WOVEN/KNITTED ARTICLE, MANUFACTURING METHOD, AND TEXTILE PRODUCT

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to obtain a fabric having superior water absorbency and sweat absorption/rapid drying while having anti-pilling qualities and a cotton-like texture. A woven/knitted article and a textile product material with good aesthetic properties and functionality, and good general physical properties are obtained which have anti-pilling qualities not obtained in conventional fabrics having a high synthetic fiber blend ratio, and functionality such as water absorbency, water absorption/rapid drying, and quick drying after laundering, which cannot be obtained in conventional cotton fabrics.

The present invention is a woven/knitted article comprising one or more fibers selected from synthetic fibers, regenerated fibers, and semisynthetic fibers, the woven/knitted article including a spun yarn, which contains mass % or more of an aliphatic polyamide short fiber A having a single-fiber fineness of 0.5 dtex to 5 dtex and a fiber length of 25 mm to 70 mm in the spun yarn, and having water absorbency evaluated using a falling-drop method of seconds or less; a method for manufacturing the woven/knitted article; and a textile product.

Claims

1. A woven/knitted article comprising one or more fibers selected from synthetic fibers, regenerated fibers, and semisynthetic fibers, the woven/knitted article including a spun yarn, which contains 30 mass % or more of an aliphatic polyamide short fiber A having a single-fiber fineness of 0.5 dtex to 5 dtex and a fiber length of 25 mm to 70 mm in the spun yarn, and having water absorbency evaluated using a falling-drop method of 10 seconds or less.

2. The woven/knitted article according to claim 1, wherein the spun yarn has a cotton count of 2 to 60.

3. The woven/knitted article according to claim 1, wherein a twist coefficient of the spun yarn is 3.5 to 5.

4. The woven/knitted article according to claim 1, wherein a basis weight is 50 to 600 g/m.sup.2.

5. The woven/knitted article according to claim 1, comprising a fiber B other than the aliphatic polyamide short fiber.

6. The woven/knitted article according to claim 5, wherein the fiber B is one or more selected from a polyester-based fiber and a polyurethane fiber.

7. The woven/knitted article according to claim 5, wherein the fiber B includes a modified cross-sectional fiber.

8. The woven/knitted article according to claim 5, wherein 20% or more of the fiber B is exposed on one surface of the woven/knitted article.

9. The woven/knitted article according to claim 5, wherein the fiber B includes a fiber having a color different from the color of the aliphatic polyamide short fiber.

10. The woven/knitted article according to claim 1, wherein the spun yarn is one or more spun yarns selected from a ring spun yarn or a compact spun yarn, a siro spun yarn, a siro-compact spun yarn, an MVS spun yarn, and an air spun yarn.

11. The woven/knitted article according to claim 1, wherein a surface has anti-pilling qualities of Grade 4 or higher in accordance with Method A of JIS L 1076 (2006).

12. The woven/knitted article according to claim 1, wherein a diffusive residual moisture ratio after 60 minutes is 40% or less before washing and after washing 10 times.

13. A textile product comprising the woven/knitted article according to claim 1.

14. A method for manufacturing the woven/knitted article according to claim 1, comprising a step of knitting and weaving a fiber including a spun yarn, which contains 30 mass % or more of an aliphatic polyamide short fiber having a single-fiber fineness of 0.5 to 5 dtex and a fiber length of 25 mm to 70 mm, wherein the method further satisfies the following (1) and/or (2), (1) the method includes a step of water absorption processing, and (2) the fiber includes a modified cross-sectional fiber.

15. The method for manufacturing the woven/knitted article according to claim 14, wherein the aliphatic polyamide short fiber has a raw stock elongation of 10% to 70%.

Description

EXAMPLES

[0100] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically by means of Examples; however, the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

[0101] Physical properties of the obtained woven article were evaluated by the following tests. [0102] Total fineness (cotton count) of fiber spun yarn:

[0103] The cotton count defined in JIS L1095 (2010 version 9.4.1) was measured and regarded as the total fineness. [0104] Single-fiber fineness:

[0105] The single-fiber fineness was measured and determined by a method defined in Method B of JIS L1015 (2010 version 8.5.1). [0106] Fiber length:

[0107] The fiber length was determined by a method defined in Method C of JIS L1015 (2010 version 8.4.1). [0108] Twist coefficient:

[0109] The twist coefficient was determined by the following formula (1) from the number of twists T per inch of a polyamide fiber spun yarn obtained by decomposing the woven/knitted article, which was calculated by an untwisting machine, and the total fineness D (1).

[0110] The twist coefficient was determined from the average value of ten samples.

T=KD (1)

[0111] where T is the number of twists per inch (2.54 cm) of the spun yarn, and D is the total fineness (yarn count) of the spun yarn. [0112] Basis weight The basis weight was determined by a method defined in Method A of JIS L1096 (2010). [0113] Exposure rate of fiber B

[0114] The exposure rate of the skin surface side (back surface) was obtained using a VHX-5000 digital microscope manufactured by KEYENCE CORPORATION. The luminance was adjusted so that the fiber A and the fiber B used form the woven/knitted article could be clearly distinguished, and the area of the fiber B was determined using an automatic area measuring function. The exposure rate was determined by the following formula.

Exposure rate (%)=Extracted total area (fiber B)/Total area of region [0115] Water absorbency (falling-drop method)

[0116] The measurement was made in accordance with JIS L1907 (2010). One drop of water is dropped from a position of 10 mm in height from the surface of a test piece, and the time from when the water droplet reaches the surface of the test piece to when the water droplet is completely absorbed is measured. As water, ion-exchanged water was used. [0117] Diffusive residual moisture ratio (KAKEN method)

[0118] The test piece is left to stand still in an atmosphere at 20 C.65% RH for 12 hours or longer, and then the mass (W0) of the test piece of 20 cm20 cm is measured. To the test piece, 0.3 g of pure water is added dropwise, and the test piece is left to stand still in an atmosphere at 20 C.65% RH for 60 minutes, and then the mass (W1) of the test piece is measured. The residual moisture ratio is calculated by the following formula, the average value of the measured values obtained by performing the same operation three times is rounded to an integer, and this value is regarded as the diffusive residual moisture ratio (%). As water, ion-exchanged water was used.

Residual moisture ratio (%)=(W1W0)0.3100 [0119] Washing method: C4M Method of JIS L 1930 (2014) 10 times Washing method hanging for drying [0120] Color bleeding

[0121] The color bleeding fastness was measured by the grade determination of the Daimaru method.

[0122] A sample was cut into a size of 2.5 cm in width x cm in length, and separately, a vertically long attached white cotton cloth prescribed in JIS was prepared, and stitched in an overlapping manner with a part of the sample.

[0123] A 0.5% non-ionic surfactant solution was placed in a container, and the lower end of the suspended test piece was immersed, left to stand still at room temperature for 2 hours, and then drawn up from the liquid. When the liquid sucked up to the middle of the test piece was dried and a trace remained, the trace became warpage, and the degree of contamination of this warpage portion was determined according to gray scale for assessing staining of JIS L 0805 (2005).

Pilling Test

[0124] Regarding the anti-pilling qualities, two sheets in each of the warp direction (or the wale direction) and the weft direction (course direction) were measured according to Method A (woven article: 10 hours, knitted article: 5 hours) of JIS L1076 (2006), and the average value of four sheets was determined. Evaluation is performed with values of 1 to 5, and the larger the value, the more preferable the anti-pilling qualities are.

Sensory Evaluation

[0125] The texture and glossiness were analyzed by the following methods.

[0126] The texture and glossiness were evaluated by sensory evaluation by five persons. The evaluation was performed at 3 levels based on the following criteria. Note that the evaluation supported by the largest number of examiners was adopted, and when there were evaluations supported by the same number of examiners, the lowest evaluation result was adopted.

[0127] Texture and glossiness of woven/knitted article:

[0128] 3: The woven/knitted article has a soft texture and excellent cotton-like glossiness, and exhibits a natural cotton denim tone.

[0129] 2: The woven/knitted article has a slightly soft texture and cotton-like glossiness, and exhibits a cotton denim tone.

[0130] 1: The woven/knitted article has a rough and hard texture and glossiness with glare.

Example 1

[0131] A raw stock of aliphatic polyamide short fibers (round cross-section) of nylon 6 having a single-fiber fineness of 1.7 dtex, a fiber length of 51 mm, and a raw stock elongation of 60% was used as a warp yarn, and a spun yarn of English cotton count No. 9 having a twist coefficient 4 was obtained by ring spinning. A raw stock of polyester (polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) short fibers (cruciform cross-section) having a single-fiber fineness of 1.5 dtex and a fiber length of 38 mm was used as a weft yarn, and a spun yarn of English cotton count No. 16 having a twist coefficient of 4 was obtained by siro-compact spinning.

[0132] The obtained warp yarns were subjected to navy cheese dyeing using an acid dye at 98 C., and wound up around a cone using 3% owf of a fixation agent for maintaining fastness.

[0133] The dyed warp yarns and the undyed weft yarns were used and woven with a rapier loom while a width of 162 cm, a warp density of 78 yarns/2.54 cm, a weft density of 56 yarns/2.54 cm, and 3/1 twill were set.

[0134] The obtained gray fabric was subjected to continuous refining, double-sided singeing at 100 m/min, intermediate setting, padding water absorption processing, finishing setting, and soaping. In the padding water absorption processing, curing was performed using 20 g/L of a urethane-based water absorbent. In order to improve color bleeding, soaping was performed using 1 g/L of a soaping agent after heat setting.

[0135] A fabric having a basis weight of 354 g/m.sup.2, a pilling of grade of 4.5, a water absorbency of 3 seconds before washing and 1 second after washing, a diffusive residual moisture ratio of 22% before washing and 13% after washing, and a color bleeding of 4-5 Grade, which is excellent in anti-pilling property and water absorption/rapid drying property and has natural cotton denim-like glossiness and texture, could be obtained.

Example 2

[0136] As warp yarns, a raw stock (round cross-section) of nylon 6 having a single-fiber fineness of 1.7 dtex, a fiber length of 51 mm, and a raw stock elongation of 60%, and a raw stock of 1.5 dtex rayon and a fiber length of 51 mm were blended at 90:10, and a spun yarn of English cotton count No. 9 having a twist coefficient of 4 was obtained by ring spinning. A polyester cruciform cross-sectional raw stock having a single-fiber fineness of 1.5 dtex and a fiber length of 38 mm was used as a weft yarn, and a spun yarn of English cotton count No. 16 having a twist coefficient of 4 was obtained by siro-compact spinning.

[0137] The obtained warp yarns were subjected to cheese dyeing into a color of navy using an acid dye at 98 C. to dye only nylon, and wound up around a cone using 3% owf of a fixation agent for maintaining fastness.

[0138] After the weaving step, a fabric was obtained in the same steps as in Example 1.

[0139] Since nylon and rayon of warp yarns have a difference in dyeing density, a fabric having a natural feeling and having a basis weight of 360 g/m.sup.2, a pilling of grade of 4, a water absorbency of 5 seconds before washing and 2 seconds after washing, a diffusive residual moisture ratio of 37% before washing and 18% after washing, and a color bleeding of 4 Grade, which is excellent in anti-pilling property and water absorption/rapid drying property and has natural cotton denim-like glossiness and texture, could be obtained.

Example 3

[0140] A raw stock (round cross-section) of nylon 6 having a single-fiber fineness of 1.7 dtex, a fiber length of 38 mm, and a raw stock elongation of 55% was used as a warp yarn, and a spun yarn of English cotton count No. 9 having a twist coefficient 4.3 was obtained by siro-compact spinning. A polyester cruciform cross-sectional raw stock having a single-fiber fineness of 1.5 dtex and a fiber length of 38 mm was used as a weft yarn, and a spun yarn of English cotton count No. 16 having a twist coefficient of 4 was obtained by siro-compact spinning.

[0141] The obtained warp yarns were subjected to navy cheese dyeing using an acid dye at 98 C., and wound up around a cone using 3% owf of a fixation agent for maintaining fastness.

[0142] After the weaving step, a fabric was obtained in the same steps as in Example 1.

[0143] A fabric having a basis weight of 352 g/m.sup.2, a pilling of grade of 4, a water absorbency of 2 seconds before washing and shorter than 1 second after washing, a diffusive residual moisture ratio of 25% before washing and 20% after washing, and a color bleeding of 4-5 Grade, which is excellent in anti-pilling property and water absorption/rapid drying property and has natural cotton denim-like glossiness and texture, could be obtained.

Example 4

[0144] A raw stock (round cross-section) of nylon 6 having a single-fiber fineness of 1.7 dtex, a fiber length of 38 mm, and a raw stock elongation of 55% was used as an interknitted yarn, and a spun yarn of English cotton count No. 20 having a twist coefficient 4.3 was obtained by siro-compact spinning. A covering yarn obtained by drafting and drawing a 55 dtex urethane elastic yarn 3.0 times and covering the yarn using an 83 dtex filament polyester (PET) multifilament (cruciform cross-section) was interknitted into a circular knitting of 20 G at 1:1 arrangement, and the spun yarn has a combined knit and welt stitch to obtain a twill-like knitted gray fabric. The obtained gray fabric was subjected to a gray fabric set/liquid jet purification step, and in the subsequent dyeing step, the gray fabric was subjected to acidic dyeing using a liquid jet dyeing machine, and a polyester-based water-absorbent resin was padded at 10 g/L for finishing.

[0145] A fabric having a basis weight of 315 g/m.sup.2, a pilling of grade of 4, a water absorbency of 1 second before washing and shorter than 1 second after washing, a diffusive residual moisture ratio of 18% before washing and 11% after washing, and a color bleeding of 4-5 Grade, which is excellent in anti-pilling property and water absorption/rapid drying property and has cotton denim-like glossiness and texture, could be obtained.

Example 5

[0146] A raw stock (round cross-section) of aliphatic polyamide short fibers of nylon 6 having a single-fiber fineness of 1.7 dtex, a fiber length of 51 mm, and a raw stock elongation of 60% was used as a warp yarn, and a spun yarn of English cotton count No. 9 having a twist coefficient 4 was obtained by ring spinning. A raw stock of polyester (polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) short fibers (round cross-section) having a single-fiber fineness of 1.5 dtex and a fiber length of 38 mm was used as a weft yarn, and a spun yarn of English cotton count No. 16 having a twist coefficient of 4 was obtained by siro-compact spinning.

[0147] The obtained warp yarns were subjected to navy cheese dyeing using an acid dye at 98 C., and wound up around a cone using 3% owf of a fixation agent for maintaining fastness.

[0148] The dyed warp yarns and the undyed weft yarns were used and woven with a rapier loom while a width of 162 cm, a warp density of 78 yarns/2.54 cm, a weft density of 56 yarns/2.54 cm, and 3/1 twill were set.

[0149] The obtained gray fabric was subjected to continuous refining, double-sided singeing at 100 m/min, intermediate setting, padding water absorption processing, finishing setting, and soaping. In the padding water absorption processing, curing was performed using 20 g/L of a urethane-based water absorbent. In order to improve color bleeding, soaping was performed using 1 g/L of a soaping agent after heat setting.

[0150] A fabric having a basis weight of 355 g/m.sup.2, a pilling of grade of 4.5, a water absorbency of 6 seconds before washing and 5 seconds after washing, a diffusive residual moisture ratio of 36% before washing and 33% after washing, and a color bleeding of 4-5 Grade, which is excellent in anti-pilling property and water absorption/rapid drying property and has natural cotton denim-like glossiness and texture, could be obtained.

Example 6

[0151] A raw stock (round cross-section) of aliphatic polyamide short fibers of nylon 6 having a single-fiber fineness of 1.7 dtex, a fiber length of 51 mm, and a raw stock elongation of 60% was used as a warp yarn, and a spun yarn of English cotton count No. 9 having a twist coefficient 4 was obtained by ring spinning. A raw stock of polyester (polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) short fibers (cruciform cross-section) having a single-fiber fineness of 1.5 dtex and a fiber length of 38 mm was used as a weft yarn, and a spun yarn of English cotton count No. 16 having a twist coefficient of 4 was obtained by siro-compact spinning.

[0152] The obtained warp yarns were subjected to navy cheese dyeing using an acid dye at 98 C., and wound up around a cone using 3% owf of a fixation agent for maintaining fastness.

[0153] The dyed warp yarns and the undyed weft yarns were used and woven with a rapier loom while a width of 162 cm, a warp density of 78 yarns/2.54 cm, a weft density of 56 yarns/2.54 cm, and 3/1 twill were set.

[0154] The obtained gray fabric was subjected to continuous refining, double-sided singeing at 100 m/min, intermediate setting, padding water absorption processing, finishing setting, and soaping. A water absorbent was not used. In order to improve color bleeding, soaping was performed using 1 g/L of a soaping agent after heat setting.

[0155] A fabric having a basis weight of 351 g/m.sup.2, a pilling of grade of 4.5, a water absorbency of 8 seconds before washing and 8 seconds after washing, a diffusive residual moisture ratio of 35% before washing and 38% after washing, and a color bleeding of 4-5 Grade, which is excellent in anti-pilling property and water absorption/rapid drying property and has natural cotton denim-like glossiness and texture, could be obtained.

Comparative Example 1

[0156] A raw stock (round cross-section) of nylon 6 having a single-fiber fineness of 6 dtex, a fiber length of 51 mm, and a raw stock elongation of 56% was used as a warp yarn, and a spun yarn of English cotton count No. 9 having a twist coefficient 4 was obtained by ring spinning. A polyester cruciform cross-sectional raw stock having a single-fiber fineness of 1.5 dtex and a fiber length of 38 mm was used as a weft yarn, and a spun yarn of English cotton count No. 16 having a twist coefficient of 4 was obtained by siro-compact spinning.

[0157] After the cheese dyeing, processing was performed in the same steps as in Example 1. A fabric having a basis weight of 358 g/m.sup.2, a thick single yarn, a pilling of grade of 2.5, increased surface luster by reducing the surface area of the spun yarn, glare, and a rough texture was obtained.

Comparative Example 2

[0158] A raw stock (round cross-section) of nylon 6 having a single-fiber fineness of 1.7 dtex, a fiber length of 38 mm, and a raw stock elongation of 55% and a raw stock (round cross-section) of polyester having 1.5 dtex and a fiber length of 38 mm were blended as warp yarns at 10:90, and a spun yarn of English cotton count No. 9 having a twist coefficient of 4 was obtained by ring spinning. A polyester cruciform cross-sectional raw stock having a single-fiber fineness of 1.5 dtex and a fiber length of 38 mm was used as a weft yarn, and a spun yarn of English cotton count No. 16 having a twist coefficient of 4 was obtained by siro-compact spinning.

[0159] The obtained warp yarns were subjected to navy cheese dyeing using an acid dye at 98 C. to dye only nylon, and wound up around a cone using 1% owf of a fixation agent for maintaining fastness.

[0160] After the weaving step, a fabric was obtained in the same steps as in Example 1. A non-cotton-like fabric having a basis weight of 362 g/m.sup.2, a pilling of grade of 2 due to a high combined rate of polyester with high flexural rigidity, increased surface luster by higher glossiness of polyester than that of nylon, glare, and a hard texture was obtained.

Comparative Example 3

[0161] A raw stock (round cross-section) of nylon 6 having a single-fiber fineness of 1.7 dtex, a fiber length of 51 mm, and a raw stock elongation of 60% was used as a warp yarn, and a spun yarn of English cotton count No. 9 having a twist coefficient 4 was obtained by ring spinning. A raw stock of polyester (PET) short fibers (round cross-section) having a single-fiber fineness of 1.5 dtex and a fiber length of 38 mm was used as a weft yarn, and a spun yarn of English cotton count No. 16 having a twist coefficient of 4 was obtained by siro-compact spinning.

[0162] The obtained warp yarns were subjected to navy cheese dyeing using an acid dye at 98 C., and wound up around a cone using 3% owf of a fixation agent for maintaining fastness.

[0163] The dyed warp yarns and the undyed weft yarns were used and woven with a rapier loom while a width of 162 cm, a warp density of 78 yarns/inch (2.54 cm), a weft density of 56 yarns/inch (2.54 cm), and 3/1 twill were set.

[0164] The obtained gray fabric was subjected to continuous refining, double-sided singeing at 100 m/min, finishing setting, and soaping. In order to improve color bleeding, soaping was performed using 1 g/L of a soaping agent after heat setting. Since the fabric had a basis weight of 359 g/m.sup.2, did not use a modified cross-sectional yarn, and was not subjected to water absorption processing, and thus did not absorb water and hardly diffuse, the fabric had a water absorbency of 38 seconds before washing and 27 seconds after washing and a diffusive residual moisture ratio of 47% before washing and 63% after washing and thus lacked comfort in actual wearing.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Spun yarn A Raw stock a Material Nylon 6 Nylon 6 Nylon 6 Nylon 6 including round cross- round cross- round cross- round cross- aliphatic section section section section polyamide Single-yarn 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 short fiber fineness (dtex) Fiber length (mm) 51 51 38 38 Raw stock 50 60 55 55 elongation (%) Raw stock b Material Rayon Single-yarn 1.5 fineness (dtex) Fiber length (mm) 51 Raw stock mass ratio a:b 90:10 Cotton count 9 9 9 20 Twist coefficient 4 4 4.3 4.3 Spinning method Ring Ring Siro-compact Siro-compact Usage form Warp yarn Warp yarn Warp yarn Interknitted yarn (front side) Other Raw stock Material PET cruciform PET cruciform PET cruciform PET round fibers cross-section cross-section cross-section cross-section/ urethane elastic yarn Single-yarn 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 fineness (dtex) Fiber length (mm) 38 38 38 38 Cotton count 16 16 16 16 Twist coefficient 4 4 4 4 Yarn form Siro-compact Siro-compact Siro-compact Covering spun yarn spun yarn spun yarn yarn Usage form Weft yarn Weft yarn Weft yarn Interknitted yarn (back side) Woven/ Stitch 3/1 twill 3/1 twill 3/1 twill Circular knitted knitting article Exposure rate (%) of fiber B 49 50 51 48 Water absorption processing (g/L) 20 20 20 20 Basis weight (g/m.sup.2) 354 360 352 315 Anti-pilling qualities (grade) 4.5 4 4 4 Water absorbency (sec) Before washing 3 5 2 1 After washing 1 2 Less Less 10 times than 1 than 1 Diffusive residual Before washing 22 37 25 18 Moisture ratio (%) After washing 13 18 20 11 10 times Color bleeding (grade) 4-5 4 4-5 4-5 Texture and glossiness of 3 3 3 2 woven/knitted article

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 5 Example 6 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Spun yarn A Raw stock a Material Nylon 6 Nylon 6 Nylon 6 Nylon 6 Nylon 6 including round cross- round cross- round cross- round cross- round cross- aliphatic section section section section section polyamide Single-yarn 1.7 1.7 6 1.7 1.7 short fiber fineness (dtex) Fiber length (mm) 51 51 51 38 51 Raw stock 60 60 56 55 60 elongation (%) Raw stock b Material Polyester Single-yarn 1.5 fineness (dtex) Fiber length (mm) 38 Raw stock mass ratio a:b 10:90 Cotton count 9 9 9 9 9 Twist coefficient 4 4 4 4.1 4 Spinning method Ring Ring Ring Compact Ring Usage form Warp yarn Warp yarn Warp yarn Warp yarn Warp yarn Other Raw stock Material PET round PET cruciform PET cruciform PET cruciform PET round fibers cross-section cross-section cross-section cross-section cross-section Single-yarn 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 fineness (dtex) Fiber length (mm) 38 38 38 38 38 Cotton count 16 16 16 16 16 Twist coefficient 4 4 4 4 4 Yarn form Siro-compact Siro-compact Siro-compact Siro-compact Siro-compact spun yarn spun yarn spun yarn spun yarn spun yarn Usage form Weft yarn Weft yarn Weft yarn Weft yarn Weft yarn Woven/ Stitch 3/1 twill 3/1 twill 3/1 twill 3/1 twill 3/1 twill knitted article Exposure rate (%) of fiber B 49 50 53 49 51 Water absorption processing (g/L) 20 20 20 20 Absent Basis weight (g/m.sup.2) 355 351 358 362 359 Anti-pilling qualities (grade) 4.5 4.5 2.5 2 4.5 Water absorbency (sec) Before washing 6 8 6 12 38 After washing 5 8 4 10 27 10 times Diffusive residual Before washing 36 35 37 20 47 moisture ratio (%) After washing 33 38 35 18 63 10 times Color bleeding (grade) 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 Texture and glossiness of 3 3 1 1 3 woven/knitted article