structure 30a located thereon. In some examples the mooring tensioner 10 may be connected, e.g. directly connected, the seabed 30 or a further structure 30a located thereon, by utilising the connector or mooring connector, e.g. first and second connector portions 70, 75.
(72) In step 1020 the method includes moving or pulling-in the second end 15c of the chain 15 to adjust tension in the chain 15 and/or length the chain 15 or a portion of the chain 15 extending between the mooring tensioner 10 and the rig 20, e.g. using a pulling or tensioning arrangement, e.g. a winch and/or motor or the like, or an Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV). As described above, the yet further line may be connected to the second end 15c of the chain 15, e.g. the mounting element 65, and/or tension can be applied to the yet further line, e.g. by the pulling and/or tensioning arrangement on the vessel 22. The step of moving or pulling second end 15c of the chain 15 can include moving, actuating and/or operating the mooring tensioner 10 from first configuration into the second configuration.
(73) There will now be described a method of installing a mooring line or mooring line assembly according to the present invention. There will also be described a method of mooring, such as offshore mooring, e.g. of a buoyant structure.
(74) An installation sequence for a mooring line assembly or subsea tensioner according to the present invention is as follows. An anchor 101 is installed with one half (female) of a subsea mooring connector 102. In FIG. 1 this is shown as suction pile anchor, but the installation method is suitable for other anchor types. A length of chain 103 connects the half of the mooring connector 102) which should be kept above the seabed to a padeye 104 located in a beneficial location on the pile in order to maximise load holding capacity.
(75) A mooring line is deployed from an Anchor Handling Vessel (AHV) or other suitable construction vessel as shown in FIG. 10. At a bottom of the mooring line is a male half of the subsea mooring connector 105. The female half 102 is located on the pre-installed anchor 101. Above the male mooring connector 105 is a length of chain 106 sufficient to keep the more easily damaged wire or polyester rope section of the mooring line 107 clear of the seabed during the mooring systems service life. Above the wire/polyester rope there is a short length of chain 108 leading to a tensioner apparatus 109. Pre-installed into the tensioner 109 is sufficient length of chain 110 to adjust the tension of the mooring system accordingly. Above this length of chain 110 there is further wire or polyester rope 111. The length of chain 110 passes through the chain stopper of the tensioner (the chain flapper is secured in the down position), partially around the wheel of the tensioner where such is held in place with a pin 112. The length of chain 110 terminates with a rope sling 113 or other suitable lifting gear to allow later connection of the AHV work wire to chain 110 for the purpose of tensioning the mooring line.
(76) It should be noted that the above description covers one possible mooring line configuration. However, it will be appreciated that the tensioner can be positioned in any location in the mooring line above the male subsea mooring connector 105. For instance, chains 106 and 108 may be one short length of chain, rope 107, may be removed and rope 111 longer, such that the tensioner 109 would now be located closer to the anchor 101. This may be of benefit in positioning the tensioner (109) at sufficient depth to prevent marine growth that could foul the mechanism of the flapper. The use of a subsea mooring connector 102,105 provides flexibility and technical and/or commercial advantage.
(77) With the mooring line deployed from the installation vessel as described above, the line is positioned to allow the male mooring connector 105 at the end of the mooring line to be lowered into the female mooring connector 102 mounted on the suction pile. The procedure for installing the male mooring connector into the female and connecting the two halves, is described in detail in GB 2 517 873 B (by the present Applicant)
(78) With the Subsea Mooring Connector (SMC) fully connected, the SMC can be lifted from the deployment frame incorporated into the suction pile fabrication and laid onto the seabed. At this point it may be suitable to connect a buoyancy module (114) to the top end of the mooring line and to lower the buoyancy module into the water with the mooring line suspended below it. This would allow the mooring system to be pre-set prior to the arrival on location of a buoyant structure, e.g. a floating platform, to be moored. This would reduce the amount of time between arrival on location of the floating platform and the platform being tethered in a safe condition. This pre-set mooring line assembly with buoyancy module is as shown in FIG. 12.
(79) When the floating platform is present on location and ready to be moored, the installation vessel can recover the buoy back onto the deck, disconnect the buoy from the mooring line assembly, and approach the floating platform. Using a crane on the floating platform, a pre-installed short top section of the mooring line assembly 115 can be handed over to the installation vessel.
(80) When both the mooring line bottom section running to the anchor and the mooring line top section from the floating platform are on the deck of the installation vessel, both ends can be connected using an H-Link or similar joining method. The mooring line can then be lowered subsea using a work wire 116 from the installation vessel—see FIG. 15.
(81) With the mooring line assembly hanging relatively slack, the work wire from the installation can be disconnected from the mooring line assembly using a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV). When the work wire is disconnected it is recovered to the vessel, the mooring line assembly is now fully connected and appears as in FIG. 16.
(82) A possible variation on this installation method would be to remove the pre-installed section of mooring line attached to the floating platform that is used to hand over to the installation vessel. GB 2 512 312 A (also by the present Applicant), shows a device for the connection under tension of a mooring line to a floating structure—the connection being made directly at the interface between hull and mooring line. (See FIG. 17).
(83) The details of this connection method are disclosed in further detail in GB 2 512 312 A. This connection method could easily be incorporated into the overall mooring installation procedure outlined herein. The mooring line would be deployed by the installation vessel with the male connector from GB 2 512 312A. The pull-in rope 115 (see FIG. 17) would be connected to the floating platform crane which would perform the pull-in.
(84) With the mooring line fully connected, the installation vessel can now lower a work wire to be connected to the rope sling 113 that is attached to the end of the chain that passes through the tensioner and chain stopper 110.
(85) With the work wire attached to the chain that passes through the tensioner and chain stopper, the vessel can pull upwards on the wire to increase tension in the mooring line. The chain stopper engages should the work wire be slackened locking in the tension generating in the mooring line by previously pulling upwards.
(86) During tensioning the tension generated in the section of mooring line below the tensioner will be greater than the tension applied from the surface vessel. The extent to which the load from the vessel is magnified will depend upon the wrap angle of the chain around the 5 pocket wheel (see FIG. 1(c).
(87) Once the required tension has been reached the work wire is lowered until the chain stopper automatically engages with the chain 110 and the work wire goes slack. The mooring chain that has been pulled through the tensioner will be slack in service. It can be locked in position using the pin 112 provided. Excess slack chain could be removed using an ROV operated saw. With the slack chain secured by the pin, an ROV can disconnect the work wire from the rope sling 113. This completes the installation and tensioning of the mooring line.
(88) Referring to FIG. 20a, there is shown an exemplary representation of a mooring configuration for a structure, the mooring configuration generally denoted 5. The mooring configuration is representative of a wind application, i.e. mooring of a wind turbine 310. The wind turbine 310 is moored by three mooring lines 315a, 315b, 315c. A predominant direction of the wind is denoted by arrow 320. As can be seen from FIG. 20a, in such a mooring configuration, a tensioner 325 may only be used in one of the mooring lines.
(89) Similarly, FIG. 20b shows a further exemplary representation of a mooring configuration for a structure, the mooring configuration generally denoted 330. The mooring configuration is representative of a wind application, i.e. mooring of a wind turbine 335. The wind turbine 335 is moored by six mooring lines 340a, 340b, 340c, 340d, 340e, 340f. A predominant direction of the wind is denoted by arrow 345. As can be seen from FIG. 20b, in such a mooring configuration, tensioners 350a, 350b may only be used in two of the mooring lines.
(90) Referring to FIG. 21, there is shown a representation of a first step in a mooring method, generally denoted 355, according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The step 355 comprises installing a subsea anchor 360. In the embodiment shown, the anchor 360 is a Suction Embedded Plate Anchor (SEPLA). One would appreciate that in other embodiments encompassing the inventive concept of the present invention, the anchor 360 may be, or may comprise, a pile, such as a suction pile or the like. In the embodiment shown, the anchor 360 is installed on a seabed 365 by a pile vessel 370. The anchor 360 is adapted for use on the seabed 365. The step 355 of installing the subsea anchor 360 comprises a step of driving the anchor into the seabed 365 by means of a pile 375. Further, the step 355 of installing the subsea anchor 360 comprises a step of removing the pile 375, as can be seen with reference to FIG. 22. An ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) 380 may be used to adapt or configure the pile 375 and/or anchor 360 as required during the installation step 355.
(91) Referring to FIG. 22, there is shown a representation of a second step in a mooring method, generally denoted 385, according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The step 385 comprises providing a buoyant structure 390. The buoyant structure 390 is a structure to be moored. The structure 390 is a wind turbine. One would appreciate that in other embodiments encompassing the inventive concept of the present invention, the buoyant structure 390 may be a ship, a rig, a floating platform, a portion of a wind turbine, a buoy, such as a submersible buoy, a semisubmersible buoy, a submerged turret production buoy, a submerged turret loading buoy or the like. One would appreciate that numerous wind turbine configurations are possible, such as fully installed, or just a floating pedestal. The anchor 360 can be seen embedded in the seabed 365. The anchor is connected to a second portion 400a of a connector, as will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 40 to 42. The second portion 400a is connected to the anchor by means of a chain 405. The second portion 405a is located within a holder 410. The holder 410 holds the second portion 400a at a substantially vertical disposition.
(92) Referring to FIG. 23, there is shown a representation of a third step in a mooring method, generally denoted 415, according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The step 415 comprises lowering a mooring line 420 and a device 425 from the vessel 370. The device 425 comprises a first portion 400b of the connector. The first portion of the connector comprises a male connector portion 401b. The second portion 400a of the connector comprises a female connector portion 401a. The first portion 400b of the connector is positioned at a distal end of the device 425. Notably, the device 425 is loaded with a portion of the mooring line 120 before it is lowered into the body of water.
(93) Referring now to FIG. 24, there is shown a representation of a fourth step in a mooring method, generally denoted 430, according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The step 430 comprises retaining the first portion 400b of the connector by the second portion 400a of the connector. The first portion of the connector comprises a male connector portion. The male connector portion 401b is shown inserted vertically into the female connector portion 401a. The ROV 380 is used to mate the first and second connection portions 400a, 400b by inserting a pin 405 (shown in FIG. 41).
(94) Referring to FIG. 25, there is shown a representation of a fifth step in a mooring method, generally denoted 440, according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The step 440 comprises raising the device 425 and the mooring line 420 assembly within the body of water. The raising of the device 425 and the mooring line 420 Is achieved by relocating the vessel 370 to which the mooring line 420 is attached. However, one would appreciate that in other embodiments encompassing the inventive concept of the present invention, the raising of the device 425 may be achieved by applying a pulling force to the mooring line 420 by winching the mooring line 420 onto the vessel 370.
(95) In the embodiment shown in FIG. 24, wherein the anchor 360 is a Suction Embedded Plate Anchor (SEPLA), the step 440 of raising the device 425 and the mooring line 420 within the body of water detaches the second connector 400a from the holder 410.
(96) Referring to FIG. 26, there is shown a representation of a sixth step in a mooring method, generally denoted 440, according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The step 440 comprises attaching a second portion of the mooring line 420 to the buoyant structure 390. The mooring line 420 is attached to the buoyant structure by means of a connector apparatus 455a, 455b. A first portion 455a of the mooring line connector apparatus 455a, 455b comprises means for connecting to the mooring line 420. One would appreciate that the first portion 455a of the mooring line connector 455a, 455b may comprise a universal joint, or the like. That is, the first portion 155a of the mooring line connector 455a, 455b allows rotational movement around or about a transverse axis of the first portion 455a of the mooring line connector 455a, 455b with respect to the mooring line 420. The second portion 455b of the mooring line connector 455a, 455b comprises means for connecting to the structure 390 allowing rotational movement around or about a transverse axis of the second portion 455b of the mooring line connector 455a, 455b with respect to the structure 390.
(97) Referring to FIG. 27, there is shown a representation of an intermediate stage, generally denoted 460, in the execution of the mooring method. The mooring line 420 is connected to the anchor 365 and the structure 390.
(98) Referring to FIG. 28, there is shown a representation of an eighth step in a mooring method, generally denoted 470, according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The step 470 comprises connecting a first portion of the mooring line 420a to a third line 475. The first portion of the mooring line 420a may comprise a mounting element (not shown). The mounting element may be configured to permit connecting of the first portion of the mooring line 420a to the third line 475. One would appreciate that at least a portion of the third line 475 may be a chain, wire, rope, or the like, or may comprise at least in part a polymeric material, e.g. polyester, or the like. The ROV 380 performs the operation of connecting the first portion of the mooring line 420a to the third line 475.
(99) Referring to FIG. 29 there is shown a representation of a ninth step in a mooring method, generally denoted 480, according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The step 480 comprises applying a tension to the third line 475. As such, the step 480 applies a tension to the mooring line 420. Tension is applied to the third line 475 and the mooring line 420 by means of a winch, motor, pulley or the like located on the vessel 370. The step 480 may also comprise a step of adapting the device 425 such that a line engaging device restrict or inhibits movement of at least a portion of the mooring line 420 relative to the device 425 in a first direction, as will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 40, 41 and 42.
(100) Referring to FIG. 30 there is shown a representation, generally denoted 490 of the moored structure 390, following completion of the aforementioned steps. It will be appreciated that the method may comprise a step of removing a portion of the mooring line 420, such as the first portion 420a of the mooring line 420. The removal may be by means of cutting or the like, by means of the ROV or by use of one or more divers. One would also appreciate that in other embodiments encompassing the inventive concept of the present invention, the method may comprise a step of attaching a portion of the mooring line 420, such as the first portion of the mooring line 420a, to a floatation device (not shown), such as a buoy or the like.
(101) Referring now to FIG. 31, there is shown a representation of a first step in a mooring method, generally denoted 500, according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The step 500 comprises installing a SEPLA 360′. The step corresponds to the first step 350 of the first in the mooring method according to the first embodiment as shown in FIG. 21.
(102) Referring to FIG. 32 there is shown a representation of a second step in a mooring method, generally denoted 505, according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The step 505 comprises attaching a second portion of the mooring line 420′ to a buoyant structure 390′. The mooring line 420′ is attached to the buoyant structure by means of a connector apparatus 455a′, 455b′. A first portion 455a′ of the mooring line connector apparatus 455a′, 455b′ comprises means for connecting to the mooring line 420′. One would appreciate that the first portion 455a′ of the mooring line connector 455a′, 455b′ may comprise a universal joint, or the like. That is, the first portion 155a′ of the mooring line connector 455a′, 455b′ allows rotational movement around or about a transverse axis of the first portion 455a′ of the mooring line connector 455a′, 455b′ with respect to the mooring line 420′. The second portion 455b′ of the mooring line connector 455a′, 455b′ comprises means for connecting to the structure 390′ allowing rotational movement around or about a transverse axis of the second portion 455b′ of the mooring line connector 455a′, 455b′ with respect to the structure 390′. The step 505 shown in FIG. 32 is similar to the step 450 shown in FIG. 26, with an exception that in FIG. 32 the mooring line 420′ is connected to the vessel 370′, whereas in FIG. 26 the mooring line 420 is connected to the subsea anchor 360, as described with reference to FIGS. 21 to 25.
(103) Referring to FIG. 33 there is shown a representation of a third step in a mooring method, generally denoted 510, according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The step 510 comprises lowering a further line 515 and a device 425′ from the vessel 370′. One would appreciate that in a variant of the second embodiment that encompasses the inventive concept the present invention, the mooring line 320′ is also extended/lowered in conjunction with the lowering of further line 515, such that the device 425′ is lowered in the body of water. Alternatively, the mooring line 420 may feed through a connection, hook, loop of the like of the device 425′, such that only the further line 515 is a portion of the mooring line 420′. The device 425′ comprises a first portion 400b′ of the connector. The first portion of the connector comprises a male connector portion 401b′. The second portion 400a′ of the connector comprises a female connector portion 401a′. The first portion 400b′ of the connector is positioned at a distal end of the device 425′. Notably, the device 425′ is loaded with a portion of the mooring line 420′ before it is lowered into the body of water.
(104) Referring to FIG. 34, there is shown a representation of a fourth step in a mooring method, generally denoted 520, according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The step 520 comprises retaining the first portion 400b′ of the connector by the second portion 400a′ of the connector. The first portion of the connector comprises a male connector portion. The male connector portion 401b′ is shown inserted vertically into the female connector portion 401a′. The ROV 380′ is used to mate release the first and second connection portions 400a, 400b by inserting a pin 705 (see FIG. 41).
(105) Referring to FIG. 35, there is shown a representation of a fifth step in a mooring method, generally denoted 530, according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The step 530 comprises raising the device 425′ within the body of water. The raising of the device 425′ and/or the line 515′ is achieved by relocating the vessel 370′ to which the line 515′ is attached. However, one would appreciate that in other embodiments encompassing the inventive concept of the present invention, the raising of the device 425′ may be achieved by applying a pulling force to the mooring line 420′ by winching the mooring line 420′ onto the structure 390′.
(106) In the embodiment shown in FIG. 35, wherein the anchor 360′ is a Suction Embedded Plate Anchor (SEPLA), the step 530 of raising the device 425′ and the mooring line 420′ and the line 515 within the body of water detaches the second connector 400a′ from the holder 410′.
(107) Referring to FIG. 36, there is shown a representation of an intermediate stage, generally denoted 540, in the execution of the mooring method. The mooring line 420′ is connected to the anchor 365′ and the structure 390′. The line 515 (as shown in FIG. 35) has been removed. One would appreciate that steps to remove line 515 may have included using the ROV 380′ to detach the line 515 from the mooring line 420′ or the device 425′, and winching or pulling the line 515 onto the vessel 370′.
(108) Referring to FIG. 37, there is shown a representation of a seventh step in a mooring method, generally denoted 550, according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The step 550 comprises connecting a first portion of the mooring line 420a′ to a line 555. The first portion of the mooring line 420a′ may comprise a mounting element (not shown). The mounting element may be configured to permit connecting of the first portion of the mooring line 420a′ to the line 555. One would appreciate that at least a portion of the line 555 may be a chain, wire, rope, or the like, or may comprise at least in part a polymeric material, e.g. polyester, or the like. The ROV 380′ performs the operation of connecting the first portion of the mooring line 420a′ to the line 555.
(109) Referring to FIG. 38 there is shown a representation of an eighth step in a mooring method, generally denoted 560, according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The step 560 comprises applying a tension to the line 555. As such, the step 560 applies a tension to the mooring line 520′. Tension is applied to the line 555 and the mooring line 520′ by means of a winch, motor, pulley or the like located on the vessel 370′. The step 560 may also comprise a step of adapting the device 425′ such that a line engaging device restrict or inhibits movement of at least a portion of the mooring line 420′ relative to the device 425′ in a first direction, as will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 40, 41 and 42.
(110) Referring to FIG. 39 there is shown a representation, generally denoted 570 of the moored structure 90′, following completion of the aforementioned steps. It will be appreciated that the method may comprise a step of removing or retaining an excess portion of the mooring line 420′, as already described with reference to FIG. 30.
(111) Referring to FIG. 40, there is shown a perspective view of the retention and tensioning device, generally denoted 600, according to the first and second embodiments of the present invention. The device comprises a first portion of a connector 605. The connector comprises the first portion 605, a second portion 610 and a means for connecting the first portion 605 and the second portion 610, and a means for rotationally aligning the first portion 605 with the second portion 610, as will now be described.
(112) The first portion 605 is adapted to be connected to a respective line, such as a respective mooring line 615 (shown in FIG. 41). The second portion 610 is adapted to sit in a cradle 620.
(113) The means for rotationally aligning the first and second portions 605, 610 comprises means provided on the first and second portions 605, 610. The means for rotationally aligning comprises a first alignment member 625 at least partly spanning across an internal bore 630 of the second portion 610. The first alignment member 625 is transverse to the bore 630 with respect to a longitudinal axis of the second portion 610. The first portion 605 comprises a male part 670. The second portion 610 comprises a female part. The means for connecting comprises means for releasably connecting. The first and second means co-act, in use, when the first 605 and second 610 portions are mated.
(114) The first means comprises a first surface 640. The second means comprises a second surface (not shown). The first surface 640 and the second surface abut one another and may rotate with respect to one another around a longitudinal axis when the first 605 and second 610 portions are longitudinally brought together or mated.
(115) The first means comprises first and second prongs 650a, 650b. The first and second prongs 650a, 650b are diametrically opposite one another. A recess portion 355 is provided between the first and second prongs 650a, 650b.
(116) The male part 670 may comprise a cylindrical mid-portion 660. The female part 675 may comprise a cylindrical bore 630. The cylindrical portion 660 is received in a substantially tight or snug fit.
(117) The second means comprise the alignment member 625, which is an elongate bar. The alignment member 625 diametrically spans the bore 630. The alignment member 625 comprises an upper facing curved surface (not shown). One would appreciate that the alignment member 625 may be a bolt, or other substantially cylindrical element.
(118) In use, insertion of the male part 670 into the female part 675 may cause the first means and second means to rotationally co-act or ride over one another, thereby relatively (longitudinally) rotating the male part 670 and the female part 675 into a pre-selected or pre-determined rotational disposition.
(119) In the embodiment shown in FIG. 40, the first prong 650a and second prong 650b provide a first surface. Each prong comprises one a first chamfered and sloping surface and a second chamfered and sloping surface, disposed symmetrically with the first side surface. A flat planar surface 680 tapers outwards towards an end of the prong. A first side surface of the first prong 650a is continuous with a first side surface of the second prong 650b. A second side surface of a first prong 550a is continuous with a second side surface 650b of the second prong.
(120) The alignment member 625 provides the second surface, which comprises an outer surface thereof, e.g. said outer (upper) facing curved surface.
(121) Once in a pre-selected rotational disposition, the first and second prongs 650a, 650b are disposed on respective first and second sides of the elongate member 625. A portion of the male part 670 between the prongs 650a, 650b, e.g. base of the slot portion, is adjacent to the alignment member 625.
(122) The means for connecting the first portion 605 and the second portion 610 comprises a first aperture 690 in the male part 670, e.g. diametrically and width-wise spanning the cylindrical portion 660 of the male part 670.
(123) The means for connecting the first portion 605 and the second portion 610 comprises a pair of diametrically opposed apertures 695 in the female part 675.
(124) The means for connecting the first portion 605 and the second portion 610 comprises a pin 705, e.g. a load (bearing) pin 705, removably receivable within the first 690 and second 695 apertures, when such are aligned.
(125) The retention and tensioning device of FIG. 40 will now be described with reference to FIGS. 41 and 42. In FIG. 41, there is shown a side view of the retention and tensioning device of FIG. 40, generally denoted 700, according to the first and second embodiments of the present invention. In FIG. 41, the first connector portion 605 and the second connector portion 610 are shown mated. Further, the device 700 is loaded with a portion of a mooring line 615. In FIG. 42, there is shown a front view of the device of FIG. 40, also generally denoted 700, according to the first and second embodiments of the present invention. In FIG. 41, the first connector portion 605 and the second connector portion 610 are shown mated. For purposes of clarity, the mooring line 615 is omitted from FIG. 42.
(126) The device comprise a first portion 710, e.g. for receiving the portion of the mooring line 615 extending from a structure.
(127) The device comprises a guide portion 715 for guiding the portion of the line 615 received by the first portion 710. The guide portion 715 is rotatably connected to the first portion 710.
(128) The device 700 comprises a second portion 730 for connecting the device 700 to a further structure, as described above with reference to FIG. 40.
(129) The apparatus comprises an axis X. The first portion 710, the second portion 730 and the guide portion 715 are arranged to be rotatable around the axis X of the device 700. In other words, the first portion 710, the guide portion 715 and the second portion 730 are coaxially arranged relative to each other. The coaxial arrangement of the first portion 710, guide portion 715 and the second portion 730 permits the first portion 710, guide portion 715 and second portion 730 to be aligned relative to each other during pull-in and/or tensioning the line 615
(130) The device 700 comprises a line engaging device 750. In the embodiment shown, the line 615 is a chain. The line engaging device 750 comprises a means for engaging a chain 615. The line engaging device 750 may be configured to permit movement of the line 615, in a first direction 755 relative to the device 700, e.g. in a direction towards the guide portion 615. The line engaging device 750 may be configured to prohibit movement of the line 615. The line engaging device 750 is movably connected to the first portion 710. That is, the line engaging device 750 is connected to the first portion 710 so that the line engaging device 750 is pivotable, relative to the first portion 710. The guide portion 715 is connected or connectable to the first portion 710, such that the axis X of the device 700 extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the first portion 710.
(131) It will be appreciated that the embodiments of the present invention herebefore described are given by way of example only and are not meant to limit the scope of thereof in any way
(132) It will be appreciated that embodiments of the present invention provide benefits over the prior art.
