Dome Toe Resurfacing System

Abstract

An innovative dome toe resurfacing system for performing metatarsophalangeal joint replacement is disclosed. The present invention comprises a prosthetic implant for metatarsophalangeal joint, and one or more cone extensions that covers portions of the prosthesis that extends into the metatarsal bone and phalanx bone. The cone extensions include a plurality of ridges that will catch bone on insertion and provide a press fit. The present invention also includes a cone and cup reaming system wherein one or more reamers will ream a cone/cup shape for the articular surfaces, and prepare the metatarsal and phalangeal canals for the insertion of the cone extensions. The cone extensions have ends that fit the reamed cone/cup shape wherein the cone/cup shape resembles the natural anatomy of articular surfaces of metatarsophalangeal joint.

Claims

1. A dome toe resurfacing system for metatarsophalangeal joint replacement comprising: an elastomeric prosthetic implant; a first cone extension, and a second cone extension; the elastomeric prosthetic implant comprises a middle element, a first protrusion and a second protrusion, wherein the first protrusion and the second protrusion are located on opposite side of the middle element; the first cone extension comprises a first top cover, a first hollow column of substantially square shape connected to the first top cover having a first canal extending along the centerline of the first column wherein the first column includes one or more rounded corners and one or more ridges located at the rounded corners transverse to the longitudinal length of the first column; the first top cover comprises a concave undersurface configured to cap an end of a metatarsal bone that joins a phalanx bone, and a dome-shape top surface wherein the dome-shape top surface includes a concave surface near the center of the first top cover and along a diagonal line of the first column of substantially square shape; the contour of the dome-shape top surface mimics the natural anatomy of articular surface of the metatarsal bone; the second cone extension comprises a second top cover, a second hollow column of substantially square shape connected to the second top cover having a second canal extending along the centerline of the second column wherein the second column includes one or more rounded corners and one or more ridges located at the rounded corners transverse to the longitudinal length of the second column; the second top cover comprises a concave undersurface configured to cap an end of the phalanx bone that joins the metatarsal bone, and a concave top surface; the contour of the concave top surface mimics the natural anatomy of articular surface of the phalanx bone; the first protrusion of the elastomeric prosthetic implant is adapted to fit inside the first canal of the first cone extension; and the second protrusion of the elastomeric prosthetic implant is adapted to fit inside the second canal of the second cone extension.

2. The dome toe resurfacing system of claim 1 wherein the first cone extension and second cone extension are made from titanium.

3. The dome toe resurfacing system of claim 1 wherein the first hallow column of the first cone extension further comprises a distal end having bottom portion enclosing the distal end of the first hallow column.

4. The dome toe resurfacing system of claim 1 wherein the second hallow column of the second cone extension further comprises a distal end having bottom portion enclosing the distal end of the second hallow column.

5. The dome toe resurfacing system of claim 1 further comprising a first reamer wherein the first reamer comprises a cannulated shaft, a head portion having one or more protruding prongs extending in the direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the cannulated shaft for reaming the surface of the metatarsal bone, and a flat-top cross protrusion extending in the direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the cannulated shaft wherein the flat-top cross protrusion is configured to ream a first hole at the end of the metatarsal bone that joins the phalanx bone wherein the first hole is sized to fit for insertion of the first column of the first cone extension such that the first top cover caps the end of the metatarsal bone that joins the phalanx bone.

6. The dome toe resurfacing system of claim 1 further comprising a second reamer wherein the second reamer comprises a cannulated shaft, a head portion having one or more prongs that bulge outwardly in the direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the cannulated shaft in a substantially semi-elliptical form for reaming the surface of the phalanx bone, and a flat-top cross protrusion extending in the direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the cannulated shaft wherein the flat-top cross protrusion is configured to ream a second hole at the end of the phalanx bone that joins the metatarsal bone wherein the second hole is sized to fit for insertion of the second column of the second cone extension such that the second top cover caps the end of the phalanx bone that joins the metatarsal bone.

7. The dome toe resurfacing system of claim 5 wherein the one or more ridges of the first cone extension, upon insertion into the first hole, grip the metatarsal bone and enable press-fit into the metatarsal bone.

8. The dome toe resurfacing system of claim 6 wherein the one or more ridges of the second cone extension, upon insertion into the second hole, grip the phalanx bone and enable press-fit into the phalanx bone.

9. A method for practicing a dome toe resurfacing system for metatarsophalangeal joint replacement comprising the steps of: (a) performing a dorsal incision over a metatarsophalangeal joint comprising a metatarsal bone and a phalanx bone; (b) performing soft tissue dissection and expose the metatarsophalangeal joint; (c) using a cannulated reamer to drill down the shaft of the metatarsal bone and insert a K wire down the shaft of the metatarsal bone; (d) using the cannulated reamer to prepare a dome shape canal in the metatarsal bone for receiving a first cone extension, and a cone shape canal in the phalanx bone for receiving a second extension; (e) preparing an elastomeric prosthetic implant comprising a middle element, a first protrusion and a second protrusion, wherein the first protrusion and the second protrusion are located on opposite side of the middle element; (f) inserting the first cone extension into the dome shape canal; (g) inserting the second cone extension into the cone shape canal; (h) inserting the elastomeric prosthetic implant between the metatarsal bone and the phalanx bone by inserting the first protrusion into the first cone extension and inserting the second protrusion into the second cone extension; and (i) performing closure of the dorsal incision.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] FIG. 1 is a top view of a first metatarsal bone and a phalanx bone anatomy;

[0027] FIG. 2 is a side view of the first metatarsal bone and phalanx bone anatomy described in FIG. 1 when the foot rests on a flat surface;

[0028] FIG. 3 is a side view of an embodiment of the present invention as implanted to a metatarsophalangeal joint;

[0029] FIG. 4 is a top side view of an embodiment of the present invention as implanted to a metatarsophalangeal joint;

[0030] FIG. 5 is a top view of an embodiment of the cone extension of the present invention;

[0031] FIG. 6 is a side view of the cone extension embodiment described in FIG. 5;

[0032] FIG. 7 is a cross-section view along line AC of the cone extension described in FIG. 5;

[0033] FIG. 8 is a cross-section view along line AB of the cone extension described in FIG. 57;

[0034] FIG. 9 is a top view of another embodiment of the cone extension of the present invention;

[0035] FIG. 10 is a side view of the cone extension embodiment described in FIG. 9;

[0036] FIG. 11 is a top view of the cone extension described in FIG. 9 with cross-section lines A and B shown;

[0037] FIG. 12 is a cross-section view along line B of the cone extension described in FIG. 11;

[0038] FIG. 13 is a cross-section view along line A of the cone extension described in FIG. 11;

[0039] FIG. 14 is a top view of another embodiment of the cone extension of the present invention with cross section lines AB and AD shown;

[0040] FIG. 15 is a cross section view along line AD of the cone extension described in FIG. 14;

[0041] FIG. 16 is a cross section view along line AB of the cone extension described in FIG. 14;

[0042] FIG. 17 is a top view of an embodiment of the reamer of the present invention;

[0043] FIG. 18 is a side view of the reamer described in FIG. 17;

[0044] FIG. 19 is a perspective view of the reamer described in FIG. 17;

[0045] FIG. 20 is another side view of the reamer described in FIG. 17;

[0046] FIG. 21 is a top view of another embodiment of the reamer of the present invention;

[0047] FIG. 22 is a side view of the reamer described in FIG. 21;

[0048] FIG. 23 is a perspective view of the reamer described in FIG. 21;

[0049] FIG. 24 is another side view of the reamer described in FIG. 21;

[0050] FIG. 25 is a cross-section view showing the reamer described in FIG. 19 on a metatarsal bone; and

[0051] FIG. 26 is a cross-section view showing the reamer described in FIG. 23 on a phalanx bone.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0052] The detailed description of exemplary embodiments herein makes reference to the accompanying drawings and figures, which show the exemplary embodiments by way of illustration and best mode. While these exemplary embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be realized and that logical changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the detailed description herein is presented for purposes of illustration only and not of limitation. Moreover, any reference to singular includes plural embodiments, and any reference to more than one component may include a singular embodiment.

[0053] FIGS. 1 and 2 describe top and side views of a first metatarsal bone 12 and a phalanx bone 14 anatomy of a human foot. As shown in FIG. 2, the first metatarsal bone 12 tilts slightly upward when the foot rests on a flat surface.

[0054] FIGS. 3 and 4 describe an embodiment of the present invention as implanted to a metatarsophalangeal joint. A cone extension 20 is implanted into a first metatarsal bone (M-Cone), and another cone extension 24 is implanted into a phalanx bone (P-Cone). The cone extensions 22, 24 are preferably made from rigid and durable material such as titanium. An elastomeric prosthesis 22, i.e., prosthetic implant, is inserted into a first metatarsal bone 12 and a phalanx bone 14 through the M-Cone 22 and P-Cone 24.

[0055] FIGS. 5 through 8 disclose details of M-cone 22. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the M-Cone comprises a generally dome shape top cover 32, a generally square column 34 with rounded corners 36 and a canal 38 at its center. One or more ridges 35 are located around each corner such that the ridges can grip the metatarsal bone and the M-Cone can press-fit into the metatarsal bone.

[0056] FIGS. 7 and 8 describe the interior of the M-Cone through cross-section views. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the dome shape top cover 32 includes a concave under surface such that the M-Cone, when implanted, essentially caps the end of the metatarsal bone that joins the phalanx bone. The top surface of the dome shape top cover 32 is concave near its center along the diagonal cross-section line AC (FIG. 7) while the top surface is convex along the cross-section line AB (FIG. 8). The contour of the top surface of the dome shape top cover 32 mimics the natural anatomy of articular surface of the metatarsal bone in order to reduce bone resection.

[0057] FIGS. 9 through 13 disclose details of P-cone 24. As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the P-Cone comprises a generally concave top cover 42, a generally square column 44 with rounded corners 46 and a canal 48 at its center. One or more ridges 45 are located around each corner such that the ridges can grip the phalanx bone and the P-Cone can press-fit into the phalanx bone.

[0058] FIGS. 12 and 13 describe the interior of the P-Cone through cross-section views. See also, FIG. 11 for locations of cross-sections. As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the concave top cover 42 includes a convex under surface such that the P-Cone, when implanted, essentially fits the end articular surface of the phalanx bone that joins the metatarsal bone. The contour of the top surface of the concave top cover 42 mimics the natural anatomy of articular surface of the phalanx bone in order to reduce bone resection.

[0059] FIGS. 14 through 16 disclose another embodiment of the M-Cone. In this embodiment, the distal end 52 of the column 36 is enclosed. The top surface of the dome shape top cover is concave near its center along the diagonal cross-section line AD (FIG. 15) while the top surface is convex along the cross-section line AB (FIG. 16). Similarly, the distal end of the P-Cone's column may also be enclosed.

[0060] FIGS. 17 through 20 disclose an embodiment of a reamer for the M-Cone of the present invention. The reamer will ream a metatarsal canal for the insertion of M-Cone. As shown in FIGS. 17 through 20, the reamer includes a cannulated shaft 70, and a head portion 71 arranged in a cross configuration wherein there is one protruding prong 72 at each end of the cross configuration and a flat-top cross protrusion 74 at the center of the cross configuration 71. As illustrated in FIG. 25, the prongs 72 reams the surface of a metatarsal bone, and the flat-top cross protrusion 74 reams a canal for the insertion of M-Cone. The cannulated shaft 70 includes a passage 76 that allows a K Wire 78 to pass through and reach the inner portion of the metatarsal bone.

[0061] FIGS. 21 through 24 disclose an embodiment of a reamer for the P-Cone of the present invention. The reamer will ream a phalangeal canal for the insertion of P-Cone. As shown in FIGS. 21 through 24, the reamer includes a cannulated shaft 80, and a head portion 81 arranged in a cross configuration wherein each end of the cross configuration 82 bulges outwardly in a semi-elliptical form. A flat-top cross protrusion 84 is located at the center of the cross configuration 81. As illustrated in FIG. 26, the cross end 82 reams the surface of a phalanx bone, and the flat-top cross protrusion 84 reams a canal for the insertion of P-Cone. The cannulated shaft 80 includes a passage 86 that allows a K Wire 88 to pass through and reach the inner portion of the metatarsal bone.

[0062] To practice the present invention, a dorsal incision is first made over a MTP joint. Soft tissue dissection down to the joint will be done and the joint will be exposed. The proximal phalanx will be plantarflexed to allow insertion of a K Wire (e.g., 0.062 K Wire) down the first metatarsal shaft. The dual function metatarsal cannulated reamers will be used to drill over the wire, preparing both a dome surface as well as a cone shaped canal in preparation to receive a prosthetic implant. With the proximal phalanx in the same position, a K Wire (e.g., 0.062 K Wire) is then placed down the canal of the phalanx, and dual function reamers are used here as well. A trial prosthesis may be placed into the joint and range of motion and fit are assessed. The surgeon should err on under reaming (taking less bone) and if the fit is too tight, more bone can be taken, usually from the metatarsal side. Once the fit of the trial prosthesis is satisfied, then the cone extensions will be placed in the metatarsal and phalanx. The silastic implant is then introduced. Copious irrigation follows with closure of the wound.

[0063] The previous description of the disclosed examples is provided to enable any person of ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosed method and apparatus. Various modifications to these examples will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the principles defined herein may be applied to other examples without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosed apparatus. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive and the scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the disclosed apparatus.