Fluorine containing polymers

Abstract

The present invention relates to novel fluorine containing polymers, compositions comprising the polymers, the use of the polymers in coatings, especially in water and dirt repellent coatings, and products coated with polymer containing coatings.

Claims

1. A polymer comprising monomer units derived from at least one monomer of formulae (I) or (II)
(Rf.sub.1CHFCF.sub.2OCHR.sub.1).sub.m1-L.sub.1-(X.sub.1).sub.n1(I)
(Rf.sub.2CHFCF.sub.2SCHR.sub.2).sub.m2-L.sub.2-(X.sub.2).sub.n2(II) wherein Rf.sub.1 and Rf.sub.2 are each, independently of one another, a perfluorinated alkyl group which optionally contains heteroatoms, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each, independently of one another, H or an alkyl group, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are each, independently of one another, a single bond or a bivalent organic group, X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are each, independently of one another, an acrylate or methacrylate group, m.sub.1 and m.sub.2 are each, independently of one another, another 1, and n.sub.1 and n.sub.2 are each, independently of one another, 1.

2. The polymer according to claim 1, wherein Rf.sub.1 and Rf.sub.2 are each, independently of one another, selected from the groups CF.sub.3(CF.sub.2).sub.0-3, CF.sub.3(CF.sub.2).sub.0-3O, CF.sub.3(CF.sub.2).sub.0-3O(CF.sub.2).sub.1-3, CF.sub.3(CF.sub.2).sub.0-3O(CF.sub.2).sub.1-3O, CF.sub.3(CF.sub.2).sub.0-3O(CF.sub.2).sub.1-3OCF.sub.2, CF.sub.3(CF.sub.2).sub.0-3O(CF.sub.2O).sub.1-8, and CF.sub.3(CF.sub.2).sub.0-3O(CF.sub.2O).sub.1-8CF.sub.2.

3. The polymer according to claim 1, wherein Rf.sub.1 and Rf.sub.2 are each, independently of one another, selected from the groups CF.sub.3(CF.sub.2).sub.1-2, CF.sub.3(CF.sub.2).sub.1-2O, CF.sub.3O(CF.sub.2).sub.1-3, CF.sub.3O(CF.sub.2).sub.1-2O, CF.sub.3(CF.sub.2).sub.1-2OCF.sub.2, CF.sub.3O(CF.sub.2).sub.1-2OCF.sub.2, CF.sub.3O(CF.sub.2-O).sub.1-8, and CF.sub.3O(CF.sub.2O).sub.1-8CF.sub.2.

4. The polymer according to claim 1, wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each, independently of one another, selected from H or C1-C3 alkyl.

5. The polymer according to claim 1, wherein L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are each, independently of one another, selected from a single bond and a saturated, branched or not branched alkylene group that optionally contains heteroatoms and/or functional groups.

6. The polymer according to claim 1, wherein m.sub.1 and m.sub.2 are each, independently of one another, equal to 1-3.

7. The polymer according to claim 1, wherein n.sub.1 and n.sub.2 are each, independently of one another, equal to 1-3.

8. The polymer according to claim 1, wherein Rf.sub.1 and Rf.sub.2 are each, independently of one another, selected from CF.sub.3(CF.sub.2).sub.1-2, CF.sub.3(CF.sub.2).sub.1-2O, CF.sub.3O(CF.sub.2).sub.1-3, CF.sub.3O(CF.sub.2).sub.1-3O, CF.sub.3(CF.sub.2).sub.1-2OCF.sub.2, CF.sub.3O(CF.sub.2).sub.1-2OCF.sub.2, CF.sub.3O(CF.sub.2O).sub.1-8 and CF.sub.3O(CF.sub.2O).sub.1-8CF.sub.2, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each, independently of one another, H or CH.sub.3, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are each, independently of one another, a single bond or a C1-C4 alkylene group, optionally branched, and optionally containing hetero atoms and/or a functional group, m.sub.1 and m.sub.2 are each, independently of one another, equal to 1 or 2, and n.sub.1 and n.sub.2 are each, independently of one another, equal to 1.

9. The polymer according to claim 1, wherein the monomer is selected from formulae (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Ha), (IIb), and (IIc): ##STR00022## wherein Rf is a perfluorinated alkyl group optionally containing heteroatoms, and R and R are each, independently of one another, H or an alkyl group.

10. The polymer according to claim 9, wherein Rf is CF.sub.3CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O, CF.sub.3CF.sub.2O or CF.sub.3O and R and R are each, independently of one another, H or methyl.

11. The polymer according to claim 1, wherein the polymer comprises at least one functional and/or non-functional co-monomer.

12. The polymer according to claim 1, wherein the polymer comprises at least one functional co-monomer selected from co-monomers comprising OH, epoxy, Si(OMe).sub.3, Si(OEt).sub.3, CO.sub.2H or tertiary amino groups, wherein Me is methyl and Et is ethyl.

13. The polymer according to claim 1, wherein the polymer comprises at least one non-functional monomer selected from co-monomers comprising linear or branched alkyl groups or polyether groups or from styrene like monomers.

14. A method for the production of functional coatings and/or surface modifications, applying a coating or surface modification containing at least one polymer according to claim 1.

15. A method for treating a substrate comprising: contacting a substrate with a composition comprising at least one polymer according to claim 1, optionally a film forming binder, optionally a solvent, and optionally an additive, and drying said composition on said substrate.

16. A coated substrate formed according to the method of claim 15.

17. A paint, coating, printing ink, protective coating, special coating for in electronic or optical applications, photoresist, top antireflective coating, bottom antireflective coating, cosmetic product, agrochemical, floor polish, photographic coating, or coating for optical elements, comprising: a polymer according to claim 1.

18. A composition comprising at least one polymer according to claim 1, optionally a film forming binder, optionally a solvent, and optionally an additive.

19. A composition according to claim 18, wherein said composition is a paint composition, a coating composition, a fire-extinguishing composition, a lubricant, a de-icer composition, a photoresist composition, a photolithographic composition, a cosmetic product, an agrochemical, a floor polish or a hydrophobicizing composition for textile finishing or glass treatment.

20. A film produced by curing a composition according to claim 18.

21. A product having a coating comprising at least one polymer according to claim 1.

22. A process for the preparation of a polymer comprising: (a) polymerizing at least one monomer of formulae (I) or (II) to obtain a polymer according to claim 1
(Rf.sub.1CHFCF.sub.2OCHR.sub.1).sub.m1-L.sub.1-(X.sub.1).sub.n1(I)
(Rf.sub.2CHFCF.sub.2SCHR.sub.2).sub.m2-L.sub.2-(X.sub.2).sub.n2(II) wherein Rf.sub.1 and Rf.sub.2 are each, independently of one another, a perfluorinated alkyl group optionally containing heteroatoms, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each, independently of one another, H or an alkyl group, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are each, independently of one another, a single bond or a bivalent organic group, X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are each, independently of one another, an acrylate or a methacrylate group, m.sub.1 and m.sub.2 are each, independently of one another, another 1 and n.sub.1 and n.sub.2 each, independently of one another, another 1, in a composition comprising at least one initiator, optionally at least one solvent, and optionally at least co-monomer, and (b) optionally isolating the polymer.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 shows the results of a contact angle measurement of a water droplet on 2K-PUR coating with and without polymer additive.

(2) FIG. 2 shows the results of a contact angle measurement of a water droplet on epoxy coating with and without polymer additive.

(3) FIG. 3 shows the results of a contact angle measurement of a water droplet on cleaned glass slide with and without polymer additive.

EXAMPLES

(4) Abbreviations

(5) MTBE tert-butyl methyl ether

(6) DI water deionised water

(7) RT room temperature

(8) wt weight percent

Example 1: Synthesis of 2-Methyl-acrylic acid 2-(1,1,2-trifluoro-2-heptafluoropropyloxy-ethylsulfanyl)-ethyl ester

(9) ##STR00006##

Example 1a

(10) ##STR00007##

(11) 77.30 g of perfluoropropyl vinyl ether, 52.21 g of 2-mercaptoethanol, 40 ml acetonitrile, and 12 g of potassium carbonate are heated to 100 C. in a pressure reactor for 18 h. 25 ml water and 25 ml MTBE are added to the reaction mixture and the phases are separated. The aqueous phase is extracted with 225 mL MTBE and the combined organic phases are washed with 70 mL water and 70 mL saturated NaCl solution. The extract is dried over sodium sulfate, the solvent is removed and the raw material is distilled (b.p. 45-49 C. at 0.1 mbar). product: 63.40 g=63%

(12) 1H-NMR: 6.8 ppm (dt, 1H, CFH); 3.6 ppm (t, 2H, CH2O); 3.1 ppm (t, 2H, SCH2);

Example 1 b

(13) ##STR00008##

(14) 10 g of the alcohol from example 1b are dissolved in 60 ml toluene together with 0.5 g of toluene-4-sulfonic acid monohydrate. 4.5 g of methacrylic acid anhydride are then slowly added under agitation and the reaction mixture is stirred for 24 h at 110 C. The mixture is cooled to RT, 25 mL water and 25 mL MTBE are added and the phases are separated. Subsequently, the aqueous phase is washed with 225 mL MTBE. The combined organic phases are dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and the solvent is distilled off in a rotary evaporator.

(15) product: 11.30 g=94%

(16) 1H-NMR: 7.1 ppm (m, 1H, CFH); 6.1 ppm (m, 1H, CH); 5.7 ppm (m, 1H, CH); 4.3 ppm (t, 2H, CH2O); 3.2 ppm (t, 2H, SCH2); 1.9 ppm (s, 3H, CH3)

Example 2: Synthesis of 2-Methyl-acrylic acid 2-(1,1,2-trifluoro-2-heptafluoropropyloxy-ethoxy)-ethyl ester

(17) ##STR00009##

(18) 41.4 g (126.2 mmol) 2-(1,1,2-trifluoro-2-heptafluoropropyloxy-ethoxy)-ethanol, (0.1 eq.) TEMPO, and 16.6 g (164 mmol, 1.3 eq.) triethylamine are initially introduced under argon in a three-neck round bottom flask with 220 mL MTBE and cooled to 0 C. with ice-cooling. 14.5 g (138 mmol, 1.3 eq.) methacrylic acid chloride are added dropwise. The mixture is stirred under ice-cooling overnight and then stirred at reflux for 18 h. The product is purified by solvent extraction with water and MTBE. The phases are separated and the aqueous phase is extracted twice with 75 ml MTBE. The combined organic phases are washed with 100 mL of water and 100 mL saturated NaCl solution, dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent is removed in vacuo. product: 53 g

(19) 1H-NMR (DMSO, 60 MHz):

(20) TABLE-US-00002 CHF 6.8-7.5 ppm (dt) OCH2 3.62 ppm (t) CH2CH2O 4.2 ppm (t) CCH3 1.83 ppm (s) CCH2 5.7-6.1 ppm (dd)fv

Example 3: Synthesis of 2-Methyl-acrylic acid 2-{3-[2,3-bis-(1,1,2-trifluoro-2-heptafluoropropyloxy-ethoxy)-propoxy]-propylsulfanyl}-ethyl ester

(21) ##STR00010##

(22) 4.7 g (6.3 mmol) 2-{3-[2,3-bis-(1,1,2-trifluoro-2-heptafluoropropyloxy-ethoxy)-propoxy]-propylsulfanyl}-ethanol and 0.84 g (8.3 mmol, 1.3 eq.) triethylamine are initially introduced under argon in a three-neck round bottom flask with 30 mL MTBE and cooled to 0 C. with ice-cooling. 1.2 g (11.4 mmol, 1.8 eq.)

(23) methacrylic acid chloride are added dropwise. The mixture is stirred under ice-cooling overnight and then stirred at reflux for 18 h. The product is purified by solvent extraction with water and MTBE. The phases are separated and the aqueous phase is extracted twice with 75 ml MTBE. The combined organic phases are washed with 100 mL of water and 100 mL saturated NaCl solution, dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent is removed in vacuo. product: 5.1 g

(24) 1H-NMR (DMSO, 60 MHz):

(25) TABLE-US-00003 CHF 6.8-7.5 ppm (dt) OCH2CH 3.9 ppm (d) CHCH2O 3.9 ppm (d) CH2CHCH2 4.9 ppm (tt) OCH2CH2 4.2 ppm (t) CH2CH2S 2.2 ppm (tt) CH2CH2S 3.8 ppm (t) SCH2 3.4 ppm (t) CH2CH2O 4.3 ppm (t) CCH3 1.83 ppm (s) CCH2 5.7-6.1 ppm (dd)

Example 4: Synthesis of 2-Methyl-acrylic acid 2,3-bis-(1,1,2-trifluoro-2-heptafluoropropyloxy-ethoxy)-propyl ester

(26) ##STR00011##

(27) 10 g (16 mmol) 2,3-bis-(1,1,2-trifluoro-2-heptafluoropropyloxy-ethoxy)-propan-1-ol and 0.55 g (3 mmol, 0.2 eq.) 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid monohydrate are initially introduced in 35 mL toluene. 2.72 g (18 mmol, 1.1 eq.) methacrylic acid anhydride are added dropwise. The mixture is stirred at reflux for 24 h. 25 mL water and 25 mL MTBE are added to the reaction mixture and the phases are separated. The aqueous phase is washed twice with 25 ml MTBE. The combined organic phase is washed with 25 mL water, dried over sodium sulfate and filtered. The solvent is removed in vacuo. product: 9.9 g

(28) 1H-NMR (DMSO, 60 MHz):

(29) TABLE-US-00004 CHF 6.8-7.5 ppm (dt) OCH2CH 4.2 ppm (d) CH2CHCH2 4.8 ppm (tt) CHCH2O 4.2 ppm (d) CCH3 1.83 ppm (s) CCH2 5.7-6.1 ppm (dd)

Example 5: Synthesis of Acrylic acid 2-(1,1,2-trifluoro-2-heptafluoropropyloxy-ethylsulfanyl)-ethyl ester

(30) ##STR00012##

(31) 50.0 g (145 mmol) 2-(1,1,2-trifluoro-2-heptafluoropropyloxy-ethylsulfanyl)-ethanol, 12.1 g (168 mmol, 1.15 eq.) acrylic acid, and 4.5 g (0.2 eq.) 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid monohydrate are introduced in 300 mL toluene. and stirred at reflux for 24 h.

(32) The product is purified by solvent extraction with water and MTBE.

(33) The phases are separated and the aqueous phase is extracted twice with 75 ml MTBE. The combined organic phases are washed with 100 mL of water and 100 mL saturated NaCl solution, dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent is removed in vacuo. product: 36.9 g

(34) 1H-NMR (DMSO, 60 MHz):

(35) TABLE-US-00005 CHF 6.8-7.5 ppm (dt) SCH2 2.78 ppm (t) CH2CH2O 4.1 ppm (t) CHCH2 6.2 ppm (s) CHCH2 5.9-6.1 ppm (dd

Example 6: Synthesis of Acrylic acid 2-{3-[2,3-bis-(1,1,2-trifluoro-2-heptafluoropropyloxy-ethoxy)-propoxy]-propylsulfanyl}-ethyl ester

(36) ##STR00013##

(37) 10.7 g (14 mmol) 2-{3-[2,3-bis-(1,1,2-trifluoro-2-heptafluoropropyloxy-ethoxy)-propoxy]-propylsulfanyl}-ethanol, 1.09 g (15 mmol, 1.15 eq.) acrylic acid, and 0.6 g (0.22 eq.) 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid monohydrate are introduced in 30 mL toluene. and stirred at reflux for 24 h.

(38) The product is purified by solvent extraction with water and MTBE.

(39) The phases are separated and the aqueous phase is extracted twice with 75 ml MTBE. The combined organic phases are washed with 100 mL of water and 100 mL saturated NaCl solution, dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent is removed in vacuo. product: 5.4 g

(40) 1H-NMR (DMSO, 60 MHz):

(41) TABLE-US-00006 CHF 6.8-7.5 ppm (dt) OCH2CH 3.9 ppm (d) CHCH2O 3.9 ppm (d) CH2CHCH2 4.9 ppm (tt) OCH2CH2 4.2 ppm (t) CH2CH2S 2.2 ppm (tt) CH2CH2S 3.8 ppm (t) SCH2 3.4 ppm (t) CH2CH2O 4.3 ppm (t) CHCH2 6.2 ppm (s) CHCH2 5.7-6.1 ppm (dd)

Example 7: General Procedure A for Copolymerization

(42) A 50 ml three neck glass round-bottomed flask equipped with a gas inlet, condenser and septum, is charged with 19.35 g of a monomer and solvent premix. An inert atmosphere is created by alternating vacuum and the entry of nitrogen.

(43) In a vial 0.04 g Vazo 52 (Chemour) in 0.4 g isopropyl acetate is added via a syringe under inert atmosphere through the septum and the mixture is heated up to 60 C. for 24 h.

(44) Additionally 0.01 Vazo 52 n 0.2 g isopropyl acetate is added and the mixture is stirred for additional 12 h at 60 C. under inert atmosphere.

(45) The solvent is removed via distillation.

Example 7a

(46) In order to improve the handling a 20 g premix of the following material is made:

(47) 2.16 g of 2-Methyl-acrylic acid 2-(1,1,2-trifluoro-2-heptafluoropropyloxy-ethylsulfanyl)-ethyl ester

(48) 2.16 g of n-Butylmethacrylate

(49) 0.48 g of 2,3-Epoxypropyl methacrylate

(50) 14.55 g Isopropyl Acetate

Example 7b

(51) 20 g premix of the following material is made:

(52) 2.32 g of 2-Methyl-acrylic acid 2-(1,1,2-trifluoro-2-heptafluoropropyloxy-ethylsulfanyl)-ethyl ester

(53) 2.16 g of n-Butylmethacrylate

(54) 0.48 g of 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylat

(55) 14.39 g Isopropyl Acetate

Example 7c

(56) 20 g premix of the following material is made:

(57) 2.16 g of 2-Methyl-acrylic acid 2-(1,1,2-trifluoro-2-heptafluoropropyloxy-ethylsulfanyl)-ethyl ester

(58) 2.16 g of n-Butylmethacrylate

(59) 0.48 g of Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane

(60) 14.39 g Isopropyl Acetate

Example 8: Application Tests

(61) The repellency effect of the polymers is tested in the corresponding coating systems at different concentrations or as diluted solution without resin (glass coating) by contact angle measurement. The apparatus used is a drop shape analyzer (DSA100 from Kruess, Germany), the test liquid is DI water.

Example 8a

(62) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 2 2K PUR coating formulation Amount Number Compound (g) Producer Base coat 1 Desmophen A 870 51.15 CSC Jkle (Bayer) BA 2 Baysilone OL 17; 0.53 OMG Borchers 10% in Xylene 3 Xylene 16.00 Merck 4 & 5 Methoxypropylacetate/ 10.17 Merck/DHC Solventnaphtha 1:1 Chemie 6 Butylglykolacetate 2.13 Merck Hardener 7 Desmodur N 3390 19.49 CSC Jkle (Bayer) BA/SN
Preparation Base Coat:

(63) In a 250 ml flask component 1-6 is added and mixed with a magnetic stirrer for 12 h.

(64) With the base coat, hardener and polymer from example 9b the following mixtures are prepared:

(65) TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 3 Blank 1% 5% 10% Base coat 8.00 g 7.75 g 4.00 g Polymer from 0.25 g 0.55 g 1.30 g example 7b in 50 w % Butylacetate Hardener 2.00 g 2.00 g 0.91 g 1.06 g

(66) The components are mixed with a magnetic stirrer for 45 min.

(67) For the coating application the following equipment is used: byko-chart/Opacity Chart (byk-Gardner GmbH AG-5305) Black/White Drawdown chart Doctor blade (Erichsen, Model 360, 30 m) automatic film applicator (byk-Gardner GmbH) vacuum oven
Preparation Coating: The lacquer is applied with a wet film thickness of 30 m The charts is allowed to level for 15 mins Curing conditions 30 min @130 C. and 250 mbar.
Results of Example 8a:

(68) FIG. 1 shows the results of a contact angle measurement of a water droplet on 2K-PUR coating with and without polymer additive. The measurement is repeated five times on different areas of the coated substrate. From these five measurements the mean value (height of the black bar) and the averaged deviation (bracket on top of the black bar) is evaluated. The blank measurement shows the contact angle (water repellence) of the pure coating, the sample measurement reveal the improvement of repellence due to the presence of the fluorinated additive at 1%, 5% and 10%. The contact angle increases from 83.14 to 98.33

Example 8b

(69) TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 4 Epoxy coating formulation Number Compound Producer Base coat 1 Benzylalcohol VWR 2 Glycidyl-4-nonylphenylether Sigma Aldrich 3 Butylacetate VWR 4 Polymer example 7a 50% in Butylacetate 5 Bisphenol A diglycidylether Sigma Aldrich Hardener 6 Isophorondiamin Sigma Aldrich
Preparation Base Coat:

(70) Components 1-4 are mixed with a spatula. Compound 5 is heated to 40 C. for 1 h before using. Then the epoxide 5 is added to 1-4 and mixed in a Speedmixer at 2800 UPM for 2 min. The hardener 6 is added and mixed with a Speedmixer at 2800 UPM for 30 sec.

(71) TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 5 Compound blank 1% 2% 10% 1 2.25 g 2.00 g 2.00 g 0.70 g 2 0.13 g 0 0 0 3 0.13 g 0 0 0 4 0.20 g 0.40 g 0.90 g 5 7.50 g 6.67 g 6.67 g 2.33 g 2.25 g 2.00 g 2.00 g 0.70 g

(72) For the coating application the following equipment is used: Small aluminium bowl 550.5 cm Ventilation oven
Preparation Coating: The resin is poured into the aluminum bowl The charts is allowed to level for 60 mins Curing conditions 60 min @100 C.
Results of Example 8b:

(73) FIG. 2 shows the results of a contact angle measurement of a water droplet on epoxy coating with and without polymer additive. The measurement is repeated five times on different areas of the coated substrate. From these five measurements the mean value (height of the black bar) and the averaged deviation (bracket on top of the black bar) is evaluated.

(74) The blank measurement shows the contact angle (water repellence) of the pure coating, the sample measurement reveal the improvement of repellence due to the presence of the fluorinated additive at 1%, 5% and 10%. The contact angle increases from 82.77 to 102.41 with a polymer addition of as little 1%. More additive does not improve the repellence any further (101.38 and 99.77 for 2% and 10% resp.)

Example 8c

(75) Glass Coating of a Diluted Solution without Resin:

(76) The polymer residue of example 7c is diluted with n-butyl acetate to yield a 0.5 wt % dispersion.

(77) Preparation Coating:

(78) After filtering through a 50 m Filter the material is applied on a glass substrate (cleaned with acetone). The solvent is allowed to dry at room temperature for 45 min and is additionally cured at 100 C. for 60 min.

(79) Results of Example 8c:

(80) FIG. 3 shows the results of a contact angle measurement of a water droplet on cleaned glass slide with and without polymer additive. The measurement is repeated five times on different areas of the coated substrate. From these five measurements the mean value (height of the black bar) and the averaged deviation (bracket on top of the black bar) is evaluated.

(81) The blank measurement shows the contact angle (water repellence) of the pure glass, the sample measurement reveal the improvement of repellence due to the presence of the fluorinated additive (since the polymer is applied without additional coating system the material can be seen as 100% additive). The contact angle increases from 43.82 to 94.29.

Example 9: General Procedure B for Copolymerization

(82) ##STR00014##

(83) The monomers (62.50 wt % Fluoro-MA, 20.83 wt % stearyl methacrylate, 2.08 wt % 2-hydroxymethyl methacrylate, 12.50 wt % isobornyl methacrylate) and isopropyl acetate are initially introduced into a dry three neck round-bottomed flask. An inert atmosphere is created by alternating vacuum and the entry of argon. Corresponding to 0.2 wt % of the total composition, a solution of Vazo 52 in isopropyl acetate (50 wt %) is added dropwise. The composition is heated and stirred overnight. Additionally, corresponding to 0.1 wt % of the total composition, a solution of Vazo 52 in isopropyl acetate (5 wt %) is added dropwise and the composition is again heated and stirred overnight. Subsequently, the solvent is removed in vacuo.

Example 10: Homopolymerization

Example 10a

(84) ##STR00015##

(85) Acrylic acid 2-(1,1,2-trifluoro-2-heptafluoropropyloxy-ethoxy)-ethyl ester in isopropyl acetate is introduced into a dry three neck round-bottomed flask and an inert atmosphere is created by alternating vacuum and the entry of argon. Corresponding to 0.2 wt % of the total composition, a solution of Vazo 52 in isopropyl acetate (50 wt %) is added dropwise. The composition is heated and stirred overnight. Additionally, corresponding to 0.1 wt % of the total composition, a solution of Vazo 52 in isopropyl acetate (5 wt %) is added dropwise and the composition is again heated and stirred overnight. Subsequently, the solvent is removed in vacuo.

Example 10b

(86) ##STR00016##

(87) Methacrylic acid 2-(1,1,2-trifluoro-2-heptafluoropropyloxy-ethoxy)-ethyl ester in isopropyl acetate is introduced into a dry three neck round-bottomed flask and an inert atmosphere is created by alternating vacuum and the entry of argon. Corresponding to 0.2 wt % of the total composition, a solution of Vazo 52 in isopropyl acetate (50 wt %) is added dropwise. The composition is heated and stirred overnight. Additionally, corresponding to 0.1 wt % of the total composition, a solution of Vazo 52 in isopropyl acetate (5 wt %) is added dropwise and the composition is again heated and stirred overnight. Subsequently, the solvent is removed in vacuo.

Example 10c

(88) ##STR00017##

(89) Acrylic acid 2-(1,1,2-trifluoro-2-heptafluoropropyloxy-ethylsulfanyl)-ethyl ester in isopropyl acetate is introduced into a dry three neck round-bottomed flask and an inert atmosphere is created by alternating vacuum and the entry of argon. Corresponding to 0.2 wt % of the total composition, a solution of Vazo 52 in isopropyl acetate (50 wt %) is added dropwise. The composition is heated and stirred overnight. Additionally, corresponding to 0.1 wt % of the total composition, a solution of Vazo 52 in isopropyl acetate (5 wt %) is added dropwise and the composition is again heated and stirred overnight. Subsequently, the solvent is removed in vacuo.

Example 11: Oil-Repellency Test

(90) The Oil-Repellency test is a method to evaluate the oil and water repellent effect (DWR-effect) of polymers on fabrics. Based on the AATCC Test Method 118-2013, drops of standards test solvents of varying surface tensions are placed on a surface treated with polymers. The fabrics (cotton and polyester) are previously laid in the DWR solution and dried. Parameters like size of fabric, solution volume, solution concentration, and drying time are repeatable and identical conditions. Table 6 shows test solvents and repellency grades. The oil repellency Grade is the highest numbered test liquid which will not wet the fabric surface. This non-wetting criterion has to be hold within a period of 30 s. A grade zero is assigned when the fabric fails the mineral oil test liquid.

(91) Grading example (pattern AATCC Test Method 118-2013): A=Passes; clear well-rounded drop B=Borderline pass; rounding drop with partial darkening C=Fails; wicking apparent and/or complete wetting D=complete wetting

(92) TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 6 Specified Surface Tension (25 C.) Oil Repellency Grad Composition/Solvent (dynes/cm) 0 None (fail Kaydol) 1 Kaydol 31.5 2 Kaydol:n-hexadecane (65:35) 3 n-hexadecane 27.3 4 n-tetradecane 26.4 5 n-dodecane 24.7 6 n-decane 23.5 7 n-octane 21.4 8 n-heptane 19.8

(93) Requirements of Oil Repellency Textiles, No. FTTS-FA-01 [online] Available on: [http://www.ftts.org.tw/images/fa012E.pdf] [Consulted on 6 Aug. 2016]

(94) TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 7 Test Results Oil- Fluoro-MA Formulation Viscosity Repellency C6 Standard Formulation cotton: 6 polyester: 6 C8 Standard Formulation cotton: 6 polyester: 6 0 100% Fluor-MA Standard Formulation 45% linear Fluoro- Very viscous <C6-C8- Material Very viscous cotton: 6 polyester: 5 cotton: 5 polyester: cotton: 5 MA polyester: 5 45% HEMA 10% butyl acrylate 100% Fluor-MA viscous cotton: 5 polyester: 4