Moveable stair systems and methods

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to stair systems and methods for allowing stair movement between building levels while maintaining the structural integrity of the stair system for safe egress passage. The systems and methods of the present disclosure allow for independent movement of the surrounding building walls, landings, floor slabs, and/or any other portion of the surrounding building structure or stair system. The embodiments of the present disclosure are suitable for use in both new constructions as well as in existing constructions for retrofit applications to allow for movement between levels, landings, or within stairwell structures. The present disclosure reduces stair damage during building movement whether it is from wind, thermal, or seismic activity, and/or any other type of suitable force or experience, as the present disclosure allows for directional movement, or a combination thereof, including tension and compression, lateral, or vertical movement.

Claims

1. A stair system, comprising: a first connector configured to be connected with at least one of a first stair, a first landing or a first ground location; a sliding body operatively connected with the first connector, wherein the sliding body comprises a first end and a second end, wherein the second end is opposite the first end; an upper connector operatively connected with the sliding body; a lower connector, wherein the upper connector is operatively connected and telescopically disposed within the lower connector; and a second connector operatively connected with the lower connector at a first connection point, wherein the second connector is configured to be connected with at least one of a second stair, a second landing or a second ground location.

2. The stair system of claim 1, wherein the second connector comprises a shoe and a mounting portion connected with the shoe.

3. The stair system of claim 1, wherein the first connector is a landing connector and the second connector is a stair connector.

4. The stair system of claim 1, wherein the sliding body is cylindrical.

5. The stair system of claim 1, further comprising a pad coupled with the second connector, wherein the pad comprises a low friction material, and wherein the pad is configured to be disposed between the second connector and a stair support.

6. The stair system of claim 1, further comprising a pad disposed between the upper connector and the lower connector, wherein the pad comprises a low friction material.

7. The stair system of claim 1, wherein the sliding body is configured for movement in a first lateral direction along a longitudinal axis of the sliding body and rolling movement about the longitudinal axis of the sliding body, wherein the lower connector is configured for rotational movement about the first connection point, and wherein the lower connector and the second connector are configured for movement relative to the upper connector in a second lateral direction perpendicular to the first lateral direction.

8. The stair system of claim 1, further comprising a first restriction body operatively disposed through each of the upper connector and the lower connector.

9. The stair system of claim 8, wherein the first restriction body comprises a pin.

10. The stair system of claim 9, wherein the upper connector comprises a first slot therethrough and the lower connector comprises a second slot therethrough, wherein the pin is disposed through each of the first slot and the second slot to allow for telescopic movement of the upper connector with respect to the lower connector.

11. The stair system of claim 1, wherein the first connector comprises a first body having a base for connection with the first stair, the first landing or the first ground location, a first arm, and a second arm, wherein each of the first arm and the second arm extend outward from the base.

12. The stair system of claim 11, wherein a first length between the first end of the sliding body and the second end of the sliding body is greater than a second length between the first arm of the first body and the second arm of the first body.

13. The stair system of claim 12, wherein the upper connector is operatively connected with the sliding body at an approximate midpoint of the sliding body.

14. The stair system of claim 11, wherein the sliding body extends through each of the first arm and the second arm such that the first arm and the second arm support the sliding body.

15. The stair system of claim 14, wherein the upper connector is operatively coupled with the sliding body between the first arm and the second arm.

16. The stair system of claim 14, wherein each of the first arm and the second arm comprise a circular cut-out therethrough allowing sliding movement and rotational movement of the sliding body therein.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present disclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the disclosure, briefly summarized above, can be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only exemplary embodiments and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, and can admit to other equally effective embodiments.

(2) FIG. 1A schematically illustrates a side view of a stair system for allowing movement of stairs between building levels, according to an example embodiment.

(3) FIG. 1B schematically illustrates a front view of the stair system of FIG. 1A for allowing movement of stairs between building levels.

(4) FIG. 1C schematically illustrates a side view of a multilevel stair set with a plurality of stair systems, according to an example embodiment.

(5) FIG. 2A schematically illustrates a side view of a stair system in a nominal, resting position, according to an example embodiment.

(6) FIG. 2B schematically illustrates a side view of the stair system of FIG. 2A in a tension position.

(7) FIG. 2C schematically illustrates a side view of the stair system of FIG. 2A in a compression position.

(8) FIG. 2D schematically illustrates a side view of a stair system in a nominal, resting position, according to an example embodiment.

(9) FIG. 2E schematically illustrates a side view of the stair system of FIG. 2D in a tension position.

(10) FIG. 2F schematically illustrates a side view of the stair system of FIG. 2D in a compression position.

(11) FIG. 2G schematically illustrates movement of the sliding body of a stair system in a first lateral direction, according to an example embodiment.

(12) FIG. 2H schematically illustrates movement of the sliding body of the stair system of FIG. 2G in a second lateral direction.

(13) FIG. 3A schematically illustrates a side view of an alternative stair system for allowing movement of stairs between building levels, according to an example embodiment.

(14) FIG. 3B schematically illustrates a front view of the stair system of FIG. 3A for allowing movement of stairs between building levels, according to an example embodiment.

(15) FIG. 3C schematically illustrates a side view of a stair system in a nominal, resting position, according to an example embodiment.

(16) FIG. 3D schematically illustrates a side view of the stair system of FIG. 3A in a compression position.

(17) FIG. 3E schematically illustrates a side view of the stair system of FIG. 3A in a tension position.

(18) FIG. 3F schematically illustrates a front view of the stair system of FIG. 3A in a neutral position.

(19) FIG. 3G schematically illustrates a front view of the stair system of FIG. 3A in a positive position.

(20) FIG. 3H schematically illustrates a front view of the stair system of FIG. 3A in a negative position.

(21) FIG. 4A schematically illustrates a side view of another stair system for allowing movement of stairs between building levels, according to an example embodiment.

(22) FIG. 4B schematically illustrates a perspective view of the stair system of FIG. 4A with an alternate attachment bracket, according to an example embodiment.

(23) FIG. 4C schematically illustrates a side view of the stair system of FIG. 4A with a pin connection system, according to an example embodiment.

(24) FIG. 5A schematically illustrates a side view of an alternative embodiment of the stair system of FIG. 4A, according to an example embodiment.

(25) FIG. 5B schematically illustrates a side view of the stair system of FIG. 5A in combination with the pin connection system of FIG. 4C, according to an example embodiment.

(26) FIG. 6A schematically illustrates a side view of a retrofit system for allowing movement of pre-existing stairs between building levels, according to an example embodiment.

(27) FIG. 6B schematically illustrates a side view of an alternative retrofit system for allowing movement of pre-existing stairs between building levels, according to an example embodiment.

(28) FIGS. 7A and 7B schematically illustrate perspective views of a movement system of a stair system for allowing for movement of stairs between building levels, according to an example embodiment.

(29) FIGS. 7C and 7D schematically illustrate perspective views of an alternative movement system of a stair system for allowing movement of stair between building levels, according to an example embodiment.

(30) FIGS. 7E and 7F schematically illustrate perspective views of another movement system of a stair system for allowing for movement of stairs between building levels, according to an example embodiment.

(31) FIGS. 7G and 7H schematically illustrate perspective views of another movement system of a stair system for allowing movement of stair between building levels, according to an example embodiment.

(32) FIG. 7I schematically illustrates an exemplary installation of multiple stair systems of any one of FIGS. 7A-7H, according to an example embodiment.

(33) FIG. 7J schematically illustrates an exemplary installation of multiple stair systems of any one of FIGS. 7A-7H, according to an example embodiment.

(34) FIG. 7K schematically illustrates operations of a method for installing a stair system, according to an example embodiment.

(35) To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used to designate identical elements that are common to the figures. It is contemplated that elements and features of one embodiment can be beneficially incorporated in other embodiments without further recitation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(36) The present disclosure relates to stair systems and methods for allowing stair movement between building levels while maintaining the structural integrity of the stair system for safe egress passage. The systems and methods of the present disclosure allow for independent movement of the surrounding building walls, landings, floor slabs, and/or any other portion of the surrounding building structure or stair system. The embodiments of the present disclosure are suitable for use in both new constructions as well as in existing constructions for retrofit applications to allow for movement between levels, landings, or within stairwell structures. The present disclosure can reduce stair damage during building movement whether it is from wind, thermal, or seismic activity, and/or any other type of suitable force or experience, as the present disclosure allows for directional movement, or a combination thereof, including tension and compression, lateral, or vertical movement.

(37) Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the disclosed subject matter, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The examples are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosed subject matter in any manner. The disclosed subject matter will be described in conjunction with the detailed description of the system. For purpose of illustration, and not limitation, FIGS. 1A and 1B schematically illustrate a stair system 100 for allowing for movement of stairs 102 between building levels in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. As shown, the stair system 100 includes a first connector 106. The first connector 106 is configured for coupling with a stair landing 104; however, in some embodiments, the first connector 106 can connect to or couple with an individual stair of stairs 102, the ground, and/or any other suitable connection structure. The first connector 106 includes a first body 108. The first body 108 includes a base 110, a first arm 112, and a second arm 114, as shown in FIG. 1B. Each of the first arm 112 and the second arm 114 extend outward from the base 110, in relatively the same direction. The first connector 106 can be coupled with, via the base 110, any of the structures described above via, for example, a nut and bolt connection, a welded connection, and/or any other suitable connection means. In some embodiments, other suitable connection means can include, but are not limited to, cast-in connections, embed connections, slotted nut and bolt connections, among others. In some embodiments, the base 110 and each of the first arm 112 and the second arm 114 can have a square or rectangular shape. Each of the first arm 112 and the second arm 114 have a cutout 116 to allow for the insertion of a body therein or therethrough. In some embodiments, the cutout 116 may be circular in shape, while in other embodiments, the cutout 116 may have any suitable shape.

(38) The stair system 100 can also include a sliding body 118. The sliding body 118 has a first end 120 and a second end 122, wherein the second end 122 is opposite the first end 120. In some embodiments, the sliding body 118 is cylindrical, although other suitable shapes are contemplated. As described above, the shape of each cutout 116 can match the shape of the sliding body 118, such that the sliding body 118 can be inserted into and/or through each cutout 116. In some embodiments, the sliding body 118 is operatively connected with the first connector 106. As shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, the sliding body 118 extends through each cutout 116 of the first arm 112 and the second arm 114, such that the first arm 112 and the second arm 114 support the sliding body 118, thus allowing for sliding movement and rotational movement of the sliding body 118 therein. As such, the sliding body 118 can move freely within the first connector 106. In some embodiments, the sliding body 118 can be modified in order to increase friction for more control via, by way of example only, roughened finishes, ridges, grooves, abrasive materials, fuse-links, springs, changes in geometry, among other suitable modifications and/or techniques. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1B, a first length 124 between the first end 120 of the sliding body 118 and the second end 122 of the sliding body 118 is greater than a second length 124 between the first arm 112 of the first body 108 and the second arm 114 of the first body 108. The sliding body 118 is therefore configured for movement in first and second lateral directions L along a longitudinal axis of the sliding body 118 and for rotational movement R about the longitudinal axis of the sliding body 118. Furthermore, the first connector 106 is operatively connected to the sliding body 118 which allows the sliding body 118 to rotate and maintain orientation within the first connector 106 as the stairs 102 move in tension and/or compression, and/or toward and away from the stair landing 104, as described in more detail below.

(39) In some embodiments, the stair system 100 also includes an upper connector 126. The upper connector 126 is operatively connected with the sliding body 118, such that the upper connector 126 and the sliding body 118 move in unison. In some embodiments, the upper connector 126 can be operatively connected with the sliding body 118 via, for example, a welded connection, a pinned connection, a threaded connection, a bolted connection, or any other suitable connection means. In some embodiments, the upper connector 126 is operatively connected with the sliding body 118 at an approximate midpoint M of the sliding body 118. In some embodiments, the upper connector 126 is operatively connected with the sliding body 118 between the first arm 112 of the first body 108 and the second arm 114 of the first body 108. The movement of the sliding body 118 in the first and second lateral directions L is limited by the distance from the upper connector 126 to either the first arm 112 or the second arm 114.

(40) The stair system 100 can further include a lower connector 128. For example, the upper connector 126 is operatively connected and telescopically disposed within the lower connector 128. As such, the upper connector 126 slides within the lower connector 128. In some embodiments, the upper connector 126 can fit within the lower connector 128, such the upper connector 126 can be extended into and out of lower connector 128. It is contemplated, however, that in some embodiments, the lower connector 128 can be operatively connected and telescopically disposed within the upper connector 126. Other telescoping connections between the upper connector 126 and the lower connector 128 are also contemplated.

(41) In some embodiments, each of the upper connector 126 and the lower connector 128 have one or more slots 130 formed at least partially through like sides of the upper connector 126 and the lower connector 128, such that the slots 130 of each of the upper connector 126 and the lower connector 128 at least partially overlap. For example, the slots 130 can extend the along a longitudinal axis of the upper connector 126 and the lower connector 128, such as, in the direction of the telescoping movement of the upper connector 126. The slots 130 can be sized to allow for the operative disposal of a first restriction body 132 therethrough. In some embodiments, the first restriction body 132 is operatively disposed through each of the upper connector 126 and the lower connector 128, to prohibit the upper connector 126 from disconnecting with the lower connector 128 during the telescoping movement. The first restriction body 132 is disposed through each slot 130 to allow for telescopic movement of the upper connector with respect to the lower connector 128. As such, the first restriction body 132 controls the upper connector 126 as the outer surface 134 of the upper connector 126 moves along the inner surface 136 of the lower connector 128. The first restriction body 132 is restrained by the slots 130 in the lower connector 128. In some embodiments, the first restriction body 132 is configured to provide between about 1 inch and about 10 inches of movement, for example, between about 1 inch and about 5 inches of movement. In some embodiments, the first restriction body 132 is a pin. In other embodiments, the first restriction body 132 can include a bolt and nut, a rod, a welded pin, a cotter pin, an extruded component, or any other suitable restrictor or component.

(42) In some embodiments, a pad 138 is disposed between the upper connector 126 and the lower connector 128. In some embodiments, the pad 138 is coupled to the outer surface 134 of the upper connector 126, while in other embodiments, the pad 138 is coupled to the inner surface 136 of the lower connector 128. The pad 138 can include a low friction material, such as, by way of example only, PTFE, HDPE, polished stainless steel, or other suitable materials. The low friction material encourages free movement and/or reduces the friction between the upper connector 126 and the lower connector 128, thus allowing for smoother telescoping motion of the upper connector 126 within the lower connector 128, or vice versa.

(43) The stair system 100 can further include a second connector 140. The second connector 140 is operatively connected with the lower connector 128 at a first connection point 142. In some embodiments, the second connector 140 includes a shoe 144 and a mounting portion 146. In some embodiments, the lower connector 128 includes at least one hole disposed therethrough for connecting with the second connector 140. Likewise, in some embodiments, the second connector 140 or the shoe 144 includes at least one hole disposed therethrough for connecting with the lower connector 128. The second connector 140 or the shoe 144 of the second connector 140 can operatively connect with the lower connector 128 at the first connection point 142 via a second restriction body 148. In some embodiments, the second restriction body 148 can be a pin, a bolt, a rod, or any other suitable connection body. The second restriction body 148 allows the lower connector 128 to rotate or move relative to the second connector 140 about the first connection point 142. As such, the lower connector 128 is configured for rotational movement W about the first connection point 142. Furthermore, the lower connector 128 and the second connector 140 are configured for movement relative to the upper connector 126 in third and fourth lateral directions Q, perpendicular to the first and second lateral directions L. Therefore, the lower connector 128 rotates on the second restriction body 148 while maintaining the vertical orientation of the second connector 140 and the stairs 102 during movement.

(44) In some embodiments, the second connector 140 is configured for coupling with stair landing 104, an individual stair of stairs 102, the ground, and/or any other suitable connection structure. To facilitate and/or encourage free movement of the second connector 140, a pad 150, similar to pad 138, can be coupled with the second connector 140. The pad 150 can include a low friction material, such as, by way of example only, PTFE, HDPE, polished stainless steel, or other suitable material. The pad 150 is configured to be disposed between the second connector 140 and a stair support 152. In some embodiments, the second connector 140 and/or the stairs 102 can rest on the stair support 152. The stair support provides stability for stairs 102 to function during all movements and normal (static) operation.

(45) In some embodiments, the stair system 100 further includes a cover plate 154. In some embodiments, the cover plate 154 is operatively connected with the stair system 100 or portion thereof, while in other embodiments the cover plate 154 is operatively connected with the stairs 102, and in other embodiments the cover plate 154 is a separate system. The cover plate 154 is configured to cover a gap and/or the stair system 100 between the stairs 102 and any of a landing, ground, or other system. The cover plate 154 is therefore configured to slide in any lateral direction (e.g., forward/backward and/or side-to-side), raise, and/or lower as the stairs 102 move in order to provide a continuous, gap-less, path. The cover plate 154 can be, for example, a metal sheet or plate, an extruded plate, an expansion joint cover system, or any other suitable covering.

(46) As shown in FIG. 1A for illustration and not limitation, the first connector 106 is a landing connector and the second connector 140 is a stair connector. It is contemplated, however, that, although the first connector 106 as shown in FIG. 1A is operatively connected with the stair landing 104 (i.e., a landing connector), the first connector 106, in some embodiments, can be operatively connected with the stairs 102 (i.e., a stair connector) or the stair support 152. Similarly, it is contemplated that, although the second connector 140 as shown in FIG. 1A is operatively connected with stair support 152, the second connector 140, in some embodiments, can be operatively connected with the stair landing 104 (i.e., a landing connector) or the stairs 102. As such, the stair system 100 can be utilized in conjunction with a fixed or alternative connection at either a top end or a bottom end of a stair.

(47) For propose of illustration and not limitation, FIG. 1C schematically illustrates an example multilevel stair set on which a plurality of stair systems 100 have been installed. As shown, each set of stairs 102 is operatively connected with a stair landing 104 at both a top end A of each set of stairs 102 and a bottom end B of each set of stairs 102. However, as discussed above, each set of stairs 102, in some embodiments, can be operatively connected with its respective landing at either the top end A or the bottom B of each set of stairs 102. The opposite end of each set of stairs 102 can then be fixed to the opposing landing. To illustrate with reference to FIG. 1C, the bottom end B of the first stairs 102A is fixed to its respective lower landing. The top end A of the first stairs 102A is then operatively connected with its respective upper landing via a first embodiment of stair system 100. The bottom end B of the second stairs 102B is also operatively connected with its respective lower landing (which is the same as the upper landing of the first stairs 102A) via a second embodiment of stair system 100. The top end A of the second stairs 102B is then fixed to its respective upper landing. The bottom end B of the third stair set 102C is also fixed to its respective lower landing (which is the same as the upper landing of the second stairs 102B). The top end A of the third stairs 102C is then operatively connected with its respective upper landing via a third embodiment of stair system 100.

(48) FIGS. 2A-2C schematically illustrate the range of movement and positioning of the stair system 100 in a first connection scheme in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in each of FIGS. 2A-2C, the first connector 106 of the stair system 100 is operatively connected with the stair landing 104 and the second connector 140 of the stair system 100 is operatively connected with the stairs 102. FIG. 2A illustrates the stair system 100 in a nominal position with the upper connector 126 and the lower connector 128 in a non-extended, non-telescoped downward position. The sliding body 118 is in a non-rotated state, and the second connector 140 has experienced no lateral movement. The cover plate 154 of FIG. 2A is also in a nominal position, covering a gap having a size of AA. For purposes of illustration only, and not intended to be limiting, a gap having size A is smaller than a gap having size AA, and a gap having size AAA is larger than a gap having size AA. As shown, FIG. 2B illustrates the stair system 100 of FIG. 2A in a tension position with the upper connector 126 and the lower connector 128 being in an extended, telescoped position. The sliding body 118 is in a positively-rotated state, and the second connector 140 has experienced lateral movement away from the stair landing. The cover plate 154 of FIG. 2B is also in a tension position, covering a gap having a size of AAA. As shown, FIG. 2C illustrates the stair system 100 of FIG. 2A in a compression position with the upper connector 126 and the lower connector 128 being in a compressed, telescoped position. The sliding body 118 is in a negatively-rotated state, and the second connector 140 has experienced lateral movement toward the stair landing. The cover plate 154 of FIG. 2C is also in a compression position, covering a gap having a size of A. In any of FIG. 2A, 2B, or 2C the stair system 100 can also experience side-to-side lateral movement via the sliding motion of the sliding body 118.

(49) FIGS. 2D-2F schematically illustrate the range of movement and positioning of the stair system 100 in a second connection scheme. As shown in each of FIGS. 2D-2E, the first connector 106 of the stair system 100 is operatively connected with the stairs 102 and the second connector 140 of the stair system 100 is operatively connected with the stair landing 104. FIG. 2D illustrates the stair system 100 in a nominal position with the upper connector 126 and the lower connector 128 in a non-extended, non-telescoped upward position. The sliding body 118 is in a non-rotated state, and the second connector 140 has experienced no lateral movement. The cover plate 154 of FIG. 2D is also in a nominal position, covering a gap having a size of AA. For purposes of illustration only, and not intended to be limiting, a gap having size A is smaller than a gap having size AA, and a gap having size AAA is larger than a gap having size AA. As shown, FIG. 2E illustrates the stair system 100 of FIG. 2D in a tension position with the upper connector 126 and the lower connector 128 being in an extended, telescoped position. The sliding body 118 is in a positively-rotated state, and the stair 102 and supports 106 has experienced lateral movement away from the stair landing. The cover plate 154 of FIG. 2E is also in a tension position, covering a gap having a size of AAA. As shown, FIG. 2F illustrates the stair system 100 of FIG. 2D in a compression position with the upper connector 125 and the lower connector 128 being in a compressed, telescoped position. The sliding body 118 is in a negatively-rotated state, and the stair 102 and supports 106 has experienced lateral movement toward the stair landing. The cover plate 154 of FIG. 2F is also in a compression position, covering a gap having a size of A. In any of FIG. 2D, 2E, or 2F the stair system 100 can also experience side-to-side lateral movement via the sliding motion of the sliding body 118.

(50) The movement of the stair system 100 described herein, including the telescopic movement, allows the stairs 102 to remain generally parallel to the ground (i.e., no tilt) when moving in tension and compression, thus allowing for safe egress. On the other hand, hypothetical stair systems which swing, tilt, and/or do not remain generally parallel to the ground during tension and compression have increased dangers during egress, as a user may lose balance and/or fall during an evacuation.

(51) FIGS. 2G and 2H schematically illustrate movement of the sliding body 118 in the first and second lateral directions L. As shown in FIG. 2G, the sliding body 118 of the stair system 100 is positioned in a first negative lateral direction such that the upper connector 126, the lower connector 128, and the second connector 140 are disposed toward and adjacent the first arm 112. As shown in FIG. 2H, the sliding body 118 of the stair system 100 is positioned in a second positive lateral direction such that the upper connector 126, the lower connector 128, and the second connector 140 are disposed toward and adjacent the second arm 114.

(52) Stair systems in accordance with the disclosed subject matter, including the stair system 100, are configured to permit multiaxial movement of stairs 102 between building levels and/or landings. Testing has been performed and results indicate that the stair system 100 safely allows for multidirectional movement between about 0.1 inch and about 10 inches, such as between about 1 inch and about 5 inches. It is contemplated, however, that the movement capabilities of the stair system 100 are defined by each specific building requirements, project requirements, and/or required clearances. As such, the specific movement requirements for each stair system 100 are able to be altered to meet the requirements and clearances as detailed above.

(53) Benefits of stair systems in accordance with the disclosed subject matter include that the stair system 100 provides multidirectional movement and orbital capacity to absorb landing displacement without damage to the stair system, thus allowing for safe egress. Additionally, the stair system 100 is easily disposed at the top or bottom of a flight of stairs, thus allowing all movement to be located at one point (e.g., an intermediate landing) as opposed to requiring each axis of movement to be located at opposite ends of the flight. As such, one end of the flight of stairs can remain fixed yet still provide the benefits of multidirectional movement. Additionally, multidirectional movement in stairs reduces the risk of damage to adjacent architecture and structural components.

(54) For the purpose of illustration and not limitation, FIGS. 3A and 3B schematically illustrate an alternative embodiment for a stair system 300 for allowing for movement of stairs 302 between building levels. Stair system 300 is similar to stair system 100, described above, with differences described below.

(55) As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the stair system 300 can include a first connector 306. The first connector 306 is configured for coupling with a stair landing 304; however, in some embodiments, the first connector 306 can connect to or couple with an individual stair of stairs 302, the ground, and/or any other suitable connection structure. The first connector 306 can include a first body 308. The first body 308 can include a base 310, a first arm 312, and a second arm 314. Each of the first arm 312 and the second arm 314 can extend outward from the base 310, in relatively the same direction. The first connector 306 can be coupled with, via the base 310, with any of the structures described above via, for example, a nut and bolt connection, a welded connection, a cast-in connection, an embed connection, a slotted nut and bolt connection, and/or any other suitable connection means. In some embodiments, the base 310 and each of the first arm 312 and the second arm 314 can have a square shape, a rectangular shape, a shape with rounded edges, or any other suitable shape. Each of the first arm 312 and the second arm 314 can have a cutout 316 to allow for the insertion of a body therein or therethrough. In some embodiments, the cutout 316 may be circular in shape, while in other embodiments, the cutout 316 may have any suitable shape.

(56) The stair system 300 can also include an extension rod 360. The extension rod 360 can be disposed between each of the first arm 312 and the second arm 314. In some embodiments, the extension rod 360 is operatively connected with each cutout 316 of the first arm 312 and the second arm 314, such that the extension rod 360 is disposed at least partially within the first arm 312 and the second arm 314 and/or secured in place by the first arm 312 and the second arm 314. Furthermore, the extension rod 360 can be of any suitable shape, such as cylindrical as shown in FIG. 3A. The shape of each cutout 316 can match the shape of the extension rod 360.

(57) The stair system 300 can also include a sliding body 318. The sliding body 318 has a first end 320 and a second end 322, wherein the second end 322 is opposite the first end 320. The sliding body 318 is configured such that the sliding body 318 is a rotating upper coupler. As such, the sliding body 318 is configured to fit over the extension rod 360. Therefore the sliding body 318 is of a similar shape as the extension rod 360 and size to fit about an exterior surface of the extension rod 360. In some embodiments, the sliding body 318 is cylindrical such that the sliding body 318 fits around a cylindrical extension rod 360, thus allowing for sliding movement and rotational movement of the sliding body 318 about the extension rod 360. As such, the sliding body 318 can move freely on the extension rod 360. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3B, the moveable distance 324 of the sliding body 318 in the first lateral direction K is limited by the length of the extension rod 360 between the first arm 312 and the second arm 314. The sliding body 318 is therefore configured for movement in a first lateral direction K along a longitudinal axis of the extension rod 360 and for rolling movement R about the longitudinal axis of the extension rod 360. Furthermore, the extension rod 360 is operatively connected with the sliding body 318 which allows the sliding body 318 to rotate and maintain orientation as the stairs 302 move in tension and/or compression, and/or toward and away from the stair landing 304, as described in more detail below.

(58) In some embodiments, the stair system 310 can also include an upper connector 326. The upper connector 326 is operatively connected with the sliding body 318, such that the upper connector 326 and the sliding body 318 move in unison. In some embodiments, the upper connector 326 can be operatively connected with the sliding body 318 via, for example, a welded connection, a pinned connection, a threaded connection, a bolted connection, an extruded component, or any other suitable connection means. In some embodiments, the upper connector 326 is operatively connected with the sliding body 318 at an approximate midpoint M of the sliding body 318.

(59) The stair system 300 can further include a lower connector 328. For example, the upper connector 326 is operatively connected and telescopically disposed within the lower connector 328. As such, the upper connector 326 slides within the lower connector 328. In some embodiments, the upper connector 326 can fit within the lower connector 328, such that the upper connector 326 can be extended into and out of lower connector 328. It is contemplated, however, that in some embodiments, the lower connector 128 can be operatively connected and telescopically disposed within the upper connector 126. Other telescoping connections between the upper connector 126 and the lower connector 128 are also contemplated.

(60) In some embodiments, each of the upper connector 326 and the lower connector 328 have one or more slots 330 formed at least partially through like sides of the upper connector 326 and the lower connector 328, such that the slots 330 of each of the upper connector 326 and the lower connector 328 at least partially overlap. For example, in some embodiments, the slots 330 can extend the along a longitudinal axis of the upper connector 326 and the lower connector 328, such as, in the direction of the telescoping movement of the upper connector 326. The slots 330 can be sized to allow for the operative disposal of a first restriction body 332 therethrough. In some embodiments, the first restriction body 332 is operatively disposed through each of the upper connector 326 and the lower connector 328, to prohibit the upper connector 326 from disconnecting with the lower connector 328 during the telescoping movement. The first restriction body 332 is disposed through each slot 330 to allow for telescopic movement of the upper connector with respect to the lower connector 328. As such, the first restriction body 332 controls the upper connector 326 as the outer surface 334 of the upper connector 326 moves along the inner surface 336 (not shown) of the lower connector 328. The first restriction body 332 is restrained by the slots 330 in the lower connector 328. In some embodiments, the first restriction body 332 is configured to provide between about 1 inch and about 10 inches of movement, for example, between about 1 inch and about 5 inches of movement. In some embodiments, the first restriction body 332 is a pin. In other embodiments, the first restriction body 332 can include a bolt and nut, a rod, a welded pin, a cotter pin, an extruded component, or any other suitable restrictor or component.

(61) In some embodiments, a pad 338 is disposed between the upper connector 326 and the lower connector 328. In some embodiments, the pad 338 is coupled to the outer surface 334 of the upper connector 326, while in other embodiments, the pad 338 is coupled to the inner surface 336 of the lower connector 328. The pad 338 can include a low friction material, such as, by way of example only, PTFE, HDPE, polished stainless steel, or other suitable materials. The low friction material encourages free movement and/or reduces the friction between the upper connector 326 and the lower connector 328, thus allowing for smoother telescoping motion of the upper connector 326 within the lower connector 328.

(62) The stair system 300 can further include a second connector 340. The second connector 340 is operatively connected with the lower connector 328 at a first connection point 342. In some embodiments, the second connector 340 includes a shoe 344 and a mounting portion 346. In some embodiments, the lower connector 328 includes at least one hole disposed therethrough for connecting with the second connector 340. Likewise, in some embodiments, the second connector 340 or the shoe 344 includes at least one hole disposed therethrough for connecting with the lower connector 328. The second connector 340 or the shoe 344 of the second connector 340 can operatively connect with the lower connector 328 at the first connection point 342 via a second restriction body 348. In some embodiments, the second restriction body 348 can be a pin, a bolt, a rod, or any other suitable connection body. The second restriction body 348 allows the lower connector 328 to rotate or move relative to the second connector 340 about the first connection point 342. As such, the lower connector 328 is configured for rotational movement W about the first connection point 342. Furthermore, the lower connector 328 and the second connector 340 are configured for movement relative to the upper connector 326 in a second lateral direction Q, perpendicular to the first lateral direction K. Therefore, the lower connector 328 rotates on the second restriction body 348 while maintaining the vertical orientation of the second connector 340 and the stairs 302 during movement.

(63) In some embodiments, the second connector 340 is configured for coupling with stair landing 304, an individual stair of stairs 302, the ground, and/or any other suitable connection structure. To facilitate and/or encourage free movement of the second connector 340, a pad 350, similar to pad 338, can be coupled with the second connector 340. The pad 350 can include a low friction material, such as, by way of example only, PTFE, HDPE, polished stainless steel, or other suitable material. The pad 350 is configured to be disposed between the second connector 340 and a stair support 352. In some embodiments, the second connector 340 and/or the stairs 302 can rest on the stair support 352. The stair support provides stability for stairs 302 to function during all movements and normal (static) operation.

(64) In some embodiments, the stair system 300 further includes a cover plate 354. In some embodiments, the cover plate 354 is operatively connected with the stair system 300 or portion thereof, while in other embodiments the cover plate 354 is operatively connected with the stairs 302, and in other embodiments the cover plate 354 is a separate system. The cover plate 354 is configured to cover a gap and/or the stair system 300 between the stairs 302 and any of a landing, ground, or other system. The cover plate 354 is therefore configured to slide in any lateral direction (e.g., forward/backward and/or side-to-side), raise, and/or lower as the stairs 302 move in order to provide a continuous, gap-less, path. The cover plate 354 can be, for example, a metal sheet or plate.

(65) As shown in FIG. 3A, the first connector 306 is a landing connector and the second connector 340 is a stair connector. It is contemplated, however, that, although the first connector 306 as shown in FIG. 3A is operatively connected with the stair landing 304 (i.e., a landing connector), the first connector 306, in some embodiments, can be operatively connected with the stairs 302 (i.e., a stair connector) or the stair support 352. Similarly, it is contemplated that, although the second connector 340 as shown in FIG. 3A is operatively connected with stair support 352, the second connector 340, in some embodiments, can be operatively connected with the stair landing 304 (i.e., a landing connector) or the stairs 302. As such, the stair system 300 can be utilized in conjunction with a fixed or alternative connection at either a top end or a bottom end of a stair.

(66) FIGS. 3C-3E schematically illustrate the range of movement and positioning of the stair system 300 in a first connection scheme. As shown in each of FIGS. 3C-3E, the first connector 306 of the stair system 300 is operatively connected with the stair landing 304 and the second connector 340 of the stair system 300 is operatively connected with the stairs 302. FIG. 3C illustrates the stair system 300 in a nominal position with the upper connector 326 and the lower connector 328 in a non-extended, non-telescoped downward position. The sliding body 318 is in a non-rotated state, and the second connector 340 has experienced no lateral movement. The cover plate 354 of FIG. 3C is also in a nominal position, covering a gap having a size of AA. For purposes of illustration only, and not intended to be limiting, a gap having size A is smaller than a gap having size AA, and a gap having size AAA is larger than a gap having size AA. As shown, FIG. 3D illustrates the stair system 300 of FIG. 3C in a compression position with the upper connector 326 and the lower connector 328 being in a compressed, telescoped position. The sliding body 318 is in a negatively-rotated state, and the second connector 340 has experienced lateral movement toward the stair landing. The cover plate 354 of FIG. 3D is also in a compression position, covering a gap having a size of A.

(67) As shown, FIG. 3E illustrates the stair system 300 of FIG. 3C in a tension position with the upper connector 326 and the lower connector 328 being in an extended, telescoped position. The sliding body 318 is in a positively-rotated state, and the second connector 340 has experienced lateral movement away from the stair landing. The cover plate 354 of FIG. 3E is also in a tension position, covering a gap having a size of AAA. In any of FIG. 3C, 3D, or 3E the stair system 300 can also experience side-to-side lateral movement via the sliding motion of the sliding body 318.

(68) The movement of the stair system 300 described herein, including the telescopic movement, allows the stairs 302 to remain generally parallel to the ground (i.e., no tilt) when moving in tension and compression, thus allowing for safe egress. On the other hand, hypothetical stair systems which swing, tilt, and/or do not remain generally parallel to the ground during tension and compression have increased dangers during egress, as a user may lose balance and/or fall during an evacuation.

(69) FIGS. 3F-3H schematically illustrate the range of side-to-side lateral movement and positioning of the stair system 300 according to an example connection scheme. As shown, FIG. 3F illustrates the stair system 300 in a neutral centered position such that the sliding body 318 is disposed at the approximate midpoint of the extension rod 360.

(70) As shown, FIG. 3G illustrates the stair system 300 in a positive position wherein the sliding body 318 is laterally moved in the +K direction, such that the sliding body 318 is disposed adjacent the first arm 312.

(71) As shown, FIG. 3H illustrates the stair system 300 in a negative position wherein the sliding body 318 is laterally moved in the −K direction, such that the sliding body 318 is disposed adjacent the second arm 314.

(72) The stair system 300 is configured to permit multiaxial movement of stairs 302 between building levels and/or landings. Testing has been performed and results indicate that the stair system 300 safely allows for multidirectional movement between about 0.1 inch and about 10 inches, such as between about 1 inch and about 5 inches. It is contemplated, however, that the movement capabilities of the stair system 300 are defined by each specific building requirements, project requirements, and/or required clearances. As such, the specific movement requirements for each stair system 300 are able to be altered to meet the requirements and clearances as detailed above.

(73) Benefits of stair systems in accordance with the disclosed subject matter include that the stair system 300 provides multidirectional movement and orbital capacity to absorb landing displacement without damage to the stair system 300, thus allowing for safe egress. Additionally, the stair system 300 is easily disposed at the top or bottom of a flight of stairs, thus allowing all movement to be located at one point (e.g., an intermediate landing) as opposed to requiring each axis of movement to be located at opposite ends of the flight. As such, one end of the flight of stairs can remain fixed. Also, multidirectional movement in stairs reduces the risk of damage to adjacent architecture and/or structural components.

(74) For purpose of illustration and not limitation, FIGS. 4A-4C schematically illustrate alternative embodiments for a stair system 400 for allowing for movement of stairs 402 between building levels. For example, as shown in FIG. 4A, the stair system 400 can include a first connector 406 and a second connector 408. In some embodiments, the first connector 406 can be a landing connector (e.g., for connection with a stair landing 404), and the second connector 408 can be a stair connector (e.g., for connection with stairs 402). However, in other embodiments, the first connector 406 can be a stair connector (e.g., for connection with stairs 402), and the second connector 408 can be a landing connector (e.g., for connection with a stair landing 404). The first connector 406 is operatively connected with the stair landing 404 or the stairs 402 via a nut and bolt connection, a welded connection, a pinned connection, or any other suitable connection means. The second connector 408 is operatively connected with the stairs 402 or the stair landing via a nut and bolt connection, a welded connection, a pinned connection, or any other suitable connection means. The first connector 406 and the second connector 408 are operatively connected by a third connector 410, with, for example, a first pin 412 operatively connecting a first end 416 of the third connector 410 with the first connector 406 and a second pin 414 operatively connecting a second end 418 of the third connector 410 with the second connector 408. The third connector 410 can have a fixed length; however, it is contemplated that, in some embodiments, the third connector 410 can have an adjustable length.

(75) The operative connection of the first connector 406 with the third connector 410 and the second connector 408 with the third connector 410 allows the third connector 410 to swing as the stairs 402 move in tension and compression, perpendicularly away from and towards the stair landing 404. The second connector 408 can rotate to maintain the stairs 402 in a vertical orientation as the stairs 402 move horizontally away from the stair landing 404. As such, the stair system 400 is configured to allow the stairs 402 to move away from and/or towards the face 428 of the stair landing 404 as the stairs 402 rotate.

(76) In some embodiments, the stair system 400 can further include a cover plate 420. In some embodiments, the cover plate 420 is operatively connected with the stair system 400 or portion thereof, while in other embodiments the cover plate 420 is operatively connected with the stairs 402, and in other embodiments the cover plate 420 is a separate system. In other embodiments, the cover plate 420 can be connected with a top tread of the stairs 402 thus rising and falling with any movement of the stairs 402. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the cover plate 420 is not connected to the stair landing 404. The cover plate 420 is configured to cover a gap 422 and/or the stair system 400 between the stairs 402 and any of a stair landing 404, ground, or other system. The cover plate 420 is therefore configured to slide in any lateral direction (e.g., forward/backward and/or side-to-side), raise, lower, and/or rotate with the stairs 402 as the stairs 402 move in order to provide a continuous, gap-less, path. The cover plate 420 can be, for example, a metal sheet or plate.

(77) In some embodiments, and as shown in FIG. 4B, an alternate attachment bracket 422 can be utilized with the stair system 400. The alternate attachment bracket 422 is configured for allowing the stair system 400 to be mounted on a side 402A of the stairs 402 rather than behind, below, and/or underneath the stairs as shown in FIG. 4A. The alternate attachment bracket 422 can be bolted or welded to a stringer of the stairs 402. The configuration of the stair system 400 with the alternate attachment bracket 422 minimizes the nominal, at rest, joint width between the last riser 426 of the stairs 402 and the face 428 of the stair landing 404.

(78) In another embodiment, and as shown in FIG. 4C, a pin connection system 430 can be utilized with the stair system 400. The pin connection system 430 includes a third pin 432, a pin mount 434, and a receiver 436. The pin mount 434 is coupled with the stair landing 404, the ground, or any other suitable connection point. The third pin 432 is coupled with the pin mount 434. In some embodiments, the third pin 432 can be a ball and the received can be a socket. The receiver 436 is coupled with the stairs 402, for example, on an underside 438 of the lowest run 440 of the stairs 402. The receiver 436 is configured to rest on the third pin 432. The third pin 432, therefore, is configured to allow the stairs 402 to rotate thereon (e.g., pivot forward and/or backward), thus mitigating any rising motion associated with the stair system 400.

(79) The stair system 400 is configured to permit multiaxial movement of stairs 402 between building levels and/or landings. Testing has been performed and results indicate that the stair system 400 safely allows for multidirectional movement between about 0.1 inch and about 10 inches, such as between about 1 inch and about 5 inches. It is contemplated, however, that the movement capabilities of the stair system 400 are defined by each specific building requirements, project requirements, and/or required clearances. As such, the specific movement requirements for each stair system 400 are able to be altered to meet the requirements and clearances as detailed above.

(80) Benefits of stair systems in accordance with the disclosed subject matter include that the stair system 400 provides multidirectional movement to absorb landing displacement without damage to the stair system 400. Additionally, the stair system 400 is easily disposed at the top or bottom of a flight of stairs, thus allowing all movement to be located at one point (e.g., an intermediate landing) as opposed to requiring each axis of movement to be located at opposite ends of the flight. As such, one end of the flight of stairs can remain fixed.

(81) For purpose of illustration and not limitation, FIGS. 5A-5B schematically illustrate alternative embodiments for stair system 400, shown in FIG. 4A, for allowing for movement of stairs 402 between building levels. For example, as shown in FIG. 5A, a ball-rod connector 510 can be utilized in place of the third connector 410 to operatively connect the first connector 406 with the second connector 408. The ball-rod connector 510 includes a first ball joint rod end 512, a second ball joint rod end 514, and a connecting rod 516. The first ball joint rod end 512 is operatively connected with the first connector 406 via a connecting bolt 516. The second ball joint rod end 514 is operatively connected with the second connector 408 via a connecting bolt 516. The first ball joint rod end 512 and the ball-rod connector 510 are configured to rotate around the first connector 406 to accommodate tension and compression movement. The second ball joint rod end 514 is configured to allow the stairs 402 to remain in a vertical orientation as the stair moves horizontally away from the stair landing 404. The second connector 408 projects the first ball joint rod end 512, the second ball joint rod end 514, and the ball-rod connector 510 into the gap 422 disposed between the stair landing 404 and the stairs 402, to allow both tension (e.g., movement away from the stair landing 404) and compression (e.g., movement toward the stair landing 404) movements. Furthermore, each of the first ball joint rod end 512 and the second ball joint rod end 514 are configured for rotation about the vertical axis of the ball rod connector 510 and the horizontal axis of the connecting bolts 516, thus enabling the stairs 402 to move laterally (e.g., left and right) in relation to the stair landing 404. The multiaxial rotation also provides additional allowance for orbital movements, for example, those typically associated with earthquake events.

(82) Moreover, as shown in FIG. 5B, in some embodiments the pin connection system 430 of FIG. 4C can be utilized in combination with the embodiment including the ball-rod connector 510 of FIG. 5A. As shown in FIG. 5B, the ball rod connector 510 can be utilized in combination with stair system 400 at the stair landing 404 (e.g., a top stair landing) while the pin connection system 430 is utilized at the bottom of the stairs 402.

(83) For purpose of illustration and not limitation, FIGS. 6A and 6B schematically illustrate a retrofit system 600 for stairs for allowing movement of stairs 102 between building levels. As shown, the retrofit system 600 includes a support angle 602. The support angle 602 includes a horizontal panel 604 and a vertical panel 606. The support angle 602 is configured for connection to the landing 616. The support angle 602 can be coupled with the landing supports (not separately identified) via any suitable connection means, for example but not limited to, a mechanically fastened connection, a bolted connection, an extruded complete component, or a welded connection. Furthermore, the support angle 602 can be produced of any suitable material, for example, steel and/or aluminum. The stairs 102 can be a pre-existing set of stairs, a prefabricated set or stairs, or a new construction stair set.

(84) The retrofit system 600 can also include a rail 608 and a bracket 610. The rail is disposed on the horizontal panel 604. In some embodiments, the rail 608 can be welded, bolted, and/or mechanically fastened to the support angle 602. The bracket 610 is configured for coupling with a tread 612 or the side stringer of the stairs, for example, an underside of the tread. The bracket 610 is configured to at least partially form fit over a top of the rail 608 such that the bracket 610 allows for sliding movement of the stairs 102 as guided by the rail 608. In some embodiments, the bracket 610 can include a first member 620 and a second member 622 that together form a U-shape, as shown in FIG. 6B. The bracket 610 includes a channel which can be connected with and/or between the stringers or the stairs 102. The bracket 610 is configured to slide over the rail 608

(85) In some embodiments, as also shown in FIG. 6B, a positive connection assembly 618 is fastened through the bracket 610 and under the rail 608. The positive connection assembly 618 securely attaches the retrofit system 600 to the landing 616, the ground, and/or the stairs 102. In some embodiments, the positive connection assembly 618 includes a nut and bolt assembly, although other suitable positive connection assemblies are contemplated. The positive connection assembly 618 ensures that the stairs 102 will not disengage from the landing 616 should vertical movement occur.

(86) Additionally, in some embodiments, the retrofit system 600 can include a top tread 612 of a stair. The top tread 612 is configured for disposal between the landing 616 and the stairs 102. As such, the top tread 612 visually obstructs the support angle 602.

(87) Retrofit systems in accordance with the disclosed subject matter, including the retrofit system 600, allow for movement of the stairs 102 in the lateral direction. In order to retrofit an existing set of stairs 102 and/or landing 616 to allow for movement, the uppermost stair tread is removed and a typical non-retro-fitted connection, including a plate 614A and bolt 614B, are also removed. While the stringers are supported the support angle 602 and the rail 608 are each operatively connected to the existing landing channel 616 and the bracket 610 is coupled with a tread of the existing staircase. Top tread 612 is operatively connected with the retrofit system 600 to replace the previously removed uppermost tread. The top tread 612 is configured to cover any gaps disposed between the stairs 102 and the landing 616 such that a continuous surface is provided during all movement scenarios.

(88) Exemplary benefits of retrofit systems in accordance with the disclosed subject matter include a reduction in the amount of space required for the overall installation, and protection/salvage of the existing stair system. Additionally, the retrofit system 600 provides for an installation process that is simplified, thus resulting in cost reductions.

(89) For purpose of illustration and not limitation, FIGS. 7A-7D schematically illustrate a stair system 700 for allowing for movement of stairs 102 between building levels. As shown, the stair system 700 includes a first movement system 710 and a second movement system 730.

(90) In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the first movement system 710 includes a first landing connector 712. The first landing connector 712 includes a first guide rail 714 and at least one first foot 716. The at least one first foot 716 is coupled with the first guide rail 714.

(91) The first movement system 710 can also include a first support beam 718. The first support beam 718 is operatively coupled with the first guide rail 714, such that the first support beam 718 slides along the first guide rail 714. The first support beam 718 can be constructed from any suitable material for supporting stairs, and as shown, can be hollow or solid, or any combination thereof. Suitable materials can include, for example, metal (e.g., aluminum), plastics, and/or glass. The first support beam 718 can be square-shaped, rectangular, L-shaped, double-L shaped, or any other suitable shape.

(92) In some embodiments, the first movement system 710 further includes a first connection system 720. The first connection system 720 is configured to couple the at least one first foot 716 with at least one of a first stair, a first landing, or a first ground location.

(93) In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 7C and 7D, the second movement system 730 includes a second landing connector 732. The second landing connector 732 includes a second guide rail 734 and at least one second foot 736. The at least one second foot 736 is coupled with the second guide rail 734.

(94) The second movement system 730 can also include a second support beam 738. The second support beam 738 is operatively coupled with the second guide rail 734, such that the second support beam 738 slides along the second guide rail 734. The second support beam 738 can be constructed from any suitable material for supporting stairs, and as shown, can be hollow or solid, or any combination thereof. The second support beam 738 can be square-shaped, rectangular, L-shaped, double-L shaped, or any other suitable shape.

(95) In some embodiments, the second movement system 730 further includes a second connection system 740. The second connection system 740 is configured to couple the at least one second foot 736 with at least one of a second stair, a second landing, or a second ground location.

(96) As shown in FIGS. 7I and 7J for illustration and not limitation, the first movement system 710 allows for movement in a first direction X, while the second movement system 730 allows for movement in a second direction Y. The first direction X and the second direction Y can be in different axes to allow for multiaxial movement. In some embodiments, the second direction Y is approximately perpendicular to the first direction X. In some embodiments, the first movement system 710 is configured for coupling with a first landing 790 (e.g., bottom landing) of a first stair set 800 and the second movement system 730 is configured for coupling with a second landing 792 (e.g., top landing) of the first stair set 800. It is contemplated that, in some embodiments, any of the first movement system 710 and/or the second movement system 730 can be configured for coupling with either the first landing 790 of the first stair set 800 and/or the second landing 792 of the first stair set 800. However, in some embodiments, the first movement system 710 is configured for coupling at one of the first landing 790 or the second landing 792 of the first stair set 800, while the second movement system 730 is configured for coupling at one of the first landing 790 or the second landing 792 of the first stair set, whichever is not coupled with the first movement system 710, such that the first movement system 710 and the second movement system 730 are utilized in conjunction on the first stair set 800 in order to realize maximum movement of the stairs. Although the first movement system 710 and the second movement system 730 are described as configured for coupling with either the first landing 790 and/or the second landing 792, supra, it is contemplated that the any of the first movement system 710 and/or the second movement system 730 can be configured for coupling with a landing, stairs, a ground, or any other suitable system.

(97) As further shown in FIGS. 7E-7J, in some embodiments, including those in which multiple sets of stairs are disposed (e.g., a stairwell), the stair system 700 can further include a third movement system 750 and a fourth movement system 770. The third movement system 750 is substantially similar to the second movement system 730, and the fourth movement system 770 is substantially similar to the first movement system 710.

(98) Referring to FIGS. 7E and 7F for purpose of illustration and not limitation, the third movement system 750 includes a third landing connector 752. The third landing connector 752 includes a third guide rail 754 and at least one third foot 756. The at least one third foot 756 is coupled with the third guide rail 754.

(99) The third movement system 750 can also include a third support beam 758. The third support beam 758 is operatively coupled with the third guide rail 754, such that the third support beam 758 slides along the third guide rail 754.

(100) In some embodiments, the third movement system 750 further includes a third connection system 760. The third connection system 760 is configured to couple the at least one third foot 756 with at least one of a third stair, a third landing, or a third ground location.

(101) Referring to FIGS. 7G and 7H for illustration and not limitation, the fourth movement system 770 includes a fourth landing connector 772. The fourth landing connector 772 includes a fourth guide rail 774 and at least one fourth foot 776. The at least one fourth foot 776 is coupled with the fourth guide rail 774.

(102) The fourth movement system 770 can also include a fourth support beam 778. The fourth support beam 778 is operatively coupled with the fourth guide rail 774, such that the fourth support beam 778 slides along the fourth guide rail 774.

(103) In some embodiments, the fourth movement system 770 further includes a fourth connection system 780. The fourth connection system 780 is configured to couple the at least one fourth foot 776 with at least one of a fourth stair, a fourth landing, or a fourth ground location.

(104) Referring again to FIGS. 7I and 7J for illustration and not limitation, the third movement system 750 allows for movement in the second direction Y, while the fourth movement system 770 allows for movement in the first direction X. In some embodiments, the third movement system 750 is configured for coupling with the second landing 792 of the first stair set 800 and the fourth movement system 770 is configured for coupling with a third landing 794 of a second stair set 802. Although the third movement system 750 and the fourth movement system 770 are described as configured for coupling with either the second landing 792 of the first stair set 800 and/or the third landing 794 of the second stair set 802, supra, it is contemplated that the any of the third movement system 750 and/or the fourth movement system 770 can be configured for coupling with a landing, stairs, a ground, or any other suitable system.

(105) Utilization of the first movement system 710 at the first landing 790 (e.g., bottom) of the first stair set 800 and the second movement system 730 at the second landing 792 (e.g., top) of the first stair set 800, allows the first stair set 800 to move in both a tension and a compression direction. Likewise, the utilization of the third movement system 750 at the second landing 792 of the first stair set 800 and the fourth movement system 770 at the third landing 794 of the second stair set 802, allows the second stair set 802 to move in both a tension and a compression direction.

(106) In some embodiments, it is contemplated that lubricants can be utilized with the stair system 700 disclosed, however, testing has been performed and results indicate that the frictional forces between the parts of the stair system 700 provide a resistance that is sufficiently overcome during actions which require stair movement without lubricants.

(107) For purpose of illustration and not limitation, FIG. 7K schematically illustrates operations of a method 800 for installing a stair system, such as stair system 700. At operation 810, a first movement system is operatively connected to a first end of a first set of stairs. At operation 820, a second movement system is operatively connected to a second end of the first set of stairs. The first end of the first set of stairs is disposed adjacent a lower-most stair of the first set of stairs, and the second end of the first set of stairs is disposed adjacent an upper-most stair of the first set of stairs. As such, the first movement system is configured for coupling with a bottom landing of the first set of stairs and the second movement system is configured for coupling with a top landing of the first set of stairs. The first movement system allows for movement in a first direction, and the second movement system allows for movement in a second direction, wherein the second direction is different than the first direction. At operation 830, a third movement system is operatively connected to a first end of a second set of stairs. At operation 840, a fourth movement system is operatively connected to a second end of the second set of stairs. The first end of the second set of stairs is disposed adjacent a lower-most stair of the second set of stairs, and the second end of the second set of stairs is disposed adjacent an upper-most stair of the second set of stairs. As such, the third movement system is configured for coupling with a bottom landing of the of the second set of stairs and the fourth movement system is configured for coupling with a top landing of the second set of stairs. The third movement system allows for movement in the second direction, and the fourth movement system allows for movement in the first direction. As such, the first movement system and the fourth movement system are substantially similar in that each are operatively connected with the same landing and allow for movement in the same direction. Furthermore, the second movement system and the third movement system are substantially similar in that each are operatively connected with the same landing and allow for movement in the same direction.

(108) The present disclosure is not limited to the specific combinations of the embodiments disclosed as it is contemplated that any number of the disclosed embodiments can be combined to allow for additional stair movement. The stair systems and methods disclosed allow for stair movement between building levels, platforms, landings, or the like while maintaining the structural integrity of the stair system for safe egress passage. The systems and methods disclosed further allow for independent movement of the surrounding building walls, landings, floor slabs, and/or any other portion of the surrounding building structure to the stair system. The embodiments of the present disclosure are suitable for use in both new constructions as well as in existing constructions for retrofit applications to allow for movement between levels, landings, or within stairwell structures. The present disclosure can reduce stair damage during building movement whether it is from wind, thermal, or seismic activity, and/or any other type of suitable force or experience, as the present disclosure allows for directional movement, or a combination thereof, including tension and compression, lateral, or vertical movement.

(109) While the foregoing is directed to embodiments described herein, other and further embodiments can be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.