Grapevine plant named ‘Ambulo Blanc’
PP032949 · 2021-04-06
Assignee
Inventors
- Michael Andrew Walker (Davis, CA, US)
- Alan C. Tenscher (Davis, CA, US)
- Summaira Riaz (Davis, CA, US)
- Ninfa Romero (Davis, CA, US)
Cpc classification
International classification
Abstract
A new and distinct variety of grapevine plant named Ambulo Blanc, particularly selected for its high resistance to Pierce's disease, as well as quality of fruit and wines produced is disclosed.
Claims
1. A new and distinct variety of grapevine plant designated Ambulo Blanc as shown and described herein.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) This new grapevine plant variety is illustrated by the accompanying photographs. The colors shown are as true as can be reasonably obtained by conventional photographic procedures. The photographs are of plants that are five to seven years old. Colors referred to are in reference to The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Charts Edition V.
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DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
(8) The following is a detailed description of the new grapevine plant variety designated as Ambulo Blanc, including the key differentiating characteristics of this variety and comparisons of characteristics of Ambulo Blanc to other grapevine varieties. Unless otherwise indicated, evaluation data were taken from five- to seven-year-old plants, grown in Davis, Calif. Classification: Family.Vitaceae. Botanical name.Vitis vinifera L. Common name.Grapevine. Variety name.Ambulo Blanc. Parentage: Female parent.07370-028 (unpatented). Male parent.Cabernet Sauvignon (unpatented) Note that Cabernet Sauvignon is a hermaphroditic cultivar and thus can be used as a maternal or paternal parent. Plant: Berries.Small to medium, spherical, green to yellow green, thin green/white bloom. Clusters.Medium to large, long conical, compact to well-filled. Leaves.Five-lobed, overlapping lobes with occasional teeth in the sinus, overlapping circular petiolar sinus, relatively short 2-ranked teeth on leaf margin, glabrous adaxial surface, short sparse tomentum on the abaxial surface, brown-red petioles, and color diffuses into the veins. Shoot tips.Erect green/white tomentum. Production.Early bloom and ripens early, highly productive. Method of propagation.Vegetative propagation via woody or herbaceous cuttings, or budding and grafting to rootstock. Ambulo Blanc has been asexually reproduced in Davis, Calif. Any rootstock can be used with the variety. Most often it will be grown on rootstocks that resist grape phylloxera and or nematodes. In testing, selections were evaluated grafted on 1103P rootstock which is not patented. It was chosen for ease of propagation and because it is widely used in CA. The variety has been grafted on many other rootstocks for testing in field trials as well.
(9) Ambulo Blanc has the highest form of resistance to X. fastidiosa coupled with the highest wine quality of any PD resistant wine grape yet produced. Ambulo Blanc is selected for very high resistance, not the more commonly found tolerance, to prevent the production of host plants capable of further spreading PD to surrounding vineyards.
(10) Ambulo Blanc has a very strong PD resistance and the highest wine quality of any currently used PD resistant wine grape. PD is one of the few diseases that kill susceptible grapevines. Two most popular PD resistant wine grape varieties, Blanc du Bois and Lenoir (Lenoir is also known as Black Spanish or Jacquez), were used as controls or standards in all testing so that the wine quality and resistance of the candidate variety could be compared to available PD resistant varieties used across the southern United States. It is noted that Blanc du Bois and Lenoir have relatively poor wine quality and are tolerant, not resistant, to PD. Neither Blanc du Bois nor Lenoir are patented.
(11) Ambulo Blanc has far better PD resistance and wine quality when compared with Blanc du Bois and Lenoir. In other words, Ambulo Blanc combines very strong resistance to X. fastidiosa with the wine quality of internationally acclaimed wine grape cultivars. Ambulo Blanc was selected as a variety that exhibits high resistance to X. fastidiosa and V. vinifera-like wine quality. The data presented below are intended to further characterize Ambulo Blanc. The appearance of Ambulo Blanc is illustrated in
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(13) Table 1 presents typical phenological data for Ambulo Blanc grown in vineyards. These data are for 2016, but the ranking of the selections in regard to an early cultivar (Pinot noir) and a late cultivar (Cabernet Sauvignon) have been typical over years. In general, Ambulo Blanc is phenologically mid-season. Based upon the percentage of V. vinifera in the present variety and the data regarding its parents, the variety is expected to grow in USDA Hardiness Zone 6-7. It is not expected to be drought tolerant.
(14) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Average phenological states for Ambulo Blanc. Cabernet Sauvignon (late) and Pinot noir (early) are included as comparisons. All data were taken from vineyards. 50% Cultivar Budbreak 50% bloom veraison 24 Brix Ambulo Blanc 3/17 5/1 7/17 8/16 Cabernet Sauvignon 3/24 5/7 7/21 8/30 Pinot Noir 3/10 4/30 7/9 8/9
(15) Table 2 presents the average cluster and berry data for Ambulo Blanc and averaged over multiple years.
(16) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Average cluster and berry sizes of Ambulo Blanc and its comparison varieties. Data are averages over multiple years. Avg. t-test Avg. t-test Number Cluster Cluster Berry Berry Genotype of Years Wt. (g) Wt. Wt. (g) Wt Clusters Ambulo 6 340 a 1.3 bc Well-filled Blanc to compact Blanc du 6 148 d 1.5 a Well-filled Bois Cabernet 6 132 d 1.2 c Loose to Sauvignon well-filled Chardonnay 6 196 cd 1.5 ab Well-filled to compact Lenoir 6 157 d 1.3 bc Loose
(17) Table 3 presents the average yield per vine data taken over 2016 to 2018.
(18) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Average production data for Ambulo Blanc and its comparison varieties. Data are averages from three years (2016 to 2018). Avg. Yield/ Std. Dev. Number Genotype Vine (kg) (kg) t-test of Years Ambulo Blanc 11.4 3.6 a 3 Blanc du Bois 12.7 1.8 a 3 Cabernet Sauvignon 10.9 1.8 a 3 Chardonnay 10.9 3.2 a 3 Lenoir 20.0 6.8 b 3
(19) Mean berry juice data were also taken and Table 4 presents this data over a five-year period between 2014 and 2018. These values are consistent with cultivars that produce high quality wines.
(20) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Average juice data for Ambulo Blanc and its comparison varieties. Data are averages from five years (2014 to 2018). t-test t-test Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Genotype Brix Brix pH pH Ambulo 23.7 c 3.66 bc Blanc Blanc du 23.5 c 3.58 bc Bois Cabernet 25.8 b 3.74 abc Sauvignon Chardonnay 23.3 cd 3.68 bc Lenoir 21.3 e 3.96 a Avg. Avg. L- titratable t-test malic t-test acidity Avg. acid Avg. Genotype (g/L) TA (g/L) MA Ambulo 7.0 b 4.5 a Blanc Blanc du 5.2 de 2.3 bcd Bois Cabernet 5.2 de 1.9 bcd Sauvignon Chardonnay 5.9 cd 2.4 bc Lenoir 9.1 a 4.5 a
(21) Xylella fastidiosa susceptibility data are presented in Table 5, which presents the levels of X. fastidiosa in relationship to tolerant (Blanc du Bois and to a lesser extent, Lenoir) and susceptible (Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon) cultivars. These are also mean data from repeated testing over seasons and greenhouses. Because of the high variation in greenhouse conditions, at least four standards (bio-controls) were always used: b43-17, Blanc du Bois, Lenoir, and Chardonnay (and occasionally other V. vinifera cultivars), which allows the data to be compared across greenhouses, tests and seasons. None of these varieties are patented. These varieties tend to be very consistent in the amounts of bacteria they support as well as the severity of their disease expression. The cut-off between resistant and susceptible is usually between 75,000 and 250,000 colony forming units per milliliter (cfu/ml).
(22) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Xylella fastidiosa concentrations based on ELISA readings and converted to colony forming units (cfu/ml). Vitis arizonica b43-17 is the source of resistance in the breeding program. Geometric Number Mean Least Sq. Std. of Times Cultivar cfu/ml t-test Mean Error Tested b43-17 12423 a 9.4 0.2 11 Ambulo Blanc 102893 b 11.5 0.3 5 Blanc du Bois 859096 c 13.7 0.2 11 Lenoir 2421748 d 14.7 0.6 2 Chardonnay 5197228 d 15.5 0.2 11 Cabernet Sauvignon 6582993 d 15.7 0.8 1
(23) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 shows phenotype of Ambulo Blanc. The variety has normal hermaphroditic flowers and typical floral development as is found in commercial V. vinifera wine grapes. Ambulo Blanc Berry size (L, W) 1.4 1.3 cm Berry weight, shape 1.0 g/round On average, two seeds 2 per berry. Seed number, length and width typical for V. vinifera wine grapes, but not measured Cluster #, L, W, 11.0 27.0 cm, shape, compactness, 2 long cylindrical clusters/shoot single to winged, well-filled to compact Yield kg 15.6 Pruning weights 2.8 kg Trunk width at 30 cm 3.8 cm Trunk color and Rough shaggy texture bark 178D Woody shoots 0.9 cm/5.3 cm diameter above cluster/ and internode length Woody shoot texture First year bark and color adheres but peels in strips in second year 164B Active shoot color, 142C internode color above 144C the cluster zone/ 0.9/5.3 cm cluster zone shoot diameter/internode length (shoots same size as woody canes in the cluster zone) Tendril length, 8.0 diameter 0.1 Tendril color, N144C Opposite leaves and alternating 2 nodes skip 2 nodes skip Seed color 165B Cluster size L, W 11.0 27.0 cm #Berries/cluster 452 Berry color skin and 144A waxy bloom 190D Berry flesh color 144A Leaves L, W 21.0 23.0 Leaf arrangement, Alternate, shape, and color palmate with 5 Top/Bottom lobes 143A/142B Petiole L, diameter, 14.0 texture 0.4 smooth Petiole color N77B Shoot tip color (first 144D opened leaf) Budbreak Mar. 15 Bloom date May 15 Harvest date Aug. 13 Peduncle L, diam., 5.5 color, texture 0.7 144B Smooth
Flower Descriptions
(24) The floral buds and flower clusters are formed with in the latent (dormant) bud in the year before flowering. As the pre-formed nodes on the compressed stems within the latent bud expand and the flower clusters begin developing and the individual flowers on the panicle begin forming. They are very small 2-4 mm and closer to 2 mm with wine grapes.
Berry Descriptions
(25) The variety is not a slip-skin type grape. They have skin that adheres to the flesh tightly. They are not firm at ripeness and are soft compared to modern era table grapes at harvest. The pedicels have normal attachment to the berries and are not distinguishable from other V. vinifera wine grapes in this or other morphological features, nor in juice and wine analysis.
Leaf Descriptions
(26) Rounded leaves with overlapping relatively shallow lateral sinuses, circular overlapping petiolar sinus, short sharp teeth, light tomentum, petioles with light red (N77B) color with limited diffusion into the main veins
Fruit and Juice Parameters
(27) YAN is yeast assimilable nitrogen and helps predict fermentation success. The white grapes have no tannin or anthocyanin values. Seed color is rated as green to brown for mature seeds.
(28) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 presents the wine characteristics of Ambulo Blanc YAN Bri TA L-malic Potassium (mg/L, x (g/L) pH acid (g/L) (mg/L ) as N) Ambulo 24.2 6.4 3.64 3.6 2160 223 Blanc
(29) TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 presents the juice, fruit and seed phenotype of Ambulo Blanc Juice Juice Juice Skin Hue Intensity Flavor Flavor Ambulo green- Lt Light pear, s1 neutral, Blanc yellow spice fruity, sl veg Skin Seed Seed Tannin Color Tannin (1 = low, (1 = gr, Seed (1 = high, 4 = high) 4 = br) Flavor 4 = low) Ambulo 1 4 buttery, s1 4 Blanc woody
(30) Ambulo Blanc has excellent PD resistance. However, it is highly susceptible to a wide range of pests and diseases in a manner similar to other V. vinifera cultivars, and thus it must be treated as a pure V. vinifera cultivar in terms of susceptibility to fungal diseases and pests. Ambulo Blanc has no known tolerance to adverse weather.