Abstract
SPF (spray polyurethane foam) insulation applied in a commercial or residential building is an amazing but costly construction product. One reason is that application of SPF insulation requires large investment capital equipment and a specialized crew for each job. The work is further made difficult because determination of the performance and quality characteristics of the performed work is subjective and still dependent on only primitive tools for normal routine examination. We worked to solve this problem by designing, building, and testing a portable measurement and evaluation system capable of reading any, and all SPF substrates with reliable accuracy and repeatability. With this tool, the applicator or inspector can now efficiently and accurately determine the performance and quality characteristics of the spray foam job and make smart strategic decisions on-demand. Using our system, the average applicator can improve his productivity by 15% per job, can reduce his chemical consumption by 10% per job and the improve overall quality metric of the job. Using our system, the average inspector can reduce the inspection time by 80% per job and can increase the accuracy of his inspection by 20% per job.
Claims
1. A portable wireless SPF substrate measurement and evaluation system comprising: a) an optical sensor capable of measuring a three-dimensional map, with data stream interface to an evaluation computer b) a portable computer with an end user interface c) an end user interface with a graphical user interface allowing for viewing and modification of evaluation data and parameters d) a software application configured to interpret the optical sensor data into usable geometric parameter data of the SPF substrate, such as but not limited to depth, area, texture for the purpose of evaluating performance and quality of substrate
2. The portable wireless SPF substrate measurement and evaluation system according to claim 1 where portable computer has a wireless interface to an acoustical sensor inserted into completed SPF substrate for the purpose of evaluation of acoustic signature of SPF curing process for the purpose of evaluating quality of substrate
3. The portable wireless SPF substrate measurement and evaluation system according to claim 1 where the portable computer has an interface to the SPF spray machine to simultaneously read data parameters such as chemical volume cycles, flow rates, pressures and temperatures for the purpose of combining this data with the substrate geometric parameter data to calculate and provide user information such as chemical material Yield
4. The portable wireless SPF substrate measurement and evaluation system according to claim 2 where the portable computer has a cellular data interface capable of importing and exporting data from an offsite support center database for the purpose of calculating and providing user with performance and quality information relating to the SPF substrate
5. The portable wireless SPF substrate measurement and evaluation system according to claim 3 where the offsite support center allows for a deep level evaluation and crew support using SPF machine data along with SPF optical sensor data to provide user with performance and quality improvement support and to record said data for reporting and archives
6. The portable wireless SPF substrate measurement and evaluation system according to claim 4 where the offsite support center has capability of sending SPF machine set parameter modifications summary allowing user to implement modifications manually or acknowledge automatic modifications of parameters to his SPF machine made by offsite support center
7. The portable wireless SPF substrate measurement and evaluation system comprising: a) a portable computer with integrated LIDAR capability and integrated end user interface b) a software application configured to interpret the optical sensor data into usable geometric parameter data of the SPF substrate, such as but not limited to depth, area, texture for the purpose of evaluating performance and quality of substrate c) a cellular interface allowing for upload of result data for purpose of reporting and archives
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0006] FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the components found typically in the dynamic measurement using the Smart Spray Foam Depth Sensor system.
[0007] FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the components found typically in the static measurement using the Smart Spray Foam Depth Sensor system.
[0008] FIG. 3 shows an example of a historic graph used to show depth variation of a previously scanned surface.
[0009] FIG. 4 shows a Smart respirator mask with built in display.
[0010] FIG. 5 shows the schematic block diagram of the components found typically in the dynamic measurement using the Smart Spray Foam Depth Sensor system.
[0011] FIG. 6 shows the schematic block diagram of the components found typically in the static measurement using the Smart Spray Foam Depth Sensor system.
[0012] FIG. 7 shows a typical applicator spraying polyurethane spray foam on a residential substrate.
[0013] FIG. 8 shows a typical closed cell polyurethane surface.
[0014] FIG. 9 shows a dimensional variation in a closed cell spray foam cross-section.
[0015] FIG. 10 shows a mechanical depth stick available on the market to measure depths of applied spray foam.
[0016] FIG. 11 shows three colored pins with varying lengths used as depth references when applying spray foam.
[0017] FIG. 12 shows a smart tablet with attached 3D scanning sensor.
[0018] FIG. 13 shows a structured light sensor built by Occipital Inc.
[0019] FIG. 14 shows an example of a software application on a mobile device.
[0020] FIG. 15 shows an example of a 3D scan process of a polyurethane foam surface.
[0021] FIG. 16 shows a user interface screen with resulting usable parameters.
[0022] FIG. 17 shows a scanned and saved surface map of a polyurethane spray foam surface.
[0023] FIG. 18 shows a mobile tablet with LIDAR technology.
[0024] FIG. 19 shows a graphical representation of key measurements used to derive usable parameters.
[0025] FIG. 20 shows an example of suspect SPF substrate exhibiting suspect color and surface variation.
[0026] FIG. 21 shows an example of suspect SPF substrate exhibiting shrinkage as identified through geometric variation.
[0027] FIG. 22 shows an example of a chemical drum set used in SPF application.
[0028] FIG. 23 shows an example of an SPF chemical kit.
[0029] FIG. 24 shows an example of an SPF machine more commonly known as a proportioner.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
[0030] The Smart Spray Foam Depth Sensor system consists of 3 main components: The 3D sensor, the software application, and the end-user-interface. The three (3) dimensional scanning sensor can use multiple technologies for its functionality. Most consumer-based 3D scanning sensors rely on one of five methods: photogrammetry, structured light, laser triangulation, RGB-D, or Time-of-Flight (ToF) technology. Each method has its plusses and minuses. In general, photogrammetry is fastest with lowest barrier to entry. Structured light and laser triangulation provide highest resolution and detail. RGB-D and ToF provide a good mix of speed and cost, although with lower resolution. One application using the ToF is LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging.) First used on the Apollo 15 mission in 1971 to map the surface of the moon, it is now found in some high-end mobile electronics such as tablets. In the said invention we chose to use a structured light sensor with integrated Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU.) Our software application integrates with the sensor functionality to read the data for the purpose of creating a three-dimensional mesh. Our software application written in Java with functions written in C++ continuously evaluates the scanned surface map (FIG. 19.) Using functions to communicate and retrieve data from the sensor, the application creates a three-dimensional mesh of coordinates and vertices. The application then evaluates this data to determine the reference planes of the current mesh. For practical purposes, we focus on two key planes: the plane of the stud framing structure and the plane of the virgin substrate structure. We then extract 3 key metrics types: reference points, surface variations and surface area. Using these key metrics, we calculate the usable parameters for the user. These usable parameters are foam mean depth (FMD), foam minimum depth (FmD) and surface area (SA.) One example calculation for FAD is (Known Stud dimension(reference pointaverage surface distance)). (FIG. 19) Therefore for a 26 stud with a reference point of 12 inches, an average surface distance of 14 inches and a maximum surface distance of 16 inches the resulting FMD is 3.5 inches. The FmD is 1.5 inches. We refer to the FMD as a performance metric of the SPF substrate. To give proper weight to each coordinate, our algorithm filters specific mesh points to be used in our calculations. For example, each area of the mesh as seen in a two-dimensional plane parallel to the reference plane, contains the same number of usable filtered coordinates regardless of how many coordinates exist in the three-dimensional mesh of each area. In a static method (for example as used by an inspector) FIG. 2, the three usable parameters are displayed onto the end user interface FIG. 16. Values begin to display upon START of scan, continue to update during scan and continue displaying final values upon STOP of scan. After STOP of scan, a historic graph is also shown to give user a variation of the total scan (FIG. 3.) In a dynamic method, both reference planes are used in the calculation of depth to improve accuracy. In the dynamic method, when the portable computer is equipped with an interface to the SPF machine, the portable computer application also calculates and displays the material Yield calculated based on the surface area in a two-dimensional plane parallel to the reference plane, the chemical volume consumed and the FMD. In both the dynamic and static methods, the surface texture of the mesh is analyzed for known geometric variations representative of suspect negative quality criteria such as shown in FIG. 20 and FIG. 21. This evaluation is most valuable in the dynamic method, where the SPF substrate is analyzed as it is changing between liquid phase, semi-solid phase, and solid phase. A key parameter where we focus is the expansion and contraction during this transition. Another option in the dynamic application is the use of a wireless acoustic sensor to capture and transmit in real time the acoustic signature of the SPF substrate during the curing process. This signature is analyzed against known acceptable and suspect acoustic signatures of similar chemical composition SPF applications. Resulting data from the optical and acoustic evaluation and received data from the SPF machine can be sent by the portable computer via cellular to the offsite support center (operations center.) The support center (SC) can be made up of a central computer capable of receiving data from multiple sprayers at multiple sites equipped with the evaluation system. The SC can also have support personnel. In some cases, the central computer can be capable of receiving data such as volumes, cycles, flow rates, temperatures, pressures, and ratios via cellular from the SPF machines in the field if machine is so configured. Using the evaluation system data and the SPF machine data, the central computer can evaluate the information against its extensive archives to advise the sprayer on possible concerns and improvements which can be made via parameter changes. The support personnel are also available to perform the same evaluation process as the central computer and/or to validate the findings of the central computer and report the information to the sprayer and portable computer electronically or through phone support when necessary. In some cases, the parameter improvement modifications from the SC can be acknowledged by the sprayer to be automatically sent to the SPF machine via local or cellular network. Similar scanning functionality can be achieved using other brands and types of scan sensors. Similar functionality can be achieved using other operating systems such as Android or Windows. Similar functionality can be achieved using iOS tablets, Android tablets, MS surface tablet or even laptop or desktop computers. In the case of the dynamic method, similar functionality can be achieved using a micro-display, other see-thru displays (i.e. Google Glass), or a projection display directly onto the face-shield.
ONE EXAMPLE OF INTENDED USE
[0031] Indented use is for each spray foam rig to contain a Smart Spray Foam Depth Sensor system. The sprayer can use the static system to verify that his work meets the average depth requirements and flag substrate quality concerns at the end of each job of applying spray foam insulation in residential and commercial buildings. Similarly, the sprayer can use the dynamic system installed inside a respirator mask to monitor the average depth of the foam that he is spraying in real time, as well as monitor possible substrate quality concerns identified by the system or by the offsite support center.
