Abstract
An abutment for an endosseous dental implant which abutment can be inserted into a jaw bone and a dental implant including the implant abutment.
Claims
1. Abutment (40) for a dental implant, having: a substantially cylindrical abutment base (50) having a ball head receptacle (60) located at the coronal end relative to the arrangement in the jaw, and a substantially cylindrical fixing head (80) for dental prostheses, the fixing head (80) having a through-bore (84) coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the fixing head and a ball head (82) at the end facing the ball head receptacle (60), wherein the ball head (82), surrounded in the ball head receptacle (60), is configured to be clampably fixed by the ball head receptacle (60).
2. The abutment according to claim 1, wherein the ball head has at least two slots cutting through the ball head to the through-bore to form ball head segments, wherein at least one slot is arranged at an angle of 0° to 45°, to the longitudinal axis of the through-bore.
3. The abutment according to claim 2, wherein the ball head has at least three; slots cutting through the ball head to the through-bore.
4. The abutment according to claim 2, wherein the axial length of at least one of the slots cutting through the ball head to the through-bore is at least half the diameter of the ball head.
5. The abutment according to claim 2, wherein at least one slot cutting through the ball head to the through-bore is at least partially open to the apical end of the ball head.
6. The abutment according to claim 1, wherein the through-bore penetrating the ball head has a guide section and a clamping section and an internal thread arranged at the end of the clamping section facing the guide section, into which a clamping screw is screwable as a bracing means, the clamping screw being dimensioned in length and diameter such that the clamping screw, in the screwed-in position, fixes the ball head in the ball head receptacle in a braced manner by the ball head segments.
7. The abutment according to claim 6, wherein the through-bore penetrating the ball head has an inner collar in the clamping section in the region of the slots, against which the clamping screw is supported in the screw-in position and thus secures the ball head segments with the ball head receptacle in the screw-in position in a positionally secure manner.
8. The abutment according to claim 1, wherein the abutment base has a thread, at the swivel opening facing the fixing head, which is engageable with a corresponding thread, on the ball head of the fixing head, when the fixing head is inserted into the ball head receptacle.
9. The an abutment according to claim 1, wherein the abutment base has at least one groove or projection on the swivel opening facing the fixing head, which is engageable as a tongue-groove connection with a corresponding projection or groove on the ball head of the fixing head, when the fixing head is inserted in the ball head receptacle.
10. Dental implant with a base body and with an abutment according to claim 1.
11. Dental implant with a base body and with an abutment according to claim 1, wherein the base body and the abutment base are formed in one piece.
12. Dental implant according to claim 10, with a substantially cylindrical base body (10) insertable into a bore provided in a jawbone, with an annular recess (16) and with a bore (12) arranged coaxially to the annular recess (16) and having a thread (14) apically for fixing a retaining screw (120); an abutment (40) insertable into the annular recess (16) of the base body (10), the abutment (40) having a bore (52) penetrating the abutment base (50) coaxially to the annular recess (16) for receiving a retaining screw (120); and a retaining screw (120) with an apical external thread (122) and a coronal screw head (126), wherein the retaining screw (120) is insertable into the bore (52) of the abutment base (50) and screwed into the thread (14) of the base body (10).
13. The dental implant according to claim 12, wherein the base body and the abutment base have complementary form-fitting sections, wherein the form-fitting section of the base body and the form-fitting section of the abutment base have two to six pairs of form-fittings elements which are complementary to one another in shape and which are in the form of radially inwardly directed tongues on the base body, which are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the base body, and corresponding grooves on the abutment base in the manner of a tongue-groove connection.
14. The dental implant according to claim 12, wherein screw-in elements are arranged in the annular recess of the base body, which are designed for the engagement of a form-complementary screw-in tool for screwing the base body into the jaw.
15. The dental implant according to claim 10, wherein the annular recess of the base body comprises an apical guide section, a form-fitting section arranged coronally to the apical guide section and a coronal end portion arranged coronally to the form-fitting section and wherein the abutment base comprises an apical guide section (66), comprises a form-fitting section and a coronal end section corresponding to the corresponding sections of the main body.
16. The dental implant according to claim 12, wherein the abutment base is rotatably mounted in the annular recess of the base body as a tube-in-tube bearing, optionally with at least two sections almost equiradially corresponding to sections of the base body.
17. An abutment according to claim 1, wherein the ball head is configured to be clampably fixed by the ball head receptacle by a clamping means.
Description
[0067] Below are examples of the design of the abutment and its components as well as the single tooth implant according to the invention, explained in detail using the schematic drawings. Thereby, it is shown in:
[0068] FIG. 1 an example of a single tooth implant with an abutment according to the invention in an axial longitudinal section, as well as in a perspective top view of the single tooth implant from above.
[0069] FIG. 2 an example of the design of an implant base body used in the dental implant according to the invention as shown in FIG. 1 in an axial longitudinal section A-A along the plane shown on the right in the plan view, as well as a plan view of the base body from below (below) and from above (above);
[0070] FIG. 3 an example of the design of an abutment base used in the dental implant according to the invention as shown in FIG. 1 in an axial longitudinal section A-A along the plane shown on the left in the plan view on the right, as well as a plan view of the abutment base from above (above) and a plan view of the abutment base from below (below);
[0071] FIG. 4 an example of the design of a fixing head used in the dental implant of the invention as shown in FIG. 1 in an axial longitudinal section A-A along the plane shown on the left in the plan view, and a plan view of the fixing head from below (above);
[0072] FIG. 5 an example of the design of a tensioning screw used in the dental implant as shown in FIG. 1 in an axial longitudinal section A-A along the plane shown on the left in the plan view, and a plan view of the tensioning screw from above (below);
[0073] FIG. 6 an example of the design of a retaining screw used in the dental implant of the invention as shown in FIG. 1 in an axial longitudinal section A-A along the plane shown in the plan view on the right, as well as a plan view of the retaining screw from above (below).
[0074] FIG. 7 a further example of an abutment base used in the dental implant of the invention as shown in FIG. 1 in an axial longitudinal section A-A along the plane shown on the left in the plan view, as well as a plan view of the abutment base from above;
[0075] FIG. 8 a further example of an abutment base used in the dental implant as shown in FIG. 1 in an axial longitudinal section A-A along the plane shown on the left in the plan view, as well as a plan view of the abutment base from above;
[0076] FIG. 9 a further example of an abutment base used in the dental implant as shown in FIG. 1 in an axial longitudinal section A-A along the plane shown on the left in the plan view, as well as a plan view of the abutment base from above;
[0077] FIG. 10 an example of a one-piece design of an implant base body and an abutment base in axial longitudinal section A-A along the plane shown on the left in the plan view on the right, as well as a plan view from above and a plan view from below of the base body.
[0078] FIG. 1 shows the implant base body 10, as well as an abutment 40 inserted into the annular recess of the base body 10 and fixed in position by the retaining screw 120, with the abutment base 50 and the fixing head 80, which are fixed in position against each other by the clamping screw 100.
[0079] As shown in FIG. 2, the base body 10 is closed at its apical end shown in FIG. 1 below and has a blind bore 12 open towards its coronal end at the top in FIG. 1 with an internal thread 14 at the apical end of the blind bore 12. A retaining screw 120 for the abutment base 50, not shown in the drawing in FIG. 2, can be screwed into the internal thread. A hollow cylindrical annular recess 16 with a larger internal diameter than the bore 12 is connected to the internal thread 14 of the base body 10 in the coronal direction. The annular recess 16 has three areas 18; 20; 22 in the form shown. According to FIG. 2, the annular recess 16 has a guide section 18 coronally connected to the internal thread 14. The guide section 18 of the annular recess 16 is adjoined in the coronal direction by a form-fitting section 20, which has an increased internal diameter compared to the guide section 18 and can have an at least partially conical inner wall 32 with—in the design as shown in FIG. 2—three radially inwardly directed tongues 26. The tongues 26 are designed to correspond to the grooves 74 on the abutment base 50 shown in FIG. 3 in the manner of a tongue-groove connection and can preferably be dimensioned in such a way that they extend over the entire axial length of the form-fitting section 20. The tongues 26 can be formed from the base body by mechanical or electrochemical machining.
[0080] According to FIG. 2, an inner edge surface 30 can be provided as a screw-in element in the form-fitting section 20 between each two tongues 26, against which a corresponding outer edge surface of a screw-in tool not shown or, if so designed, a corresponding outer edge surface of an abutment 40 as shown in FIG. 3 can lie as a screw-in element during the process of screwing the base body 10 into the jaw. Thus, one or more screw-in elements designed as outer edge surface 72 can be designed on the abutment base in such a way that the flat surface of the outer edge surface, which can also be designed to project radially, can come into contact with one side surface of the tongue, but not with the tip of the tongue, at least in the screw-in direction, and can thus support the transmission of the torque to the base body without the tip of the bar being damaged during screw-in. Such an interaction/support or stop between the root of the tongue and the edge of the groove can be present in each pair of screw-in elements used in the dental implant of the invention in order to support the transmission of the torque in the direction of rotation, if radial tongues/grooves are arranged between two pairs of screw-in elements.
[0081] For mechanical and geometrical reasons, the use of three screw-in elements such as inner edge surfaces on the base body 10 is advantageous, but two to six screw-in elements such as inner edge surfaces can also be provided. On the inner edge surfaces, corresponding outer edge surfaces of a screw-in tool not shown or outer edge surfaces 72 of the abutment base 50 can engage as screw-in elements, as long as the form-fitting elements on base body 10 and abutment base 50 can be reliably engaged when inserting the abutment base 50. Between the inner edge surfaces, projections such as tongues 26 can be provided in an appropriate number in the design forms according to the invention, whereby the tongues and the inner edge surfaces can extend axially over the entire axial length of the form-fitting section for reasons of improved power transmission or indexing and enable torque transmission via the outer edge surfaces of the screw-in tool or also of the abutment base which are complementary in shape.
[0082] FIG. 3 shows the essentially cylindrical abutment base 50 with a through-bore 52 with the guide section 54 and the receiving section 56 for the clamping screw 100, which comes into contact with the cone collar 58 when screwed in. In the upper area, facing the coronal end, the ball head receptacle 60 is located with the diameter of the swivel opening 62, which is reduced in comparison to the maximum diameter of the ball head receptacle. On the coronal end face, a circumferential abutting surface 64 is provided, which has a circumferential chamfer 63 for the ball head receptacle 60 and swivel opening 62, which facilitates swivelling of the fixing head 80 in the ball head receptacle 60.
[0083] When the retaining screw 120 is screwed into the thread 14 provided at the apical end of the base body, the screw head 126 comes into contact with the cone collar 58. The screw head is dimensioned in such a way that it allows free swivelling of the ball head 82 located in the ball head receptacle 60.
[0084] The dental component not shown can be placed on the front face 64 in the form of a crown or a holder for a prosthesis. In order to ensure that the abutment base 50 fits securely in the base body 10, a guide section 66, a form-fitting section 68 and an end section 70 are provided on the outside of the abutment base 50 as shown in FIG. 3. The guide section is used for guiding when inserting the abutment base 50 into the base body 10. In the form-fitting section, form-fitting elements such as grooves are arranged, which serve to engage corresponding tongues on the base body and for indexing, and, if desired, screw-in elements are also provided, preferably in the form of external polygonal surfaces, which can be arranged preferably alternately between the form-fitting elements. In addition, indexing elements can be provided on the outside of the ball head receptacle, for example, to indicate the position of the groove or tongue in the apical end of the abutment base.
[0085] The abutment base 50 can be inserted into the base body after the base body has been screwed into the jaw and is secured against rotation by the form-fitting grooves and, if present, by the polygonal surface pairs in the base body and abutment.
[0086] The fixing head 80 shown in FIG. 4 has a through-bore 84, a fixing section 98 for the dental prosthesis and a ball head 82 arranged apically from the fixing section 98, which is intended for insertion in the ball head receptacle 60 of the abutment base 50. The through-bore has a guide section 94 at the coronal side and a clamping section 86 at the apical side, whereby the clamping screw 100 shown in FIG. 5 is inserted into the guide section after the fixing head 80 has been inserted into the ball head receptacle 60 in the abutment base 50 and is screwed into the thread 90 of the clamping section. When the screw tip 106 is in contact with the inner collar 88, which can also be designed as a hollow ball section in the ball head 82, the four ball head segments 96 shown in FIG. 4 in the top left-hand drawing in plan view from below are pushed apart when the tensioning screw 100 is screwed in further and clamp the ball head 82 in the desired position in the ball head receptacle 60 of the abutment base 50. According to the invention, more or less ball head segments 96 are also possible, although for manufacturing reasons, a multiple of two such as two, four, six or eight ball head segments 96 is advantageous.
[0087] As shown in FIG. 5, the length and diameter of the tensioning screw 100 must be dimensioned so that the tensioning screw 100 is in the screwed-in position in the fixing head 80 according to FIG. 4 rests with its screw tip 106 against an inner collar 88 which can be arranged circumferentially in the through-bore 84 preferably from the axial centre of the ball head 82 to the apical end of the ball head 82, and presses the ball head segments 96 formed by the slots 92 apart and presses them against the walls of the ball head receptacle 60 and thus jams them.
[0088] Although it is possible that the slots 92, which are arranged axially to the longitudinal axis of the through-bore 84, are not slotted as far as the apical end of the ball head or the fixing head and apically connecting bars are present between the segments 96, it is preferred that the slots extend as far as the apical end of the clamping section 86 and allow resilient radial movement of the ball head segments 96. This also facilitates removal of the fixing head after unscrewing the clamping screw 100. The ball head 82 can preferably have a reduced wall thickness around the axial through-bore 84 above the inner collar 88 and, if necessary, also below the inner collar 88—in the manner of a “hollow”—which allows the ball head segments 96 to expand when the screw tip 106 is in contact with the inner collar 88 when screwed in and allows the ball head segments 96 to spring back when the tensioning screw 100 is removed.
[0089] Although in the simplest embodiment, even one diametral slot, i.e. two slots (partial slots) extending to the axial longitudinal axis of the through-bore are sufficient for clamping, it is preferable to have at least three, preferably four or more slots, especially a multiple of two slots, which can preferably each be continuously aligned up to the longitudinal axis of the fixing head. Thus, in a plan view from the apical end towards the ball head, the wedge-shaped ball head segments 96, separated from each other by the slots, are formed, which are connected at their coronal end by a ball head base, which connects the individual approximately wedge-shaped ball head segments 96. In the area of the ball head segments, for example, a circumferential inner collar can also be provided in the area of the largest possible diameter of the ball head in the through-bore, against which the screw tip 106 of the tensioning screw 100 rests under contact pressure when the screw is screwed into the internal thread 90 of the fixing head and presses the ball head segments apart in the screw-in position.
[0090] FIG. 5 shows the tensioning screw 100 with the screw head 102 adjacent external thread 104 and the screw tip 106 for contact with the inner collar 88 of the fixing head 80. A hexagon socket or hexalobular socket 108 can be used to screw in the tensioning screw.
[0091] The retaining screw shown in FIG. 6 for fixing the abutment base in the base body 10 has a screw head 126 and a conical collar 124, with the external thread 122 located at the apical end of the retaining screw 120. As with the clamping screw shown in FIG. 5, the retaining screw can be screwed in via a hexagon socket (128) or hexalobular socket arranged in the screw head.
[0092] The embodiments of abutment base 50 shown in FIGS. 7 to 9 represent variants of the design of abutment base 50 shown in FIG. 3 without the abutment base 50 shown in FIG. 3 form-fitting elements 72 arranged in the form-fitting section 68. Accordingly, the sections of the annular recess 16 of the base body 10 that are complementary to the sections of the abutment base, which correspond to the abutment base 50 designs shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, also do not have any form-fitting elements 26 and no screw-in elements 30, but instead of the screw-in elements 30 on the outside of the end section 22 spanner flats similar to the spanner flats 132 on the abutment base 50 shown in FIG. 7.
[0093] Thus, FIG. 7 shows an abutment base 50 with a threaded section arranged apical to the base body 10, which can be screwed into the corresponding threaded section 14 in the base body 10. As shown above, the base bodies 10, which can be used for the embodiments shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, are not shown in the drawing, and the sections of abutment base 50 shown in FIGS. 7 to 9 have corresponding sections in the base bodies 10, but each without the corresponding form-fitting section 68. The abutment base 50 shown in FIG. 7 has a threaded section 130, and a guide section 66 and end section 70, with corresponding sections on the base body 10. Sections 66 and 70 are cylindrical sections and the abutment base 50 is screwed into the body 10 using a tool that engages the spanner flats 132, so that the ring collar 76 comes into contact with the front edge 28 of the body 10. The axial lengths of the sections 70, 66 and 130 are dimensioned so that when the abutment base 50 is screwed into the base body 10, the end face 28 and the ring collar 76 come into sealing contact via the spanner flats 132 or via an Allen key below the ball head receptacle 60 on the inside, not shown in the drawing. The advantage of screwing in the abutment base 50 via an Allen key located underneath the ball head receptacle 60, which is not shown in the drawing, is that the abutment base 50 and fixing head 80 can be assembled before screwing in and then the abutment base 50 can be screwed into the base body 10 via an Allen key inserted through the fixing head. This specification corresponds to the specification of the abutment base 50 by means of the fixing screw 120 in the version shown in FIG. 3. If the abutment base 50 shown in FIG. 7 is screwed into the base body 10 using the spanner flats and the fixing head 80 is inserted into the base body 10 after the abutment base 50 has been screwed into the base body 10, the fixing head is dimensioned and/or made of a material that allows the fixing head 80 to be inserted into the ball head receptacle 60 without heat treatment such as lime shrinkage.
[0094] FIG. 8 shows a further version of the abutment base 50 according to the invention, which instead of the abutment base 50 shown in FIG. 3 with guide section 18, form-fitting section 20 and end section 22, only has a hollow cylindrical tube section 140, which is inserted in a corresponding pipe section of a base body 10 not shown in the drawing and is held in position by a retaining screw 120, which is screwed into the apically arranged thread in the base body 10 and, guided by the hollow cylindrical guide section 140, comes to rest with the screw head in the receiving section 142.
[0095] The embodiment of the inventive abutment base 50 shown in FIG. 9 corresponds to the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 with a cylindrical section 152—as designated 140 in FIG. 8—arranged coronally to the threaded section 150. Like the design shown in FIG. 7, the design of FIG. 9 is screwed into the base body 10 using a tool acting on the spanner flats 132 or an Allen key apical to the ball head socket 60, which is not shown in the drawing. As with the designs shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the Fixing Head 80 can be inserted into the abutment base 50 shown in FIG. 9 as described for FIGS. 7 and 8.
[0096] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the abutment base 50 is formed in one piece with the base body 10, so that the base body 10 can be screwed into the jaw using the spanner flats 132 located on the outside of the ball head receptacle 60 of the abutment base. After screwing the implant with ball head receptacle 60 into the jaw, the fixing head 80 can be inserted into the ball head receptacle 60, aligned and fixed by means of the clamping screw 100. This design makes it possible in a very simple way to insert, align and fix the fixing head 80 for holding a dental component without the use of indexing elements. The preferred design of the fixing head 80 is such that it can be inserted into the ball head receptacle 60 without the use of a thermal treatment such as cold shrinking. Therefore, a preferably flexible material, for example a polymer material such as PEEK, is preferably used, which allows easy insertion of the ball head 82 made of Peek into the ball head receptacle 60. After aligning the fixing head in the ball head receptacle 60 with the desired position of the dental component to be attached to the fixing head, the ball head 82 can be fixed in position by tightening the clamping screw 100. In the next step, the dental component is placed on the fixing head 80 and bonded to the abutment base 50 at the front edge 64 and conical ring 65, for example with dental cement. This arrangement of the dental component can be used for all inventive embodiments of abutment 40 with abutment base 50 and fixing head 80.
LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS
[0097] 10 Base body [0098] 12 Bore [0099] 14 Internal thread [0100] 16 Annular recess [0101] 18 Guide section [0102] 20 Form-fitting section [0103] 22 End section [0104] 26 Tongue [0105] 28 Front edge [0106] 30 Single screw-in element/internal polygonal surface [0107] 32 Internal wall [0108] 34 Clamping groove [0109] 36 Tongue root [0110] 38 Tongue side surface [0111] 40 Abutment [0112] 50 Abutment base [0113] 52 Through-bore [0114] 54 Guide section [0115] 56 Receiving section [0116] 58 Cone collar [0117] 60 Ball head receptacle [0118] 62 Swivel opening [0119] 63 Chamfer [0120] 64 Front face [0121] 65 Cone ring [0122] 66 Guide section [0123] 68 Form-fitting section [0124] 70 End section [0125] 72 External polygonal surface [0126] 74 Groove [0127] 76 Ring collar [0128] 80 Fixing head [0129] 82 Ball head [0130] 84 Through-bore [0131] 86 Clamping section [0132] 88 Inside collar [0133] 90 Internal thread [0134] 92 Slot [0135] 94 Guide section for clamping screw [0136] 96 Ball head segment [0137] 98 Fixing section [0138] 100 Clamping screw [0139] 102 Screw head [0140] 104 external thread [0141] 106 Screw tip [0142] 108 Hexalobular socket [0143] 120 Retaining screw [0144] 122 External thread [0145] 124 Cone collar [0146] 126 Screw head [0147] 128 Hexalobular socket [0148] 130 Thread section [0149] 132 Spanner flat [0150] 140 Tube section [0151] 142 Receiving section [0152] 144 Guide section [0153] 150 Thread section [0154] 152 Cylinder section [0155] 160 Implant with ball head receptacle
