Flexible coal-fired power generation system and operation method thereof

Abstract

A flexible coal-fired power generation system includes a thermal system for coal-fired power generating unit and a high-temperature heat storage system connected in parallel, wherein: the heat storage system includes a heat storage medium pump (17), a cold heat storage medium tank (18), a hot heat storage medium tank (20), multiple valves, and a heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger (21). A heat storage medium heater (16) locates in the boiler (1) and is connected with both the cold heat storage medium tank (18) and the hot heat storage medium tank (20). Through the heat storage medium pump (17), the flow of heat storage medium that enters the heat storage medium heater (16) is adjusted to reduce the output of the steam turbine when the boiler (1) is stably burning.

Claims

1. A flexible coal-fired power generation system, which comprises a thermal system for coal-fired power generating unit and a high-temperature heat storage system, wherein: the thermal system for coal-fired power generating unit comprises a boiler (1), a steam turbine high pressure cylinder (2), a steam turbine medium and low pressure cylinder (3), a condenser (4), a condensate pump (5), a low pressure heater (6), a deaerator (7), a feedwater pump (8), a first-stage high pressure heater (9), a second-stage high pressure heater (10), a third-stage high pressure heater (11), an inlet regulating valve (12) for the first-stage high pressure heater, an inlet regulating valve (13) for the second-stage high pressure heater, an inlet regulating valve (14) for the third-stage high pressure heater and an outlet regulating valve (15) for the third-stage high pressure heater; a heat storage medium heater (16) is located in the boiler (1); the high-temperature heat storage system comprises a heat storage medium pump (17), a cold heat storage medium tank (18), a hot heat storage medium tank (20), a connection valve (19) for connecting the cold heat storage medium tank (18) with the hot heat storage medium tank (20), a heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger (21) and an outlet regulating valve (22) for the hot heat storage medium tank (20), all of which are connected with each other in sequence; an inlet of the heat storage medium heater (16) is connected with a cold heat storage medium outlet of the cold heat storage medium tank (18) through the heat storage medium pump (17); an outlet of the heat storage medium heater (16) is connected with a hot heat storage medium inlet of the hot heat storage medium tank (20) through a pipeline; a heat storage medium outlet of the heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger (21) is connected with a cold heat storage medium inlet of the cold heat storage medium tank (18) through a pipeline, and a heat storage medium inlet of the heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger (21) is connected with a hot heat storage medium outlet of the hot heat storage medium tank (20) through the outlet regulating valve (22) for the hot heat storage medium tank; a feedwater inlet of the heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger (21) is connected with a feedwater inlet of the first-stage high pressure heater (9) through the inlet regulating valve (12) for the first-stage high pressure heater, is connected with a feedwater inlet of the second-stage high pressure heater (10) through the inlet regulating valve (13) for the second-stage high pressure heater, is connected with a feedwater inlet of the third-stage high pressure heater (11) through the inlet regulating valve (14) for the third-stage high pressure heater, and is connected with a feedwater outlet of the third-stage high pressure heater through the outlet regulating valve (15) for the third-stage high pressure heater; a feedwater outlet of the heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger (21) is connected with the feedwater outlet of the third-stage high pressure heater (11); the cold heat storage medium tank (18) is connected with the hot heat storage medium tank (20) through the connection valve (19) for connecting the cold heat storage medium tank with the hot heat storage medium tank; a superheated steam outlet of the boiler (1) is connected with an inlet of the steam turbine high pressure cylinder (2); a feedwater inlet of the boiler (1) is connected with the feedwater outlet of the third-stage high pressure heater (11); a steam outlet of the steam turbine high pressure cylinder (2) is connected with a steam inlet of the steam turbine medium and low pressure cylinder (3) through the boiler (1), and is connected with a superheated steam inlet of the second-stage high pressure heater (10) through a pipeline; a first-stage steam extraction outlet of the steam turbine high pressure cylinder (2) is connected with a steam inlet of the third-stage high pressure heater (11) through a pipeline; a first-stage steam extraction outlet of the steam turbine medium and low pressure cylinder (3) is connected with a steam inlet of the first-stage high pressure heater (9) through a pipeline, and a second-stage steam extraction outlet of the steam turbine medium and low pressure cylinder (3) is connected with a steam inlet of the deaerator (7) through a pipeline, and a third-stage steam extraction outlet of the steam turbine medium and low pressure cylinder (3) is connected with a steam inlet of the low pressure heater (6) through a pipeline; a steam outlet of the steam turbine medium and low pressure cylinder (3) is connected with a steam inlet of the condenser (4); a water outlet of the condenser (4) is connected with a water inlet of the low pressure heater (6) through the condensate pump (5); a water outlet of the low pressure heater (6) is connected with a water inlet of the deaerator (7); a water outlet of the deaerator (7) is connected with the feedwater inlet of the first-stage high pressure heater (9) and the feedwater inlet of the heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger (21) through the feedwater pump (8); a feedwater outlet of the first-stage high pressure heater (9) is connected with the feedwater inlet of the second-stage high pressure heater (10) through a pipeline; a feedwater outlet of the second-stage high pressure heater (10) is connected with the feedwater inlet of the third-stage high pressure heater (11) through a pipeline.

2. The flexible coal-fired power generation system according to claim 1, wherein a heat storage medium adopted by the high-temperature heat storage system is heat transfer oil.

3. The flexible coal-fired power generation system according to claim 1, wherein a flue gas temperature of the boiler (1) where the heat storage medium heater (16) is located is greater than 400° C.

4. An operation method of the flexible coal-fired power generation system according to claim 1, the operation method comprising steps of: when a load of a coal-fired power generating unit needs to be reduced, closing the inlet regulating valve (12) for the first-stage high pressure heater, the inlet regulating valve (13) for the second-stage high pressure heater, the inlet regulating valve (14) for the third-stage high pressure heater and the outlet regulating valve (15) for the third-stage high pressure heater, opening the connection valve (19) for connecting the cold heat storage medium tank with the hot heat storage medium tank, staring the heat storage medium pump (17), adjusting a flow of cold heat storage medium that enters the heat storage medium heater (16) and exchanges heat with high-temperature flue gas through the heat storage medium pump (17), heat storage medium after heat exchange entering the hot heat storage medium tank (20), and adjusting quantity of heat storage medium in the cold heat storage medium tank and quantity of heat storage medium in the hot heat storage medium tank to a balance through the connection valve (19) for connecting the cold heat storage medium tank with the hot heat storage medium tank, wherein an adjustment goal is to reduce an output of a steam turbine when the boiler (1) is stably burning; when the load of the coal-fired power generating unit needs to be increased, stopping the heat storage medium pump (17), opening the outlet regulating valve (22) for the hot heat storage medium tank, adjusting a flow of hot heat storage medium that enters the heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger (21) through the outlet regulating valve (22), adjusting flow and temperature of feedwater that enters the heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger (21) through switching on/off at least one of the inlet regulating valve (12) for the first-stage high pressure heater, the inlet regulating valve (13) for the second-stage high pressure heater, the inlet regulating valve (14) for the third-stage high pressure heater and the outlet regulating valve (15) for the third-stage high pressure heater, wherein adjustment goals are to increase the temperature of feedwater, and to make a flow change rate of main stream that enters the steam turbine high pressure cylinder (2) through the boiler (1) and a flow change rate of reheat stream that enters the steam turbine medium and low pressure cylinder (3) through the boiler (1) meet a requirement of an electric load change rate of the steam turbine, so that the flexible coal-fired power generation system is able to meet a requirement of fast load cycling rate.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

(1) The present invention is further explained with accompanying embodiments and drawings in detail as follows.

(2) As shown in the drawing, a flexible coal-fired power generation system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated, which comprises a thermal system for coal-fired power generating unit and a high-temperature heat storage system, wherein:

(3) the thermal system for coal-fired power generating unit comprises a boiler 1, a steam turbine high pressure cylinder 2, a steam turbine medium and low pressure cylinder 3, a condenser 4, a condensate pump 5, a low pressure heater 6, a deaerator 7, a feedwater pump 8, a first-stage high pressure heater 9, a second-stage high pressure heater 10, a third-stage high pressure heater 11, an inlet regulating valve 12 for the first-stage high pressure heater, an inlet regulating valve 13 for the second-stage high pressure heater, an inlet regulating valve 14 for the third-stage high pressure heater and an outlet regulating valve 15 for the third-stage high pressure heater; a heat storage medium heater 16 is located in the boiler 1;

(4) the high-temperature heat storage system comprises a heat storage medium pump 17, a cold heat storage medium tank 18, a hot heat storage medium tank 20, a connection valve 19 for connecting the cold heat storage medium tank 18 with the hot heat storage medium tank 20, a heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger 21 and an outlet regulating valve 22 for the hot heat storage medium tank 20, all of which are connected with each other in sequence;

(5) an inlet of the heat storage medium heater 16 is connected with a cold heat storage medium outlet of the cold heat storage medium tank 18 through the heat storage medium pump 17; an outlet of the heat storage medium heater 16 is connected with a hot heat storage medium inlet of the hot heat storage medium tank 20 through a pipeline; a heat storage medium outlet of the heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger 21 is connected with a cold heat storage medium inlet of the cold heat storage medium tank 18 through a pipeline, and a heat storage medium inlet of the heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger 21 is connected with a hot heat storage medium outlet of the hot heat storage medium tank 20 through the outlet regulating valve 22 for the hot heat storage medium tank; a feedwater inlet of the heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger 21 is connected with a feedwater inlet of the first-stage high pressure heater 9 through the inlet regulating valve 12 for the first-stage high pressure heater, is connected with a feedwater inlet of the second-stage high pressure heater 10 through the inlet regulating valve 13 for the second-stage high pressure heater, is connected with a feedwater inlet of the third-stage high pressure heater 11 through the inlet regulating valve 14 for the third-stage high pressure heater, and is connected with a feedwater outlet of the third-stage high pressure heater through the outlet regulating valve 15 for the third-stage high pressure heater; a feedwater outlet of the heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger 21 is connected with the feedwater outlet of the third-stage high pressure heater 11; the cold heat storage medium tank 18 is connected with the hot heat storage medium tank 20 through the connection valve 19 for connecting the cold heat storage medium tank with the hot heat storage medium tank; a superheated steam outlet of the boiler 1 is connected with an inlet of the steam turbine high pressure cylinder 2; a feedwater inlet of the boiler 1 is connected with the feedwater outlet of the third-stage high pressure heater 11; a steam outlet of the steam turbine high pressure cylinder 2 is connected with a steam inlet of the steam turbine medium and low pressure cylinder 3 through the boiler 1, and is connected with a superheated steam inlet of the second-stage high pressure heater 10 through a pipeline; a first-stage steam extraction outlet of the steam turbine high pressure cylinder 2 is connected with a steam inlet of the third-stage high pressure heater 11 through a pipeline; a first-stage steam extraction outlet of the steam turbine medium and low pressure cylinder 3 is connected with a steam inlet of the first-stage high pressure heater 9 through a pipeline, and a second-stage steam extraction outlet of the steam turbine medium and low pressure cylinder 3 is connected with a steam inlet of the deaerator 7 through a pipeline, and a third-stage steam extraction outlet of the steam turbine medium and low pressure cylinder 3 is connected with a steam inlet of the low pressure heater 6 through a pipeline; a steam outlet of the steam turbine medium and low pressure cylinder 3 is connected with a steam inlet of the condenser 4; a water outlet of the condenser 4 is connected with a water inlet of the low pressure heater 6 through the condensate pump 5; a water outlet of the low pressure heater 6 is connected with a water inlet of the deaerator 7; a water outlet of the deaerator 7 is connected with the feedwater inlet of the first-stage high pressure heater 9 and the feedwater inlet of the heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger 21 through the feedwater pump 8; a feedwater outlet of the first-stage high pressure heater 9 is connected with the feedwater inlet of the second-stage high pressure heater 10 through a pipeline; a feedwater outlet of the second-stage high pressure heater 10 is connected with the feedwater inlet of the third-stage high pressure heater 11 through a pipeline.

(6) Preferably, a heat storage medium adopted by the high-temperature heat storage system is heat transfer oil.

(7) Preferably, a flue gas temperature of the boiler 1 where the heat storage medium heater 16 is located is greater than 400° C.

(8) An operation method of the flexible coal-fired power generation system provided by the present invention shown in the drawing comprises steps of: when a load of a coal-fired power generating unit needs to be reduced, closing the inlet regulating valve 12 for the first-stage high pressure heater, the inlet regulating valve 13 for the second-stage high pressure heater, the inlet regulating valve 14 for the third-stage high pressure heater and the outlet regulating valve 15 for the third-stage high pressure heater, opening the connection valve 19 for connecting the cold heat storage medium tank with the hot heat storage medium tank, staring the heat storage medium pump 17, adjusting a flow of cold heat storage medium that enters the heat storage medium heater 16 and exchanges heat with high-temperature flue gas through the heat storage medium pump 17, heat storage medium after heat exchange entering the hot heat storage medium tank 20, and adjusting quantity of heat storage medium in the cold heat storage medium tank and quantity of heat storage medium in the hot heat storage medium tank to a balance through the connection valve 19 for connecting the cold heat storage medium tank with the hot heat storage medium tank, wherein an adjustment goal is to reduce an output of a steam turbine when the boiler 1 is stably burning;

(9) when the load of the coal-fired power generating unit needs to be increased, stopping the heat storage medium pump 17, opening the outlet regulating valve 22 for the hot heat storage medium tank, adjusting a flow of hot heat storage medium that enters the heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger 21 through the outlet regulating valve 22, adjusting flow and temperature of feedwater that enters the heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger 21 through switching on/off at least one of the inlet regulating valve 12 for the first-stage high pressure heater, the inlet regulating valve 13 for the second-stage high pressure heater, the inlet regulating valve 14 for the third-stage high pressure heater and the outlet regulating valve 15 for the third-stage high pressure heater, wherein adjustment goals are to increase the temperature of feedwater, and to make a flow change rate of main stream that enters the steam turbine high pressure cylinder 2 through the boiler 1 and a flow change rate of reheat stream that enters the steam turbine medium and low pressure cylinder 3 through the boiler 1 meet the requirement of an electric load change rate of the steam turbine, so that the flexible coal-fired power generation system is able to meet the requirement of fast load cycling rate.

(10) According to the present invention, the high-temperature heat storage system is connected with the thermal system for coal-fired power generating unit in parallel, which breaks the strong coupling between the boiler and the steam turbine of the coal-fired power generating unit. When the steam turbine requires to be operated at low load, the flow of the heat storage medium that enters the heat storage medium heater 16 is adjusted, and the boiler combustion is able to be as unchanged as possible, and the heat storage medium is used to store the remaining high-grade energy after meeting the load of the steam turbine outside the coal-fired power generating unit, so as to achieve the decoupling of the steam turbine and the boiler, thereby improving the low-load operating capacity of the coal-fired power generation system, and simultaneously improving energy efficiency. Moreover, the flow and temperature of feedwater from the heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger 21 is able to be controlled through adjusting at least one of the inlet regulating valve 12 for the first-stage high pressure heater, the inlet regulating valve 13 for the second-stage high pressure heater, the inlet regulating valve 14 for the third-stage high pressure heater and the outlet regulating valve 15 for the third-stage high pressure heater. By exchanging heat with the heat storage medium outside the coal-fired power generating unit, the temperature of the feedwater is increased, thereby improving the ability to quickly cycle load of the coal-fired power generating unit. According to the present invention, the problems such as insufficient flexibility and low-load operation capacity are able to be solved when the coal-fired power generating unit participates in peak shaving.