Grapevine Plant Named 'Errante Noir'

Abstract

A new and distinct variety of grapevine plant named Errante Noir, particularly selected for its high resistance to Pierce's disease, as well as quality of fruit and wines produced is disclosed.

Claims

1. A new and distinct variety of grapevine plant designated Errante Noir as shown and described herein.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] This new grapevine plant variety is illustrated by the accompanying photographs. The colors shown are as true as can be reasonably obtained by conventional photographic procedures. The photographs are of plants that are five to seven years old. Colors referred to are in reference to The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Charts Edition V.

[0012] FIG. 1 shows simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker data establishing a DNA fingerprint for Errante Noir with nine pure Vitis vinifera cultivars for comparison. Alleles for marker-assisted selection of the Xylella fastidiosa locus (PdR1) are shown in red.

[0013] FIG. 2 illustrates the upper surface of a leaf of grapevine plant variety Errante Noir.

[0014] FIG. 3 illustrates the lower surface of a leaf of grapevine plant variety Errante Noir.

[0015] FIG. 4 illustrates a section of a shoot tip of grapevine plant variety Errante Noir.

[0016] FIG. 5 illustrates clusters of berries of grapevine plant variety Errante Noir.

[0017] FIG. 6 illustrates a plant of grapevine plant variety Errante Noir.

DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following is a detailed description of the new grapevine plant variety designated as Errante Noir, including the key differentiating characteristics of this variety and comparisons of characteristics of Errante Noir to other grapevine varieties. Unless otherwise indicated, evaluation data were taken from five to seven-year-old plants, grown in Davis, Calif. [0019] Classification: [0020] Family.Vitaceae. [0021] Botanical name.Vitis vinifera L. [0022] Common name.Grapevine. [0023] Variety name.Errante Noir. [0024] Parentage: [0025] Female parent.07371-19 (unpatented). [0026] Male parent.Sylvaner (unpatented). [0027] Plant: [0028] Berries.Medium, spherical, purple black with grey bloom. [0029] Clusters.Large, long conical, well-filled, can be double. [0030] Leaves.Five-lobed cuneiform in outline, relatively deep cylindrical lateral sinuses and u-shaped petiolar sinus, short rounded teeth on leaf margin, glabrous adaxial leaf surface, short sparse tomentum on the abaxial surface, petioles red purple with color diffusing into the main veins. [0031] Shoot tips.Erect, green white with white shoot tip. [0032] Production.Mid-season bloom and ripening period, highly productive. [0033] Method of propagation.Vegetative propagation via woody or herbaceous cuttings, or budding and grafting to rootstock. Errante Noir has been asexually reproduced since June 2009 at greenhouses at Orchard Park Dr. in Davis, Calif. from herbaceous cuttings. Any rootstock can be used with the variety. Most often it will be grown on rootstocks that resist grape phylloxera and/or nematodes. In testing, selections were evaluated grafted on 1103P rootstock, which is not patented. It was chosen for ease of propagation and because it is widely used in California. The variety has been grafted on many other rootstocks for testing in field trials as well.

[0034] Errante Noir has the highest form of resistance to X. fastidiosa coupled with the highest wine quality of any PD resistant wine grape yet produced. Errante Noir is selected for very high resistance, not the more commonly found tolerance, to prevent the production of host plants capable of further spreading PD to surrounding vineyards.

[0035] Errante Noir has a very strong PD resistance and the highest wine quality of any currently used PD resistant wine grape. PD is one of the few diseases that kill susceptible grapevines. Two most popular PD resistant wine grape varieties, Blanc du Bois and Lenoir (Lenoir is also known as Black Spanish or Jacquez), were used as controls or standards in all testing so that the wine quality and resistance of the candidate variety could be compared to available PD resistant varieties used across the southern United States. It is noted that Blanc du Bois and Lenoir have relatively poor wine quality and are tolerant, not resistant, to PD. Neither Blanc du Bois nor Lenoir are patented.

[0036] Errante Noir has far better PD resistance and wine quality when compared with Blanc du Bois and Lenoir. In other words, Errante Noir combines very strong resistance to X. fastidiosa with the wine quality of internationally acclaimed wine grape cultivars. Errante Noir was selected as a variety that exhibits high resistance to X. fastidiosa and V. vinifera-like wine quality. The data presented below are intended to further characterize Errante Noir. The appearance of Errante Noir is illustrated in FIGS. 2-6, and further characteristics of Errante Noir are shown in Tables 1-8.

[0037] FIG. 1 presents the DNA fingerprinting profile for Errante Noir and nine pure Vitis vinifera cultivars for comparison with the standard set of internationally agreed-upon genetic markers. This SSR fingerprinting profile can be used for DNA-based identification.

[0038] Table 1 presents typical phenological data for Errante Noir. These data are for 2016, but the ranking of the selections in regard to an early cultivar (Pinot noir) and a late cultivar (Cabernet Sauvignon) have been typical over years. In general, Errante Noir is phenologically mid-season. Based upon the percentage of V. vinifera in the present variety and the data regarding its parents, the variety is expected to grow in USDA Hardiness Zone 6-7.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Average phenological states for Errante Noir. Cabernet Sauvignon (late) and Pinot noir (early) are included as comparisons. 50% 50% Cultivar Budbreak bloom veraison 24 Brix Errante Noir 3/22 5/7 7/17 8/23 Cabernet Sauvignon 3/24 5/7 7/21 8/30 Pinot Noir 3/10 4/30 7/9 8/9

[0039] Table 2 presents the average cluster and berry data for Errante Noir and averaged over multiple years.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Average cluster and berry sizes of Errante Noir and its comparison varieties. Data are averages over multiple years. Number Avg. t-test Avg. t-test of Cluster Cluster Berry Berry Genotype Years Wt. (g) Wt. Wt. (g) Wt. Clusters Errante Noir 5 329 a 1.3 abc Well-filled Blanc du Bois 6 148 d 1.5 a Well-filled Cabernet Sauvignon 6 132 d 1.2 c Loose to well-filled Chardonnay 6 196 cd 1.5 ab Well-filled to compact Lenoir 6 157 d 1.3 bc Loose

[0040] Table 3 presents the average yield per vine data taken over 2016 to 2018.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Average production data for Errante Noir and its comparison varieties. Data are averages from three years (2016 to 2018). Avg. Yield/ Std. Number Vine Dev. of Genotype (kg) (kg) t-test Years Errante Noir 10.5 4.5 a 3 Blanc du Bois 12.7 1.8 a 3 Cabernet Sauvignon 10.9 1.8 a 3 Chardonnay' 10.9 3.2 a 3 Lenoir 20.0 6.8 b 3

[0041] Mean berry juice data were also taken and Table 4 presents this data over a five-year period between 2014 and 2018. These values are consistent with cultivars that produce high quality wines.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Average juice data for Errante Noir and its comparison varieties. Data are averages from five years (2014 to 2018). Avg. Avg. titra- L- t-test t-test table t-test malic t-test Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. acidity Avg. acid Avg. Genotype Brix Brix pH pH (g/L) TA (g/L) MA Errante Noir 25.4 b 3.69 bc 5.7 cde 2.6 b Blanc du Bois 23.5 c 3.58 bc 5.2 de 2.3 bcd Cabernet 25.8 b 3.74 abc 5.2 de 1.9 bcd Sauvignon Chardonnay 23.3 cd 3.68 bc 5.9 cd 2.4 bc Lenoir 21.3 e 3.96 a 9.1 a 4.5 a

[0042] Xylella fastidiosa susceptibility data are presented in Table 5, which presents the levels of X. fastidiosa in relationship to tolerant (Blanc du Bois and to a lesser extent, Lenoir) and susceptible (Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon) cultivars. These are also mean data from repeated testing over seasons and greenhouses. Because of the high variation in greenhouse conditions, at least four standards (bio-controls) were always used: b43-17, Blanc du Bois, Lenoir, and Chardonnay (and occasionally other V. vinifera cultivars), which allows the data to be compared across greenhouses, tests and seasons. These varieties tend to be very consistent in the amounts of bacteria they support as well as the severity of their disease expression. The cut-off between resistant and susceptible is usually between 75,000 and 250,000 colony forming units per milliliter (cfu/ml).

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Xylella fastidiosa concentrations based on ELISA readings and converted to colony forming units (cfu/ml). Vitis arizonica b43-17 is the source of resistance in the breeding program. Number Geometric Least of Mean Sq. Std. Times Cultivar cfu/ml t-test Mean Error Tested b43-17 12423 a 9.4 0.2 11 Errante Noir 78958 b 11.3 0.4 4 Blanc du Bois 859096 c 13.7 0.2 11 Lenoir 2421748 d 14.7 0.6 2 Chardonnay 5197228 d 15.5 0.2 11 Cabernet Sauvignon 6582993 d 15.7 0.8 1

[0043] Table 6 presents the phenotype of Errante Noir. The variety has normal hermaphroditic flowers and typical floral development as is found in commercial V. vinifera wine grapes.

TABLE-US-00006 Errante Noir Berry L, W 1.3 cm 1.4 cm Seed number, length 2 and width typical for V. vinifera wine grapes, but not measured Cluster L, W, 10.0 cm 23.5 cm 2 clusters/shoot Pruning weights 2.35 kg Trunk width at 30 cm 4.6 cm Trunk color and Rough shaggy bark texture 178D Woody shoots diameter 1.0 cm/4.5 cm above cluster/and internode length Woody shoot texture First year bark and color adheres but peels in strips in second year 164B Active shoot color, 142D internode color above N144C the cluster zone/cluster 1.0 cm/6.6 cm zone shoot diameter/internode length (shoots same size as woody canes in the cluster zone) Tendril length, diameter 10.5 cm Tendril color, Opposite 0.2 cm leaves and alternating 2 N144B nodes skip 2 nodes skip Seed color 165B #Berries/cluster 355 Berry color skin and 203C waxy bloom 190D Leaves L,W 24.0 cm 20.0 cm Leaf arrangement, leaf Alternate, palmate shape, and leaf color with 5 lobes Top/Bottom 141A/141D Petiole L, diameter, 12.5 cm texture 0.4 cm smooth Petiole color 70A Shoot tip color (first 143C opened leaf) Harvest date Aug. 20 Peduncle L, diam., 1.5 cm color, texture 0.5 cm N144B Smooth

Flower Descriptions

[0044] The floral buds and flower clusters are formed within the latent (dormant) bud in the year before flowering. As the pre-formed nodes on the compressed stems within the latent bud expand and the flower clusters begin developing and the individual flowers on the panicle begin forming. They are very small 2-4 mm and closer to 2 mm with wine grapes.

Berry Descriptions

[0045] The variety is not a slip-skin type grape. They have skin that adheres to the flesh tightly. They are not firm at ripeness and are soft compared to modern era table grapes at harvest. The pedicels have normal attachment to the berries and are not distinguishable from other V. vinifera wine grapes in this or other morphological features, nor in juice and wine analysis.

Fruit and Juice Parameters

[0046] YAN is yeast assimilable nitrogen and helps predict fermentation success. Seed color is rated as green to brown for mature seeds.

Leaf Descriptions

[0047] Cuneiform leaves with deep open lateral sinuses, open U shaped petiolar sinus, short rounded teeth, moderately dense tomentum on adaxial surface, red purple (70A) petioles with color that diffuses into the main veins

[0048] Table 7 presents the wine characteristics of Errante Noir.

TABLE-US-00007 Total L-malic YAN antho- TA acid Potassium (mg/L, Catechin Tannin cyanins Brix (g/L) pH (g/L) (mg/L ) as N) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Errante 27.0 5.0 3.74 1.9 2380 189 31 407 1638 Noir

[0049] Table 8 presents the juice, fruit and phenotypes of Errante Noir.

TABLE-US-00008 Skin Seed Seed Tannin Color Tannin Juice Juice Juice Skin (1 = low, (1 = gr, Seed (1 = high, Hue Intensity Flavor Flavor 4 = high) 4 = br) Flavor 4 = low) Errante red med cherry, black 4 4 woody, 1 Noir berry plum, bitter, spicy, metallic

[0050] Errante Noir has excellent PD resistance. However, it is highly susceptible to a wide range of pests and diseases in a manner similar to other V. vinifera cultivars, and thus it must be treated as a pure V. vinifera cultivars in terms of susceptibility to fungal diseases and pests. Errante Noir has no known tolerance to adverse weather. Plants observed were found to be true to type through successive generations of asexual reproductions.