Method for operating a heating boiler and heating boiler for carrying out said method (variants)

Abstract

A method for operating a heating boiler and variant embodiments thereof are proposed. A working fluid is heated in the heating boiler consisting of at least two chambers by the heat of at least one heat carrier, and, by means of at least one of the heat exchangers in the heating boiler, a change in the temperature of the heat carrier in relation to the working fluid in the chambers is realized by supplying a more greatly heated heat carrier to the chambers containing a more greatly heated working fluid and, correspondingly, supplying a less greatly heated heat carrier to the chambers containing a less greatly heated working fluid, and, after heating, the working fluid is conducted out of the chamber via at least one channel or valve for use. The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of the heat recovering.

Claims

1. A method for operation of a boiler, comprising: heating a working body in the boiler, the boiler being made of at least two chambers, the heating being performed by at least one heating medium, the boiler comprising at least one heat exchanger; when a first one of the at least two chambers contains the working body and a second one of the at least two chambers contains the working body, and the working body contained in the first one of the at least two chambers has a higher temperature than the working body contained in the second one of the at least two chambers, heating the working body in each of the first one and the second one of the at least two chambers by using the at least one heat exchanger to add a heating medium at a first temperature to the first one of the at least two chambers, and respectively add a heating medium at a second temperature to the second one of the at least two chambers, the second temperature being lower than the first temperature; and after the heating of the working body in each of the first one and the second one of the at least two chambers, removing the working body from each of the first one and the second one of the at least two chambers for further utilization through at least one channel or valve.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the heating medium temperature change with respect to one of the at least two chambers containing the working body that is being heated is achieved by directing a heating medium flow through one or more valves.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the heating medium temperature change with respect to the working body in the at least two chambers is achieved by transferring the working body between the at least two chambers using valves.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein one of the at least two chambers is periodically sealed, the at least two chambers being connected with each other by at least one valve through which the working body is transferred periodically from one of the at least two chambers into another one of the at least two chambers.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one heat exchanger is used to supply heat from a processed working body during a steam phase.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one heat exchanger is used to supply heat from an external source.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein a liquid phase working body, while being transferred from one of the at least two chambers into another one of the at least two chambers, is heated by a working body steam phase heat, wherein the working body steam phase flows into the one of the at least two chambers in place of the liquid phase working body being transferred; the working body liquid phase being heated due to a direct contact to the working body steam phrase heat, or through a heat exchanger wall.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein a number of the heating mediums for heating the working body in one of the at least two chambers and using the at least one heat exchanger is less than a number of heating mediums used in the boiler.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the at least two chambers contains a cooling heat exchanger for removing heat from the working body.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least two chambers have a channel connected to them, and wherein at least one of the at least two chambers contains a cooling heat exchanger for removing heat from the working body.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising: returning a liquid phase working body to the boiler through a return channel after said liquid phase working body is used, and further feeding said liquid phase working body into at least one of the at least two chambers through the heat exchanger.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the heating mediums, flowing through a common chamber, through at least one of the heat exchangers, flows in also afterwards through at least one of the chambers through at least one of the heat exchangers.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the at least two chambers has an inlet channel to fill the at least one of the at least two chambers with a working body; the at least one of the at least two chambers configured such that the at least one heat exchanger removes heat therefrom.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the at least two chambers is filled with a working body through at least one discharge channel of the at least one heat exchanger.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein at least one of the at least two chambers contains a cooling heat exchanger to remove heat from the working body after the working body has been used, and wherein the at least one of the at least two chambers is filled with the working body through a channel that transfers the working body from the at least one discharge channel of at least one exchanger interfacing with the at least one of the at least two chambers.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least two chambers are positioned one above another, and when the chambers are connected, a liquid phase working body is transferred from an upstream chamber into a downstream chamber via gravity.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least two chambers are positioned randomly, and when the chambers are connected, a liquid phase working body is partially or fully transferred from one of the at least two chambers into another of the at least two chambers using a transfer pump.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein the boiler is partly thermally isolated.

19. A steam power plant boiler, comprising: a casing, a channel to feed in a working body, wherein the boiler comprises at least two chambers positioned in the casing radially towards a common central point, each of the at least two chambers being configured to contain the working body, at least one of the at least two chambers having at least one heat exchanger configured to supply a heating medium to heat a working body contained in the at least one of the at least two chambers, the at least one heat exchanger being equipped with at least one valve; wherein, when the working body contained in a first one of the at least two chambers has a higher temperature than the working body contained in a second one of the chambers, the at least one valve is configured to supply a working medium at a first temperature to the first one of the at least two chambers, and respectively to supply a working medium at a second temperature to the second one of the at least two chambers, the second temperature being lower than the first temperature, at least one of the at least two chambers being equipped with a channel to discharge the working body.

20. The boiler of claim 19, wherein at least one of the at least two chambers has a cooling heat exchanger to remove heat from the working body located in the at least one of the at least two chambers.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The boiler unit with recovery option embodiments.

(2) FIG. 1 demonstrates the boiler with heat recovery option to be used in a steam power plant, having the casing (item 1) in the shape of a closed cylinder divided by the baffles, side and cross-section view.

(3) FIG. 2 demonstrates the valve (item 4) in the closed position, having similar design and operation mode for ail boiler embodiments, side cross-section and plan view.

(4) FIG. 3 demonstrates the valve (item 4) in the open position, having similar design and operation mode for all boiler embodiments, side cross-section and plan view.

(5) FIG. 4 demonstrates the boiler embodiment with heat recovery option to be used in a steam power plant, side and plan cross-section view.

(6) FIG. 5 demonstrates the boiler embodiment with heat recovery option to be used in a steam power plant, side and plan cross-section view.

(7) FIG. 6 demonstrates the boiler embodiment with heat recovery option to be used in a steam power plant, side and plan cross-section view.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

(8) The FIG. 1 demonstrates the first boiler embodiment with heat recovery option, to be used in a steam power plant. The proposed embodiment specific feature is operation with the working bodies at the subcritical temperature and pressure parameters, characterized by the working body state when its liquid and steam phases are separated. The boiler comprises the casing (item 1) having the shape of the closed cylinder, where the baffles (item 2) make periodically sealed chambers (item 3). The baffles have valves (item 4) installed, opened and closed by solenoid drive (item 5).

(9) The FIG. 2 demonstrates the valve (item 4) in a closed position and FIG. 3 demonstrates the same in an open position. The chambers (item 3) contain the working body (item 6) liquid phase, when the valves (item 4) are opened the pressure in the chambers being connected is equalized and the working body liquid phase inflows into the chamber (item 3) below under gravity action due to its higher density in comparison to the steam phase (item 7). When the boiler cylindrical casing (item 1) axis is positioned horizontally or otherwise a transfer pump (not shown) may be used to transfer the working body liquid phase between the connected chambers (item 3).

(10) The chambers (item 3) are designed to heat the working body inside by recovering heat of the processed steam inflowing through the channel (item 19) and heat exchangers (item 8) equipped with the heat exchanging coils. The chambers are also crossed by the heat exchanger (item 10) channel, which is used to transfer the working body condensate, collected in the condensate collector (item 11) and fed by the pump (item 12). The variant of the heat exchanger (item 10) channel, ensuring the processed working body condensate self-drainage due to inclination thereof, is possible. Apart from the chambers (item 3), having heat exchangers (item 8), the boiler has the chamber (item 3) equipped with the cooling heat exchanger (item 15), served to discharge excess heat from the working body fed into the boiler using heat-transfer fluid. The chamber (item 3) is equipped with the heat exchanger (item 16) served to supply additional heat to the heated working body from an external source using a heat-transfer fluid. The heated working body in the steam phase is removed from the chamber (item 3) through the channel (item 17) for further use, for example, to convert steam heat energy into mechanical work. The boiler may have an operation mode when the chambers (item 3), located in the lower part of the unit, have the higher temperature processed working body supplied and, respectively, the chambers (item 3), located in the upper part of the unit, have the lower temperature working body supplied, hence there is a possibility to keep temperature gradient due to movement of the working body in the chambers (item 3) towards the flow of the processed working body, fed into the boiler. There is a possibility to decrease the working body condensation specific heat and increase dew point temperature through raising pressure in the chamber (item 3), equipped with the cooling heat exchanger (item 15), and another boiler interiors connected with the chamber (item 3) respectively. In such case heat capacity of the heated working body in the chambers (item 3), will naturally increase.

(11) The FIG. 4 demonstrates the second boiler embodiment with heat recovery option to be used in a steam power plant. The proposed embodiment specific feature is operation with the working bodies at the subcritical and supercritical temperature and pressure parameters. The boiler comprises the casing (item 1) in the shape of the cylinder consisting of several periodically sealed segmented chambers (item 3) positioned radially towards the common central point. The chambers (item 3) contain the working body (item 6) liquid phase, however a steam layer (item 7) may also present. The chambers (item 3) are designed to heat the working body inside by recovering heat of the processed steam, inflowing through the channel (item 19) and heat exchangers (item 8). The unit has common chamber (item 14) equipped with the heating heat exchanger (item 16) and channel (item 17) to discharge the working body. Each of the chambers (item 3) is connected with the chamber (item 14) through the valve (item 4), whereas their design and operation mode are similar to the unit embodiment 1, at valve (item 4) opening the working body transfers from the chamber (item 3) into the chamber (item 14) as per the principles, described in the first boiler embodiment. The common chamber (item 13) is equipped with the cooling heat exchanger (item 15) served to discharge excess heat from the working body, inflowing into the boiler, using heat-transfer fluid. The working body is transferred from the common chamber (item 13) into the chambers (item 3) through the valve (item 4) according to the similar principles of the working body transferring from the chamber (item 3) into the chamber (item 14). The working body is fed into the chamber (item 13) previously cooled in the heat exchangers (item 8) flowing consequently through the chambers (item 3). The valves (item 18) direct the flow of the processed working body, fed into the inlet channel (item 19) and flowing through the chambers (item 3) and further into the common chamber (item 13). The valves (item 18) are equipped with solenoid drive (not shown) and are made three-position: first positionthe valve is open to transfer the working body from the channel (item 19) into the heat exchanger (item 8), whereas the channel (item 19) behind the valve is closed and there is no connection with the chamber (item 13). In the second position the valve is open to transfer the working body from the heat exchanger (item 8) into the heat exchanger (item 8), whereas there is no connection between the channel (item 19) and the common chamber (item 13). In the third position the valve is open to transfer the working body from the heat exchanger (item 8) into the common chamber (item 13), whereas the next heat exchanger (item 8) is closed and there is no connection with the channel (item 19). The valves (item 18) direct the processed working body flow and the entry and exit positions into the heat exchangers (item 8) or other chambers (item 3). This specific feature along with the chambers (item 3) filling and draining moment helps to implement the boiler operation mode when the chambers (item 3), containing most heated working body, are fed with the most heated processed working body and the chambers (item 3), containing least heated working body are fed with the less heated working body. Employing the above described heat exchange organization principle, the unit may use another heating medium, different from the processed working body, full or partial parallel usage of several heat exchangers, interfacing with the working body in the chambers (item 3), is also possible. In case of the boiler embodiment without the common chamber (item 13) the working body may be fed through the feeding channel (item 17), proprietary for each of the chambers (item 3), in such case each of the chambers (item 3) is equipped with its own cooling heat exchanger (item 15) to discharge excess heat from the cooled working body in the chamber (item 3) being filled in. Similar to the boiler embodiment without the common chamber (item 13) it is possible to have the boiler without the common chamber (item 14). In such case the heated working body will be discharged from each of the chambers (item 3) using their own channels (item 17). The unit is equipped with the feed pump (item 12) to supply the working body into the boiler.

(12) The FIG. 5 demonstrates the boiler embodiment with recovery option to be used in a steam power plant. The proposed embodiment specific feature is operation with the working bodies at the subcritical and supercritical temperature and pressure parameters. The boiler comprises the casing (item 1) in the shape of the cylinder, consisting of several periodically sealed segmented chambers (item 3), positioned radially towards the common central point. The chambers (item 3) contain the working body (item 6) liquid phase, however a steam layer (item 7) may also present. The chambers (item 3) are designed to heat the working body inside by the heat from the external heating medium, supplied through the heat exchanger (item 16). The valves (item 4) are designed to fill in and discharge the working body from the chambers (item 3), the valve (item 4) design and operation principle are similar to the embodiment 1. The heating medium gases flow in the heat exchanger (item 16) is directed by the flag-type valves (item 23), the valve's (item 23) flag position set direction for the heating medium movement. The gases are exhausted through the exhaust pipes (item 24) in sequences, depending on the flag-type valves (item 23) position. In combination with the chambers (item 3) filling and draining moment the boiler operation mode is achieved when the chambers (item 3), containing most heated working body, are fed with the most heated heating medium and the chambers (item 3), containing least heated working body are fed with the less heated heating medium. Employing the above described heat exchange organization principle, the unit may use another heating medium, different from for example processed working body, full or partial parallel usage of several heat exchangers, interfacing with the working body in the chambers (item 3), is also possible. Once the working body (item 6) is heated, it leaves the chamber (item 3) by the discharge channel (item 17) through the valve (item 4) for its further utilization, accordingly in case of filling the chamber (item 3) the working body (item 6), fed by the feed pump (item 12) (not shown on the FIG. 5), comes through the inlet channel (item 19) from the cooling heat exchanger (item 15). The arrows on the scheme show single-point heating medium and working body direction.

(13) The FIG. 6 demonstrates the boiler with heat recovery option to be used in a steam power plant. Its difference from the boiler embodiment, shown on the FIG. 1, lies in absence of the condensate collector (item 11) and feed pump (item 12), and the heat exchanger (item 16) for the heat-transfer fluid from the additional heat source is used instead of the heat exchanger (item 10) with the heat exchanging coils (item 9).

(14) The following techniques are used for the boiler embodiments described above.

(15) The boiler is partially thermally isolated to decrease heat losses and improve performance.

(16) The boiler is equipped with the heat exchanger (item 15) to discharge heat and improve its performance.

(17) The boiler is cylinder shaped to improve its performance.

(18) The boiler is included into a steam power plant closed circuit to improve its performance.

(19) The operated boiler is cleaned from any other particles, except the working body, to improve its performance.

Best Embodiment

(20) All of the described boiler embodiments and their operation modes are best embodiments.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

(21) The proposed boiler operation mode employment allows using processed heat from the various heat plants. The boiler operation mode allows building highly cost-efficient external heated units.