Method and system for determining a characteristic of a rotating machine

Abstract

A rotating machine has a stationary portion, and a rotating portion. The stationary portion and the rotating portion having a fluid passage therebetween. The stationary portion comprising a first fluid channel, a well, and a second fluid channel spaced apart from the first fluid channel. The first fluid channel fluidically is coupled to receive fluid from the fluid passage. A sensor is coupled to the stationary portion and is disposed at the well.

Claims

1. A rotating machine comprising: a stationary portion; a rotating portion, the stationary portion and the rotating portion having a fluid passage therebetween; said stationary portion comprising a first fluid channel, a well, and a second fluid channel spaced apart from the first fluid channel, the first fluid channel, the well and the second fluid channel formed within the stationary portion outside of the rotating portion, said first fluid channel fluidically communicating fluid from the fluid passage to the well, said second fluid channel fluidically communicating fluid from the well to the fluid passage; and a sensor coupled to the stationary portion and disposed at the well.

2. The rotating machine as recited in claim 1 wherein the first fluid channel comprises a first inlet coupled to the fluid passage and a first outlet coupled to the well, and the second fluid channel comprises a second inlet coupled to the well and a second outlet coupled to the fluid passage.

3. The rotating machine as recited in claim 2 wherein a first pressure at the first inlet of the first fluid channel is higher than a second pressure at the second outlet of the second fluid channel.

4. The rotating machine as recited in claim 1 wherein the rotating portion comprises an impeller disposed on a shaft having a longitudinal axis, and wherein the first fluid channel is disposed a first distance from the longitudinal axis and the second fluid channel is disposed a second distance from the longitudinal axis greater than the first distance.

5. The rotating machine as recited in claim 4 wherein the impeller comprises a turbine impeller.

6. The rotating machine as recited in claim 1 wherein the first fluid channel and the second fluid channel are coupled to a pocket fluidically coupled to the fluid passage.

7. The rotating machine as recited in claim 6 wherein the pocket is disposed between an inner land and an outer land of a thrust bearing.

8. The rotating machine as recited in claim 1 wherein the stationary portion comprises a journal bearing and the rotating portion comprises a shaft.

9. The rotating machine as recited in claim 1 wherein the stationary portion comprises a journal bearing and the rotating portion comprises a shaft disposed between a pump impeller and a turbine impeller.

10. The rotating machine as recited in claim 1 wherein the stationary portion comprises a thrust bearing and the rotating portion comprises a turbine impeller.

11. The rotating machine as recited in claim 1 wherein the sensor comprises a temperature sensor.

12. The rotating machine as recited in claim 1 wherein the sensor comprises a particulate sensor.

13. A turbocharger comprising: the rotating machine of claim 1; wherein the stationary portion comprises an inner land and an outer land; and wherein the rotating portion comprises a turbine impeller.

14. A system comprising: a turbocharger as recited in claim 13; a valve; and a controller receiving a temperature signal from the sensor controlling the valve in response to the temperature signal.

15. A turbocharger comprising: the rotating machine of claim 1; wherein the stationary portion comprises a journal bearing; and wherein the rotating portion comprises a shaft disposed between a turbine impeller and a pump impeller.

16. The turbocharger of claim 15 wherein the first fluid channel is located a first distance from the pump impeller and the second fluid channel is located a second distance from the pump impeller, said second distance greater than the first distance.

17. A method of determining a sensed condition for a rotating machine comprising: communicating a fluid through a fluid passage between a rotating portion and a stationary portion of the rotating machine; communicating the fluid from the fluid passage to a well through a first fluid channel; communicating fluid from the well to the fluid passage through a second fluid channel, the first fluid channel, the well and the second fluid channel formed within the stationary portion outside of the rotating portion; and generating a sensor signal at a sensor operably coupled to the well corresponding to the sensed condition.

18. The method of claim 17 further comprising communicating the sensor signal to a controller and controlling a function in response to the sensor signal.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein controlling a function comprises controlling a valve.

20. The method of claim 18 wherein generating the sensor signal comprises generating a temperature signal and wherein the controller controls the function based on the temperature signal.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.

(2) FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a rotating machine according to the prior art.

(3) FIG. 2 is a cross-section view of a turbine impeller and shaft according to the present disclosure.

(4) FIG. 3 is a second embodiment of a rotor shaft adjacent to a journal bearing.

(5) FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a second example of a rotor shaft and journal bearing according to the present disclosure.

(6) FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for operating a rotating machine.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(7) The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, application, or uses. For purposes of clarity, the same reference numbers will be used in the drawings to identify similar elements. As used herein, the phrase at least one of A, B, and C should be construed to mean a logical (A or B or C), using a non-exclusive logical or. It should be understood that steps within a method may be executed in different order without altering the principles of the present disclosure.

(8) In the examples below, turbochargers are used as energy recovery devices that use energy in a turbine portion to pressurize fluid at a pump portion. Thus, the energy from the fluid in the turbine stream is recovered.

(9) Referring now to FIG. 2, a partial rotor shaft 28 coupled to the turbine impeller 24 for an improved rotating machine 10 is set forth. Axial thrust in the direction of the axis of the rotor shaft 28 indicated by arrow 44 is resisted by lubricating fluid in a gap 46 between the thrust bearing 40 and the shroud of the turbine impeller 24. In particular, the thrust bearing 40 has an inner land 48 and an outer land 50 that is adjacent to the shroud surface 52 and have the gap 46 therebetween. That is, the inner land 48 and the outer land 50 are coplanar and parallel to the shroud surface 52. A pocket 54 extends axially into the thrust bearing 40. That is, the pocket 54 extends in a direction away from the shroud surface 52. The pocket 54 holds fluid that provides lubrication to the gap 46 between the shroud surface 52 and the inner land 48 and the outer land 50. During operation, a differential pressure gradient is formed within the pocket 54. The pocket 54 has a higher pressure radially outwardly and a lower pressure radially inwardly. That is, a static pressure gradient increases between the inner land 48 and the outer land 50 within the pocket 54.

(10) A well 60 is disposed within the thrust bearing 40. The well 60 is fluidically coupled to the pocket 54 through a first fluid channel 62 and a second fluid channel 64. The arrows within the first fluid channel 62 and the second fluid channel indicate the direction of fluid flow. Because a greater pressure is developed at the pocket 54 near the first fluid channel 62, fluid flows from the pocket 54 to the well 60 through the first fluid channel 62. Fluid flows from 60 to the pocket 54 through the second fluid channel 64. The first fluid channel 62 has a first inlet 62A at the pocket 54 and a first outlet 62B. The second fluid channel 64 has a first inlet 64A and a first outlet 64B. Fluid from the pocket 54 moves from the inlet 62A to the outlet 62B of the first fluid channel 62. The fluid at the first outlet 62B of the first fluid 62 enters the thermal well 60. The higher pressure of the fluid forces the fluid toward the first inlet 64A of the second fluid channel 64 and through the first fluid channel 64 toward the first outlet 64B of the second fluid channel 64.

(11) A sensor 70 is disposed within the well 60. The sensor 70 receives a continuous flow of fluid from the pocket 54 generated by the rotation of the turbine impeller 24. By way of example, the sensor 70 may be a temperature sensor or a particulate sensor. Any temperature increase or particles caused by a breakdown of the fluid between the inner land 48 and the outer land 50 relative to the turbine impeller 24 is detected rapidly. In one constructed embodiment, less than 1 second was required for detecting an increase in temperature at the sensor 70. The sensor 70 may be located a distance from the pocket 54 because the fluid flow is very rapid and may exceed 2-3 feet per second.

(12) A controller 74 is coupled to the sensor 70. The controller 74 may be microprocessor based. The controller 74 is used for controlling various aspects of a process 76 or valves 78 in response to the sensor 70. That is, the controller 74 receives the sensor signal from the sensor 70 and may change the operation of the process 76 or the valves 78. In particular, valves 78 may be closed to stop the operation of the rotating machine such as the turbocharger 10. Of course, the controller 74 may change various conditions of operation to rapidly shutdown the turbocharger to prevent damage thereto. This will prolong the life of the turbocharger.

(13) The process 76 may include controlling the power to a motor or other electrical components. The valves may be electrically controlled valves that may be turned off in response to the temperature signal from the temperature sensor 70.

(14) Referring now to FIG. 3, the pump impeller 22, the turbine impeller 24 and the rotor shaft 28 are illustrated relative to a modified journal bearing 30 of a rotating machine 10. The journal bearing 30 has a first fluid channel 62 and a second fluid channel 64. A fluid passage 80 is disposed between the rotor shaft 28 and the modified journal bearing 30. The fluid adjacent to the pump impeller 22 is higher than the fluid pressure adjacent the turbine impeller 24. Thus, fluid flows through the fluid passage 80 from the pump portion 14 of the rotating machine 10 to the turbine portion 16. The outer housing 12 of the rotating machine is not shown for simplicity. A well 60 connects the first fluid channel 62 and the second fluid channel 64. The sensor 70 is located at least partially within the well 60 so that the temperature of the fluid flowing from the first fluid channel 62 to the second fluid channel 65 through the thermal well 60 is illustrated. The fluid flowing through the thermal well 60 may be controlled with an orifice 82. That is, should the amount of fluid traveling through the thermal well 60 between the first fluid channel 62 and the second fluid channel 64 be too great, the orifice 82 may restrict the flow therethrough. The orifice 82 may be controllable to vary during the operation of the rotating machine 10. As is illustrated in FIG. 3, the first fluid channel 62 and the second fluid channel 64 are disposed relatively far apart. That is, the first fluid channel 62 is located close to the pump impeller 22 and the second fluid channel 64 is located close to the turbine impeller 24.

(15) Referring now to FIG. 4, the location of the first fluid channel 62 is moved closer to the turbine impeller 24 in the rotary machine 10. This allows a greater distance of the journal bearing 30 to be monitored during operations. The location D of the first fluid channel 62 may be located as close to the second fluid channel 64 as will permit a sufficient differential pressure between the first fluid channel 62 and the second fluid channel 64 to induce the movement of fluid through the thermal wells 60. The closer the first fluid channel 62 is to the second fluid channel 64, the greater the monitored distance of the journal bearing 30.

(16) As mentioned above, the sensor 70 may be a temperature sensor, a particulate sensor or another type of sensor. A particulate sensor measures the debris or containments in the lubricant. Of course, a temperature sensor and particulate sensor may be used together within the thermal well 60. Another type of sensor may also monitor changes to the fluid to detect failure.

(17) Referring now to FIG. 5, a method of operating the rotating machine is set forth. In step 510, fluid is communicated in a fluid passage between a rotating portion and a stationary portion of a rotating machine. In step 512, fluid is communicated to a well through a first fluid channel. In step 514, fluid is communicated from the well to the fluid passage through a second fluid channel. In step 516, a sensor within the well generates a signal characteristic of a change of the fluid within the well such as temperature or particulates. In step 518, a function is controlled in response to the sensor signal. When the signal is a temperature signal, valves or other types of process control may be changed. As mentioned above, the sensor may be something other than a temperature signal. That is, a particulate sensor may be used to sense particles within the fluid. A valve or other process may be changed in response to sensing particles in the lubricating fluid.

(18) Those skilled in the art can now appreciate from the foregoing description that the broad teachings of the disclosure can be implemented in a variety of forms. Therefore, while this disclosure includes particular examples, the true scope of the disclosure should not be so limited since other modifications will become apparent to the skilled practitioner upon a study of the drawings, the specification and the following claims.