Method for the production of an insulating profile

Abstract

A method for producing insulating profiles comprises manufacturing a profile body and a first functional element separately, and the profile body and the first functional element are supplied to an ultrasonic welding device, wherein the profile body and the functional element are connected to one another by a material bond by formation of a welded joint. The profile body and the functional element are brought together into a predetermined first cross-sectional geometry during formation of the welded joint and are thereafter guided in this cross-sectional geometry until the plastics material of the welded joint solidifies to such an extent that the profile body and the first functional element are fixed in the predetermined cross-sectional geometry.

Claims

1. A method for the production of an insulating profile, wherein the insulating profile comprises an insulating bar manufactured from a first polymer material which comprises a profile body as well as a first functional element that extend in the longitudinal direction of the insulating profile, wherein the first functional element is connected in a contact region to the insulating bar by a material bond, wherein, in a first step, both the profile body and the first functional element are each manufactured and provided separately, wherein, in a second step downstream thereof, the profile body and the first functional element are supplied in the longitudinal direction of the insulating bar that is to be formed to an ultrasonic welding device in which the profile body and the functional element are connected to one another by a material bond by the formation of a welded joining, wherein the ultrasonic welding device comprises a welding zone that is equipped with a sonotrode, wherein the sonotrode has a recess in which the functional element is guided during the formation of the welded joining, and wherein, during the formation of the welded joining, the profile body and the functional element are brought together into a predetermined first cross-sectional geometry as seen perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction and thereafter are guided with the predetermined first cross-sectional geometry or, if applicable, with a predetermined second cross-sectional geometry that differs from the first cross-sectional geometry, as seen perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction, until the plastics material of the welded joining has solidified to such an extent that the profile body and the first functional element are fixed with the predetermined cross-sectional geometry.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the profile body and/or the first functional element are provided in the form of a continuous material or in lengths.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first functional element is manufactured with one or more fusible element(s) which extends/extend in the form of a projection away from a surface of the contact region of the first functional element.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic welding process is carried out as a near field welding process, wherein the sonotrode has a direct contact with the first functional element.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the welding zone has a length of approximately 5 cm to approximately 50 cm and comprises more than one sonotrode if necessary.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in the welding zone, the sonotrode(s) adopts/adopt different angular positions relative to the profile body taken with reference to the longitudinal direction, wherein the angular positions vary continuously and/or in step-like manner and the spacing of the sonotrode(s) with respect to the surface of the insulating bar is thereby decreased in the throughput direction.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the welding zone comprises at least one static sonotrode.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first functional element is formed in the contact region with a shoulder which is in contact with the sonotrode or the sonotrodes in the region of the welding zone.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the insulating profile is advanced in the longitudinal direction in the welding zone at a speed of approx. 5 m/min or more.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the sonotrode is formed with a slot-like or slit-like recess in such a way as to form two end regions of the sonotrode which are arranged in parallel and which are in contact with the contact region of the first functional element during the formation of the welded joining.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the functional element is formed with one or more projections that are in the form of energy directors in the contact region that is to be connected to the profile body.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein, neighboring the projection or the projections, the functional element is provided with one or more stop elements which defines/define the cross-sectional geometry that is to be obtained when the functional element and the profile body are brought together.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the materially bonded connection between the first functional element(s) and the profile body is effected along the longitudinal direction of the insulating profile continuously, in sections or in point-like manner.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) These and further advantages of the invention will be explained in more detail in the following with the aid of the drawings. These show in detail:

(2) FIG. 1 a first embodiment of an insulating profile produced in accordance with the invention;

(3) FIGS. 2A and 2B two further variants of the first embodiment of the insulating profile produced in accordance with the invention;

(4) FIG. 3 a further variant of the first embodiment of the insulating profiles in accordance with the invention;

(5) FIGS. 4 and 5 different exemplary variants of the production of insulating profiles in accordance with the invention;

(6) FIG. 6 a further variant of an insulating profile produced in accordance with the invention;

(7) FIGS. 7A and 7B schematic illustrations of sonotrodes that are to be used in accordance with the invention;

(8) FIG. 8 a first variant of an ultrasonic welding device that is to be used in accordance with the invention;

(9) FIGS. 9 to 11 further variants of ultrasonic welding devices that are to be used in accordance with the invention;

(10) FIGS. 12A and 12B an embodiment of the ultrasonic welding device in accordance with FIG. 8 in the form of a perspective illustration as well as sectional views of different sections of the device;

(11) FIG. 13 a schematic illustration of a method in accordance with the invention for the production of an insulating profile in accordance with the invention;

(12) FIG. 14 several variants of functional elements;

(13) FIGS. 15 to 17 further variants of functional elements for the production in accordance with the invention of insulating profiles including a micrograph of a connection by means of a material bond; and

(14) FIG. 18 a variant of a testing device for insulating profiles for the determination of the strength of a functional element adjoined in accordance with the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(15) FIG. 1 shows schematically a first embodiment of an insulating profile 10 produced in accordance with the invention which is based on an insulating bar 12 with a planar profile body 14. Rim sections 16, 18 which are in the form of so-called roll-in heads are adjoined to the profile body 14. The insulating bar 12 is manufactured from a first polymer material.

(16) The rim sections 16, 18 run in the longitudinal direction of the insulating profile 10 in accordance with the invention and are formed at the outer edges of the profile body 14 which are spaced transversely to the longitudinal direction. The production of such insulating bars 12 from a polymer material with a high degree of accuracy of the cross-sectional geometry and high linearity in one extruding step is economically possible without a great deal of expenditure. The extruding tools required for the process are of little complexity and are also available relatively economically.

(17) When processing the insulating profile in accordance with the invention in the form of metal-plastics composite profiles, the rim sections 16, 18 designed as roll-in heads can be pushed into corresponding slots of the metal profiles and be connected thereto in shear resistant manner if necessary in the course of a so-called roll-in step.

(18) Moreover, the rim sections 16, 18 may comprise a groove 20 into which a so-called fusible wire (not shown) can be laid. Preferably, the fusible wire is held in the groove 20 in positive-fitting and/or force fitting manner. After the production of the roll-in connection, the fusible wire can be activated by a heating process, e.g., during a powder-coating firing process, for the purposes of further securing the shear-resistant connection of the insulating profile to the metal profile.

(19) Furthermore, the insulating profile 10 comprises a separately manufactured first strip-like functional element 22 which can be connected to the profile body 14 by a material bond by means of an ultrasonic welding process in accordance with the invention. In this exemplary embodiment, the first functional element 22 is manufactured from a second polymer material which can be identical to the first polymer material or different therefrom. For the materially bonded connection, it is important that in the case of the use of different polymer materials these be compatible with one another. Numerous examples of mutually compatible polymer materials are to be found inter alia in the Saechtling Kunststoff Taschenbuch, 30th Edition, ISBN 978-3-446-40352-9, pages 739 and 740 (Table 8.5 and Table 8.6).

(20) Suitable above all, are combinations which are qualified in Table 8.5 as “mixable or compatible with one another” or are characterized by the symbols “+” and “O” in Table 8.6.

(21) For the purposes of simplifying the materially bonded connection, the first functional element 22 is formed at one its boundary regions with a contact region 24 which has a T-shaped form in this embodiment so that shoulders 26 protrude on both sides of the functional element 22, the function of these shoulders will be described in more detail in the context of the description of the ultrasonic welding process in accordance with the invention in conjunction with both FIGS. 2A and 2B as well as with FIG. 7A.

(22) Economical manufacturing methods for manufacturing the first functional element 22 are also at the disposal of the person skilled in the art, for example the extrusion process in the event that the first functional element is made from a polymer material. Likewise, the functional element can come from a sheet material of large surface area (e.g., a blown film, calendared plate or foil) which is then suitably cut, punched and/or reshaped. The contact region can also be added to a planar base body for example by an extrusion joining process.

(23) Variants of insulating profiles 30 or 40 in accordance with the invention are shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, wherein the respective planar profile body 14 of the insulating bar 12 is again connected substantially centrically relative to its transverse direction to a first strip-like functional element 32 or 42 in accordance with the invention by a material bond by means of an ultrasonic welding process.

(24) The first functional elements 32 and 42 of the insulating profiles 30, 40 are each manufactured separately from the insulating bar 12 or its profile body 14 and are subsequently connected to the insulating bar 12 or its profile body 14 in accordance with the invention by a material bond by means of an ultrasonic welding process.

(25) In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2A, the first functional element 32 is again produced from a polymer material which is compatible if not identical with the polymer material of the profile body 14.

(26) The first functional element 32 has a contact region 34 at one of its boundary regions which is L-shaped and is formed with a projection 36 that is of triangular shape in cross section. This projection 36 of the contact region 34 functions during the ultrasonic welding process as a so-called energy director which melts and is compressed during the process of connecting the functional element 32 (fusible element) by means of a material bond.

(27) The first functional element 42 of the insulating profile 40 of FIG. 2B can be produced from a material which does not need to be compatible with the first polymer material of the insulating bar 12 and in particular, could even be a ceramic or metallic material, e.g., in the form of a metal strip or a punched metal sheet.

(28) For the purposes of the materially bonded connection to the insulating bar 12, the first functional element 42 has a contact region 44 that is constructed with an L-shape and is provided with a projection 46 which consists of a second polymer material that is compatible with the first polymer material.

(29) During the process of connecting the first functional element 42 to the profile body 14 by a material bond, the projection 46 is melted and compressed.

(30) The projection 46 which again functions as a so-called energy director during the ultrasonic welding process is connected to the contact region 44 of the first functional element by a material bond and/or in positively-fitting manner.

(31) The connection of the contact region of the first functional elements 22, 32 and 42 to the profile body 14 by a material bond is effected in each case without any addition of auxiliary material.

(32) The connection between the insulating bar 12 or its profile body and the first functional elements 22, 32 or 42 can, in accordance with the invention, be produced continuously or with predetermined and in particular regular spacings (point-like or in sectional manner).

(33) The stability of the connection between the insulating bar 12 and the first functional element 22, 32 or 42 must frequently be merely that which is required for the insulating profile 10, 30 or 40 to reliably retain its shape during the transportation and processing actions up to the metal-plastics composite profile, since, in the assembled state, the first functional element 22, 32 or 42 shown in FIG. 1A as well as 2A and 2B frequently does not have to accommodate any forces and for example, only serves for suppressing convection currents in the interior of a metal-plastics composite profile. Functional elements of this type which are also known as flags typically project by some centimeters from the surface of the insulating bar.

(34) FIG. 3 shows further variants of first functional elements in comparison with the functional element 32 used in FIG. 2A.

(35) The first functional element 52 has a slightly cranked contact region 54 the point 56 of which is formed as a projection which can melt during the ultrasonic welding process and be compressed during the formation of the connection to the associated insulating bar by means of a material bond.

(36) The first functional element 62 of FIG. 3 has a T-shaped configuration in its contact region 64 upon which two projections 66, 67 serving as energy directors are formed. This type of contact region has the advantage that the smelt developing during the ultrasonic welding process can, at least for the most part, be accommodated in the gap between the projections and so an optically attractive welded connection between the first functional element and the associated profile body can be formed. In addition, the contact area being formed can thereby be enlarged if so wished.

(37) Additionally hereby, the energy input of a sonotrode is led directly and in particular linearly, from the shoulders to the points of the fusible elements which results in improved efficiency when carrying out the process.

(38) Based on the example of the first functional elements 72 and 82, it is intended to demonstrate that, in accordance with the invention, even more complexly constructed first functional elements can be used whereby here too, the contact regions 74 and 84 are also provided with respective projections 76 and 86 which are melted and compressed during the ultrasonic welding process for the purposes of forming a materially connection.

(39) FIG. 4 shows further possible variations in regard to the first functional element compared with the insulating profile 10 of FIG. 1.

(40) In the variant of the insulating profile 90 of FIG. 4, a first functional element 96 of semicircular cross section is connected to a profile body 94 of an insulating bar 92 by a material bond by means of ultrasonic welding.

(41) In the case of the insulating profile 100 shown in FIG. 4, a first functional element 106 of substantially U-shaped to V-shaped cross section is connected to a profile body 104 of an insulating bar 102 by a material bond by means of ultrasonic welding.

(42) It is clear that for the variants 90 and 100 of the first functional elements, sonotrodes which are matched geometrically to the cross section of the functional elements must be used so that despite the protruding functional zones of these elements a satisfactory welded joining is attainable.

(43) FIG. 5 shows further variants of insulating profiles 110, 120 and 130 produced in accordance with the invention wherein, in accordance with the invention, first functional elements 112, 122 and 132 are connected to the respective profile bodies 114, 124 and 134 by a material bond. Thereby, the respective first functional elements 112, 122 and 132 have at their respective free ends a T-shape, an arrow shape or take the form of a spike (so-called noses or short flags)

(44) Moreover, the profile body 134 is cranked at its boundary regions which are provided with roll-in heads. The roll-in heads of the insulating profiles 110, 120, 130 are each provided with grooves (in a similar manner to those shown in FIG. 1) which accommodate a respective so-called fusible wire 116, 126 and 136 in positive-fitting manner.

(45) FIG. 6 shows an insulating profile in the form of a facade spacer 150 having an insulating bar 152 of meandering shape which has a rim section in the form of an anchorage projection 154 at one end of its profile body 156. The insulating bar 152 is typically manufactured in one-piece in an extrusion step and can, within the framework of the present invention, be provided with one or more functional elements. In the example of FIG. 6, a U-shaped holding profile 158 serving as the first functional element is connected to the profile body 156 by a material bond. The functional element 158 has an accommodating groove 160 in its U-shaped cross section which is bounded on both sides by a respective projection 162. The projections 162 each comprise at their free ends a latching projection that is directed towards the interior of the groove 160.

(46) The holding profile 158 can for example accommodate and fix sealing elements, e.g., in the form of sealing lips, and can be attached to the profile body 156 of the insulating bar 150 by a material bond at one or more positions. Self-evidently, the functional elements (here, the holding profile 158) can not only be placed on just one side of the facade spacer 150, but also on the mutually oppositely located sides thereof and can be connected by a material bond to the profile body 156.

(47) FIG. 7A shows a sonotrode 170 having a slot-like or slit-like recess that is usable with the method in accordance with the invention and which is held at the upper end 172 thereof in an ultrasonic welding device (not shown). Likewise not shown, is the requisite counter piece (anvil) at the lower surface of the insulating bar 12 upon which the latter abuts and over which the insulating bar is fed or pulled during the welding process. The aspect ratio of the slot or slit width b to the height h will preferably amount to approx. 5 or more. First functional elements the extent of which perpendicularly to the surface of the insulating bar is sufficient can also be processed therewith in order to function as so-called flags. Surprisingly, such a large aspect ratio does not noticeably impair the functionality of the sonotrode.

(48) Adjoining the upper end 172 is the lower end 174 of the sonotrode 170 that is formed with a slot or slit-like recess 176 in which—as shown in FIG. 7A—a first functional element, here a functional element 22, is accommodated substantially entirely up to its contact region 24 in the recess 176.

(49) The wall elements 178, 179 bounding the recess 176 at the lower end 174 of the sonotrode 170 end at the upper side of the contact region 24 of the first functional element 22. The positioning of the sonotrode 170 is effected in such a way that, in the presently shown portion of the welding device, the energy-injector 28 of the first functional element 22 is located in physical contact with the insulating bar 12.

(50) A detail of the sonotrode 170 is shown in FIG. 7B wherein a first functional element 180 is entirely accommodated right up to its contact region 182 in the recess 176. Adjacent thereto, is shown a variant of a sonotrode 190 comprising a recess 192 which is of larger dimensions than the recess 176 and consequently can also accommodate first functional elements 194, 196 which, spaced away from their respective contact regions 198 and 199, have a different and more developed geometry than the first functional element 180.

(51) A first variant of a device 200 for carrying out the method in accordance with the invention for the production of insulating profiles is illustrated schematically in FIG. 8 and it comprises a first guidance zone 202 in which the separately produced elements of the insulating profile that are to be connected to one another, i.e., the insulating bar 12 on the one hand and the first functional element 22 on the other hand for example, are fed towards one another with a predetermined orientation by a first guidance device (not shown) of the subsequently arranged welding zone 204 and the ultrasonic welding device accommodated therein.

(52) Adjoining the welding zone 204, there is shown a holding zone 206 which conveys the components that were joined together and connected by a material bond in the welding zone 204 out from the welding zone 204 in the form of a finished insulating profile 10. A second guidance device (not shown) is placed in the holding zone 206 for this purpose.

(53) In FIG. 8, a sonotrode forming the welding zone 204 is arranged at an acute angle α with respect to the insulating bar 12, for example, at an angle of less than approx. 5° and in particular less than approx. 3° so that for the free ends of the sonotrode, between which is arranged the recess in which the first functional element is fed, the increased melting of the projections functioning as energy-injecting emitters on the contact region 24 of the first functional element 22 results in a closer approach to the surface of the insulating bar 12. This is illustrated schematically in the two sectional drawings (a) and (b) attached to FIG. 8. Due to this geometry, the material of the energy-injector 28 is continuously melted and, at the same time, compressed in such a way that it fills the cavities located between the shoulders 26 with the outflow of the smelt and forms a compressed region which is indicated by the reference symbol 29 in FIG. 8 in the Detail (b).

(54) FIG. 9 depicts a second variant of a device 220 for carrying out the method for the production of insulating profiles in accordance with the invention. Here, a first guidance device (not illustrated) by means of which the insulating bar 12 and the first functional element 22 are fed synchronously and preferably continuously to the fusion zone 224, which contains a sonotrode, is provided to a first guidance zone 222.

(55) The sonotrode 224 is formed parallel to the transportation path and the extent of the insulating bar 12, whereby however, the lower surface of the sonotrode 224 runs at an acute angle α with respect to the surface of the insulating bar 12 so that, upon passing through the welding zone 224, there results a geometrical approach of the first functional element 22 and its contact region 24 to the surface of the insulating bar 12. As seen in cross section, configurations as shown in FIGS. 8 (a) and (b) again result.

(56) Adjoining the welding zone 224, there is provided a holding zone 226 incorporating a second guidance device (not shown) which holds the elements of the insulating bar 12 and the first functional element 22 that are connected to one another by a material bond in the desired cross-sectional geometry so that the welding seam formed thereby can cool and in the end there will be obtained a manipulable insulating profile 10 having the desired geometry.

(57) A third variant of a device 240 for the production of an insulating profile in accordance with the invention is shown in FIG. 10 in which a first guidance device (not shown) is again used in the first guidance zone 242 in order to supply a first functional element of predetermined geometry with respect to the insulating bar 12 to a welding zone 244 (sonotrode).

(58) Here too, the sonotrode 244 is again directed horizontally but is formed with varying geometry on the lower surface thereof so that in turn, when passing through the welding zone 244, there results an approach of the first functional element to the insulating bar 12 as corresponds once again to the two illustrations of FIGS. 8 (a) and (b). Following the welding zone 244 in this variant too, provision is made in the holding zone 246 for a second holding device (not shown) which guides the combination of an insulating bar 12 and a first functional element in the form of an insulating profile 10 that are connected by a material bond and fixes it with the appropriate geometry until the welding seam cools off.

(59) A fourth variant of a device 260 for the production in accordance with the invention of an insulating profile is shown in FIG. 11 in which an insulating bar 12 as well as a first functional element are again supplied together in a predetermined geometrical arrangement relative to each other to a welding zone 264.

(60) In the case of this exemplary embodiment of a device 260 for carrying out the method in accordance with the invention, the welding zone 264 is divided into two sections that are formed by the two sonotrodes 265a and 265b.

(61) The sonotrode 265a is arranged to be substantially horizontal, i.e., to run to a large extent parallel to the direction of conveyance of the insulating bar 12 and the first functional element and, by inputting energy, ensures that the energy-injector of the first functional element is melted. In the second phase of the fusion zone 264, a shift in the position of the contact region of the first functional element with respect to the surface of the insulating bar 12 is achieved by means of a sonotrode 265b which is arranged at an angle α to the transportation direction of the insulating bar 12 so that, upon transference from the welding zone to a second guidance device (not shown) in a holding zone 266, the desired cross-sectional geometry of the insulating profile 264 that is to be produced is attained once again. The arrangement of an insulating bar 12 and a first functional element 22 before and after the welding process again corresponds to the two illustrations of FIGS. 8 (a) and (b).

(62) Even if in the course of the description of the methods in accordance with the invention in conjunction with FIGS. 8 to 11 it has always been assumed that the second guidance device in the respective holding zones 206, 226, 246, 266 ensures that the cross-sectional geometry 204, 224, 244, 264 obtained in the welding zone is retained until the welding seam has cooled down sufficiently and thereby hardened or solidified, it can quite easily be envisaged that a change of cross-sectional geometry will be produced in the second guidance device so that the first functional element 22 no longer protrudes perpendicularly from the insulating bar 12, as is shown in FIG. 8 (b), but is directed at an angle differing therefrom so that the welding seam then solidifies with an inclined configuration and hence a configuration of the insulating profile 12 and the first functional element 22 differing from the illustration in FIG. 8 (b) will be obtained.

(63) FIG. 12A depicts a device 300 for carrying out the method for the production of insulating profiles in accordance with the invention in the form of a perspective view. Here, the first and the second guidance device for the guidance zone and the holding zone are now also illustrated.

(64) The device comprises a first guidance device 302 in the form of a matrix in which the insulating bar 12 and the first functional elements 22 being supplied to the device 300 are held in a predetermined geometry relative to each other and are conveyed in the direction towards the following welding zone 304. The relative arrangement of the insulating bar 12 and the first functional element 22 in this phase is shown in the sectional views (a) and (b) from which it is also apparent that, in the case of the first guidance device 302, there is provided a slit-like recess 310 in which the first functional element 22 is guided.

(65) Preferably, in the case of this recess 310 of the first guidance device 302, the contact region 24 of the first functional element 22 is, for the most part, also accommodated by the recess 310 whilst the contact region 24 is gradually brought closer to the upper surface of the insulating bar 12.

(66) In the fusion zone 304 following the first guidance device 302 which corresponds to a sonotrode in the region (c) to (d), the first functional element 22 is fed into a recess 312 of the sonotrode 304, but nevertheless, with the difference here that the contact region 24 of the first functional element 22 is located outside of the body of the sonotrode 304 so that an unhindered approach of the contact region 24 to the surface of the insulating bar 12 can be effected whilst compressing the energy director simultaneously with the continuous input of ultrasonic welding energy, as is shown in the cross-sectional Illustration (d) at the end of the welding zone 304.

(67) Following the welding zone 304, the insulating bar 12 that is connected to the first functional element 22 by a material bond is guided in a second guidance device 306 with the desired final cross-sectional geometry. Here once more, the guidance device 306 is also provided with a recess 314 which substantially accommodates the first functional element 22.

(68) As shown here, the body of the guidance device 306 can be a rigid matrix, but equally, it could also be realized differently, for example, in the form of pressing rollers

(69) Finally, following its withdrawal from the second guidance device 306, the insulating profile 10 is taken over by a conveyer device 308 and pulled out of the device.

(70) The transference of the joining partners from the guidance zone to the welding zone in the region (b)-(c) as well as the transference of the insulating profile from the welding zone to the holding zone in the region (d)-(e) can be effected over short distances of just a few millimeters or a few centimeters without special guidance or be transferred unguided, e.g., by means of air gaps.

(71) The individual processing steps are illustrated once more in FIG. 13 in the form of a flow chart, wherein the expression joining partner 1 and 2 stands for the insulating bar 12 and the first functional element 22 respectively.

(72) The typical parameters for the process of carrying out the method in accordance with the invention can be outlined as follows:

(73) A feed-through speed or else a withdrawal speed of the finished insulating profile 10 typically lies within the range of approx. 10 m/min or more, whereby significantly higher values are also realizable, e.g., of approx. 15 m/min or more, or approx. 30 m/min or more.

(74) The durations of the periods for which the profiles dwell in the welding zone that are predetermined by the aforementioned withdrawal speeds are heavily dependent on the material and the geometry and typically amount to approx. 0.2 to approx. 0.6 seconds. If a higher energy input should be necessary, then one can work with somewhat lower withdrawal speeds (thus resulting in a greater duration in a zone) so that, upon passing through the welding zone, a higher input of energy (taken with reference to the unit of length of a welding seam) can take place. In general, with significantly higher withdrawal speeds, an extension of the welding zone becomes necessary, for example by adding further sonotrodes, something that typically can easily be realized however by the method in accordance with the invention, as is also apparent for example from the perspective illustration of FIG. 12A.

(75) The merging of the insulating bar and the first functional element is preferably effected by the feed motion on the one hand and the geometrical approach of the two components, the insulating bar 12 and the first functional element 22 on the other hand, whereby the force with which the two components are pressed against each other is given by the material properties, the predetermined withdrawal speed, the height of the fusible element and the geometrical contour of the sonotrode in the direction of travel of the profile. Due to the predetermined position of a static sonotrode or the geometrical contour thereof in the direction of travel of the profile, there is realized a so-called “path-controlled welding” process, to which, in accordance with the invention, preference is given compared with force-controlled welding since the tolerances can then be held within closer limits.

(76) The duration of the pressing process, i.e., the period for which the insulating profile connected by a material bond is guided and stabilized by the second guidance device, is conceived on the basis of the time which is required in order to let the welding seam solidify and so make the product as such manipulable. Typically here, durations of approx. 0.2 to approx. 1 second are sufficient since the plasticizing process is locally very limited and the amount of heat that has to be removed thereby can be kept relatively small.

(77) The contact region of the first functional element is shown once more and is discussed in a broad palette of different configurations in the following FIGS. 14 to 17.

(78) In the first place (Illustration (a)), FIG. 14 shows the contact region 182 of the first functional element 180 as has already been discussed in the context of FIG. 7B. In the Illustration (b) of FIG. 14, there is shown a first functional element 340 having a contact region 342 which is formed with two protruding projections 344, 346 which both function as energy directors and which define therebetween a cavity 348 in which at least a part of the resulting smelt of the material of the energy directors 344, 346 can be accommodated during the welding process.

(79) The Illustration (c) of FIG. 14 shows a first functional element 360 with a contact region 362 at the free end of which are formed four projections 364 which have a triangular cross section and function as energy directors and which form three cavities therebetween in which melted material of the contact region 362 can be accommodated during the welding process.

(80) For comparison, the Illustration (d) of FIG. 14 again depicts the first functional element 22 with the contact region 24 and the energy director 28 in the form of a triangle-shaped projection that is arranged in the contact region. To expand, the contact region 24 has—compared with the embodiment depicted in the Illustration (a) of FIG. 14—two further projections 27 which each form a stop and which define the relative position or the cross-sectional geometry of the insulating profile that is to be obtained during the formation of the welded connection.

(81) Here too, a cavity volume is again provided underneath the shoulders 26 on both sides of the energy director 28 in which the melted material thereof can be accommodated during the ultrasonic welding process so that an optically attractive connection between the first functional element 22 and an associated insulating bar can be obtained. The cavity volume is bounded on both sides by the stop elements 27.

(82) The Illustration (e) of FIG. 14 shows a further alternative of a first functional element 400 in which a contact region 402 is equipped with a projection 404 having a triangle-shaped cross section that serves as an energy director. The cross-sectional area of this energy director 104 is smaller than that of the energy director 28 of Illustration (d) or else of the energy director 344, 346 of Illustration (b) of FIG. 14.

(83) Typically here, due to the smaller volumetric fraction that can be compressed during the welding process, a hollow volume does not necessarily have to be provided for accommodating the smelt, but rather, the smelt will distribute itself substantially evenly over the lower surface of the contact region 402 of the first functional element 400. Hereby, the ensuing smelt volume is smaller, but the energy required thereby in order to plasticize the volume also sinks and the welding process can thus proceed with a greater feed speed.

(84) In a similar way, in illustration (f) of FIG. 14 wherein the first functional element 410 and the contact region 412 thereof that is shown there is conceived in such a way that the volume of the energy director 414 is smaller by virtue of a smaller cross-sectional format and so care has been taken that the liquefied fusion material of the energy director 414 cannot emerge laterally of the contact region 412. Moreover, the energy director 414 is also arranged on a conically shaped surface structure 416 of the contact region 412 so that a volume between the contact region 412 and the surface of the insulating bar (not shown here) remains on both sides of the energy director 414 following the melting thereof, said volume being able to accommodate the smelt of the material of the energy director 414 in problem-free manner.

(85) A slightly modified variant thereof is shown in the illustration (g) of FIG. 14 on the basis of a first functional element 420 in which the contact region 422 beside the energy director 424 is likewise equipped with a conical structure 426, whereby here, the cross section of the energy director 424 is kept still smaller than that in the illustration (0 so that the ensuing smelt volumes will remain between the contact region 422 and a surface of the insulating bar (not shown) with a higher degree of certainty here. Thereby, the plateau of the conical structure 426 functions as a kind of stop element.

(86) In the case of the geometries of the respective contact regions 412 and 422 shown in Figures (f) and (g), it is also conceivable that the conical projections 416, 426 be designed such that, subsequent to the plasticizing process in the joining zone, the geometry ensuing from the passage through the welding zone will be altered again whilst still in the hot plasticized state in a subsequently located step—for example in an appropriately formed second guidance device—in such a manner that an inclination of the first functional element 410, 420 with respect to the surface of the insulating bar (here not shown) that deviates from the perpendicular is obtained.

(87) FIG. 15 likewise shows a plurality of variants of the contact regions of the first functional elements commencing from the variant of a contact region 342 that has already been shown in Illustration (b) of FIG. 14. In a contact region of this type, the contact surfaces for the sonotrode formed by the shoulders 350 are arranged substantially orthogonally with respect to the plane for the introduction of force and enable secure and defined guidance of the first functional elements within the region of the fusion zone.

(88) In the case of the variant of the Illustration (b) of FIG. 15, the first functional element 440 comprises a contact region 442 in which the shoulders form contact areas for the sonotrode which adopt an obtuse angle with respect to the plane for the introduction of force. Such an arrangement of the contact region stabilizes the geometry of the contact region on the one hand, especially during the introduction of large forces via the sonotrode, but on the other hand require an adjustment of the sonotrode so that the regions which are in contact with the shoulders and which introduce force into the contact region maintain their geometry to an adequate degree during the welding process and ensure a targeted introduction of force.

(89) The latter problem in particular is countered by the arrangement of the contact region 462 of the first functional element 460 in which the contact areas formed by the shoulders 464 are at an acute angle with respect to the plane for the introduction of force. Here, a process of centering of the sonotrode tips which come into contact with the contact areas takes place so that the configuration thereof provides a larger degree of constructional free-play but nevertheless enables a secure, targeted and defined introduction of force.

(90) One layout of the sonotrodes for the purposes of an optimal introduction of force is possible in that the aforementioned angle (or angles) of the shoulder (or shoulders) of a functional element are emulated in a corresponding manner in the shape of the sonotrodes. However, it is important hereby to pay general attention to the adequacy of the oscillatory behavior of the sonotrode.

(91) In the further variants of a contact region of the first functional elements, the geometries of the projections of the contact regions forming the energy directors are varied and are again illustrated compared with the embodiment of the first functional element 340 (Illustration (a)).

(92) The variant of a first functional element 480 shown in the Illustration (d) of FIG. 15 comprises two projections 484 and 486 having tips that are directed slightly away from one another in the contact region 482 thereof. An adequate volume 488 for accommodating the smelt during the ultrasonic welding process remains between the projections 484 and 486, whilst moreover, the geometry of the projections imposes a preference for the flow of smelt to be towards the volume 488. The tendency for the smelt to visibly flow out laterally from the contact region in unwanted manner is further decreased thereby compared with the variant of Illustration (a) of FIG. 15.

(93) A still stronger effect for controlling the flow of the smelt toward the predetermined volume between the projections is obtained in the configuration of a first functional element 500 in accordance with Illustration (e) of FIG. 15. In the case of this first functional element 500, the projections 504, 506 of the contact region 502 are curved towards each other and partially enclose the volume 508 between the projections.

(94) Another aspect of the configuration of the contact region of a first functional element will be discussed in conjunction with FIGS. 16A and 16B. Compared with the exemplary embodiment (a) which corresponds to the embodiment of FIG. 14 (a), the embodiments of the Illustrations (b), (c) and (d) are each equipped in the contact region with a volume for the accommodation of smelt which is preferably dimensioned to be approx. 5 to approx. 50% greater than the smelt volume resulting from the welding process that has to be displaced. It is further preferred that the volume be approx. 5 to 30% greater, for example 20% greater.

(95) In the Illustration (b) of FIG. 16A, there is shown a first functional element 520 which has a contact region 522 arranged in a T-shape in which a centrally arranged projection 524 serving as an energy director and having a substantially triangle-shaped cross section is formed. In the contact region 524, volumes 526, 528 (illustrated by hatching) which can accommodate the portions of the polymer material of the projection 524 that are to be displaced during the ultrasonic welding process are provided on the sides of the projection on both sides

(96) In the exemplary embodiment (c) of FIG. 16A, the first functional element 540 has a T-shaped contact region 542 in which a single projection 544 likewise functions as an energy director. Once again, there are provided on both sides of the projection 544 recesses 546, 548 which can accommodate the volumes of smelt that develop during the ultrasonic welding process and which are to be displaced. The volumes 546, 548 are significantly larger than the volumes 526, 528 of the embodiment shown in Illustration (b), whereby however, for the same dimensioning of the contact region, significantly smaller wall thicknesses having a correspondingly lower strength remain when using identical polymer materials in the T-shaped structure.

(97) For the purposes of further comparison, the first functional element 340 of FIG. 15 (a) is shown as Illustration (d) in which the volume 348 for accommodating smelt is arranged between two projections 344, 346 running in parallel. Here, the volume 348 is dimensioned to be somewhat smaller than that in the embodiment of Illustration (b), although the mechanical stability of the contact region 342 of the first functional element 340 is higher than that of the first functional element 520. Since here, as is also the case for variant 180 for example, there are no designated stop boundaries, the smelt volume that is produced depends on the height of the smelt. For this reason, accurate control of the smelt height, e.g., by path-controlled processing of the welding process, is wise in this and similarly configured cases.

(98) Finally, in the micrograph of FIG. 16B, there is shown a particularly preferred embodiment of a first functional element 560 together with a graphical illustration thereof. In the micrograph, it is apparent how the smelt of the polymer material of the projections 564, 566 is accommodated by the volume 568 which is dimensioned such as to be greater than the anticipated smelt volume. In addition, besides the projections 564, 566, there are provided groove-like recesses 570 which can accommodate small smelt volumes that are possibly emerging laterally and thus ensure that an optically optimal result of the connection of the first functional element and the insulating bar connected thereto by a material bond will be obtained.

(99) The groove-like recesses 570 are bounded on the outer faces of the contact region 562 by rib-like projections 576 which each form a stop element so that the first functional element 560 can be brought into a defined position and alignment with respect to the surface of the insulating bar (not shown). In addition, an unintentional excessive deformation of the contact region 562 is thereby prevented.

(100) In the case of this first functional element 560, apart from a high mechanical stability of the contact region 562 including its shoulders 572, 574, a comparatively large volume is provided for accommodating the smelt and in addition care is being taken to ensure that little or no fractions of smelt of the polymer material of the projections 564, 566 are able to visibly emerge laterally

(101) The considerations for the conception of a contact region of a first functional element are illustrated once more in FIG. 17.

(102) Serving as a reference, the first functional element 180 with its contact region 182 is shown once again as Illustration (c).

(103) In the case of the variants (a) and (b) of the first functional elements 580, 600, respective volumes 586, 588 and 606, 608 of comparable size are provided on both sides of the projections 584, 604 in the respective T-shaped contact regions 582 and 602 incorporating the projections 584 and 604. In the embodiment of the first functional element 600, the weakening of the shoulders 610 is taken into account by a larger height h shoulder of these parts of the contact region 602 so that the shoulders of the contact region 602 of the first functional element 600 can be loaded in a similar way to the shoulders of the contact region 182 of the first functional element 180. In the case of the first functional element 580, care has to be taken to ensure that here only much smaller forces may be applied in the region of the shoulders 590 in order to prevent deformation of or even damage to the contact region 582. In the two embodiments of a first functional element 580, 600 shown in the form of Illustrations (a) and (b) in FIG. 17, the lateral projections which limit the volumes for the accommodation of the smelt also function at the same time as stop elements.

(104) It has already been pointed out in the context of the description of different embodiments of the insulating profiles in accordance with the invention that the contact zone which is formed by the connection of an insulating bar and a first functional element by means of a material bond can be formed of various sizes depending upon the application or purpose of the insulating profiles in accordance with the invention. In any case, it is important hereby that adequate mechanical strength of the connection between the insulating bar and the first functional element be obtained so that the insulating profile in accordance with the invention can be handled and processed securely.

(105) For the purposes of characterizing the strength of the connection and of the mechanical load-bearing capacity entailed thereby, a test which will be described in greater detail in the context of FIG. 18 is suitable.

(106) FIG. 18 shows a testing device 800 which can be used in a conventional universal test equipment for determining the tensile load limits of components.

(107) The exemplary testing device 800 is arranged for simple profiles with perpendicularly protruding flags; in this case, a tensile force is applied to the flag perpendicularly to the profile body during a test. However, it is also possible to configure the testing devices for other profile geometries and, if necessary, to also consider differing effective directions for the introduction of force insofar as this is useful for obtaining information about the joint zone and the quality of the connection of the joining partners.

(108) The testing device 800 comprises an upper test piece seating 802 as well as a lower test piece seating 804. In the upper test piece seating 802, there is formed a split test piece mounting 806 on which an insulating profile 10 in accordance with the invention (e.g., in the form of an insulating profile carefully cut to length serving as a test piece having a length of from 20 mm to 50 mm) with its insulating bar 12 can be placed, whereby its first functional element 22 can pass through a gap between the two parts of the test piece mounting 806. The illustration of the insulating profile 10 in FIG. 18 is somewhat simplified and does not show all the details that are to be seen in FIG. 1.

(109) The lower test piece seating 804 comprises a pair of clamping jaws 808 in which a section of the first functional element 22 can be clamped.

(110) During the tensile testing process, a continuously increasing force is applied to the joining zone 28 of the insulating profile 10 in the direction of the arrows K1 and K2 until separation of the first functional element from the insulating bar 12 is effected. The parameters of the tensile testing process can be adapted in order to obtain results that are appropriate to the materials; usually, this tensile testing process is effected at a speed of 1 mm/min, 5 mm/min or 10 mm/min. The force determined at the point of failure of the test piece is then standardized to the length of the sample body of the insulating profile. Hereby, it must be ensured during the measurement that the joint zone that is to be examined is loaded over its full area and in a meaningful direction, e.g., by normal force. Insulating profiles in accordance with the invention then exhibit rigidities of approx. 2 N/mm or more, preferably approx. 5 N/mm or more, particularly preferred approx. 10 N/mm or more.

(111) In many of the above exemplary embodiments of insulating profiles in accordance with the invention, strip-like, planar so-called flags are employed as first functional elements. While first functional elements of this type are employed in a variety of manners, they can however, be exchanged if necessary for substantially more complex structured first functional elements.

(112) In like manner, the profile body of the insulating bar itself can be of arbitrary complexity. Many previously known profile geometries from the state of the art and in particular profiles already available commercially can serve as a basis in order to be equipped in accordance with the method in accordance with the invention with further functional elements.