Abstract
Systems and methods for controlling oxygen ingress in cap closures are herein disclosed. According to one embodiment, the current apparatus includes a cap and a cap liner. The cap liner includes a primary oxygen barrier layer and a first diffusive layer. A first side of the first diffusive layer is adjacent to a first side of the primary oxygen barrier layer. A second &de of the first diffusive layer contacts a lip-sealing surface of a bottle. The oxygen transmission rate of the cap liner is controlled by varying a thickness of the first diffusive layer.
Claims
1. An apparatus, comprising: a cap; and a cap liner, wherein the cap liner comprises a primary oxygen barrier layer that is approximately 1 mil, an adhesive layer that is 1 mil-7 mil, and a first diffusive layer that is approximately 2 mil, wherein the primary oxygen barrier layer comprises one or more of tin foil, aluminum foil, PVDC, Polyester (PET), EVOH, metalized PET (by vacuum deposition), metalized LDPE, metalized ultra low density polyethylene (ULDPE), metalized linear low-density polyethylene ((LLDPE), and metalized high-density polyethylene (HDPE), wherein the adhesive layer is directly adjacent to the primary oxygen barrier layer and the first diffusive layer, wherein a first side of the first diffusive layer is directly adjacent to a first side of the adhesive layer, wherein a second side of the first diffusive layer contacts a lip-sealing surface of a bottle, and wherein a thickness of the adhesive layer is variable to control an oxygen transmission rate of the cap liner such that the cap liner has a total oxygen transmission rate increase as the thickness of the adhesive layer increases.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first diffusive layer comprises one or more of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene acrylic acid (EAA), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and ultra low density polyethylene (ULDPE) film.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the oxygen transmission rate matches that of bark cork.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cap liner further comprises a second diffusive layer, wherein a first side of the second diffusive layer is adjacent to a second side of the primary oxygen barrier layer, and wherein varying a thickness of the second diffusive layer controls the oxygen transmission rate of the cap liner.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the cap liner further comprises a secondary oxygen barrier layer, wherein a second side of the second diffusive layer is adjacent to a first side of the secondary oxygen barrier layer.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the secondary oxygen barrier layer comprises one or more of tin foil, aluminum foil, PVDC, Polyester (PET), EVOH, metalized PET (by vacuum deposition), metalized LDPE, metalized ultra low density polyethylene (ULDPE), metalized linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), metalized high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and a metalized layer.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the cap liner further comprises a backing material, wherein a first side of the backing material is adjacent to a second side of the secondary oxygen barrier layer.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the backing material comprises low-density polyethylene (LDPE) foam.
9. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the second diffusive layer comprises one or more of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene acrylic acid (EAA), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and ultra low density polyethylene (ULDPE) film.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) The accompanying figures, which are included as part of the present specification, illustrate the presently preferred embodiments of the present invention and together with the general description given above and the detailed description of the preferred embodiments given below serve to explain and teach the principles of the present invention.
(2) FIG. 1 illustrates an exploded view of components in a cap liner, according to one embodiment.
(3) FIG. 2 illustrates an exploded view of components in a cap liner, according to one embodiment.
(4) FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of components in a cap liner, according to one embodiment.
(5) FIG. 4(a) illustrates an exemplary plot of a factor effect in a model for OTR control, according to one embodiment.
(6) FIG. 4(b) illustrates an exemplary plot of a factor effect in a model for OTR control, according to one embodiment.
(7) FIG. 5 illustrates an exploded view of components in a cap liner, according to one embodiment.
(8) FIG. 6(a) illustrates an exemplary plot of the effect of the thickness of highly diffusive layers on OTR, according to one embodiment.
(9) FIG. 6(b) illustrates an exemplary plot of the effect of thickness of highly diffusive layers on OTR, according to one embodiment.
(10) FIG. 6(c) illustrates an exemplary plot of the effect of different materials on OTR, according to one embodiment.
(11) FIG. 7 illustrates an exploded view of components in a cap liner, according to one embodiment.
(12) FIG. 8 illustrates an exploded view of components in a cap liner, according to one embodiment.
(13) FIG. 9 illustrates an exploded view of components in a cap liner, according to one embodiment.
(14) FIG. 10 illustrates an exploded view of components in a cap liner, according to one embodiment.
(15) FIG. 11 illustrates a cross-sectional view of components in a cap liner, according to one embodiment.
(16) FIG. 12 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary process for controlling oxygen ingress in cap closures, according to one embodiment.
(17) It should be noted that the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale and are only intended to facilitate the description of the various embodiments described herein. The figures do not describe every aspect of the teachings described herein and do not limit the scope of the claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
(18) A method for controlling oxygen ingress in cap closures is disclosed. According to one embodiment, the current apparatus includes a cap and a cap liner. The cap liner includes a primary oxygen barrier layer and a first diffusive layer. A first side of the first diffusive layer is adjacent to a first side of the primary oxygen barrier layer. A second side of the first diffusive layer contacts a lip-sealing surface of a bottle. The oxygen transmission rate of the cap liner is controlled by varying a thickness of the first diffusive layer.
(19) The present disclosure describes a cap liner design that delivers OTR including a range of OTR between the OTR of SARANEX and foil-SARANEX liners, and an extended range of higher OTR. This allows the creation of custom OTR for cap closures. The present cap liner design provides the OTR of a premium bark cork, according to one embodiment. The present cap liner design provides the OTR of synthetic cork, according to another embodiment. The OTR of synthetic cork includes 0.001 cc O2/cap/day.
(20) FIG. 1 illustrates an exploded view of components in a cap liner, according to one embodiment. The cap liner 100 includes a first highly diffusive layer 104, a primary oxygen barrier 103, a second highly diffusive layer 102, and a secondary oxygen barrier 101. The first side of the first highly diffusive layer 104 is adjacent to the first side of the primary oxygen barrier 103. The second side of the first highly diffusive layer 104 contacts the lip-sealing surface 105 of a bottle 106. The second side of the primary oxygen barrier 103 is adjacent to the first side of the second highly diffusive layer 102. The second side of the second highly diffusive layer 102 is adjacent to one side of the secondary oxygen barrier 101. The primary oxygen barrier 103 may include films made of tin foil, aluminum foil, PVDC, Polyester (PET), EVOH, metalized PET (by vacuum deposition), metalized LDPE, metalized ultra low density polyethylene (ULDPE), metalized linear low-density polyethylene ((LLDPE), metalized high-density polyethylene (HDPE), a metalized layer or any oxygen barrier known in the art, according to one embodiment. The secondary oxygen barrier 101 may include films made of tin foil, aluminum foil, PVDC, Polyester (PET), EVOH, metalized PET (by vacuum deposition), metalized LDPE, metalized ultra low density polyethylene (ULDPE), metalized linear low-density polyethylene ((LLDPE), metalized high-density polyethylene (HDPE), a metalized layer or any oxygen barrier known in the art, according to one embodiment. The first highly diffusive layer 104 and the second highly diffusive layer 102 may include one or more types of highly diffusive polymers known in the art, according to one embodiment. The first highly diffusive layer 104 and the second highly diffusive layer 102 may include, but are not limited to LDPE, EVA, ethylene acrylic acid (EAA), HPDE, LLDPE, and ULDPE films according to one embodiment. The first highly diffusive layer 104 and the second highly diffusive layer 102 may include one or more types of highly diffusive polymers known in the art, according to one embodiment. The OTR of the cap liner 100 is controlled by varying the thicknesses of the first highly diffusive layer 104 and the second highly diffusive layer 102.
(21) FIG. 2 illustrates an exploded view of components in a cap liner, according to one embodiment. The cap liner 200 includes a highly diffusive layer 202 and a primary oxygen barrier layer 201 adjacent to one side of the highly diffusive layer 202. The other side of the highly diffusive layer 202 contacts the lip-sealing surface 203 of a bottle 204. The primary oxygen barrier 201 may include films made of tin foil, aluminum foil, PVDC, Polyester (PET), EVOH, metalized PET (by vacuum deposition), metalized LDPE, metalized ultra low density polyethylene (ULDPE), metalized linear low-density polyethylene ((LLDPE), metalized high-density polyethylene (HDPE), a metalized layer or any oxygen barrier known in the art, according to one embodiment. The highly diffusive layer 202 may include LDPE, EVA, EAA, HPDE, LLDPE, and ULDPE films, according to one embodiment. The highly diffusive layer 202 may include one or more types of highly diffusive polymers known in the art, according to one embodiment. The OTR of the cap liner 200 is controlled by varying the thickness of the highly diffusive layer 202.
(22) FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of components in a cap liner, according to one embodiment. The cap liner 300 includes a LDPE foam 301, a layer of metal foil 302, a first layer of highly diffusive materials (B layer) 303, a layer of PVDC 304 and a second layer of highly diffusive materials (A layer) 305. One side of the highly diffusive A layer 305 contacts the lip-sealing surface 306 of a bottle 307. The layer of PVDC 304 and the layer of metal foil 302 may be considered as oxygen barrier layers. The materials from the A layer 303 and the B layer 305 may include one or more types of highly diffusive polymers known in the art, according to one embodiment. The materials from the A layer 303 and the B layer 305 may include, but are not limited to LDPE, EVA, EAA, HPDE, LLDPE and ULDPE films, according to one embodiment. The thicknesses of the A layer 303 and the B layer 305 on either side of the layer of PVDC 304 are the OTR controlling factors. The control of oxygen ingress is exercised by varying the thickness of the B layer of highly diffusive materials 303 between the layer of metal foil 302 and the layer of PVDC 304, as well as the thickness of the A layer of highly diffusive materials 304 between the layer of PVDC 304 and the lip-sealing surface 306 of the bottle 307. The thicknesses of the A layer 303 and the B layer 305 on both sides of the secondary oxygen barrier layer of PVDC 304 are particularly important for targeting and controlling the desired OTR, including the diffusive layers that are a part of the SARANEX laminate. In a traditional cap liner, the highly diffusive layers on either side of the layer of PVDC are typically 0.5 to 3.5 mils thick. However, the thicknesses of the highly diffusive A layer 303 and the highly diffusive B layer 305 may vary from 1 to 10 mils thick, depending upon the target OTR, according to one embodiment. A mathematical model that defines how OTR values vary with changes in the thickness of the highly diffusive layers is developed, according to one embodiment. The mathematical model may be a prediction equation created using statistical modeling software (e.g. JMP (a statistical discovery software)) to determine how the thickness of the highly diffusive layers control the OTR of the cap liner using the same layer of PVDC, according to one embodiment. The present invention precisely selects a combination and thicknesses of highly diffusive materials on both sides of an oxygen barrier layer to obtain a desired OTR over a range of OTR.
(23) Referring to FIG. 4(a) and FIG. 4(b), the respective thicknesses of the A layer 305 and B layer 303 corresponding to the desired OTR are determined. The model's leverage plots in FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b) are used to determine the thicknesses of the A layer 305 and the B layer 303 to achieve the desired OTR. In particular, the plots show that the thickness of the A layer 305 between the layer of PVDC 304 and the bottle 307 has a greater effect on OTR than the thickness of the B layer 303 on the other side of the layer of PVDC 304 further away from the lip-sealing surface 306 of the bottle 307. According to one embodiment, the unit for OTR is cc O2/cap/day.
(24) The path for the majority of the oxygen diffusion in an aluminum cap is through the liner's edge. Therefore, oxygen is entering the films in the liner through their edge and moves past the lip-sealing surface of the bottle. Oxygen then moves into the headspace of the bottle in a direction perpendicular to the flat surfaces of the liner. The diffusion of gases is proportional to the surface area of edge material exposed to air. The OTR increases with increasing thickness of the highly diffusive layers as more surface area is exposed to air.
(25) The OTR of materials measured in the form of flat sheets is different from the OTR of the same material when inserted into an aluminum cap and secured on a bottle, The normal direction of gas diffusion in a flat sheet is perpendicular to the surface of the sheet. However, the OTR of a liner inside an aluminum cap is primarily controlled by gas diffusion that is perpendicular to the liner's edge.
(26) According to one embodiment, the effect of different SARANEX films and the effect of different thicknesses of highly diffusive EVA adhesive films placed at two locations in the cap liner on OTR were evaluated. Referring to FIG. 5, the cap liner 500 includes a layer of LOPE foam 501, a first layer of EVA (EVA1 layer) 502, a layer of tin foil 503, a second layer of EVA (EVA2 layer) 504, and a layer (C layer) 505 of SARANEX or LDPE film. One side of the C layer 505 contacts the lip-sealing surface 506 of a bottle 507. In a designed experiment, the effect of the layer 505 using three different SARANEX and a 2 mil LDPE film on OTR were evaluated. The effect on OTR of the thickness of the EVA1 layer 502 and the thickness of the EVA2 layer 504 placed above and below the tin foil 503 respectively were also evaluated using three thicknesses. Table 1 below illustrates the various configurations for each sample in the experiment.
(27) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 EVA1 Layer EVA2 Layer Thickness (mil) Thickness (mil) C Layer Sample 502 504 505 1A 7 1 LDPE 1B 7 1 LDPE 1C 7 1 LDPE 2A 7 1 SARANEX 3 2B 7 1 SARANEX 3 2C 7 1 SARANEX 3 3A 1 1 SARANEX 1 3B 1 1 SARANEX 1 3C 1 1 SARANEX 1 4A 7 7 SARANEX 1 4B 7 7 SARANEX 1 4C 7 7 SARANEX 1 5A 1 7 SARANEX 3 5B 1 7 SARANEX 3 5C 1 7 SARANEX 3 6A 7 7 SARANEX 0 6B 7 7 SARANEX 0 6C 7 7 SARANEX 0 7A 1 1 SARANEX 0 7B 1 1 SARANEX 0 7C 1 1 SARANEX 0 8A 1 7 LDPE 8B 1 7 LDPE 8C 1 7 LDPE 9A 4 4 SARANEX 0 9B 4 4 SARANEX 0 9C 4 4 SARANEX 0 10A 4 4 SARANEX 1 10B 4 4 SARANEX 1 10C 4 4 SARANEX 1
(28) FIGS. 6(a)-6(c) illustrate the effect of different SARANEX films and the effect of different thicknesses of highly diffusive EVA adhesive films placed at two locations in the cap liner on OTR according to the exemplary cap liner in FIG. 5. Referring to the plot in FIG. 6(c), there is little difference between the OTR when three different types of SARANEX are used. However, when LDPE is used for the C layer 505, the OTR of the cap liner 500 is significantly higher than the OTR when SARANEX is used. The plot in FIG. 6(b) shows that there is no effect on OTR when the thickness of the highly diffusive EVA1 layer 502 is varied. The plot in FIG. 6(a) shows that there is a significant effect on OTR when the thickness of the highly diffusive EVA2 layer 504 is varied. This indicates that oxygen is bypassing the barrier of the tin foil 503 when the thickness of the EVA2 layer 504 is increased at this location, i.e. on the side of the tin toil 503 nearer to the lip-sealing surface 506 of the bottle 507.
(29) According to one embodiment, the effects of different thicknesses of highly diffusive films between a PVDC layer and the bottle finish on OTR are evaluated. Referring to FIG. 7, the cap liner 700 includes 50 mil of LDPE foam 701, 1 mil of EVA adhesive 702, 1 mil of tin foil 703, 2 mil of highly diffusive film (B layer) 704, a layer of PVDC 705 and a layer of highly diffusive film (A layer) 706. The A layer of highly diffusive film 706 is between the layer of PVDC 705 and the lip-sealing surface 707 of the bottle 708. The effect of the thickness of the highly diffusive A layer 706 on OTR is illustrated using a thickness of 3, 7 and 11 mils of EVA and LDPE as the highly diffusive A layer 706. Table 2 below shows that OTR increases with increment in the thickness of the A layer 706. The cap liner 700 precisely controls oxygen transmission by varying the thickness of the highly diffusive materials between the PVDC 705 and the lip-sealing surface 707 of the bottle 708.
(30) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 B Layer A Layer Thickness (mil) Thickness (mil) 704 706 OTR 2 3 0.00023 2 7 0.00048 2 11 0.00064
(31) According to one embodiment, the effects of different thickness of highly diffusive films between a tin foil layer and the bottle finish on OTR are evaluated. Referring to FIG. 8, the cap liner 800 includes 50 mil of LOPE foam 801, 1 mil of EVA adhesive 802, 1 mil of tin foil 803 and a layer of highly diffusive film (A layer) 804. The A layer of highly diffusive film 804 is between the tin foil 803 and the lip-sealing surface 805 of the bottle 806. The effect of the thickness of the A layer 804 on OTR is tested using a thickness of 3, 7 and 11 mils of EVA and LDPE as the highly diffusive A layer 804. Table 3 below shows that OTR increases with increment in the thickness of the A layer 804. The cap liner 800 precisely controls oxygen transmission by varying the thickness of the highly diffusive materials between the tin foil 803 and the lip-sealing surface 805 of the bottle 806.
(32) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 A Layer Thickness (mil) 804 OTR 3 0.00014 7 0.00023 11 0.00041
(33) According to one embodiment, the effect of different thickness of highly diffusive films between semi-permeable Polyester (PET) film and the bottle finish on OTR are evaluated. Referring to FIG. 9, the cap liner 900 includes 50 mil of LDPE foam 901, 1.5 mil of EVA adhesive 902, 0.35 mil of aluminum foil 903, a layer of 1.5 mil of LDPE film (B layer) 904, 0.5 mil of semi-permeable PET film 905 and a layer of highly diffusive film (A layer) 908. The A layer includes 1 mil of EVA adhesive 906 and a LDPE film 907. The A layer 908 is between the semi-permeable PET film 905 and the lip-sealing surface 909 of the bottle 910. The effect of a combination of the EVA adhesive 906 and the LDPE film 907 on OTR is evaluated using a thickness of LDPE film 907 of 4, 8 and 12 mils, producing the A layer 908 of 5, 9 and 13 mils of highly diffusive films. Table 4 below shows that OTR increases with increment in the thickness of the A layer 908 that includes the EVA adhesive 906 and the LDPE film 907. The cap liner 900 precisely controls oxygen transmission by varying the thickness of the highly diffusive materials between the semi-permeable PET firm 905 and the lip-sealing surface 909 of the bottle 910.
(34) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 B Layer A Layer Thickness (mil) Thickness (mil) 904 908 OTR 1.5 5 0.0011 1.5 9 0.0013 1.5 13 0.0014
(35) According to one embodiment, the effect of different thickness of highly diffusive films between a vacuum deposition metalized layer and the bottle finish on OTR are evaluated. Referring to FIG. 10, the cap liner 1000 includes 50 mil of LDPE foam 1001, 1.5 mil of EVA adhesive 1002, 0.35 mil of aluminum metalized PET film 1003 and a layer of highly diffusive film (A layer) 1006. The A layer 1006 includes 1 mil of EVA adhesive film 1004 and a LDPE film 1005. The A layer 1006 is between the vacuum deposition aluminum metalized PET film 1003 and the lip-sealing surface 1007 of the bottle 1008. The effect of a combination of the EVA adhesive 1004 and the LDPE film 1005 on OTR is evaluated using a thickness of LDPE film 1005 of 4, 8 and 12 mils, producing the A layer 1006 of 5, 9 and 13 mils of highly diffusive film. Table 5 below shows that OTR increases with increment in the thickness of the A layer 1006 that includes the EVA adhesive 1004 and the LDPE film 1005. The cap liner 1000 precisely controls oxygen transmission by varying the thickness of the highly diffusive materials between the aluminum metalized PET film 1003 and the lip-sealing surface 1007 of the bottle 1008.
(36) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 A Layer Thickness (mil) 1006 OTR 5 0.0008 9 0.0010 13 0.0012
(37) According to one embodiment, the effect of different thickness of highly diffusive films between a vacuum deposition metalized layer and the bottle finish on OTR are evaluated. Referring to FIG. 11, the cap liner 1100 includes 50 mil of LDPE foam 1101, 1.5 mil of EVA adhesive 1102, 0.35 mil of aluminum metalized LOPE film 1103, and a layer of highly diffusive film (A layer) 1106. The A layer 1106 includes 1 mil of EVA adhesive film 1104 and a LDPE film 1105. The A layer 1106 is between the vacuum deposition aluminum metalized LDPE film 1103 and the lip-sealing surface 1107 of the bottle 1108. The effect of a combination of the EVA adhesive 1104 and the LDPE film 1105 on OTR is evaluated using a thickness of LDPE film 1105 of 4, 8 and 12 mils, producing the A layer 1106 of 5.5, 9.5 and 13.5 mils of highly diffusive film. Table 6 below shows that OTR increases with increment in the thickness of the A layer 1106 that includes the EVA adhesive 1104 and the LDPE film 1105. The cap liner precisely controls oxygen transmission by varying the thickness of the highly diffusive materials between the aluminum metalized LDPE film 1103 and he lip-sealing surface 1107 of the bottle 1108.
(38) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 A Layer Thickness (mil) 1106 OTR 5.5 0.0011 9.5 0.0013 13.5 0.0014
(39) According to one embodiment, the present method is used for plastic cap liners. As there is additional diffusion of oxygen through the shell of the plastic cap, adjustments to the model may be necessary.
(40) FIG. 12 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary process for controlling oxygen ingress in a cap closure, according to one embodiment. At step 1200, a backing material for the liner is selected. The backing material may include expanded LDPE foam, according to one embodiment. At step 1201, a first diffusive layer is selected. The first diffusive layer may include one or more types of highly diffusive polymers known in the art, according to one embodiment. The first diffusive layer may include, but are not limited to LDPE, EVA, EAR, High-density Polyethylene (HPDE), Linear Low-density Polyethylene (LLDPE) and Ultra Low Density Polyethylene (ULDPE) films, according to one embodiment. At step 1202, a primary oxygen barrier is selected The primary oxygen barrier may include films made of tin foil, aluminum foil, PVDC, Polyester (PET), EVOH, metalized PET (by vacuum deposition), metalized LDPE, metalized ultra low density polyethylene (ULDPE), metalized linear low-density polyethylene ((LLDPE), metalized high-density polyethylene (HDPE), a metalized layer or any oxygen barrier known in the art, according to one embodiment. At step 1203, the first side of the first diffusive layer is placed adjacent to the first side of the primary oxygen barrier. At step 1204, a second diffusive layer is selected. The second diffusive layer may include one or more types of highly diffusive polymers known in the art, according to one embodiment. The second diffusive layer may include, but are not limited to LDPE, EVA, EAA, High-density Polyethylene (HPDE), Linear Low-density Polyethylene (LLDPE) and Ultra Low Density Polyethylene (ULDPE) films, according to one embodiment. At step 1205, the first side of the second diffusive layer is placed adjacent to the second side of the primary oxygen barrier. At step 1206, a secondary oxygen barrier is selected. The secondary oxygen barrier may include films made of tin foil, aluminum foil, PVDC, Polyester (PET), EVOH, metalized PET (by vacuum deposition), metalized LDPE, metalized ultra low density polyethylene (ULDPE), metalized linear low-density polyethylene ((LLDPE), metalized high-density polyethylene (HDPE), a metalized layer or any oxygen barrier known in the art, according to one embodiment. At step 1207, the second side of the second diffusive layer is placed adjacent to the one side of the secondary oxygen barrier. The backing material, the first diffusive layer, primary oxygen barrier, the second diffusive layer and the secondary oxygen barrier form part of a cap liner in a cap closure, according to one embodiment. After the materials are selected for a part of the cap liner, a model that predicts how OTR varies with the thicknesses of the first and second diffusive layers is developed at step 1208. After the model is developed, a graph of the dependent variable OTR versus changes in the thicknesses of the first and the second diffusive layers is created at step 1209. The desired OTR is selected at step 1210. At step 1211, the thicknesses of the first and second diffusive layers corresponding to the desired OTR is selected from the graph.
(41) The above example embodiments have been described hereinabove to illustrate possible embodiments for controlling oxygen transmission rate of cap liners. Various modifications to and departures from the disclosed example embodiments will occur to those having ordinary skill in the art. The subject matter that is intended to be within the spirit of this disclosure is set forth in the following claims.
