Ballistic multilayer arrangement

Abstract

The invention relates to a ballistic layer for a ballistic multilayer arrangement (1), wherein it is formed by an absorption layer (2, 2a, 2b) that entirely or largely comprises expanded glass (21) and by a ballistic multilayer arrangement (1) with an impact side (A) and a back side (B), wherein at least one of the layers is formed by such an absorption layer (2, 2a, 2b) that entirely or largely comprises expanded glass (21).

Claims

1. A ballistic layer for a ballistic multilayer arrangement, the ballistic layer being formed by an absorption layer including expanded glass held in a matrix including a synthetic resin, wherein the expanded glass is present in the form of sintered expanded-glass granulate, and the sintered expanded-glass granulate is held in a dense packing or fill by the matrix that encloses the sintered expanded-glass granulate.

2. The ballistic layer according to claim 1, wherein the expanded-glass granulate comprises a granulate size of 0.01 mm to 5 mm.

3. The ballistic layer according to claim 1, wherein the expanded glass comprises SiO.sub.2.

4. The ballistic layer according to claim 3, wherein as further ingredients the expanded glass comprises Na.sub.2O and CaO.

5. The ballistic layer according to claim 3, wherein as further ingredients the expanded glass comprises below 10 percent weight by weight of Al.sub.2O.sub.3and/or MgO and/or K.sub.2O.

6. The ballistic layer according to claim 1, wherein the matrix comprises a mixture of synthetic material/synthetic resin.

7. The ballistic layer according to claim 6, wherein the synthetic material mixture comprises polyurethane and/or polyethylene and/or epoxy resin and/or silicon and/or an impact-proof synthetic material and/or an impact-resistant synthetic material.

8. A ballistic multilayer arrangement including a plurality of layers and having with an impact side (A) and a back side (B), wherein at least one of the layers includes a ballistic layer according to claim 1, and wherein at least one of the layers is formed by a multilayer fibre layer comprising layers of aramid fibres or comparable fibres, wherein said multilayer fibre layer is designed in the form of a woven material or a multilayer woven material.

9. The ballistic multilayer arrangement according to claim 8, wherein at least one of the plurality of layers is formed by a plate comprising fine stone or natural stone or ceramic or a ceramic mix.

10. The ballistic multilayer arrangement according to claim 8, wherein at least one of the plurality of layers is a spall layer comprising spalls of ceramic or ceramic metal or fine stone or natural stone, which spalls are bound in a matrix.

11. The ballistic multilayer arrangement according to claim 8, wherein at least one of the plurality of layers is formed by a metal plate.

12. The ballistic multilayer arrangement according to claim 8, wherein at least one of the plurality of layers is formed by a tenacious synthetic layer.

13. The ballistic multilayer arrangement according to claim 12, wherein the tenacious synthetic layer forms the matrix of the absorption layer.

14. The ballistic multilayer arrangement according to claim 8, wherein said arrangement is surrounded by a synthetic cover layer or a fibre-reinforced synthetic braiding layer at least on one of the impact side (A) and the back side (B).

15. The ballistic multilayer arrangement according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of layers are arranged in a layer sequence and in the layer sequence the absorption layer is followed at least on one of the absorption layer by a fibre layer.

16. The ballistic multilayer arrangement according to claim 8, wherein the arrangement is designed so as to be flexible as a mat or a blanket.

17. The ballistic multilayer arrangement according to claim 8, wherein the arrangement is designed as a rigid plate.

18. The ballistic multilayer arrangement according to claim 8, wherein a ceramic layer, a fibre layer and a metal layer are provided.

19. The ballistic multilayer arrangement according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of layers are arranged in a layer sequence and the layer sequence is selected as follows: an enveloping layer, a ceramic layer followed by a metal layer, a fibre layer and an absorption layer, a metal layer.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Below, the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. The following are diagrammatically shown in:

(2) FIG. 1 a diagrammatic view of a ballistic multilayer arrangement with an absorption layer according to the invention and on the impact side an upstream fibre layer,

(3) FIG. 2 a diagrammatic view of a ballistic multilayer arrangement with an absorption layer according to the invention and on the impact side a downstream fibre layer,

(4) FIG. 3 a diagrammatic view of the absorption layer with expanded-glass granulate and the matrix enclosing the expanded-glass granulate,

(5) FIG. 4 a diagrammatic exemplary view of a cross-section of an expanded-glass granulate,

(6) FIG. 5 a diagrammatic view of a ballistic plate according to the state of the art,

(7) FIG. 6 a diagrammatic view of an exemplary ballistic multilayer arrangement with an absorption layer according to the invention according to a first variant,

(8) FIG. 7 a diagrammatic view of an exemplary ballistic multilayer arrangement with an absorption layer according to the invention according to a second variant,

(9) FIG. 8 a diagrammatic view of an exemplary ballistic multilayer arrangement with an absorption layer according to the invention according to a third variant,

(10) FIG. 9 a diagrammatic view of an exemplary ballistic multilayer arrangement with an absorption layer according to the invention according to a fourth variant with a spall layer, and

(11) FIG. 10 a diagrammatic view of an exemplary ballistic multilayer arrangement according to a fifth variant with a multiple absorption layer-sequence according to the invention.

(12) Identical reference characters in the figures designate identical elements or elements that have the same effect.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(13) FIG. 1 shows a diagrammatic view of a ballistic multilayer arrangement 1 according to the invention. In this arrangement downstream of an aramid fibre layer 4, when viewed from the projectile impact side A, an absorption layer 2 in the form of a multilayer woven material is arranged. FIG. 2 shows an alternative arrangement with the sequence of the absorption layer 2 and the fibre layer 4 being the other way round.

(14) In all the exemplary embodiments the layers are interconnected either mechanically or with the use of suitable adhesives.

(15) The absorption layer 2 comprises expanded glass 21 in the form of expanded-glass granulate 22 held in a dense packing by means of a matrix 24 enclosing the expanded-glass granulate, see FIG. 3. The matrix 24 is formed in an impact-resistant synthetic mixture. Good results have been achieved with impact-resistant polyurethane mixtures.

(16) Expanded glass 21 is very light in weight and free of broken grains, highly thermally insulating, sound insulating, resistant to pressure, non-flammable, acid-proof and vermin-proof.

(17) In the example the composition of the expanded-glass granulate 22 is as follows: SiO.sub.2 712% weight by weight Na.sub.2O 131.5% weight by weight CaO 82% weight by weight Al.sub.2O.sub.3 21.3% weight by weight MgO 21% weight by weight K.sub.2O 10.2% weight by weight and Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 0.50.2% weight by weight trace elements<0.5% weight by weight.

(18) The granulate 22 itself can be of a closed-pore or of an open-pore nature, with a granulate size of 0.01 mm to 5 mm. As is shown as an example in cross section in FIG. 4, the foamed expanded-glass granulate 22 has a bubble size 23 of 0.001-0.5 mm.

(19) Depending on the configuration of the energy to be absorbed, the layer thickness of the absorption layer can be between 0.5 and 50 mm.

(20) In the examples the fibre layers 4 (41, 42, 43) are multilayer woven materials comprising aramid fibres. However, it is also possible to use comparable fibres.

(21) It is imaginable to design the arrangement according to FIG. 1 or 2 so that it is elastic, and to select the matrix of the absorption layer correspondingly so that manufacture of the ballistic multilayer arrangement as a mat or blanket is possible. Thus secure tents or curtains and the like are possible.

(22) FIG. 6 shows an exemplary design of a ballistic multilayer arrangement 1 as a plate with an absorption layer 2.

(23) The layer sequence viewed from the direction of the impact side A is as follows. On the outside first a synthetic cover layer 8 is provided. This cover layer 8 is used as a finish towards the outside and ensures that any shattered components of the subsequent very hard first ceramic layer 5 do not fall out following a hit by a projectile, and that the structure is held together even in the case of cracks in the ceramic layer 5 should a further hit in the surroundings of an impact occur.

(24) In this arrangement in the sense of the invention the ceramic layer 5 can also comprise other materials such as fine stone or natural stone or a ceramic mixture or a ceramic-metal mixture in plate-shape.

(25) It is important that the ceramic layer 5 is hard. This can be provided either by classical ceramics or by substitute materials such as very hard natural stone (granite etc.) or fine stone, which is very hard high-fired stoneware.

(26) The ceramic layer 5 is followed by a fibre layer 4 of woven aramide materials. This is followed by the absorption layer 2, which is able to absorb the energy of the projectile or fragment. In the absorption layer a great deal of energy is absorbed by the projectile and in its further path is distributed to a much wider base so that after this a metal plate 7 is sufficient as a final layer.

(27) If even higher energies are input or if for reasons of weight reduction the layer thicknesses are selected so as to be thinner, according to FIG. 7 it is also possible to implement a variant in which in front of the steel plate 7 after a first fibre layer 41 immediately in front of the aforesaid a second fibre layer 42 is provided.

(28) FIG. 8 shows a further modification, when compared to the embodiment of FIG. 7, in which after the ceramic layer 5 a first steel plate 71 has been installed. This steel plate 71 additionally stabilises the ceramic layer in the immediate surroundings of an impact. This can be advantageous in the case of multiple projectile entry. In the example shown, too, a steel plate 72 is provided on the back B. Said steel plate 72 can already be designed as a lightly armoured outer wall of a vehicle or as a normal outer wall.

(29) FIG. 9 shows a further modification. In this case the ceramic layer 5 is followed by a spall layer 6 that comprises ceramic spalls or ceramic-metal spalls or fine stone spalls or natural stone spalls 61 bound in a matrix 62. In this design it is not so much the layer sequence that is the essential characteristic, but rather the presence of a spall layer bound in a matrix, which spall layer comprises a loose fill of very hard spalls that deflect a projectile or a hard projectile core (for example tungsten carbide).

(30) The example according to FIG. 10 shows an arrangement with two successive absorption layers 2a and 2b, separated from each other by a fibre layer 42. In the example shown both absorption layers 2a and 2b are situated adjacent to a further fibre layer 41 and 43 and following on from this comprise a steel plate 71 and 72.

(31) The layers as shown in the above examples can also be arranged in some other sequence, with some layers being left out or arranged multiple times.

(32) In the use of the absorption layers according to the invention it is also very advantageous that said layers provide outstanding thermal insulation characteristics. Thus vehicles, structures or tents can be thermally insulated from the outside world against heat or cold, without this requiring a further layer or some other measures.

(33) Likewise the design of the absorption layer according to the invention is sound insulating. This characteristic, too, is advantageous in the proposed application.

LIST OF REFERENCE CHARACTERS

(34) 1 Ballistic multilayer arrangement

(35) A Impact side

(36) B Back

(37) 2 Absorption layer

(38) 2a, 2b Absorption layer

(39) 21 Expanded glass

(40) 22 Expanded-glass granulate

(41) 23 Bubbles

(42) 24 Matrix

(43) 4 Fibre layer

(44) 41 Fibre layer

(45) 42, 43 Fibre layer

(46) 5 Ceramic plate

(47) 6 Spall layer

(48) 61 Spalls

(49) 62 Matrix

(50) 7 Metal plate

(51) 71, 72 Metal plate

(52) 8 Synthetic cover layer

(53) 9 Ballistic plate (state of the art)

(54) 91 Ceramic plate

(55) 92 Fibre layer

(56) 93 Steel plate